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PRESENTED BY. 

US>60 



XENOPHOFS AIABASIS, 



WITH 



dfflanatora litotes, 

- 

FOR THE 

USE OF SCHOOLS AM) COLLEGES DT THE UNITED STATES. 



BY 



JAMES R. BOISE, 

PEOFESSOE OF GBEEK XS THE UNXVEESITY OF MICHIGAN. 



WITH KIEPERT'S MAP, 

SHOWING THE ENTIRE ROUTE OF THE TEN THOUSAND. 

AKD 

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE ANABASIS, 

TEANSLATED FEOM HEETtKIS. 



NEW TOEK : 
D. APPLETON AND COMPANY, 



346 & 348 BROADWAY. 
1860. 



I 

\ 



>0v 












D 5 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1856, 

By D. APPLETON & COMPANY, 

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the 

Southern District of New York, 



TO 



THE REV. FRANCIS WAYLAID, D.D., LL.D., 

LATE PBESEDENT OF BEOWN UNIVEB8ITY, 

THIS EDITION OF THE ANABASIS 

AS A SLIGHT TOKEN OF GRATEFUL REMEMBRANCE FOR MANY FAVORS, 

AND FOR INVALUABLE SUGGESTIONS ON THE STUDY AND 

TEACHING OF THE ANCIENT LANGUAGES, 



BY HIS FOEMEE PUPIL, 

THE EDITOE. 



PREFACE. 



Since the notes which accompany the latest Ameri- 
can editions of the Anabasis were written, the following 
excellent editions have appeared in Germany : 

1. Kiihner's Anabasis, published in 1852, with a 
Latin Commentary, and with critical annotations on the 
text. Dr. Kiihner is well known to scholars in this 
country through his excellent Grammars of the Greek 
language, translated by Messrs. Edwards & Taylor, of 
Andover, Mass., and also through his Latin Grammar, 
translated by Professor Champlin, of Waterville College, 
Maine. His edition of the Anabasis exhibits the same 
critical scholarship and sound judgment as his other 
works. • 

2. An edition by K. Matthiae, also published in 
1852, with German notes, and an appendix containing 
a Lexicon and Grammar adapted to the Anabasis. 

3. Several different editions by K. W. Kriiger. Of 
these, the editor has in his possession the edition of 1845, 
which is an enlargement of the edition of 1830, the first 



VI PKEFACE. 

which was published with German notes : also the edi- 
tion of 1849, which contains a delectus emendationum 
and a Greek-German Lexicon of the Anabasis ; and 
lastly the edition of 1850, with numerous and very val- 
uable grammatical notes in German. 

4. F. K. Hertlein's Anabasis. This belongs to the 
deservedly popular series of Greek and Latin authors 
with German notes, published by Weidmann, in Leipsic. 
The grammatical notes, though not so numerous and 
full as those of Kriiger, are always to the point : and 
are indeed often so similar to those of Kriiger, as to 
give some plausibility to the charge of plagiarism in 
this part of the work. Hertlein has also added in his 
2d edition, 1854, extensive geographical notes, taken 
by permission from the works of Kiepert. Thus we 
have in Hertlein's edition unquestionably the most com- 
plete and accurate geographical commentary, which 
has ever been published with a school edition of the 
Aiiabasis. 

While therefore in the preparation of this edition, 
the older helps in such a work have not been neglected, 
it has been the chief aim of the editor to embody as 
fully as possible the results of the most recent investi- 
gations bearing on this subject. Free use has conse- 
quently been made of the labors particularly of Kriiger 
and of Hertlein ; while, at the same time, the fact has 
not been lost sight of, that the classical schools of this 
country are behind those of Germany, and that simpler 
and more elementary explanations are therefore often 



PKEFACE. Vll 

necessary in a worK prepared for American schools. 
The geographical notes are almost exclusively transla- 
ted from Kiepert as cited by Hertlein. 

The grammatical references are to Kiihner's Greek 
Grammar, translated by Messrs. Edwards & Taylor, 
and published by Messrs. D. Appleton & Company, of 
New York. It was deemed superfluous in a school 
edition to make references to the grammatical works 
of Jelf, Buttmann, and. Matthiae, which are at present 
seldom, if ever, used by the pupils in our schools : nor 
was it thought expedient to add references to Eaihner's 
Elementary Greek Grammar, or to the excellent works 
of Champlin, Kendrick, Sophocles, Crosby, and Mc- 
Clintock. The careful learner who uses either of these 
grammars in preference to that of Kiihner will generally 
find by the aid of his index or table of contents the 
principle in question. 

The text of this edition is intended to be an exact 
reprint of that of Hertlein. It will be perceived that 
pp appears without the usual breathings ; and also, that 
capital letters are used only for proper names or their 
derivatives, and to commence distinct paragraphs (not 
single sentences). This is in conformity with the 
series of "Weidmann and of Teubner. A table, exhib- 
iting the passages in which Hertlein varies from L. 
Dindorf s edition, published by Teubner in 1851, has 
been appended to the text. 

The editor cannot refrain from expressing in this 
connection, his high appreciation of the excellent edi- 



• • • 



Vlll PEEFAOE. 

tion of the Anabasis published in this country in 1843, 
by Rev. Dr. J. J. Owen. This work has been constantly 
examined in connection with those above mentioned, 
and for the suggestions thence derived, as well as for 
many personal favors, the editor desires to express hia 
grateful acknowledgments. 

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, June, 1856. 



INTRODUCTION. 



§ 1. Among the most distinguished of ancient authors, 
whose works still present, after the lapse of more than two 
thousand years, an inexhaustible fountain of the noblest enjoy- 
ment and the richest instruction, Xenophon, an Athenian, son 
of Gryllus, has justly acquired a conspicuous position. The 
year of his birth cannot with certainty be given ; and it would 
seem quite proper in a work of this kind to pass over the in- 
vestigation of this point, were there not in the Anabasis itself 
several passages which bear upon it. The third year of the 
82d Olympiad = 450 B. C., is the date commonly assumed, 
having been inferred from the statement of Stesiclides, cited 
by Diogenes Laertius (II, 56), who places his death in the 
first year of the 105th Olympiad = 360 B. C, added to the 
statement of Lucian (in the M.aKp6j3tot ch. 21), that he lived 
more than ninety years. But the statement of Stesiclides is 
more than doubtful, because in the Historia Graeca VI, 4, 36, 
the death of Alexander tyrant of Pherae is mentioned ; and 
this took place, according to Diodorus Siculus (XVI, 14), in 
the 4th year of the 105th Olympiad ; hence Xenophon must 
have lived several years after 360, B. C. The passages in the 
Anabasis which bear on tills question, are the following : — 1st, 



X INTRODUCTION. 

in 3, 1/ 14, and 25, he alludes to his age as though he might 
appear too youthful to take the position of commander ; 2d, in 
3, 2, 37, Xenophon and Timasion are mentioned as the youngest 
generals; 3d, in 5, 3, 1, all, who were more than forty years 
of age, are represented as taking ship, while Xenophon, with 
those who were younger, continues the march by land, and in 
7, 3, 46, he is spoken of as commander of those who had not 
yet passed the thirtieth year of their age ; 4th, in 7, 6, 34, it 
is implied that he had no children. All of these passages, 
however, fail to justify the assertion that Xenophon was scarcely 
more than 26 or 27 years of age at that time ; since, when 
generals were chosen by the popular vote, it was customary to 
elect only those who were men of experience, and somewhat 
advanced in years ; and, for this reason, the first two passages 
above referred to, prove nothing decisive. Nor does the fact, 
that Proxenus was only about thirty years of age (Anab. 2, 6, 
20), Agias and Socrates about thirty-five (2, 6, 30), and Menon 
much younger (2, 6, 28), bear at all on this question ; because 
these generals were not chosen by their own soldiers. So also 
the two passages cited under the 3d head, prove nothing with 
certainty ; for the leader might be older than the men whom 
he commanded, inasmuch as he commonly went on horseback, 
and could thus more easily bear the fatigues of the march than 
the common soldier who must go on foot. The last passage 
above cited, presents nothing from which any positive conclu- 
sion can be drawn respecting the age of Xenophon. On the 
contrary, it is implied in 7, 2, 38, that he was of such an age 
that he might be supposed to have a marriageable daughter. 
Furthermore, Diogenes Laertius (II, 22), and Strabo (IX, 2, p. 
251, Tauchn.), relate that Xenophon was engaged in the battle 
of Delium (which occurred Olymp. LXXXIX, 1 = 424, B. C), 
Now as the Athenians did not perform military duty beyond 
the borders of Attica before the twentieth year of their age, 
Kruger* concludes that Xenophon may have been born about 

* De Xenophontis vita. Hal. Sax. 1822. 



INTRODUCTION. XI 

Olymp. LXXXIV, 1 = 444, B. C, and consequently that he 
may have been about forty-four years of age at the time of the 
expedition into Upper Asia. 

Of Xenophon's youth we know little. It appears from 
Anab. 7, 8, 4, that he belonged to a family of considerable 
wealth ; and it cannot be doubted that he received a careful 
education. To the culture of his mind were doubtless added 
those gymnastic exercises which always constituted an impor- 
tant part of an Athenian education : he shows, at least in his 
own writings, a great fondness for horsemanship, and for the 
chase. On his spiritual development, no person exerted so 
great an influence as Socrates, to whom he has consecrated an 
offering of genuine love and admiration in his literary works. 
That he was also a hearer of the celebrated Sophist Prodicus, 
of Ceos, is related by Philostratus in the Lives of the Sophists, 
T, 12 ; from which passage it also appears that he spent some 
time in Boeotia as a prisoner. Here he appears to have con- 
tracted that friendship for Proxenus which exerted on the 
events of his subsequent life so marked an influence. 

Induced by Proxenus (Anab. 3, 1, 4), he repaired in the 
year 401, B. C. to Asia Minor, where he was introduced to 
the younger Cyrus, whom he accompanied in the expedition 
against Artaxerxes II. The principal motives which led him 
to follow Cyrus, were probably the desire of military renown, 
and the hope of increasing his fortune, which most likely had 
been greatly impaired, like that of many other Athenians, in 
the disasters attending and following the Pcloponnesian war. 
These motives overcame the scruples which he at first experi- 
enced in view of the hostility of Cyrus towards Athens, and 
the consequent probability that he might incur the jealousy 
of his native city. 

After the battle of Cunaxa, and after most of the Grecian 
generals had been taken and executed by the treachery of the 
Persians, Xenophon was the first to animate the drooping 
spirits of the Greeks and from this time forth he was the soul 



XII INTRODUCTION. 

of every enterprise in the celebrated retreat of the ten thousand. 
The remnant of these, after their return, were united with the 
troops of the Spartan Thibron (or Thimbron), to defend the 
Greek colonies in Asia Minor against the Persians. In the 
expedition under Thibron and his successor Dercylidas, Xeno- 
phon appears also to have taken part ; perhaps as leader of the 
K-vpetoL (cf. 3, 2, 17). It is at least certain that he accom- 
panied Agesilaus, first in his military operations against the 
Persians in the year 396, B. C, and afterwards in 394, B. C, 
in his march through Thrace and Thessaly to Boeotia ; and 
that in the battle of Coronea he fought on the side of the 
Lacedsemonians against his own fellow-citizens. This pro- 
ceeding, which has been severely censured by some modern 
scholars, especially by Niebuhr, will be # viewed in a much 
milder light when all of the circumstances as well as the pre- 
vailing opinions of the time are taken into consideration. The 
Greeks, notwithstanding their subdivision into many States, 
considered themselves as united into one people by a common 
language and religion, as well as by similar customs and insti- 
tutions. Hence as a general rule those who were banished, 
did not hesitate to join in war with another State against 
their paternal city, under the idea that 'they were only con- 
tending for their own rights against a party which was hostile 
to themselves. The censure which has on this account fallen 
on Xenophon, belongs, therefore, not so much to him as to the 
age in which he lived. 

Xenophon was banished (probably soon after he passed 
over with the army from Europe into Asia, .Anab. 7, 7, 57), 
for the reason that he had entered into the service of Cyrus, 
who, through the most active support given to the Lacedae- 
monians in the Peloponnesian war, had been the principal 
cause of that result which was so disastrous to Athens. The 
situation in which Xenophon was placed, fully explains, if it 
does not justify, his conduct. To this must be added the 
general admiration for the Spartan constitution, which culti- 



INTRODUCTION. XIII 

vated men at Athens then felt, owing to the corruption of- 
the democracy, in which admiration Xenophon participated ; 
and also that friendship and respect for Agesilaus, of which 
his writings afford abundant evidence. 

Through the influence of his friend Agesilaus, Xenophon 
received as a reward for his important services in the war, a 
valuable estate at Scillus, in that part of Elis which had been 
taken by Sparta. Here, with a part of the spoils which were 
saved from the Persian expedition, he built and consecrated 
to Artemis that sanctuary which he so pleasantly describes in 
the Anab. 5, 3. Here in the enjoyment of rural quietude and 
leisure, such as a life of toil had fitted him to appreciate, he 
probably composed the greater part of his works. He was not 
however permitted to continue in the quiet possession of his 
estate. After the p>ower of Sparta had been for ever broken 
in the battle of Leuctra (371, B. C), the Eleans regained 
possession of Scillus, and compelled Xenophon to abandon his 
residence. The last years of his life were spent at Corinth : 
nor did his recall from banishment, effected by the influence 
of Eubulus, induce him to return to Athens. He, however, 
sent thither his two sons G-ryllus and Diodorus, to join the 
army which the Athenians furnished, for aid to the Lacedae- 
monians just before the battle of Mantinea. Gryllus fell in 
battle while bravely fighting ; and the Athenians claimed for 
him the honor of having mortally wounded the great Theban 
commander. Xenojmon received the tidings of the death of 
Gryllus with the deepest sorrow ; yet he bore the affliction in a 
manner worthy of the greatest men of antiquity. The year 
of his death is no more certain than that of his birth. Still 
we may assume that it did not occur before Olymp. CVI, 
2 == 355, B. C, since it scarcely admits of a doubt that the 
small work Tropoi ?} 7rept TrpocroScov was written after the Social 
war which lasted from Olymp. CV, 3, to CVI, 1. 

§ 2. Of the character of Xenophon, we are able to obtain a 
very complete view from his writings, especially from the 



XIV INTRODUCTION. 

Anabasis. His leading traits were a refined susceptibility for all 
that is noble and good, mildness of disposition, fondness for 
pleasantry united with a firmness and decision which, were in- 
vincible even in the most trying situations, a heart formed for 
friendship, and a remarkable devotion to persons of distin- 
guished excellence ; which, while it proves his sympathies to 
have been generous, at the same time not unfrecjuently obscures 
the clearness of his vision as a historian. Notwithstanding hia 
fondness for philosophical studies, the pious faith of his ances- 
tors lives in him undisturbed; — a fact which at first view 
appears surprising, but which is understood on the ground that 
Xenophon contemplated philosophy only in its bearings on real 
life, while from those more profound inquiries which Plato 
pursued, Xenophon stood almost entirely aloof. 

§ 3. As an author, his practical nature leads him to treat 
principally of the events of his time, of the art of war, of polit- 
ical economy, and of the duties of the citizen in his relation to 
the state, as well as to the family. His writings therefore 
may be divided into historical, military, political, and philo- 
-sophical. To his historical works belong the Anabasis, of 
which we shall have occasion to speak more fully below, and 
the Historia Graeca ('EX/VTyvtKa), consisting of seven books 
which are a continuation of the work of Thucydides, and which 
contain a history of Greece from the twenty-first year of the 
Peloponnesian war down to the battle of Mantinea (from 410 
to 362, B. C.) ; and to the same class of works belongs also the 
Agesilaus. The c l7T7rap^tKos is a military treatise on the duties 
of a leader of cavalry ; and to the same subject belongs also, for 
the most part, the tract irepl Ittttlk^. So also in close connec- 
tion with these works, stands the Kw^y eriKos, a treatise on 
hunting, the practice of which Xenophon considers an excellent 
school preparatory for war. His political writings comprise 
several smaller works ; one on the Lacedaemonian State, 
another on the Athenian State (this latter, however, is prob- 
ably not the work of Xenophon), a treatise on revenues, and a 



INTRODUCTION. XV 

tract on the tyrant Hiero (AaKeSai/xonW 7roAiT€ta, 'A&paiW 
TroXiTeta, Uopoi rj 7T€pt 7rpocroScov, 'Iepwv ^ Tvpavvos). To his 
philosophical writings belong the Memoirs of Socrates, 'Atto- 
jxvrjfxovevfxaTa Scdk/xxtov?, the Banquet (Sv//,7rocnov), the Oecono- 
micus (Oikovoixlkos,), and the Apology of Socrates (^wKparovs 
a.7ro\oyLa), which is perhaps supposititious. To all these various 
classes belongs the Kvpov 72-uiSeia, a sort of didactic, historical 
romance, in which Xenophon sets forth his own ideal of an 
accomplished ruler in the person of the elder Cyrus. 

Most of Xenophon's writings are not less distinguished for 
their outward form, than for their valuable and important con- 
tents. Though his style is simple and unadorned (whence he 
has been called 6 acpeXrjs kcu ictj^vos ^apa/crr/p), yet it glides 
along in an easy and charming manner, for the most part in a 
uniform and quiet stream. Though he seldom rises above this 
simplicity to a more elevated diction, yet he is by no means 
wanting in oratorical impressiveness and convincing clearness. 
He uses metaphors and other rhetorical figures somewhat 
sparingly, but is nice and tasteful in the choice of words, 
without being over-anxious for variety of expression. Nor is 
he very thoughtful to give a periodic roundness to his entire 
sentences or great regularity to the several parts : on the con- 
trary he often passes in the midst of a sentence from one con- 
struction to another, after the manner of lively conversation : 
so that in few of the better Greek authors does the anacoluthon 
occur so often. With such characteristics of style, so far re- 
moved from all poetical coloring, it is the more surprising that 
he should so often employ single words, which, by other Attic 
writers, are used only in poetry. It would be injustice to 
Xenophon to suppose that this frequent use of poetic words 
arises from an effort to adorn his style ; since this would be as 
tasteless and inept, as if one should seek to adorn a simple 
garment with here and there a purple patch. It is much rather 
to be explained on the ground of his protracted residence in 
foreign lands, and his intercourse with Greeks of various tribes 



XVI INTRODUCTION. 

and dialects, especially with the Lacedsemonians, among whom 
Words, which were merely poetic with the Athenians, may have 
been in common use ; and hence quite naturally adopted by 
Xenophon from his ordinary language into his writings. On 
account of this and some other peculiarities of style, the ancient 
grammarians did not reckon Xenophon among the pure Atti- 
cists. But the general estimate of his character as a writer, 
is clearly shown by the appellation, Attic Muse, or Attic Bee 
(names so often given him), and also by the judgment of Cicero 
and of Quintilian.* 

§ 4. To attempt any thing like a general estimate of the 
value and importance of Xenophon's entire works, would re- 
quire too much space ; we cannot, however, in this introduction 
to a historical work, neglect to present very briefly some of the 
most important points relating to his character as a historian ; 
and in this view not simply the Anabasis requires considera- 
tion, but also especially the Hellenica. This work, although 
of the highest value, and in certain parts admirable, is on the 
whole the least finished of Xenophon's more extended writings, 
being as it would seem not so much a finished work, as a rough 
sketch, in which the author aimed less to present a full historic 
development, than to set forth particular points of interest to 
himself. *#;«**# 

§ 5. The Anabasis on the contrary, unquestionably the 
most attractive of Xenophon's writings, resembles a landscape 
in full sunlight. Every thing lies bright and open before our 
eyes : nothing stands in the shade, so as to give greater prom- 
inence to other objects : every thing appears in its proper 

* Cic. Orat. § 32, {Xenophontis) sermo est ille quidem melle dulcior ; and 
§ 62. Xenophontis voce Musas quasi locutas ferunt. — Quintilian X, 1, 82. 
'Quid ego comynemorem Xenophontis illam jucunditatem inaffectatam, sed 
quam nulla consequi affectatio possit ? ut ipsae sermonem finxisse Gratiae 
videantur, et, quod de Pericle veteris comaediae testimonium est, in hunc 
transferri justissime possit, in labris ejus sedisse quandam persuadendi 
deam. 



INTRODUCTION." XVII 

stature and coloring : nothing is exaggerated, nothing is pre* 
sented in too brilliant hues. The most remarkable events are 
described with the same ease and freedom as the most common- 
place. ***** Aside from these excellencies, the 
Anabasis is important also on this account, because it presents 
a new step in the historic art, in which the author writes the 
history of his own deeds. This is at least the case from the 
beginning of the third book, where Xenophon for the first time 
becomes conspicuous. Furthermore, we have in this work the 
most important information respecting the contemporary con- 
dition of Greece, as well as of the Persian empire. The 
knowledge of still other countries and nations was also very 
greatly promoted by the Anabasis, since the author communi- 
cates the most valuable information respecting regions which 
till then were scarcely known by name, and which even at a 
later period were not accurately described. Finally it is a 
most important work for the study of the Grecian military 
system. In every thing relating to this subject, the author 
shows the highest intelligence. ****** Much, 
however, especially in the beginning of the work, which the 
reader would fain know, and which is of importance, as well 
as much which is actually communicated, is passed over too 
lightly; and hence, as a mere historical work, the Anabasis 
cannot be compared with the great artistic productions of Thu- 
cydides, Sallust and Tacitus. 

§6. The author of the Anabasis always speaks as thouo-h. 
he had not himself attended the march, but as though he had 
received his information from another. Thus he says in 1, 8 
6, AiyeTai; 1, 8, 18, Xeyovcn Se nves ; 1, 10, 1, iXeyovro: 5, 4, 
34, eXeyov ot dTpaTcvcrajxcvoi. Only in the supposititious pas- 
sage 7, 8, 25, do we find the first person iirrjXdofiw. For this 
reason and also from the statement in Hellen. 3, 1, 2, where 
the following passage occurs : l Os fxlv ovv Kvpos arpdrev/jid re 
crwe'Xe^e kclI tovt ^x o)V ^ej3r] lirl rbv dSo\<£oV, kol d>s rj /xdxr} 
ZyeveTO, real ws aTr£6avc 3 kcu ws Ik tovtov an ea uiO^dav ol "EAA^vcs 



XVIII INTRODUCTION. 

e7rt $aA.aTTav, ®ejjLL(TToyiveL tw ^vpaKocrtip yeypa7rrat, some per« 
sons have formerly denied that Xenophon was the author of 
the Anabasis. In opposition to this view, we are to consider 
the exact correspondence of the Anabasis with the other ac- 
knowledged writings of Xenophon, not simply in language, hut 
also in their entire spirit, — in religious views, in fondness for 
military tactics, for horses and for the chase, as well as a great 
variety of particulars which cannot he enumerated here. In 
a word, the unprejudiced reader cannot entertain a doubt that 
Xenophon only could have written in the way in which the 
Anabasis is actually written.* Furthermore, the testimony 
of antiquity is undivided that Xenophon was the author of the 
Anabasis. How then are we to explain the fact that, in the 
passage of the Hellenica above cited, Xenophon should refer 
not to his own work, but to that of Themistogenes. It cannot 
be said in reply that the Hellenica was written before the Ana- 
basis, and on this account he was unable to refer to his own 
work on this subject : for although it cannot with certainty be 
determined in what year the Anabasis actually was written, 
yet it is quite certain that it was completed earlier than the 
Hellenica. The latter was not finished before Olymp. CV. 
4= 357, B. C. (cf. §1, above) ; while the Anabasis must have 
been written before the recovery of Scillus by the Eleans, that 
is before Olymp. CII, 2 =371 B. C, otherwise some allusion 
would doubtless have been made in 5, 3, to the loss of his es- 
tate, f Doubtless the true key to the difficulty is furnished 
by Plutarch, who says that Xenophon published the Anabasis 
under the name of Themistogenes, to render it more credible. 

* The investigation is carried out in a complete and exact manner in 
the tract hy C. W. Kriiger, de authentia et integritate Anabaseos Xeno- 
phonteac. Halis. Sax. 1824:. 

f That the composition of the Anab. is to he dated at least 18 or 20 
years after the return of Xenophon, appears evident, irrespective of other 
indications,- from the fact that in describing his residence, at Scillus, 5, 3, 
10, he speaks of sons that were already grown up, while in 7, 6, 34, he 
implies that he still had no children. 



INTRODUCTION. XIX 

(Mor. p. 345. e.). Perhaps also he wished to avoid giving 
offence to certain Spartans of distinction, whose conduct he 
does not approve of. cf. 7, 1, 2, & 7, 2, 6, where he speaks 
of Anaxibius ; also 7, 2, 7 & 12, et seqq., where he speaks of 
Aristarchus. 

§ 7. If we inquire after the sources whence Xenophon drew 
the materials for the Anabasis, we shall find the first and most 
important to have been his own personal recollections, or 
rather his own journal: for it is necessary to assume the ex- 
istence of such a journal as the foundation of the work, since 
no memory would have been adequate to retain so many par- 
ticulars, the geographical and statistical notices, especially the 
many numerical statements and other things of the kind.* In 
the present form of the work, we may imagine that the discur- 
sive and irregular character of the original journal is still 
perceptible. Whether Xenophon resorted to other sources of 
information, can, with a single exception, neither be affirmed 
nor denied. True, another account of the expedition by 
Sophaenetus (without doubt the general of this name often 
mentioned by Xenophon) , is said to have been written ; and 
from this, the historian Ephorus, and from him again Diodo- 
rus seem to have taken their representation. It is remarkable 
that in the narrative of Sophaenetus, the name of Xenophon 
first appears in connection with the difficulties in Thrace. 
From a comparison of Diodorus with Xenophon, there is no 

* This journal must certainly have contained the distances between the 
places, or at least the number of marches and some indication whether 
they were longer or shorter. (The number of parasangs is often too great, 
as in 1, 2, 5, being given on the assumption that five is an ordinary day's 
march.) This journal must have contained also some geographical no- 
tices, the correctness of which has been generally confirmed by modern 
researches. It cannot however have been very full, since mistakes occur 
even near the beginning of the work (cf. note 1, 2, 23.) The journal 
seems also to terminate on the arrival of the Greeks near the country of 
the Carduchians. The march through Armenia and thence homeward, 
is almost entirely described from memory. (Kiepert.) 



XX INTRODUCTION. 

evidence that the latter had the work of Sophaenetus before 
him. In a single passage (1, 8, 26), Xenophon refers to 
Ctesias. This man, a Greek from Cnidus in Caria, resided a 
long time at the Persian court as royal physician, and after 
his return home in 399 B. C. wrote a work consisting of 
twenty-three books, entitled HepcriKa, of which we now have 
only the extracts in Photius and certain fragments. 

§ 8. The scene of the events described in the Anabasis is 
for the most part the Persian empire. Darius II, the ninth 
king since the founding of the empire by Cyrus, died in the 
year 404 B. C. He was succeeded by his eldest son Arsakes, 
under the name Artaxerxes (i. e. according to Herod, 6, 98, 
fieyas aprjios, great ivarrior). His younger brother Cyrus 
claimed however to be the rightful heir to the throne, because 
Arsakes was born while Darius was still in private life, and 
because he himself was the first-born after Darius became 
king. Cyrus and his mother Parysatis (i. e. child of a Peri, 
Fairy- child), by whom he was supported in his claims, were 
able to appeal to the example of Xerxes, who was preferred to 
his older brothers because they were born before their father 
Darius Hystaspis ascended the throne. Well might Cyrus 
with the consciousness of his right and of his own kingly qual- 
ities, cherish the thought of gaining the ascendancy. This 
thought first became a purpose, when Tissaphernes, satrap of 
Caria, although he had been treated in a friendly manner by 
Cyrus, accused him of plotting against the king, so that Cyrus 
was apprehended, and was rescued from death only by the 
entreaties of his mother. After this occurrence, immediately 
on his return to Asia Minor, he commenced the preparations 
for carrying his purpose into execution. He had been first 
sent to Asia Minor by his father in the year 407 B. C. having 
the rank of Karanos or commander in chief of all the royal 
forces which were stationed between the river Halys and the 
.ZEgean sea. While occupying this position, he had actively 
supported the Spartans against the Athenians, perhaps with 



INTRODUCTION. XXI 

the idea of securing the support of Sparta at some future day 
in carrying out his own plans. Accordingly on his return to 
Asia Minor, he commenced negotiations with the Lacedae- 
monians (Hellen. 3, 1, 1,). With their customary prudence, 
however, they were unwilling to engage in open hostilities 
with Persia, and confined themselves to such secret assistance 
as they were able to afford to Cyrus, permitting him to enlist 
troops in Greece. He now took into his service various 
Greek adventurers, who enlisted toops under different pre- 
tences. The most important of these persons was Clearchus 
the Spartan, who, on account of open opposition to the govern- 
ment at home, had been condemned to death. It seems, how- 
ever, that this reception of Clearchus was not an offence to 
Sparta, for Cyrus would have been extremely careful on this 
point; and that Clearchus even after his condemnation enjoyed 
in some degree the confidence of the Spartan magistrates. (Cf. 
Isoc. 8, 98, and 12, 104.). The number of Grecian mercenaries, 
when Cyrus commenced his march, amounted to 14,000, a 
small force compared with the myriads of soldiers under the 
Persian king, but in view of their bravery and military skill, 
a formidable enemy. The march commenced from Sardis in 
the spring of 401 B. C. If we assume with Koch (der Zug 
der Zehntausend S. 140) the 9th of March to have been the 
day on which they set out, the battle of Cunaxa would fall on 
the 3d of Sept. 401 B. C, and the arrival of the army in 
Cotyora on the 3d of April, 400 B. C. It is probable that the 
army was in Thrace with Seuthes in December, 400, and Jan- 
uary, 399 B. C, and that the union of the forces with those 
of Thibron at Pergamus took place in February, 399 B. C. 



I. 



• 



I 







If 



iw/iii ta i sfeiif 



a 




ZEN0$nNT02 
KYPOY AN AB A3 I 2 



BOOK I. 



Aapeiov teat llapvo-aTLOos jiyvovrai, 7ratoe? fo, 1 
irpecrftvTepos fiev 'Apragepgrjs, vecbrepo? Be Kvpos. 
iirel Be r)a6evei Aapelos teal virdiirreve reXevrr)v rov 
£ftov, eflovXero rco iralBe dfKporepco irapelvai. o fiev 2 



*w^ 



o 



ofo/ irpeo-fivrepos irapcov ervy)(ave • Kvpov\oe / :eT<z- Jfl 
irepmerai airo T/)? apXVS* V? avrov craTpd'irriV iTroLrjae, 
kcli crrpar7]<ybv Be avrbv direBei^e 7rdvTcov, bcrot, et9 
KaarrcoXov vreBiov dQpoiCpvTai* dvafiaivei ovv o Kv- 
009 \a{3a)V Ticrcra^epvrjv C09 (fruXov, teal tcov 'EXXrfvcov 
Be e^cov 07rXtTa9 avejBrj rpia/cocrLOVs, apypvra Be avr&v 
Beviav Uappdaiov. V eirel Be ireXevrrjcre AapeZos, /cal 3 
*>UTec-T7) et'9 ttjv (3ao~iXeLav 'Apra^ep^rjs, Tiaaatyepvris 
bca/3dXXeo rov Kvpov 7rpbs tov dBeXcpov, a>9 eVi/3ou-^r 
Xeuot avrcp. 6 Be ireiOeral re teal avXXa/x^dvec Kvpov 
&)? diroKrevcov' r) Be fM]T7)p i^aiT7]o~ajJLev7j avrbv diro- 
7refjL7ret. irakiv eirl rr)v dpy/jv. v 0^ B ' a>9 diriiXOe klv- 4 
Bvvevcras real dripLacrOeis, jSovXeverai, 07nw9 pbrjirore en 
ecrrai, eirl tg> dBeXcfxp, dXX\ r)v Bvvrjrai, (3acrCXevcrei, 
avr eiceivov. TIapvo~ari<; puev Br) r) fiyrrjp virr\pye tS 
Kvpcp, (piXovcra avrbv fidXXov r) rov f3ao-iXevovra Ap- 
raPeptjrjv. ['octtls S' dfyitcvelrd toiv irapd /3acriXeco<; 5 
7rpo9 avrbv, rrdvras ovtod BicniOels direTze^ireTo, ware 

1 



imwms til nifi iv rai in raniiii 111111,1? kiwiit. 




D.Appletan &. C°. . IWfork . 



xeintophon's anabasis. 



avrco fiaXXov tpiXovs elvav ?} /SacriXel. /ecu rcov Trap 
eavrco Be /3ap/3dpcov eirepLeXelro &>9 TroXefielv re i/cavol 
8 eXiqcrav zeal evvoltccos e^ocev avrco. Vttjv Be ^EXXrjvtfC^v 
Bvva/iiv rfipoi^ev 009 fidXccrra eBvvaro i7rLKpV7rr6p,evos, 
oVa)? qti dirapacrfcevorarov Xdj3oi /3aacXea. coBe ovv 
irroielro ryv crvXXoy7]v. ■ oirocra^ el%e cpvXaxds iv ra2<$ 
rroXecn, rraprjyyeiXe to £9 cppovpap^ois i/cdo-rots Xap,{3d- 
veiv avBpas UeXo7rovvi]criovs ore TrXelcrTovs /cat (3eXrl- 
crrovs, ch<z iTrijSovXevovros Taraatyepvovs reus TroXecn. 
koX yap rjGCiv al 'Iavifcal rroXei^ Ticrcrac^epvovs to 
dpyaiov, isc {SacriXicos BeBopuevai, rore o' dcpecmjfcecTav 

7 ttioo? Kvpov iracrai 7rXrjv MiXyrov. iv M.tX^rco ve 
Ti<7<Ta(fiepv7]<; rrpoavcrOojjbevo^ rd avrd ravra fiovXevo- 
piivovs, dirocrrr\vai rrphs Kvpov, tov$ phs avrcov dire- 
Kretve, rovs S' i^efiaXev. 6 Be Kvpos vrroXajBcov rov 
cpevyovras, crvXXe^as arpdrevfia iiroXiopKeb jS'IiXrjrov 
koI Kara yr\v koX Kara QdXarrav, Kal iireipdro fcard- 
yew row? iKTreirrcoKora^.s/ Kal avrrj av aXXrj irp6 r ba~ q 

8 rjv avrco rod dOpoi^eiv crrpdrev/ia. 77-/309 Be fiacre 
ireparcov rfe'iov dBeXcpbs cov avrov BoOrjvao ol ravra? rL 
7roXei9 /xciXXov rj TccrcracpepvTjv dp^eiv avrcov, teal % 
fjirjT7]p crvveirparrev avrco ravra' ware {BacriXev? r,)< 
fiev irpos eavrbv iiTLJB.ovXrj? ovk jjcrOdvero, Ticrcratj>e.pve. 

\Be ivofu^e iroXeaovvra avrov dp,cf>l rc\ crrparcSfiaf^ 
Bairavdv cocrre ovoev rj^Oero avrcov iroXe/JLovvrcov. xai 
yap 6 Kvpc ; direire/j/n-e rov? yiyvopevovs Bacr/iov? pj.7i~ 
Xel ex '. ujv iroXecov cov Ticrcrac^epVT]? irvyyavev eylov, 

9 dXXo Be err par ev pea avrco avveXeyero iv Xeppov)] ~cp 
rr\ Karavrarepa? 'AfivBov rovBe roi > rpo7rov.\' ' KXeap^/o*; 
AarceBaifiovios (fivyas rjv rovrco avyyevopLevos o Kztpo? 
rjydaOrj re avrov koX BlBcoctlv avrco {.ivpiovs Baoeucov?. 

' 6 Be XajBcov to %pvaLOV arpdrevjia avveXe^ev drro tov- 
tcov riov ^prjjjbdrcov, teal i7r0Xep.ee itc X.eppovi)crov op/ico- 
/u,ez/09 TOt9 Opa^l T0Z9 vrrep ' EXX^ctttovtov olkovcti, hzai 



/ \ 1/ 
BOOK I. CHAP. I. II. 3 

w(f>e\ei tovs r, EXXr]vas • cocrre /cat yjpr}\iaTa avvefldX- 
Xovto avTco els ri)V rpoipyv tcov arparccorMV ai 'EXXrj- 
(jirovTiaKoX iroXeis efcovacu. tovto S' av ovtco Tpecpo- 
p*evov eXdvdavev avTco to crTpdTev\xa. YAplcTTLTnros Be 10 
6 QeTTaXbs %ivos cov eTvyyavev avTco, /cat irie'Cpix^vos 

V7TO TCOV OLfCOC CW1 ICT1 CbG ICOl COV epyeTat 7T/30? TOV KvpOV, 

kcll alrel avrov els Bict^lXlovs ^evovs /cal Tpicov /.t^vcov 

fliUUOV, COS OVTCO 7T€pLyeV0/jL6V0^ aV TCOV aVTCCTTaaLCOTCOV. 

6 Be Kvpos BlBcocrtv auTco eh TeTpa/ao~%iXiovs /cal e£ 
jvcbv paaOov, teal BeiTau avTov fjbr] rrpoadev /caTaXvcrat 
S t7>vs avTLGTaaicoTas jrplv civ avTco crvfifiovXevcrii- 
tcll. ovtco Be" av to iv QeTTaXia eXdvOavev &ut£ 
Tpecf)6/jLevov c7TpdT*evfia.'* : IIp6^evov Be tov BguotlovAI 
g^&iLojna djpTco" etceXevcre XafiovTCL civBpas ot^ttXc'l- 
crrovs Trapayeyeauai, o)£ els IIj.ctlB&ls fiuvkofievos ciTpa- 
TQjecrOat,' cb$ irpdy/iaTa irapeyovTcov tcov UlctlBcov tjj 
eavTov y&pq. XofyalvsTov Be tov ^tvjjLcJxiXiov koX 
^cofcpaTrjv tov * Ayaiov, %evovs ovTas ical tovtovs, e/ci- 
Xevcrev avBpas Xaj3bvTas eXOelv oti irXeiGTOvs, cos 
iroXejJL-qcTcov Ttcrcracfrepvec crvv tols cfyvydari tcov MlXtj- 



ct'lcov. real iiroiovv ovtcos ovtol. 



"Eirel £' eB6/cei ijSr) nropeveaOai avTco avco, Ti]V fxev 2 
nrpocfyacTLV eiroielTO cos UialBas fiovXo/jLevos eic/SaXetv 
TravTairaaiv e/c ttjs r )(copas'< teal aOpoi^ei cos iirl tov- 
to vs to Te (3apj3apacov /cal to 'EXXrjvi/cbv evTavOa 
.<TTpuT€v/JLa m '*' teal TrapayyeXXei tco Te KXedp^co XajBovTi 
rj/ceiv ocrov rjv avTco CTTpaTevfiai kg! tco ^ ApiGTVTTitco 
GvvdKXaykvTi irpbs tovs oXkol otto /re/i'^rai Trpbs eavTov 
b el%e cTTpaTevfia, /cal aevta tco ^ApicdBi, o? aurc3 
irpoecTTrjiceL tqu ev Tals iroXeorL ^evtKov, nqtceiv irapay- 
yeKkei XajSovTa tgvs avdpas TrXrjv ottoctol i/cavol rjcrav 
Tas dtcpoiroXeis cpvXaTTet:-. . e/cdXecre Be /cal tovs 2 
Mlat]tov TroXiop/covvTaSy teal tovs cf)vydBas e/ceXevae 
crvv avTco crTpaTevecrQai, virocryoiievos avTols, el icaXcos 



xenophon's anabasis. 



Karairpd^eiev icf) a icrrparevero, firj irpoorOev Travcra- 
aOai, irplv avTovs fcaraydyoi ot/cahe. st_ ol he rjhecos eirei- 
Oovto • eirlarevov yap avrS • /cai \a(B6vTes rd oifka 

3 TTaprjcrav els Xdpheis. aevlas fiev Srj tovs etc tcov 
iroXecov Xa/3cov irapeyevero els Xdpheis, oirXiTas 'els 
TeTpaKio~%iXiovs ' Tlpo^evos he iraprjv e%cov ottXltcis 
uev els Trevra/cocTLovs fcal %iXiovs, yvjJLvrjTas he irevra- 
/eocrlovs, 2o(fiaLveTos he 6 ^TvpufidXios oifklras e^cov 
^iXlovs, XcoKparrfs he 6 * Ayaibs ottXitcls e^cDV cos irev- 
Tcueocrlovs, JJacricov he 6 Meyapevs Tpia/eocriovs piev 
oirXlras, TpiQteoo-iovs he Tre^racrTas <££u>v Ta'/f^yevero"* 
^ 0*!= *k$i\ ovr-qs.ical 6 Xwtcpdrris tgjtT d/jLcfu MiX^tov - 

g^TpaTevd/jLevcDV. *. ovtol /lev els Xdpheis clvtS dcfriteowo. 
TLjFo-dtfbepyris he Kq/ravoqaa^ rcfefa, Jfa^ p^l^ovq^ &£7<fei- 
fievos eivah, 'rj offxiffiinj&thqf tv\v .7r x apacr/eevr)V, iropev- 
erai a>s /3acriXea y ihvvaro rd^cara, iTrireas e)(0vo.)s 

5 irevTCueocriovs. zeal j3aaiXevs fiev hrj, eirel rjKovae irapd 
Ttcrcra<f)epvovs tov Kvpov cttoXov, dvTiirapeo-icevd^eTO. 

Kvpos he eyjAV ovs eiprj/ca cop/xdro diro ^dphecov 
zeal i^eXavvei hid rrjs Avhias araO/xovs rpels, irapa- 
adyyas etzeocri zeal hvo, eTrl tov Maiavhpov ttotcl/jlov, 
tovtov to evpos hvo irXeOpa' yefyvpa he eirr\v eCpvyfievr) 

6 ttXolois eirrd. tovtov hiafids i^eXavvei hid ^pvylus 
GTaOjJbbv eva, irapacrdyyas 6/ctco, els KoXocrads, itoXiv 
olzeovfievrjv, evhalfiova zeal fieydXrjv. evTavOa efieivev 
rjfiepas eirTa % zeal r)iee Mevcov 6 OeTTaXos, oirXiTas 
e^cov %i\iovs zeal 7reXTaaTas TrevTaicoalovs, AoXoiras 

7 zeal Alvidvas zeal 'OXvvOiovs. ivTevdev i^eXavvei cfto,- 
Ofiovs Tpels, Trapaadyyas ecteocriv, els KeXaivds, tt)s 
tfrpvylas ttoXiv ol/eov/jbevr)v, p,eydXr)v zeal evhal/xova. | 
evTavOa Kvpa> (Bacrikeia rjv zeal irapdheiaos /xeyas, 
dyplcov Q-qpicov ifkrjprjs, a e/eeivos iO/]pevev diro Ittttov, 
OTTOTe yvfJbvdaai (3ov\oito eavTov re /cat tovs lttttovs* 
hid fiearov he tov irapaheiaov pel 6 Matavhpos "jroTajios ' 



BOOK I. C1IA 







at Be 7T7]yal avrov elaiv etc twv /jacriXeLoiv' pel Be teal 
Bid ti)s KeXacvcov TroXewsY.ecrTL Be teal fxeydXov fiacri- 8 
Xeo)? (SaaiXeia ev KeXatvah epv/xvd eVl rah nrrjyah 
rod Mapavov ttotcljaov iiirb rf} dtcpoirbXeb' pel oe teal 
ovtos Bid rrjs 7r6Xea>? teal e/x/3dXXet eh rbv MaiavBpov 
rod Be Mapavov to evpbs ianv elicoai teal irevre iro- 
Bcov. evravda Xeyerau 'AttoXXcdv e/eBelpao Mapavav, 
vcteijaas epitpvTti oi irepl ao<fiia<$, teal to Bep/xa tepejxd- 
aai ev rc3 avrpep, oQev al trrjyai' Bid Be tovto 6 irora- 
yito? teaXelrao Mapavas. evravOa &ep%r)<;, ore Ik rrjs 9 
'EXXdBos rjrrr]6eh rfj fxa^y direyd>pei, Xeyerao olieo- 
3o/xTjaac ravrd re tcl /3aal\eta koX ttjv KeXaivcov 
iKpbiroXtv. evravOa e/xecve Kvpos 7]/xepas rptdieovra' 
4x1 rjfce' KXeap^os 6 AatceBacjxbvios, (f)vyd<z, eywv 
'^rXcras yihiovs ical TreXraaras Qpa/cas bieraieoaiovs 
Kj|l ro^ora? Kprjra? Biatcoalovs. d/xa Be ical Xoialas 
vapr\v 6 Xvpaicocrios eywv birXiras Tpia/coalovs teal 
XofyaiveTOS 6 'Ap/cds ey&v birXuras yikiovs* ' teal ev- 
ravda Kvpos e^eraaiv teal dpiOiibv rebv 'EXXrjvoov 
eTToirjcrev ev rco TrapaBeiaco, icaX iyevovro ol avjxTravres 
OTrXlrai uev /xvpioi, zeal %lXioi, ireXraaral Be d/xcf)l 
tou? BLO")£tXiov<z. V evT^evOev e^eXavvei araO/xovs Bvo, 10 
7rapaadyyas Be/ea, els UeXras, ttoXiv ol/cov/xevrjv. ev- 
ravd' e/xeivev rj/xipas t pels' ev ah 'Bevlas b ' Aptcds 
rd Avtcaia eOvae teal dycova Wr\tce % rd Be dOXa rjaav 
arXeyyiBes %pvaal' ideSpec Be rbv dycova teal Kvpo<; K 
ivrevdev e^eXavvec arad/xovs Bvo, irapaadyyas BcbBetca, 
eh Kepa/xcov dyoposv, iroXw ol/cov/xevrjv, eaywrr)v irpbs 
rfj Mvala X®P a> ivrevdev e^eXavvec araO/xovs rpeh, 11 
nrapacrayyas rpcaKovra, et? Kavcrrpov irebiov, ttoXlv 
olfcovLLevrjv. evravQ^ e/xetvev rj/xepa? irevre' ical rot? 
o~TpariCL>rai<; axpeiXero jxicruos irXeov fj rptcov firjvcov, 
%i 7roXXaKi<; lovres e7rl rds Qvpas dirrjTOW. b Be eX- 
.Bas Xe^ojz^ Btrjye teal BrjXos rjv dvtcb/xevo? • ov yap rjv 



t 



6 XENOPHOIsrS ANABASIS. 

12 7TyOO? TOU KvpOV TpOTTOV e^OVTd [AT] airOOLOOVai. 6VTCLVUCI 

d<pifCV£LTaL ^Enrva^a rj Xvevveaios yvvrj tov KiXikcov 
(BacrCkicDS irapa Kvpov fcal eXeyero Kvpcp Sovvai 
yjpr\lxa,TCL iroKXa. rf] h ' ovv ' arpaTca rare direhco/ce 
Kvpos fJLi<j6ov T6Trdpa)V firjvcov. elye he rj Ktkccraa /ecu 
<fiv\afcas irepl ai)Ti]V Ki\t,/ca$ /cal 'AcnrevStovs • eXeyero 

13 Se /cal avyyevecrOai Kvpov rf] Ktklcrcrrj. evTevOev he 
itjeXavvet, crTaOpLovs hvo, Trapacdyya^ heica, eh Gvp>- 
fipiov, ttoXcv GLfcovfievrjv evTavQa rjv irapa ttjv ohbv 
Kpr\vr\ 7] Mlhov icaXovfievr) tov @pvyoov (Sao-ikecos, e<£' 
y \eyeTai Mlhas tov ^drvpov Qrjpevcrai, oivtp /cepdcras 

\^ai)TV)V. evrevGev e^ekavvei craOpLOvs hvo, irapacrdy- 

)9a 




r Q>t ' 
l7j.fs.kh.vpov eirioei^ai to o~TpaTevfia avTrj. pov\opievo<; ovv v 
eirthel^ai ePeTao-iv iroiel/rai iv tS Trehla) twv ^EXAijvcov 

15 /cal Tcov^BapBdpcov. i/ceAevcre he tovs "EWrjvas, &>? 
vopios clvtois ei? pia^v, ovtco Ta-^ur^vai /cav aTijvai,, 
GWTa^ai he eicacrTGV tov<$ eavTov. ■ eTayQ^aav ovv cut 
T£TTdpa)V. elye he to puev he^cbv Mivcov /cal ol avv 
clvtS, to he evwvvpLov K\iap%o$ /cal ol eicelvov, to he 

16 /.ieaov ol aXKoi gt parity oL. iOecopet ovv 6 Kvpo$ 7rpa>- 
tov p,ev tovs j3apj3dpov<i' ol he nraprfkavvov TSTayijuevoi 

tl/lti-.trffaK* 1 ™ *^? KCLi xa™ Tafjew elra he rou? f/ jE\? vc? 
wapeXavvcov i(j> appwro^ /cal rj KCkicrca e<j) c 
fid'grjs. elyov he nrdvTes xpdvi] %a\?ca /cal yii 
(fioivi/covs /cal /cv7){iLha$ kcu tcls dairiha? e/c/cexa 

17 fiivasy eTrechr] heiravTa^ iraprfXacre, crT^aa f ; to 
irpb ttjs <pd\ayyo$, Tre/A^a? UiyprjTa tov epp 
Trapa tol-? crTpaTijyov^ T(ov ^EXktfvcov eKekevos 
fiaXicrdaL to, oifAa /cal erriyjDprjcrai oXtjv tt]V <pd^ 
ol he TavTa irpoelrrov Toh crTpaTiwTais' /cal eVtl e 
iny^e, TrpofiaKkopLevoL tcl oifXa eirrjeaav. i/c he • 

TOV &CLTTOV TTpOlOVTCOV CTVV Kpavyfj d'Ti'O TOV UVTOjA: : 



BOOK I. CHAP. II. 



opo/jLO? eyeveTO tol<? GTpaTiooTais eiri Ta? cr/er)va<;, 
tow Be fiapftdpoov <£6/3o9 '7roXv<; zeal aXXocs zeal 7/ re 18 
KlXicraa etpuyev eze rf)<r dpfia/md^r]^ zeal ol eze t?;? dyo- 
pa<s fcqTa\i7r6vT€S Tci oovia " eipvyov • ot oe "EXXrjves 
avv yeXooTi eirl ra? atcrjvas rfxOov. r\ Se KlXtaaa 
ISovcra ttjv XapbirpoTrjTa zeal tt)v tcl^lv tov arpareu- 
IACLT05 iOavfzacre. Kvpos Se 7]o~Qr\ tov eze tgov ^EXXyjvoov 
eh tou? fiapftdpovs (jo6/3ov lSoov.*%evTevQev itjeXavvei 19 
(TTaOfiov^ Tpeh, Trapaadyyas elzeocriv, eh 'Izeoviov, tt}? 
$pvy{a<; ttoXlv io-^dr^v. ivravOa efxetve Tpeh rjfiepas. 
evrevOev e^eXavveo Sid tt}? Avzeaovta<; orraOfJuov^ irivre, 
irapacrdyyas rpcd/covTa. tclvttjv ti)v ^oopav GTrerpe-dre 
Siapirdcrdi Toh "EXXtjctlv a)'? nroXefiiav ovcrav. ■/ivrev- 20 
Qev Kvpos ttjv KlXiaaav eh ttjv KcXc/elav diroTrepLTrei 
ttjv tafycrrrji' 686v, zeal avveTrepL-^rev avrfj crrpaTLcora^ 
oD? Mevoov el^e /cal avTOV. Kvpos Se fierd tgov aXXoov 
e^eXavvet Sea KaiTTraSozeta^ <TTaQ pLovs TeTTapas, irapa- 
adyyas eizeoari, zeal irevTe, irpo^ AdifaVyiroKzv olzeovfievrjv, 
fMeyd\7]v zeal evSaifiova.V evTavda epieivav rjfiepa^ Tpeh* 
ev go Kvpos dire/CTeivev dvSpa Ueparjv Meya(j)epvr]v, 
(poiVLKUTT'rjV /3ao~lXeiov, zeal eTepov Tiva tgov virdpyoov 
Suvdo-Tijv, alTiacrdfievos eTTifiovXeveiv avTco. evTevQev 21 
eireipGOVTO elo-/3dXXetv eh rip KcXc/elav' rj Se elcrBpXy 
tjv oooi a<ia^LTO<^ opuia LO-^vpco^ zeav aai^avos eicrehneiv 
crTpaTevfiaTi, el' Tts ezecbXvev. eXiyero Be zeal $vevvecrt$ 
elvai eirl tgov d/epcov <J)vXdTTCov T7]V t ^a t Bo\ / ^v Si,' o 



o / 



n O 



efietvev 7)p^epav ev too Treated, ttj o vaTepaia i-j/eev ay- 
ye\os \eyuov, otl XekotTroos eh] ^vevveacs tc\ cizepa, 
iirel ijaQeTO, otl to Mevoovo? crTpdTev/j,a rjSrj ev Kc\o 
Kia rjv elaoo tgov opeoov, zeal otl TpLijpeis rjieove irepi- 
TrXeovaa^ air 'loovcas eh KCkiieiav Tafioov e^ovTa Ta? 
AazeeBai\xovioov zeal avTOV Kvpov. V Kvpos S' ovv dveftr) 22 
eirl tcl oprj ovBevas kgoXvgvtos, zeal jelSe ra? o-/er)vd<?, 
ov ol KlXuees ecf)v\aTTOv. evTevQev Se zeaTe/3acvev eh 



8 xenophon's anabasis. 

nreBiov juuiya /ecu KaXbv, eirlppyrov, Kai BevBpcov iravTO* 
Bairooy orvuTrXecov zeal ajxirekoov. iroXv Be Kai crrjaa/jbov 
kcli /JeXii>7]v Kai fcey^pov Kai irvpovs /cat, Kpiuas (pepei. 
opos 8' avrb irepie^ei byypbv Kai v^tjXbv iravrrj i/c 

23 QaXdrTrjs els ^dXarrav.^ Kara/3as Be Sea tovtov tou 
TreBlov rjXacre crraOpiovs rerrapas, irapaadyyas irevre 
/cal eUoGiv, els Tapcrovs, rrjs KiXiKias ttoXiv fieydXrjv 
Kai evBalpiova. ev^OvOa rjaav ra ^Ivevvecnos (Baaikeia 
rod KiXiKcov fiacriXeoos • Bid aecrijs Be rrjs vroXeoos pel 

24 irorajjibs KvBvos ovo)xa) evpos Bvo irXedpcov. ravrrjv 
ttjv irbXiv e^ekiirov ol evoiKovvres pberd Xvevveaios eh 
ycopiov oyypbv eirl tcl oprj 7tXtjv ol ra KairrjkeZa eypv- 
res' epieivav Be /cal ol irapd tijv QaXarrav oIkovvtcs 

25 ev XbXois Kai ev 'Icraois. \ ^Eirva^a Be rj Xvevveaios 
yvvrj irporepa Kvpov irevre 7]ybepas els Tapcrovs dc\>i- 
tcero. ev Be rfj virepfioXfi toov opoov toov els to TreSiov 
Bvo Xoyol rod Mevoovos crTpaTev/xaTos dircoXovTO' ol 
fiev e<pacrav apiratpvrds ti KaraKOTrrjvai V7rb toov KiXl- 
kcov, 01 Be v7roXei(j>0evTas, Kai ov Bwajxevovs evpelv 
to aXXo arpaTev/xa ovBe tcls oBovs elTa TrXavoopievovs 

26 aTroXeaOai' r)crav 8' ovv ovtoi eKaTov OTrXirai. ol 8' 
aXXoi eirel tJkov, rrjv Te ttoXlv tovs Tapcrovs Birjpira- 
crav, Bid rbv oXeOpov toov avarpanooroiv bpyi'CpyLevoi, 
Kai tcl /3acriXeia rd ev avrfj. Kvpos Be eVet elarj- 
Xacrev eis ttjv ttoXiv fiereTrefiireTO tov Avevvecriv irpos 
eavrov 6 cT ovre irporepov ovBevi irco KpeiTTOvi eavrov 
els yelpas eXOelv e'^77 ovre Tore Kvpco levai rjOeXe, 

27 irplv 7] ryvvrj avrbv eireiae Kai iricrTeis eka(3e. j^era 
Be ravra iirel avveyevovro dXXtfXocs, Xvevveais pev 
eSooKe Kvpco %prjp,ara 7roXXa els ttjv arparidv, Kvpos 
Be eKelvco Bcopa, it vo/Jbl^erai, irapd (3aaiXel rl/xia, ltt- 
ttov ypvcroyaXivov Kai arpeTrrbv yjpvaovv Kai ^rekia 
Kai aKivaKTjv ypvaovv Kai o~toXtjv TlepcriKiqv, Kai ttjv 
yd>pav fiTjKerL dpird^eaOai, rd Be r)p7rao~fieva dvBpd- 
7ro8a, Tjv rrov €VTvyx < ^ V0)<7l ' v > diroXapufidveiv* 



A v 



BOOK I. CHAP. III. 9 

'Evravda euetve Kvpo? koX rj crrpana nuepa? el'/co- 3 

r V**. « , v, ,VVWV via* 

<tw ot 7»p crrpaTicoTat, ovtc ecpaaav xevai rov tt pocrco • v 

VTrdoTrrevov yap i)hr) eirl (Bao~iXea lev aft,' fiiaOwOyjvat he 

ov/c eirl tovto) e<paaav. irp&rov he KXeapyos tovs 

avrov aTpaTicoTas eftcd^eTO lev at • ol he avTOV re e/3aX- 

Xov ical ra viro^vyta ra e/ceivov, eirel rjp^aro irpolevdi' 

RXkapyos he Tore fiev fiitcpov e%e<f>vye to ar) Kara- 2 

ireTpcodrjvaL' varepov h\ eirel eyvco, ore ov hwrjaeTat, 

j3cdcraa6aL } avvr]yayev e/c/cXrjcriav rebv avrov arparco)- 

rcov teal irp&TOV fiev ihd/cpve iroXvv yjpbvov ecrrco?* 

ol he opcovres eQavfia'Cpv ical eormirwv elra eXetje 

roidhe.s, ■ "Avhpes o-Tpartcorai, fir) Savfid^ere, ore %&Ae- 3 

7TW? (pepco tols irapovat irpdyfiaatv. ifibl jap Kvpo? 

£ei>o? iyevero, icai fie (frevyovra etc t% irarpiho^ rd re 

ciXXa eri/irjcre ical ftvpiovs ehcoice hapet/covs' o£>9 iyeb 

Xafiobv ov/c eh to chcov tcaTedefirjv ifioi, dXX* ovhe fca6rj- 

hv7rd6r)cra, dXX* eh v/nas ihavrdveov. koX nrpoifqv fiev 4 

c7rl rou9 Opaicas eiroXefirjcra ical virep tt}9 *EXXdho<? 

eTLficopovfir)v fie6' *vficbv } etc tj/9 Xeppovijcrov avTovs 

i^eXavvcov /3ovXo/ie'vov<; dfyaipelcrQai tgvs evoacovvTas 

"EXXrivas Tr)v yrjv. iTrechr) he Kvpos iicdXec, Xaficbv 

vfias eTTbpevofirjV, tva, el tl heoiTo, oxpeXoLrjv avTov 

avu (ov ev enrauov vir eiceivov. eirei be vfiets ov pov- 5 

XecrOe avfiiropeveaOat, dvdyicr) hij fioi rj vfia? irpohovTa 

tt) Kvpov (fuXla ^pr)a6at r) 7rpbs eiceZvov ^revadfievov 

fieO* vficov levai. el fiev hrj hi/caia 7roir)aco ov/c olha, 

alpr]aofiai h ' ovv v/ias, ical crvv vfilv 6, ti av her) 7%ei- 

crofiac.y zeal oviroTe epel obhels, C09 ejd) "EXXrjvas dya- 

ycbv 669 TOU9 fiapfidpovs 7r.pohov<; tou9 f EXXrjvas Tr)v 

tcov f3ap{3dpcov (ptXiav elXofirjv, dXX' eirel vfiels ifiol 6 

ov QeXeTe ireiQeaQai ovhe eireaOai, eyoo crvv vfiiv etyo- 

fiai zeal 0, to av hey irelaofiai. vofii%u> yap vficis ifiol 

elvai fcal iraTpiha real (buXovs zeal o~vujidyov<;,jcal crvv 

vfiiv fiev av oifiai eivai timcj, ottov av (o, viicov oe 

fS 1 ^ lift 



10 xenophon's anabasis. 

epr]}jj6<; cop ov/c dp Ifcavb? elvat olfiau ovt dp (plXov 
oocpeXrjo-at ovt av eyQpbv dXk^aadai. co? ifiov ovv 

lOPTO™ QTTOL CLV KCU Vfiel$, OVTCD TTjP yPQ)fi7]P 6^6Tc. 

7 ravra elrrep' ol he arpario^rab, o% re avrov i/ceivov 
teal ol aXXoi, ravra atcovcravre^, on ov (pair) irapa 
fiacnXka iropeveaQai, eirrjveaav irapa he Ifreviov /cal 
UacrlcovoQ irXecov^ rj Sicr^tXioo Xaj36pre$ ra oirXa /cal 
rd c/cevo^opa iarparoTrehevo-apro irapa KXedp^cp. 

8 Kvpcs he rovrois airopcbv re teal Xvirovfiepos fiereirefi- 
7T€to top KXkap^op ' 6 Be Ikvai fiep ovk, tfOeXe, XdOpa 
he tcov arpancorcbp 7rkfurcop avTcp dyyeXop eXeye Qap- 
peiv, co? /caracrTycroiikpcop tovtcop ei? to heop' fiera- 
rrkfiireaQai S' i/cekevgv .avrov avrbs £' oli/c ecpr} Ikvai. 

9 jjuera he ravra avvayaycbp rov$ $■' eavrov arpariodro^ 
/cal toi)? 7rpoo-e\86vras avrS /cal roov aXXcov top /3ov- 
Xofievov eXefje roidhe. "Avhpes crrpari&rai, ra fiev hy 
Kvpov htjXov on ] ovrcos ^X eb 7r ,°o? ^a? . coenrep ra 
TjjjLerepa irpbs i/ceivov « ovre jap rjfiecs i/ceivov eri arpa- 
rithrai, iiret ye ov avpeirofieOa, avwa, ovre i/celvo? en, 

10 7]iitv fiiaBohorrfi. ore fikvroi dhuceicrQai vofii^ei i>(j> 
7}pLcop olSa' $o-re jcal fieraf7refi7TOfikpov avrov ov/c i6k~X$» 
iXOelv, rb puev fieyiarov, alcrj/vvofievo?, on avvoiha 
i/xavrcp Trdvra i^jrevcrfikvos avrov; eireira /cal hehtebs 
fir) XafScop fie hi/crjv imQfj &>p vofiiQei vir ifiov tjSi/c?)- 

11 o~6ai. / ijiol ovv ho/cel ov% iopa elvai tjjxcp /caOevhetv 
ovS* dpueXeiv rjfiojp avrwp, dXXd ftovXeve&Qai 6, n yjprf 
Ttyieip i/c rovrcov. /cal ecog re fikvofiev avrov, (j/ceirriov 
[lot- ho/cel elpat, oVw? cLcr^aXecrrara fiepovaep, el re 
r.drj So/cel drrikpai, ottcds do~<paXkarara airipkv, /cal 
ottcos ra eirVTTjoeta e^o/xev dvev yap tovtcdp ovre 

12 crrparrjyov ovre IScoorov 8(peXG<; ovBip. 6 5' dprjp 
7roXXov fiep d^ios <biXo<$ S ap <f)lXo$ f}, %aXe7rd>raro<; 
h e^Opb^ 3 av TroXkfico? fj. e^eo Se hvvafiip /cal rretyjv 
/cal 17T1T i/cr)v /cab vavn/crjv, r)p irdpres 6p,oiG)? opoj/ikp re 



BOOK I. CHAP. III. 11 

• Kal eirtardfJueOa' /cat yap ovBe iroppco: BoKovjiev p,oi 
avrov Ka6?i<jQai • coare copa Xeyecv 6, ri rt? yLyvcoa/ceo 
apivTov eXvai. ravra eliroov eiravaaro. ex Be rovrov 13 
dvccrravro fit <jjlIv ex rod avrojxdrov, Xe^oyre? a iycyvcD- 
cricov, ol Be xal vir i/celvou eyxeXevaroi, eircBecxvvvres, 
cia eoij r) diropla dvev rrjs Kvpov yvGQ/Arjs Kal pueveiv 
Kal diuevai. }C els Be Bt) elire, Trpoaproiov/uLevos airevBeiv 14 
a)? rdyitrra rropeveaOat et9, rr)v 'EXXaBa, arparrjyovs 
fjiev eXeaOau aXXovs co? rdyiara, el fir} (3ovXerat 
KXeap^os dirdyecv^ ra S' eTTLTifieia dyopd^ecrOac r) 
B dyopd tjv ev tco /3ap/3apcx(p crrparevfjuari' Kal crv- 
crxevd^eaOac eXOovras Be Kvpov alrelv irXola, &>9 
aTTOTTXeoiev edv he fir) BiBcp ravra, yrfe/iova alrelv 
Kvpov, ocrris Bid cptXca^ T?}? ycopa? arrd^ei' edv Be 
firjBe r/ye/xova BcBS, avvrdrreaOai rrjv rayjucrnqv, irifi- 
yjrao Be Kal TrpoxaraXr ! 'tyofievov<; rd dxpa, 07ra)9 fir) 
<fi9d<TQ)crc firjre Kvpo$ fir]re ol KiXixes KaraXa(36vres, 
cov ttoXXovs Kal TroXXa y^piqfiara eypfiev dvrjprraxores. 
outo9 fiev Brj rotavra elrre' aerd Be rovrov KXeap^os 
elire roaoyrov.^ JiV [lev ar parity ))aovr a ifie ravryv 15 
frjv crrparrfyiav p,r)Bels v/itov 2 v f7€ Tft) ' 7roXXdfydp evo- 

ortffi-5 
Kal dpyecrQai e*irio-ra'\iai 009 ris Kal ciXXo? fidXiara 
dvdpco7TQ)V.Vfierd rovrov aXXos avea.rrj, eTriBeixvv? fiev is 
rrjv euqBhiav rod ra rrXola aJreiv xeXevovros, wcnrep 
rraXtv rpv crroXov Kvpov fi7] 7rd(,ob{ievov, eircBeLfcvvs 
Be co? ev-qOes ecrj r)yep,6va alrelv rrapd rovrov, tp Xv- 
fjuaivo/j/dOa rrw rrpd^tv. el Be Kal rco r/yefiovt irio-rev- 
aojxev co av Kvpos BiBco, rl xcoXvei ;cal rd dxpa jjpuv 
KeXeveiv Kvpov irpoKaraXaft^dveiv ; iyco yap okvoltjv V7 
[lev av eh rd rrXola e/i/Saiveiv a i)jJLiv Boltj, /xy 7]fid^ 
avrais rals rpuipecn, KdraBvcrrj, <f)o/3oif!<r)v B\ av rS 
ijye/jbovi co av oou] eizeacai, pai ?]fia<> ayayy ouev ov% 



pio, bfa&0 e P°\7°vT£*mi 7roL7]jioi/' C09 oe,Jip ai/bpo ov 
av eXrjcrtfe iteiaopcki y bvvarov fiaXtcrta, Iva eidrjre 01 



12 XENOPHOlSr's ANABASIS. 



AAw .». _ ^. _ ~ 






otcw re earai e^eXdelv, /3ovXoip,r)v S' avJxKovro^ anriwv 
Kvpov XaOelv avrbv direXOwv ' b ov Bvvarov eanv. 

18 dXX iyco <f)7]/M- ravra fiev <fiXvapla<$ elvai' BokcI Be fxoi 
avSpas eXOovra^, 7rpo? Kvpov. , o'inves errurriBeboi crvv 

/Lffift'f KXeap^a) epcorav eiceivov, %b povXerai rjp,iv %pr)crucu' 

^KaX eav fxev r) Trpd^is r) iraparrXrjo-La olanrep /cai rrpb- 

crdev i^prjro to £9 %evobs, errecrQai /cal r)pbd<;, /cal pJq 

19 KaKiovs elvav t&v rrpoaOev^rovrcp o-vvava/3dvrcov • eav 
Be pbel^cov 77 Trpa^Ls 777? irpoorQev (palvr/rat teal eiri- 
rrovcorepa real eirmwovvoripa, d^bovv rj nrelaavra rjfias 
ayew rj nreiaOevra 7rpo? <pbXlav a§ikvai\ ovroy yap 
fcal errbpbevob av tyiXot avrS teal irpbOvpLoi eirolpbeOa 
teal airiovres dacfiaXcbs av dirioip.ev 0, n S' av 7rpb$ 
ravra Xeyy, dirayyeTXai Bevpo' r)p,ds S' d/covcravra^ 

«:0n<J2O Trpo? ravra j3ovXeveadab. kSotje ravra, /cal avBpas ' 
eXb/ievob avv KXedp^qy irepmovo-iv, 01 rjpcorcov Kvpov 
ra Bo^avra rfj err par ba. f6 S' airercplvaro, on atcovoi 
'Af3po/copLav, eyOpbv dvBpa, iirl tw Ev<ppdrrj irorapbS 
eivai, amkyovra BcoBe/ca erraOpbov^' 7rpo? rovrov ovv 
€(prj j3ovXea6ab eXOelv /cav fiev f\ i/cel, rrpv Siktjv ecprj 
Xprj^eiv emdelvai avr(p x .i)v Be (f)evyrj, rj/jLels ifcel 727309 

21 ravra jBovXevcropbeOa. ^ciKOvaavres he ravra ol alperoi 
dvayyeXXovcrb rols crrparccorai^' rols Be viro-Yia fiei \ 
r)v, on ayei 7rpo9 paaiXea, op,cos be eoo/cet, eireauai. 
nrpoaairovai Be yuiaQov ■ Be Kvpos virio-yyelrai i]\xib- 
Xiov rracn Bd>areiv€>v izDorepov ecpepov, dvrl BapetKov 
rpta rj/jbtBapeiKa rod fiTjvos rS crrparcoorrj' on Be erri 
(SacnXea ay 01 ohBe evravda r\novcrev ovhels ev ye ru> 
(fcavepw. 

4 *Evrev0ev e^eXavvei araOpbov^ Bvo, rrapacrdyya^ 

Beica, eirl rbv Wdpov irorapbov, ov rjv rb evpos rpia 
irXeOpa. evrevOev e^eXavveu araOpubv eva, rrapacrdyyas 
irevre, eirl rbv Uvpapuov rrorapbov, ov*rb evpo<$ crrdSwv. 
evrevOev e^eXavvet, araOpbovs Bvo, irapaadyyas rrevre- 



BOOK I. CHAP. IY. 13 

tcaihena, ek 'JWov?, rrjs KCXucias eaxdrrjv uo\iv, 
eirl rfj SaXdrrr} olicovpLevrjv, pueydX^v ical evBalfiova, 
ivravOa epueivav rjpuepas rpels • ical Kvpqj irapqaav al 2 
i/c TleKO'ird^vrjaov vrjes rpidicovra teal irevre ical eir 
j — avral<; vavapyos HvOayopas AatceBaipibvios. ffyeiro B' 
avrcov Ta/icbs Alyvirrios e'f 'Eepecrov, e^cov vavs erepas . 
Kvpov irevre ical ettcocrLV, at? eiroXioptcei, MlXrjrov, on 
TicrcrafyepveL cptXr] rjv, koX avveiroXepuei Kvpco irpos 
avrbv.^kirapr\v Be ical Xeipicrocpos AatceBaipiovios eirl 3 
v-twi' ve&v, pier dire purr os virb Kvpov, eirrafcocriov<; eywv 
oirXiras, o)V earparrjyet irapa &vp<p. ai oe vrjes wp- 
/jLovv irapa rrjv Kvpov ct/ctjv^v. ivravda tcai ol Trap 
^AfBpokipia jjLio-9o(j)6poi, r, EXXr]ve<; dirocrrdvres r)X6ov 
irapa Kvpov, rerpatcbcnoi oirXlrac, ical crvvecrrparevovro 
eirl fiacnXea. evrevOev e^eXavveo crraOpubv eva, irapa- 4 
cdyyas irevre, eirl irvXas rfjs KiXuclas ical rrjs Xvpias. 
f/.VU v)o~av Be ravra Bvo reLyr}' ical rb puev eacoOev rb irpb 
tt}9 KikiKias Xvevvecris elye ical KiKlkcov (pvXatcry rb 
Be e%(o rb irpb rrjs Xvpias fiacriXecos eXeyero cpvXatcrj 
(pvXdrreiv. Bed fiecrov Be pel rovrcov irorapib; Kdpcros 
ovopia, evpos irXeOpov. dirav Be rb puecrov rebv reiyjhv 
rjaav crrdBioL r pels' ical irapeXOelv ovk r)v fiia- rjv yap 
7] irdpoBos arevrj teal rd reiyr\ et? r?]V QdXarrav tcaOrj- 
Kovra, virepOev S' rjaav irerpao r)Xlj3aroi' eirl Be Tot? 
reiyecriv dpuf)orepoi<; efyeicrrrpcecrav irvXac. ravrrjs 5 
eve/ca rr}<; irapoBov Kvpos ra<? vav<s pLereirepb-^jraro, oVw? 
oirXiras dirol3cj3dcrecev eccro) ical e^co rcov irvXwv, ical 
fiiaad/jLevot, rovs iroXepblovs irapeXOocev, el (pvXdrroiev 
iirl rals XvplaLs irvXais, oirep wero iroi^aeiv 6 Kvpos 
rbv Aftpo/copbav, e^ovra iroXv crrpdrevpia. y ^AjBpoKopLa^ 
Be ov rovr eiroiiqcrev, aAV iirel rjKovae Kvpov ev KlXl- 
kicl ovra, dvaarpe-^ra; etc <&olvlic7}<; irapa ftacriXea dirrj- 
Xavvev, eywv, a>? eXeyero, rpidicovra pvpidBa^ arparia^. 
evrevOev e^eXavveu Bid Xvpla? araOj-ibv eva, irapacrdyyas 6 



14 xenophoin's anabasis. 

fa 

irevre, els MvptavBov, rrbXiv ol/covfievr]v virb <&oivlr 
fccov irrl rfj QaXdrryr ifi7rcptov 8' yv to ywpiov /cal 
cop/xovv avrbQi bX/cdBes TroXXaL evravQ* ep^eivav 

7 rj/juepas eirrd' /cal {lev las 6 'Ap/cds, arparrjyos, ical 
Uatricov 6 Meyapevs epLpdvres els rrXolov /cal rd irXel- 
crrov d^ia evOejievoi drrerrXevcrav, cos puev rocs TrXet- 
arois ehotcovv, cf)i\GTLfi7]6 eyres, on rovs err pandoras 
avrcov rovs rrapd KXeap^ov aTreXdovras, cbs drnovras 
els rrjv *EXXd$a rrdXtv /cal ov 7rpbs /3acriXea, eta Kv- 
pos rbv KXeapxpv e^ecv. errel S' rjcrav depavets, SirjXde 
Xoyos, on .8 ico /ce i avrovs Kvpos rpnqpeai' ical ol fiev 
evyovro cos BoXlovs ovras avrovs Xrjc^Orjvai, ol S' 

8 wtcreipov, el aKcoaoivro. 'J Kvpos Be crvyicaXecras rovs 
o-rparrjyovs elrrev 'ATroXeXdiiracriv rjfids aevtas xal 
Hacricov. dXA? ev ye fievroc e7ncrrdcr0cocrav, on ovre 
drroBeBpaicacTiV' oloa <ydp otttj oiyovrai' ovre dnro- 
7re<fcevyao~iv e%co yap rpt/jpeis coo-re eXetv rb etcelvcov 
ttXoZov. dXXa fid rovs Qeovs ov/c eycoye avrovs Bcco^co, 
ovB^ epec ovBels, cos eyco, ecos f*ev dv Trapfj res, ^pCopuoA; 
eireiBdv he dmevai /SovXyrai,, avXXa/3cov kgX avrovs 
tcafctos rroico /cal rd ^pij/xara dirocrvXco. dXXa uovrcov, 
elBores, ore /ca/clovs elcrl rrepl i)fids r) r)/nels rrepl e/cei- 
vous. fcalroc e^o) ye avrcov /cal re/cva /cal yvvaltcas ev 
TpdXXeac c^povpovfieva' dXX' ovBe rovrcov crrepi'jcrov- 
rai, dX)C drroXifaovrac rrjs rrpbcrOev eve/ca nrepl ejjue 

9 dperrjs. /cal 6 fiev ravra elrrev ol Be "EXXrjves, et 
ns /cal dOv/jLorepos r)v rrpbs rrjv dvd/3acnv, d/covovres 
ri)v Kvpov dperrjv ijBiov ical irpoOvpLorepov crvp€7f&- 
pevovro. 

y Merd ravra Kvpos e^eXavvei araOfiovs rerrapas, 

frrapacrdyyas ec/cocnv, eirl rbv XdXov rrora^ov, ovra rb 

evpos rrXeOpov, 7rXr}pri S' l^Ovcov fxeydXcov ical irpaecov, 

ovs ol Xvpoi rSeou? evopuiCpv /cal dSc/ceiv ov/c elcov, ovhe 

rds rrepLcrrepds. al Be /ccofiai,, ev als eaKrjvovv, Uapv- 



BOOK I. CHAP. IV. 15 

aaTiSos rjaav, eh ^oovrjv SeSofbivcu. I ivrevdev e^eXavvei 10 
crraOfiovs irevre, irapaadyya^ rpcaKovra, eVl ra? irrj- 
70.9 tov Aapa&cLfcos iroTapiov, ov to evpos irXeOpov. 
evravOa rjaav to, BeXeavos (3aaiXeia tov ^vpias 
ap%avTO<$, Kal irapaBeuaos irdvv fjueyas Kal koXos, e%cov 
TravTa, oaa copai cpvovac Kvpos o clvtov e^eKoye 
Kal tcl (BaaiXeta KaTeKavaev. \ evTevOev e^eXavvec aTa- 1 1 
6/jLOvs Tpets, irapaadyyas irevTeKaiBeKa, eirl tov Ev- 
(f>pdT7]v iroTapiov, ovtcu to evpos TeTTapcov aTaSlcov ■ • 
Kal iroXis ai)To9i w/cecTO /xeydXr] Kal evSatixcov Sd^a- 
/co? ovofiaTC. ivTavda epieivav ^[lepa^ irevTe' Kal 
Kvpos fzeTaTre/A'^rdfievos tovs aTpaTrjyov? twv 'EXXtj- 
vcov eXeyev, otl t) 0S09 eaoiTO tt/3o? /3aaiXea jxeyav 
eh BafivXcova' Kal KeXeveo avToij<; Xeyecv TavTa Toh 
o-TpaTicioTaLs Kal dvaireiQeiv eireaOat. 1/ ol Se irotrj- 12 
cravTes €KKXr/aiav dirrjyyeXXov TavTa' 01 he aTpaTtco- 
Tai eyaXeriraivov Toh aTpaTTiyoh, Kal efyaaav avTOV? 
irdXai TavT elooTas KpvirTeiv, Kal ovk ecfraaav Ikvai, 
eav fjurj ti<$ avToh ^py'ifiaTa BtBcp, wairep Kal Toh irpo- 
* Tepocs [xeTa Kvpov dvafiaau irapd tov iraTepa tov 
Kvpov, Kal TavTa ovk eirl fid^r/v Iovtcov, dXXd KaXovv- 
to^ tov iraTpos Kvpov. ^ Tama 01 aTpaTrjyol Kvpco 13 
a7n]yyeXXov 6 S' v'Trea^eTO dvBpl eKaaTcp Bcoaetv 
irevTe dpyvplov pva$, eirav eh BaJ3vX6ova rjKcoai, Kal 
tov pnaObv evTeXrj f^e^pc av /caTaaTijarj tov<? (l EXXiivas 
eh 'Icovlav irdXiv. to [jlIv 8?) ttoXv tov 'EXXtjvckov 
ovTcos e7reiaur}. IVlevcov be nrpiv ci)Xov eivai, ti ttoit}- 
crovaiv 01 ciXXot crTpaTioiTai, iroTepov e^JrovTac Kvpcp 
y) ov, crvveXe^e to avTov crTpaTevfia %oiph twv dXXcov 
Kal eXe^e TaBe. "Avhpes, eav jioi ireiaOrjTe, ovTe klv- 14 
hvvevcravTes ovTe TrovrjcravTes tcov dXXcov irXeov irpoTi- 
fjL7]aecr6e CTpaTicoTcov virb Kvpov. tl ovv KeXeveo 
TTO'Jqo-ai ; vvv BelTai Kvpos eirecrOai tov<$ "EXXrjvas 
€7rl fiacriXea' eytb ovv <pj]fii v/icis yjpr\vai Biafir\vai tov 



16 XENOPHON S ANABASIS. 

Evcppdrrjv irorafibv irpXv BrjXov elvcu, 6, n ol dXXoi 

15 "EXXrjves dnroKpivovvrai Kvpw. r)v fiev yap tyr)<j)[- 
crcovrau eireorOai, v/ieis Bo^ere airioi elvcu ap^avres rov 
BiajBalveiv, KaX &>9 irpoOvpuordroi^ ovcriv v/jliv ydpiv 
eicrerai Kvpos /ecu diroBdyaeu' errlcrrarai S' el rt? teal 
aXXof t)v S' diro^r^lcrcovraL ol dXXoi, diriixev p,ev 
airavTes rovjMiraXiv, vjjLlv Be co? julovois 7rei9o[ievoi<$ 
mcrrordroi^ yjpr}<reTai /ecu et? cf)povpia /ecu et? Xo%a- 
•yla<;, teal aXXov ovtlvos dv BerjcrOe olBa ore co? cf)lXov 

16 rev^ecrde Kvpov. a/covaavres ravra eireiOovro kcu 
Bieftrjcrav nrpXv rov? aXXovs diroKplvacrQai. Kvpo? 8' 
eirel yaOero 8taf3e{3r)K6ras, rjcrOrj re icaX reo crrparev- 
fiari 7re/jLyfra$ TXovv elirev. 'Eyco fiev, c5 dvBpe<;, rjBrj 
vfias eiraivo)' O7rco? Be KaX vpuel^ epue eiraiveaere e/iol 

17 /AeXr)(TeL±r} firjKeri fie Kvpov vofjul^ere. ol fjuev Br) arpa- 
rccorao ev eknricn fieydXais oWe? ev^ovro avrbv evrv- 
%r)cray Mevcovc Be kcu Baypa eXeyero irepwJjscu fieya- 
XoTTperrw^. ravra Be iroLrjcras Bie/3aive' crvveiirero Be 
KaX ro dXXo arpdrevfia avrS airav KaX rwv 8ta/3ai,- 
vovrcov rov rroraybov ovBeXs e^pe^Orj dvcorepco rcov 

18 /Jbacrrcov vtto rov irorapbov. ol Be OatyaKijvol eXeyov, 
ore ovirodTToQ^ ovros 6 TTora/Jibs Biafiarbs yevoiro ire^fj, 
el fjur) rore, dXXa TrXoiow d rore 'AfipoKOfia? rrpolcov 
KareKavcrev, iva pur) Kvpos BiajBfj. eBoKei Brj §elov 
elvai KaX cracpoos v7ro^copr)crai, rov nrorafjiov Kvpqy go? 

19 (BacnXevaovri. evrevOev i^eXavveo Bid rr)<; Xvpias 
crrad/jLovs ivvea, irapacrayyas irevrrjKovra, KaX ci<pL- 
Kvovvrai rrpb^ rov 'Apatjrjv irorafiov. evravOa rjcrav 
KOijiai 7roXXaX fiearaX crirov KaX oivov. evravOa ep^ei- 

v vav rjpLepas rpels KaX erreairlcravro. 

■^ 5 ''EvrevOev etjeXavvet Bed r?}? ' " Apaftias rov Evcppd 

rrjv rroraphv ev Be^ia eyozv crraOpiovs eptjfiovs irevre, 
Trapacrdyyas rpiaKovra KaX irevre. ev rovro) Be too 
roirw rjv puev r) yr) ireBlov airav opuaXov, wcrrrep 



BOOK I. CHAP. V. 17 

SdXarra, a-yjrivOioi) 'Be TrXrjpes' el Be ti Kal aXXo evr)v 
vXrjf; rj KoXa/jbov, diravTa rjcrav evcoBrj, cbdTrep dpcofxara' 
BevBpov S' ovBev evrjv. $r\pia Be iravrola, ifXelaroc fiev 2 
ovoi ciypiot, ttoXXoI Be ar'povdol ol f^eydXoo' ivrjcrav Be 
Kal ooTiSes Kal BopKaBes. ravra Be rd Srjpia ol LTnrel^ 
evlore eBicoKov. Kal ol fiev ovot, iirei Tt? Blgokoi, irpo- 
Spafiovres sgrTg&av' ttoXv yap jcov lttttcov erpeyov 
S-drrov Kal iraXiv, eVel TrXrjcrcd^otev ol LinroL, ravrov 
eiroLOW, Kal ovk rjv Xafielv, el pur) Stao-ravres ol mirel? 
Srjpajev BiaBe^ofievoi Tot? t7T7rot?. rd Be Kpea t€)V 
dXlcrKOfievcov rjv TrapairXrjcna tols ekatyeiois, dirdXco- 
repa Be. arpovObv Be ovBels eXafiev ol Be Bioo^avres 3 
to)v lirivewv Tayy eiravovTOi 7roXv yap direairaTO <pev- 
yovaa, rot? fxev iroal Bpo/JLO), rals Be irrepv^uv, aipovcra, 
coairep Io-tlw ^pcofjuevrj. r«9 Be GOTiBas dv tls Ta%y 
dvio-rfj, ecTTi Xap,{3dveiv irerovraL yap ftpaxy, coairep 
7repBcKe<i, Kal Tayy dirdy6pevovo~i,. rd Be Kpea avrwv I 
rjBto-Ta r)v. iropevojievoi Be Bid Tavrrjs rrjs ^copa? 
dcfuKVOvvrai, e7rl tov MdcrKav TTOTapuov, to evpos irXe- 
dpialov. evravda r)v ttoXis eprj/xr), /jLeydXrj, ovofia 8' 
aurfj Kopacorty 7TepLeppelro S' avrrj vtto tov MdcrKa 
kvkXw. evTavO^ epueivav rjfiepas Tpels Kal eireacT IcravTO. 
evTevdev e^eXavvec crTa0p,ovs eprjfiovs Tpels Kal Be/ca, 5 
vrapacrdyyas ivevrJKOVTa, tov EvcppaTrjv TTOTapibv ev 
Be^ta eycov, Kal d<^iKvel,Tai eirl UvXa<$. ev tovtols 
tols a~Ta6pLol<; iroXXa to)V viroQjyicov dircoXero virb 
XijJiov' ox) yap r)v ^opro? ovBe aXXo ovBev BivBpov, 
dXXa tyiXr) rjv diraaa r) ywpa' ol Be evoiKovvTes ovovs 
dXeTas irapd tov iroTapbov opvTTOVTes Kal TrocovvTes eh 
Ba/3v\wva rjyov Kal eirdaXovv Kal dvTayopd'CpvTe^ aiTov 
e^cov. jjro Be aTpaTevfia 6 crtro? eTreXiire, Kal 7rplaa6ai 6 
ovk r)v s el pur) ev tjj Avhla dyopa ev tc3 Kvpov /3ap- 
/3apiKai>, tt)v Ka7ri6r)v dXevpwv i) aX^trrwv TeTTapcov 
cnyXcov. o Be criyXos BvvaTai eirTa ofioXovs Kal rjjjLico- 



18 xenophon's anabasis, 

fibXiov *Attikov<$ ' r) Be KairiQif] Bvo ypivizeas 'Arrizcdi 
i%copei. zepea ovv iaOlovres oi arparioirai Sieylyvovro. 
■%+ rjv Be rourcov rcov crra0fia)v ov<z Tvdvv fiazepovs rjXavvev, 
07TQT6 r) irpbs vScop {3ovXolto ScareXecrac rj 7rpo9 %lXov. 
zeal .81] it pre ar'evo'ywpias zeal TrrjXov . (fravivros rats 
djud^ac; Bvarrcpevrov, eTriarrj 6 Kvp6$ crvv rot? Trepl 
avrbv dpiarois zeal evBaifioveardrois, zeal eratje TXovv 
zeal Iliypiqra Xafiovras rbv /3ap/3apueov arparov crvv- 

8 e/e/3if3d£eiv ra? dfid^as. eirel 8' iSozeovv avrS cr%o- 
kaifos rroieiv, coairep opyfj izeeXevcre rov<$ irepl avrbv 
Uepaag roy$ zeparlarovs avverrlaTrevcrac rd$ dfid^as. 
evOa Br) /xepo? ti, rrj<; evra^las rjv BedaaaOai. pi^rav- 

T69 JCip TOV§ TTOpcpVpOVS ZcdvSvS OTTOV €TV%6V eZCCLGTQS 
€<TTr)Kd)<S, L6VTO WGTTep dp Spd/lSo T£9 7T€pl VlZCTjS KOb 

fidXa zeard rrpavpvs yrjXocjiov, e^ovre^ rovrovq re tou9 
TroXvreXels yiT&vas zeal rd<$ TTQizeiXa? dva^vplBa^, 
evioi Be zeal crrpeTtrovs Trepl rots rpa^Xois zeal tyekia 
Trepl rals %ep<j{v ev6v<$ Be crvv rovrocf elcrTrrjBi]cravres 
eh rbv TrrjXbvj Qdrrov rj &>9 res dv coWo fieredopovs 

9 e^eteopbiaav rds dfid^as. V rb Be crv/jLTrav SrjXo? rjv Kv- 
po§ &>9 cnrevBcov rrdo av rr)v oBbv zeal ov Scarp l/3o)v 
ottov pur) eTrKJiriajJiov evezea rj twos aXXov dvayzcaiov 
ezeaQeQero, vofxl^cov, oaco fiev dv Qdrrov eXOoi, roaovrep 
aTrapacr/cevacrrorepq) jBaaiXel fJia^elaOat, ocrco Be o-yo- 
Xaiorepov, rocrovrcp rrXeov crvvayelpeaOai (3aaiXel 
arpdrev/JLa. V zeal crvviBelp S" 1 rjv rS Trpoaeyovri rbv 
vovv r) {SacroXeeos dpyr) rikiqQei puev %d>pa<; zeal dvOpco- 
ttcov Icr^vpd ovaa, rot9 Be firj/eecn, rwv oBcov zeal rco 
SieaTrdaOai rds Bwdpuei^ dqOevf]^, el Tt$ Bid rayhw 

10 rbv TroXejxov eTroieiro. rrepav Be rov Evcf>pdrov Trora- 
/jLov zeard rov<z ipfj/iovg araOfiovs rjv ttoXcs evSai/ucov 
zeal fieydXr], ovopia Be XapfidvBr). izc ravrr]^ ol err pa- 
riodrai r]y.6paKov rd eTurrjSeia, cr^eolais Sia(BaLVOVT£<$ 
&>Se. Bt^iuepa^, as elyov (T/eeTrdufiara, eTriiiTrXaaav 



BOOK I. CHAP. V. 19 

ypoTOV Kovcpov, elra (rvvfjyov /cal avvecnrcov, co? //,?; 
(iirrecrOaL r?}? fcdpcfyrjs to vScop' eVl tovtcov SiefBaiyov 
/cal eXdpb[3avov rot, eVmySaa. olvov re etc 7-1)9 j3aAavov 

7T67rOC7]fl6VOV T?)? CL1TO TOV (froiVl/COS KOl (jItOV /jb6\,LV7]<; ' 

tovto yap rjv ev rfj %dtpq, ifXelarov. ^ dp,(fci,Xe£dvTOJV Se 1 1 
ti ivrauda tcov re tov Mevcovo? crrpartcorcbv /cal tcov 
tov KXedp^ov 6 KXeap'Xos /c'plvas dSc/celv tov tov Me- 
vtovos TrXr/yas evefiaXev. 6 Se iX0cov 7rpo? to eavTov 
crTpaTev/xa eXeyev d/covcravTe^ 8' ol aTpaTicoTat, eya- 
Xeiraivov /cal copyi&VTO lo-%ypcb<i tco KXedp^co. tjj Se 12 
avTfj i)p,epa Kkeapyos eXOtov eirl ttjv Sid/3acrov tov iro- 
Tafiov /cal e/cel /caTao-/ce^rdpievo<; Tip dyopdv d^Lirirevei 
eirl T?)V eavTov cr/crjvrjv Sea tov Mevcovos o-TpaTevpuaTos 
crvv oXiyotg Toh irepl avTov Kvpos Se ovttco rj/cev, dXX* 
en r irpocriqXavve • tcov Se Mevcovos o-TparicoTcov %vXa «_ 
dy^t^cov Tt? 009 elSe tov RXeapyov SieXavvovTa, itjctc ttj 
d^ivy /cal outo9 p*ev avTOv rjpbapTev aXXo$ Se XiOco 
/cal aXXo?, euTa ttoXXoi, icpavyr)*; yevopuevrj^. 6 Se /caTa- 13 
cpevyeo eh to eavTov aTpaTevfia, /cal ev6i)$ irapay- 
yeXXet, eh tcl OTrXa" ical tov<s puev oirXtTa^ avTov 
e/ceXevcre pbelvac tcls dairiSa^ Trpbs to, yovaTa SevTas, , 
ai/Tos Se Xaj3tov tov? Gpa/cas ical tov<; LTrireh, o'l rjcrav 
avTco ev tw crTpaTevpuaTi TrXeiovs rj TeTTapd/covTa, 
tovtcov Se ol TrXeZcrTOi Opa/ce$, rfkavvev eirl tovs Me- 
vcovos, coctt e/cecvovs e/cireTrXrjyQai /cal avTov Mevcova, 
/cal Tpeyeiv eVl Ta oirXa' ol Se /cal ecrTaaav diropovv- 
re? tw Trpdyp.aTi.'Wo Se Ilpo^evos, eTvye yap vcrTepo? 14 
irpocricov /cal Ta%i<$ avTco eiropLevrj tcov ottXltcdv, ev6v<; 
ovv eh to pbeaov dfMpdTepcov aycov eOeTO to, oirXa /ca\ 
eSeiTo tov KXedp-^ov pir] iroielv TavTa. 6 8' e^aXe- 
iraivev, otl avTov oXiypxi SerjcravTOS /caTaXevdOfjvai, 
irpctw^ XeyoL to avTov irauos, e/ceXeve Te avTov e/c tov 
pbicrqv e^lcrTaorOat. ev tovtco Se eiryei /cal Kvpos /cal 15 
iirvOeTO to irpaypua' evOvs S' eXaj3e to, iraXTa eh 



20 xen"ophon's anabasis. 

ra? 'xeipas real gvv rot? irapovGi tcov ttlgtcov rj/cev 

16 eXavvcov €t? to fieaov, teal Xeyeo TaSe. K\iap%e teal 
Upo^eve teal ol aXkou ol Trapovres e/ EXkr]ves, ov/c tare 
o, tl iroielre. el yap riva aXkrjXois fjud^v Gwd-^rere, 
vofit^ere ev rfjBe ry rjp>ipa ejxi re KCLTaiceico'ty&cfdai 

KoX VpuCLS OV 7T0\V i/JLOV VGTepOV KCLfCCOS <jdp TCOV 

rj/jLerepcov i%6vTcov irdvTes ovtol ou? opdre (3dp(Bapou 

7T0\6LLLC0T€p0C 7)[UV eGOVTCLL TCOV TTaod BdGtXei OVTCOV. 

17 atcovcras ravra o JsXeap^o^ ev eavTco eyevero kcli 
iravadjievot dpicpOTepot, Kara y&pav ' eOevTO rd oifXa. 

6 'EvreQOev. nrpolovTcov icpaiyero lyyid Xttttcov teal 

Kotrpd^' ei/ca^ero cT elvai 6 gtiJSos &J? Bcg^iXicov Xir- 
7rcov. ovtol irpolovTes eKaXov koI %lX6v Kal el tl aXko 
Xp/jGi'/jLov rjv. 'Op6vTr}<$ Be, l IIepG7]<; dvr)p y yevei T6 
irpoGrjKcov /3aGi\,et Kal ,Ta 'jroXefiLa Xeyopevos ev to2<$ 
dpiGTOis HepGcov eirijSovkevei Kvpco, Kal irpoGOev 

2 7rd\e{MJGas, KaTaXkayels Bi. ovtos Kvpco elsirev, el 
avTco Bolt) 'nnreas ^iXiovs, otl tou? it poKaraKalovTa^ 
hnrias rj KaraKavoo av iveBpevGas rj £aW<x? ttoWov? 
avTcov e\ot Kal KcoKvGeie tov Kaieiv eiriovTas, Kal 
TTOiriGeiev coGTe pirjiTOTe BvvaG0av avTov? IBovTas to 
Kvpov GTpaTev/ia (3aGikel BiayyeVkat. * tco Be Kvpco 
aKovGavTC TavTa eSo/cei, cocpeXtfia elvai, Kal eKekevGev 
avTov XapbjBdveiv jdepos irap eKaGTOV tcov 'qyefiovcov. 

3 o 8' 'OpovTT]?, vofJLLGas eTolfiovs elvai, ai/Tco tovs ltt- 
ireas, ypdcpei eiriGToX-qv irapd (BaGiXea, oti rj^oL eywv 
t7T7ret? a)? av Bvvr\Tai irXeiGTOvs' aXkd (ppaGao rot? 
eauTod hnrevGiv eKeXevev oj? (plXcov avTov vTroBi^e- 
G0ai. evrjv Be iv ttj iirLGToXfj Kal tt/9 irpoGOev (friXlas 
vTTOfiVTJfiara Kal TTLGTews. TavTrjv ttjv eiriGToXriv Bl- 

B(DGL 7TLGTC0 dvBpl, 0)9 WETO. Be Xaj3o)V KlipO) BlBcO- 

4 glv. dvayvovs Be avTrjv o K0/3O? GvWap,{3dvei 'Opov- 
Trjv, Kal GvyKaXel efe tt]V eavTod GK7]vr]v IlepGcov tov? 
dpLGTOVs tcov Trepl avTov eiTTa, Kal rou9 tcov 'EWijvcqv 



BOOK I. CHAP. VI. 21 

(rrparrjyovs eKeXevev orrXira*; dyayeev, tovtovs Be Se- 
crOae tcl oirXa irepl rrjv avrov (TK7]vr\v. oe Be ravra 
eTrocrjcrav, dyayovres co? rpea^eXlov; oirXlra^. KXeap- 5 
yov Be /cat ecao) irapeKaXecre avpbj3ovXov, o? ye Kal avrS 
Kal tqIs aXXoes iBo/cei rrpon^Qrivae fxaXecrra ra>v r EX- 
Xtjvcov. errel B' ef;r}X6ev, e^rjyyeiXe rocs cfriXoes rr)V 
Kptcrev rov ^Opbvrov a)? eyevero' ov yap diroppyjrov rjv. 
e(f>rj Be Kvpov dpyeev rov Xoyov a)Be. HapeKaXeaa 6 
vfia?, avBpes (f)lXoe, 6Vg)? avv vpXv /3ovXev6pLevo<i 6, re 

BlKCLlOV i(TTL Kal 7TyOO? QeO)V Kal 7T/30? dv6pCi)7T(DV, TOVTO 

Trpdtjo) irepl ^Opbvrov tovtovL rovrov yap Trpwrov 
fiev 6 e/xo? Trar^p eBcotcev vtttjkoov elvae efiol' irrel Be 
ra^defc, o)9 etyrj avros, virb rov i/xov dBeX<f>ov ovro<; 
i7ro\e/j,r)(T€v epuol e^cov rrjv iv XdpBeaev aKpbiroXev, Kal 
iyu) avrov rrpoairoXepiOiV eTroirjcra ware Bo^ae rovrco 
rov 7rpb<i i/J,e TroXe/Jiov TravaaaOae Kal Betjedv eXafiov 
Kal eBcoKa, puerd ravra, ecf)7j, c5 'Opovra, earev o, re ere 7 
rjBiKrjcra ; direKplvaro ore ov. irdXev Be 6 Kvpos rjpeora, 
Ovkovv vcrrepov, &)? auTo? av ofioXoyees, ovBev vtt ifiov 
aBiKovpbevos dirocrrd^ eh Mvaovs KaKGis eirolees rrjv 
ifirjv yu>pav 6, re eBvvco ; e<prj 6 'Opovrrjs. Ovkovv, 
e<l>r) 6 Kvpos, OTror av eyva><; T7m aeavrov Bvvafiiv, 
eXOcbv iirl rov rrjs 'AprifieBos fico/ibv [xerafieXeiv re 
croe e<f)r)cr6a Kal nrelca^ ifie ireard irdXev e'Soj/ea? peov 
Kal eXafies Trap 1 epuov ; Kal ravO^ wjioXoyee 6 'Opovrrjs. 

l ovv, e<p7j o Jsjjpos, aoLKrjfjeis vir efiov vvv ro rptrov 8 
e7nj3ovXevcDV jjlol fyavepos; yeyovas ; elirovros Be rov 
'Opovrov ore ovBev aBiKTjuels rjpdorrjcrev 6 Kvpos avrov, 
' O fioXoyel^ ovv rrepl e/ie clBikos yeyevrjaOai ; ^H yap 
dvdyKTj, e<p7] 6 ^Opovrr]^. £k rovrov nrdXtv r/pebrrjaev 
o Kvpos, "Ero ovv av yevoio roj e/xc3 dBeX(f)w TroXe/uos, 
e/ioi Be (f)LXo$ Kal rncrros ; 6 Be drreKpivaro ore ovB el 
yevoijJLrjv, co Kvpe, croc 7' av rrore ere Bo^ae/jbe. 7rpo? 9 
ravra Kvpos efare Tot? irapovcrev, 'O fiev dvrjp roeavra 



22 XENOPHONS "ANABASIS. 

[lev 7r€7rolr)fce, tqlclvto, Be Xeyec v/jlcov Be av Trpwros, 
0) KXeap^e, dirofyrjvaL yvcojurjv o, tl g~oi Boicel. KXeap- 
%09 Be elire ToiBe. ^v/nfiovXevcQ iyco tov avBpa tovtov 
i/c7ro8c&v iroielcrOai cb?. jdy Lcrra, to? fiij/ceTi Bey tovtov 
<pv\aTT€o~uai, aXXa a^oKr] y i)jjuv to kcltol tovtov, eivai 

10 tol>? eOeXovrds <j>lXovs tovtovs ev iroielv. tclvtj} $(• 

TJ] ryVGOflJ] 6(p7] fCdl TOU9 ClXXoVS TTpoaQkaQai. fJL6TO, 

tclvtcl KeXevovTos Kvpov eXa/3ov Trjs ^govt]? tov^ Ojdov- 
ttjv iirl QavaTco diravTe^ dvaaTavjes, ical ol arvyyevei?' 
evra be etiqyov avTov ols irpo^eTa^urj. eirei be etbov 
clvtov oXirep irpoadev 7TfTddreKvvovv, /ecu totc irpocreKV 

11 vrjcrav, KaiTrep elBoTes, oti eiri Qclvcltov ayoiTO. eVet 

Be 669 T7]V 'ApTCLTT&TOV CT/C7]Vr)V elo'Tj'^T} TOV TnGTOTCL- 
TOV TCOV KvpOV O-/C7}7TT0V)(C0V, fieTOb TCLVTCL OVT€ ^OOVTCL 

'OpovTTiv ovTe TeOvrjfcoTa ovBels elBe ..iramoTe, ovBe oVey? 
dnreQavev ovBels elBco? eXeyev elicaCpv he aXXoi aXXw 
Tci(f)o<; Be ovBels irdnroTe clvtov e<pdvi]. 
7 ;A ^EvTevOev e^eXavvet Bid t?}? BafivXcovcas aTaOfiov^; 
Tpels, irapao-ayyas BcoBeKa. ev Be t&> TptTw o~Ta0fi(p 
Kvpos e^eTaaiv iroielTai twv 'EXXtjvcdv kcl\ tcov (Sap- 
/Sdpcov ev tg> ireBico irepl fiecras vvktcus • eBoicei yap eh 
TT\v eirLovcrav eco oj^ecv j3aari\ea crvv T(p crTpaTev/naTt, 
fza^ov/xevoy' fcal eiceXeve KXeap%ov /iev tov Be^Lov 
pcepcos rjyelaOai, Mevoova Be tov SeTTaXov tov evcovv- 

2 jjuov, clvtov Be tovs eavTov BteTa^e. fieTa Be^Trjv i%e- 
Tacriv d(lU"'tfi eiriovar} rj/iepa ij/covTes clvtojjloXoi irapa 
[xeyakov (BacnXeods dirrjyyeXXov livpcp irepl tv}? /3ao-t- 
Xeo>? GTpaTia^;. Kvpos Be crvyfcaXecras toik; o~TpaT7]- 
<yoi>9 /cat Xo-^ayovs to)v 'EXXrfvcov o-vvef3ovXev€To Te 
7ro>? av ttjv pid^rjv ttoloIto, real clvtos Trapyvei Sappd 

3 vcov TOidBe. 9 /2 avBpes f/ EXXrjves, ov/c dvVpcoircoi 
tLTropwv /3ap/3dpcov o-v/ijud^ov; v/ias ayto, dXXa, vojjll- 
£cov dfietvovas teal icpeiTTOVS ttoXXcjv (3ap/3dpcov vfia^ 
eivai, bid tovto TrpocreXapov. 07r&)? ovv ecreaue avbpes 



«« * * ,4Ia4 



BOOK I. CHAP. YII. 23 

aftot t?;? ehevuepias 979 fce/CTrjcrue Kai virep 97? u//,a? eyco 
evBaijiovl^co. ev yap tare on rrjv eXevOeplav eXoifirjv 
av dvrl ojv eyco , nrdvrwv /cat dXXcov TroWairXacrtcov. 
err cos Be zeal elBfjre els olov epyeaOe^dycova, iyco v/ias 4 
elBcos BiBd^co. to fiev yap ttXPjuos, 7ro\i> Kal Kpavyrj 
7roWr} eirlaaiv av Be ravra dvacryrjcrde, rd dXXa /cal 
alo-yyveaffdi fioi Bokm, olov 9 rffiiv yvaxreaOe rovs iv rrj 
yo^pa ovras dvOpcoirovs. vjjloov Be dvBp'cov ovrcov /cal 
eiiroKficov yevofievcov, iyco iificov -,rov fiev olicahe {3ov\6- 
fievov dirievai rots ^ olkoi t,rfKcorov iroir^aco drreXOelv, 
iroXkovs he olfiao Troirjcreiv rd Trap ifiol eXeadai dvrt 
rcov olkoi. ivravOa Tavkirrjs irapcov, ' cpvyds Xdfiios K 5 
iriarbs Be Kvpco, elire, Kal firyv, co Kvpe, Xeyovcri rives, 
on 7roX\d VTricryvfj vvv Sid to iv roiovrco elvai rov 
kivBvvov irpocriovros' av Be ev yevrirai ri,'ov fiefivrjcrdai 
ere (ftacriv evioi Be oi>8\ ei fiefivcoo re /cal j3ov\oio 
Bvvaa&ai dv diroBovvai oca viricryyri. aKovcras ravra 6 
eXegev Kvpos, AXX eari fiev rjfiiv, co avopes, r) apyj] 
1) irarpcoa Trpbs fiev fieo~r]fifipiav fiey^pi ov Sid Kavfxa ov 
Bvvavrai ol/celv dvQpcoiroi, Trpbs Be dp/crov fiey^pi ov Bid 
yeifichva' rd S' ev fiecrco rovrcov irdvrd crarpairevovcriv 
01 rov e/jLov dBe\cpov cpc'Xoi. i)v cV iifiels viKijo-co/iev, 7 
i)fias Bel roi)s r)fierepovs <pi\ovs rovrcov iyKparels iroii)- 
crai. ware ov rovro BeBoi/ca, fir) ov/c e%co o, ri Bco 
efedcrred rwv cpiXcov, dv ev yevrjrai, dXkd fir) ov/c e^o) 
i/cavovs 0i9 Ba). v/jLO)v Be roiv *EKkr]VjdV Kal crrefyavov 
e/edcrrep %pvcrbvv Bcoaco. 01 Be ravra d/covcravres avroi 8 
re rjcrav iro\v TrpoOvfiorepoi /cal rots dXkoi? e'£i)yyeX- 
Xov. elarjecrav Be 7rap' avrbv 01 re arparr\yol Kal rcov 
dXXwv 'EXXtfvwv rives d^iovvres elBevai, ri a<picriv 
ecrrai, idv Kpanjcrcocriv. 6 Be e[X7riif\ds drrdvrcov rr)v 
yvd>fj,r}v direirejjiire. irapeKeXevovro Be avrS irdvres, 9 
oaoiirep BieXeyovro, fir) fidyecrQai, dXX oiricrOev eavrcov 
rdrrecrOai. ev Be rS Kaipw rovrw KXeap^ps c58e ireos 



24: xenophon's anabasis. 

rjpero rbv Kvpov Oiei ydp croi fia^etcrOai, &> Kvpe, 
rbv dBeX<pov ; Nr) AC , e<prj 6 Kvpos, elirep ye Aapelov 
Kal UapvcrdriBb^ eari irais, e//.o? Be dBeX<fio<>, ovk 

10 dfia^el ravr eyco XityopiaL. > evravda Brj ev rfj i%o- 
ifXidia apiOfJbbs eyevero rcov fiev ^EXXtfvcov acnrls /ulv- 
pla Kal rerpatcoaia, ireXracrral Be Bicr^lXLOi, Kal rrev- 
raKoaioi, rcov Be puerd Kvpov ftapfidpodv BeKa puvpidBes 

11 Kal ap/Jbara Bpeiravrjfybpa a/icftl rd €iko<ti. rcov Be 
rroXepbicov eXeyovro elvat eKarbv Kal eiKocri pivpidBes 
Kal apjiara Bperravrj^opa BiaKocria. aXXoi Be rjaav 
e^aKio-yiXioi iirireis, cov 'Aprayepcrr)? ypx ev ' ovroi Be 

12 rrpb avrov fiaaiXecos reray/ievoc rjaav./ rov Be fiacri,- 
Xecos crrparev/naro^ rjaav ap^ovres Kal arparrjyol Kal 
r/yefioves rerrapes, rpiaKovra fivpidBcov eKacrros, *A(Bpo- 
KopLas, TiGcrafyepvris, Tco/3pva<;, 'Ap{3aKr]<;. rovrcov 
Be irapeyevovro ev rfj /nd^y evevrjKovra pivpidBes Kal 

- appear a Bpeiravrjfyopa eKarbv Kal rrevrrJKOvra' 'A/3po- 
KOfias Be vcrreprjcre tt}? yu-a^? rjpbepas rrevre, Ik Qoivi- 

13 K7]$ iXavvcov. ravra Be rjyyeXXov irpb$ Kvpov ol avro- 
pLoXrjcravTes Ik rcov iroXepiioov irapa /neydXov ftacriXecos 
7rpb rrjs /jbd^T)^, Kal fierd rr)v pudyrp) ol vcrrepov iXrj- 

14 (f)07)crav rcov iroXepLLcov ravra rjyyeXXov. evrevQev Be 
Kvpos itjeXavveo araOfibv eva, irapaadyyas rpefc, 
avvrerayfievoo ra> arparevfiarL rravrl Kal rw 'EXXrj- 
vikco Kal rep /3ap/3apiK(p' opero yap ravrrj rfj fjfiepa 
fia^elaOai fiacnXea' Kara yap puecrov rbv aradfibv 
rovrov retype? r)v opvKrrj (3a6ela, rb /jl£v evpos bpyvcal 

15 irevre, rb Be ftddos, bpyvial rpels. irapereraro Be r) 
rdefrpos dvco Bid rod ireBiov iirl BooBeKa Trapacrdyyas 
p^kyjpi rov MrjBias refyov?. \ev6a Brj elaiv at Bico- 
P v X e< >> ^ L7ro T °v Tlyprjros irorapbov peovaai' elcrl Be 
rerrapes, rb fiev evpos rrXeOpialai, (BaOelai Be Icryy- 
pebs, Kal irXola irXei ev avrals criraycoyd' elajBdXXovai 
Be eh rbv Evcfrpdrrjv, BiaXeiirovcrb B eKaarrj irapa- 



BOOK I. CUAP. VII. VIII. 25 

adyyrjv, yecpvpac S' eirei(nv.~\ rjv Be irapa tov Ev- 16 
(ppdrrjv irdpoBos GTevr) [xera^v tov irorafiov Kal r^? 
rdtfipov &>9 elfcoat ttoBwv to evpos' iavTr\v Be Trjv 
rd(f)pov fiacriXevs /zeya? Troiel dvrl epvfiaTos, eVetS?) 
irvvOdverat Kvpov irpoaeXavvovTa. tclvttjv Br) ttjv 17 
irdpoBov Kvpos re Kal r) crrparta irapr)Xde koI eyiv- 
ovto elcrco t?/9 rdtppo^j. ravrrj yev ovv rrj r)tiepci ovtc 
i/xa^eaaro /3aai\ev<;, dX\? viroywpovvTozv (pave pa rjcrav 

/COL LTTTTCDV Kal dvOpOOTTCOV iX vr ) TTOXXd. ivTClvdci KvpOS 18 

XiXavbv KaXecras tov ^A/jL^pa/acor^v jjl^vtlv eBcoKev 
avT(p BapetKovs rpLGftikiovs, otl ry evhekdrrj dir etcei- 
vr)s rf]<> rjjiepa^ irpoTepov Qvopievos elirev avT<±>, on 
(BacnXevs ov iq^yeiTai Se/ca rjyepoov, Kvpos 8' elirevy^iiz-k 
Oufc dpa ere p.a^elTai, el ev Tavrais ov yayeiTai rats 
rjiiepai?' eav S' dXrjOevo-rjs, viricryyovyLai aot Be/ca 
rd\avra. tovto to %pvcrlov rore direBcoKev, eVel 
iraprfkOov al Sifca r)fiepac. eirel S' eirl rfj rd<f)p(p ov/c 19 
eKcoXve fiacrtXevs to Kvpov aTpaTev/ma Biaf3aiveiv, 
eBotje /cat Kvpat Kal toIs dXXocs direyvwKevai tov /xd- 
yeaQai' wcrre ttj vo~Tepala Kvpos eiropeveTo r)fxeXrj- 
yuevms fiaXXov. TJ} Be TptTrj eiri re tov dpfiaTos kclOt)- 20 
fievos tt]V irope lav eTroiecTO real oXlyovs ev Ta^ei e%cov 
r /rpb avTov, to Be 7roXv avTu> dvaTeTapay fievov eiro- 
peveTo teal tcov ottXwv tgis o~TpaTcd)TaL<; 7roXXd eirl 
djma^cov rjyovTO teal viro^vyloiv. ^» 

Kal rjBr) Te rjv dfufil dyopdv irXrjOovcrav teal 7rXrj- § 
glov rjv 6 aTaOfibs ev6a e/xeXXe KaTaXveiv, r)vitea 
naTrjryvas, dvrjp Ilepcrrjs, tcov afi<j>l Kvpov ttlcttcov, 
TrpocpaLveTao iXavvcov dvd tcpaTG? IBpovvTO too i7r7r<p, 
teal evdvs iracriv oh eveTvyyavev e(36a Kal /3ap{3api/cco<; 
kol eXXrjvifccos, oti ftacriXevs gvv o-TpaTevfiaTi ttoXXco 
TTpoaepyeTai a>9 et? /jbd^rjv Trapeo-teevacr/ievo^. evOa 2 
Br) 7roXu9 Tapa-)(o<; iyeveTO' avTitca yap eBoKovv ol r/ E\- 
Xr)ve<; teal irdvTes Be dTatCTOis acpLcnv eTriTreaelaOai. 

9 



26 xenophon's anabasis. 

3 Kal Kvpos re KaraTrrjBrjG-as dirb rod dppbaros rbv Sco* 
pcuca iviBv Kal avaftd? eirl rbv Xttttov ra rraXrd eh 
rd$ %etyoa? e\a/3e, to2$ re aWois iraai rrap^yyeXkev 
i^oifki^eaOai Kal KaOlcrraaOaL eh rr)v eavrod rd^cv 

4 e/cacrTov. evOa Brj avv rroXkf) cnrovBf) KaOlaravro, 
KXeapyps pbev ra Be^id rod /cipUros e^wz; rrpbs r<p 
Evcfypdrrj irorapuw, Hp6£evo<s Be fyopievos, ol 8' aWot, 
puera rovrov, Mevcov Be Kal rb arpdrevpba rb evcovvpbov 

5 Kepas ea^e rod 'EWtjvikov. rcah Be ftapftapiKov lit- 
rreh pbev Uafikayoves els %t\tov? rrapa KXeap^ov ecrrr)- 
aav ev ra Be%t(p Kal rb 'EWrjviKtv ire~kracrriK6v, ev Be 
to evcovvpLG) ^Apiaibs re 6 Kvpov vTrap^ps Kal rb dXko 

6 j3apf3apiKov. Kvpos Be Kal ol htiteh 'qpvrov ocrov e%a- 
Kocrioi oiifKLapbevoL &d>pa^o pbev avrol Kal rrapapbrjpiBiois 
Kal Kpdveai rrdvres ifkr)v Kvpov Kdpos Be tyiXrjp 
eyjsv rr)v KetyaXrjv eh rr)v pbd^rjv KaOlararo* \eyerai 
Be Kal tou9 dXkovs Hepo~a<$ yjriXah rah KecpaXah ev 

7 tg5 iro\epb(p BiaKLvBvvevecv. ol B' Xttttol irdvres ol puerd 
Kvpov elypv Kal rr popper omriBia Kal rrpoarepvLBia* eiypv 

8 Be Kal pbayalpas ol linreh 'EWrjvi/cd?, Kal rjBr) re rjv 
fieo-ov r)p,epa<; Kal ovttcd Kara(paveh rjaav ol rroXepbioi • 
rjvUa Be Bel\7] eyiyvero, e<f)dvr) Kovioprbs cocnrep ve(j)e\r) 
XevKT), %pov(p Be ov av^vS varepov &o-7rep p,e\avia ri$ 
ev to) ireBlco eirl iroXv. ore Be iyyvrepov eylyvovro, 
rdya Br) koI yakKo? Tt? rjcrrpairre Kal al \6y%ai, Kal 

9 al rdfjeis Kara^aveh eylyvovro. Kal rjcrav lirrreh pbev 
XevKoOoopaKes eirl rod evcovvpbov ro)V rroXepbLcov Tiacra- 
(pepvrjs eXiyero rovrcov dpyeiv i^opuevoi, Be rovrcov 
yeppocpopoi, e^ppbevov Be orrXirai avv iroBrjpecri ^vklvais 
dcnrlaiv, Alyvirrioi S' ovroi iXiyovro elvac dWoc B 
linreh, dXkoi ro^orai' rrdvres S' ovroi Kara e6vr) ev 
rfkaiGicp ifkrjpei dvOpcoircov eKaarov rb e6vo<$ eiropevero • f 

10 irpb Be avrcjv appear a Bia\eirrovra crvyvbv diz dWtfXcov 
rd Brj Bpeiravrjfyopa Kdkovpbeva' el^pv Be ra Bpeirava 



book i. chap. vni. 27 

Ik tcov d^ovcov et? irXdyLov diroTeTapueva KaX vtto rot? Bl- 
cf>pot<z €i? yrjv (3\e7rovTa, co? hiaKoirreLV otoo ivTvy^dvoLev. 
7] Be yvcopn) yv o>9 eh Ta? ra£et9 tow ' EXXrjvoov eXo)VTa 
KaX hiaKoy\rovTa. b fievTOi Kvpos elirev, ore /cakearasll 
irapetcekevero rofc f 'EXXrjaL n)v Kpavyrjv tcov fiapfid- 
pcov dveyeaQaL, i^evaOrj tovto ' ov yap Kpavyfj dXXa 
crLyfj co? dvvarbv KaX yo-v^fj iv laoo KaX fipaBeoos irpoo-- 
rjeaav. KaX iv tovtoj Kvpos irapeXavvoov avrbs crvv 12 
HiyprjTL Top ep/jbrjvei KaX ccXXols rpiaXv rj rerrapac tw 
KXedp^o i/36a wyeiv to crrpdrev/jLa Kara jxeaov to tcov 

7ro\€fjLLQ)V, OTL 6K6L ftaGLXeVS £i7]' KCLV TOVT ', 6<p7], VLKCO- 

fiev, iravd* rjfuv Treiroi^TaL. opcov Be 6 KXeap^os to 13 
fjiiaov crTt^>o? KaX ukovcov Kvpov e^oo ovTa tov \^EXXt]- 
vlkov] evcovvpiov (3acrikea' tocfovtov yap irXrjOeL TrepLrjv 
/3a<jtXeu9 were fieaov tcov eavTov eyusv tov Kvpov 
evcovvpiov etjco rjv dXX' o/zw? o KXeap-yos ovk i^OeXev 
dTTOCTTrda-ai duo tov woTafiov to Befybv Kepas, fyofiov- 
(Aevos fzrj kvkXco06L7] eKaTepooOev, rc3.Se Kvpcp direicplvaTO 
otl avTop jneXoL oVa)? KaXcos e%ot. KaX iv tovtoo too 14 
Kaipco to fJblv (3apfiapiKov crTpaTevfia opLaXoo? irporjei, 
to Be 'EXXtjvlkov €tl iv too avToj puevov GvveTaTTeTO 
ck tcov eTL irpoaibvTcov. KaX 6 Kvpo<$ irapeXavvoov ov 
irdvv 7rpo? avToo too crTpaTevpaTL KaTeQeaTO eKaTepooae 
a7roj3Xe7rcDV a? Te tovs iroXepbiov^ KaX tov? (frcXovs. 
IBcov Be avTOV dirb tov 'EXXtjvlkov p,evo<fcoov 'AOrjvalos, 15 
vireXdaas a)9 avvavTrjcrac rjpeTO, el tl irapayyeXXoL* 
6 8' e7rtcrT7]cra? elwe KaX Xeyecv iKeXeve iracnv, otl kcl\ 
tcl lepa KaXd KaX tcl aepdyea KaXd. TavTa Be Xeycov 16 
QopvjBov rjKovae Boa tcov Ta^ecov Iovtos, KaX i'-jpeTO, 
Tt? o ^opu/3o9 elrj. 6 Be KXeap^o^ elirev, otl to crvv- 
Orjfia irapepyeTai BevTepov 77S77. KaX 09 iOavfiacre, Tt9 
irapayyeXXei, KaX 1'ipeTO, 6, tl ecrj to avvOrjfia. 6 S' 
direKpivaTO otl Zevs acoTTjp KaX vckt], yf 6 Be Kvpos 17 
aKOvaas, 'AXXa Be^opuaL Te, ecf>7), KaX tovto ecrTco. 



28 SENOPHON S ANABASIS. 

ravra S' elircbv eh rrjv iavrov yozpav dinqXavve* /cat 
ovk£tc rpla rj rirrapd GTaBia BieL^eTTjv to) (pdXayye 
air dXXijXcov, rjviica liraiaviCpv re ol "EXXqves Kal 

18 irpo-qpyovTO clvtloi Ikvai Toh 7roXe{JLioL<;. &>9 Be iropev- 
ofJuevcDv eteicvpbaive ti tt}? cpdXayyos, to eirCXeaTopLevov 
rjp^aro 8p6fi(p Qeiv teal d[ia i(p6ey^avro irdvres, olov- 
irep tS "EwaXlw eXeXi^ovai, Kal irdvres Be edeov. 
Xeyovcn Be rives, &>? teal tclls aairlcrL rrpos tcl Sopara 

.*9 eSoi)7T7]crav cpofiov Troiovvres Toh Ittttois. irplv Be 
ro^ev/ia e^iKvelaQai e.KKkLvov<Jiv ol {3dp/3apoi Kal cfiev- 
yovcri. v teal evravOa Br) iBlco/cop p,ev Kara tepdros ol 
"EXkrjves, ejBocov Be dXkrfkois fir) Selv Bpofiw, aXh! ev 

20 rd^eo eireaOai. tcl 8* apfiaTa ecpepovTO tcl fiev 8u 
avTwv twv TToXe/JLLCov, tcl Be Kal Blcl tcov 'EXXrjVCOV 
tceva 7}vibyj£V. ol 8' eirel irpotBoiev, BilaTavTO' eo~Ti 
8* oaTis Kal KaTekrjfyOrj [oiairep ev lirTToBpojKxi] eKirXa- 
yeh' Kal ovBev puevTOi ovBe tovtov iraOelv ecpaaav, 
cvo aXXos be to)z> sLXXi]vo)V ev Tavrrj tjj fia^y eirauev 
ovBeh ovBev, ttXt]v eirl tc3 evcovvfico To^evdrjvaL Tt? 

21 eXeyero. Kvpo$ S' opcov tovs r/ EXX7]va<; vaccovTas to 
K'a6' aliTovs Kal BicoKOVTas, rjBopLevo? Kal irpoGKVvov- 
ixevos 77877 &>? fiacriXevs viro tcov dfi^ avTov, ovB* co? 
e^rj^Orj Bicb/ceLV, dXXa crvvea7reLpa/jLev7]v eywv rrjv to)v 
avv eavrS e^aKoatcov LTTirecov Ta^iv eirepLeXelro, o, tl 

* TTOirjaeL (BaaiXevs. Kal yap fjBei avTov on fiecrov e)/oc 

22 tov UepcriKov crTpaTevjiaTOS. Kal irdvTes 8' ol twv 
/3ap{3dpcov apypvTes jjuecrov e^ovres to avTcov r)yovvTai y 
vojJul^ovTes ovtco Kal ev da^dkeaTaTcp elvai, t)v fj rj 
lo~)(ys avToyv exaTepcoOev, Kal el tl TrapayyeZXai XPV~ 
t,otev, ev rj/ALcret, av yjiovw alaOdveaOai to crTpdrev/j^a. 

2o Kal /Sacrikevs Br) Tore fieorov e-^cov ri}? avTov arpaTia^ 
ofJLcos e^co iyeveTO tov Kupov eucovvfiov KepaTos. hrel 
Be ovBels avTa> i/jbd^eTO Ik tov dvTiov ovBe tol<; avTov 
TeTayfjLevois efiirpoaBev, eireKapiTTTev co? eh kvkXcog'lv. 



book i. cnAP. viii. — ix. 29 

ev6a Sr) Kvpos Selaas fir) oTuadev yev6[ievo<z KaraKO-^rrj 24 
to 'EWyvLtcbv iXavvet uvtlos' teal ififiaXoov crvv rot? 
^ €%atcocrioi<$ vitca tou? Trpb {3ao-i\eco<; rerayfievovs teal 
ei? (fivyijv erpe^jre tov$ k^ateicr^Ckiov^, teal dirotcTelvai, 
XiyeraL avrbs tjj kavTOv %£i<pl 'Aprayepcrrjv tov dp- 
yovia avTcov. v ct>9 S' y Tpoiry iyevero, hiaoriretpovTai 25 
kol ol Kvpov k^atebcnoi el<$ to Siajteecv opfiijcravTes, 
irXyv irdvv oXcyoc a/aft avTov tcaTekeLtfrdrjcrav, a^eSbv 
ol o/jLOTpdjre^ot, tcaXovfievoc. avv tovtols Se cbv Ka0opa2Q 
/3ao~tXia teal to cl/jl^ itcelvov ctt^cx?* teal evOvs ovtc 
r}vicr%eTO, aX\? eliroov, Tbv dvBpa opco, l€to eV clvtov 
teal iraUi tcaTa to GTepvov teal TiTpooateeo Sid tov 
Sciopatcos, w? <p7]crL K.T7)crLa<; 6 laTpcs, teal laaOai avTos 
to Tpav/id (p7]crt. iralovTa 8' clvtov dteovTi%ei Tt? iraX-21 
too virb tov ofyOaXfibv fiialoos • teal tVTavda fia^o/juevoo 
teal /3acnXev<; teal Kvpos teal ol d/^Kp 1 avTOvs virep ktea- 
Tepov, OTroaol fiev toov dfujn (3acriXea direOvrjcncov 
-Kr^cr/a? Xeyec Trap' etcelvto yap yv Kvpo? h)e avTOS 
T€ direOave ical oteToo ol dpiGTOi toov Trepl avTov eteeiVTO 
67r avToo. ' ' ApTairdTY)^ 8' 6 iricrTOTaTOS avToo tcov2S 
cncyiTTOvywv Sepdiroov XkyeTai, iirecBr) ireirTCDtcoTa eTBe 
Kvpov, KaTanrrjhrjaa^ dirb tov Ilttttov irepiireo-elv avToo. 
/cal ol fjiev cj)aac (3acriXea tceXevcrat Tiva hria^d^ai 29 
avTov Kvp(p, ol 8 eavTov eirio~(pd^do~6ai oTraadfievov 
tov dfcivdfcrjv' el^e yap yjovaovv, teal crTpeirTov 8e 
iejoopei, teal tyeXia teal ^dXXa cocTrep ol dpio~TOi Uep- 

0~6oV iT€TLfji7]TO ydp V7TO KvpOV $b* 6VV0ldv T6 KOI 

> 
7TCaT0T7]Ta. ^-» 

Kvpos fiev ovv ovtcos iTekevTTjaev, dvrjp tov Hep- 9 
crebv T(hv fieTa Kvpov tov dpyaiov yevo/jiivcov fiacnXc- 
tccoTaTos T6 teal dp^ecv d^ccoTaTO 1 ^, w? irapd irdvTcov 
6[xo\oyeiTai tcov Kvpov SoteovvTcov iv irelpa yeveaOai. 
irpcjTOV fiev yap cto irals tbv, ot iirauheveTO teal crvv 2 
too aoe\<f>q) teal avv rot? aXXots Tratal, irdvTcov irdvTa 



30 xenophon's anabasis. 

3 KpariGTOs evopul^ero. rrdvres yap oi rlbv dplcrrcov JJep- 
crcbv 7raZBes errl rals (BaatXecos Svpacs rraiBevovrai • evda 
ttoXXjjv fiev <TC0<ppQ<JVV7)v Karapbd0oi av res, alcryjpbv S' 
ovoev ovr aKovaai ovr ibetv ear-is Sewvrai o oi rratoes 
Kal tovs Ttucofievovs vtto jSa&lXecos teal arcovovcrt,, fcal 
aUov? dripa^opuevovs' (bare evOvs rraZBes 6We? p,av- 

5 Qdvovavudp^eiv re Kal apyeaQai. evOa Kvpos alBrj- 
^ jiovearafos /xev rrpoirov rcov rjXcKtcorcbv eBo/^eo elvai, 

roZs re rr pea (Byre poi<$ real rebv eavrov viroBeearepcov 
fiaXXov rreWeaOac, erreira Be fyiXiTnrbraros Kal rot? 
nrirois apiara ^prjaOai' e/cpivov $' avrov Kal rebv eh 
rbv rroXefjiov epycov, ro^iKrjs re Kal aKovrlaew^, <f>tXo- 

6 fiaOeorrarov elvao Kal pieXerriporarovV errel Be rfj 
rfkcKLO, eirpeire, Kal (piXoOrjporarps rjv Kal irpbs ra &7]~ 
pla jJbevroi <fri,XoKivBvv6raro$. Kal ap/crov irore em- 
(pepofiivrjv ovk erpeaev, dXXa avpureacov KarearrdaQt) 
dirb rov Ittttov, teal ra fiev eiraOev, wv Kal ra? GdreCkas 
dj>avepa<; el%e, reXo? Be fcare/cave- KciLrbv irpcbrov pbiv- 

7 roi /3o7j0)](Tavra 7roXXoZ<; piaKapiarov eiroLrjaev. eirel 
Be Kareirepb^Or) virb rov rrarpbs aarpanrif]^ AvBlas re 
/cat <$?pvyia<; rrjs /AeydXTjs teal KairrraBoKLas, arparr)yb<$ 
Be Kal rrdvrcDV aireBefydr], ot? KaQr\Kei els KaarcoXov 
rreBiov dOpol^eaOai, rrpebrov fiev eireBeu^ev avrov on 
rrepl rrXelarov rroioZro, el rco airelaairo Kal el ra> avv- 

8 Oolro Kal el rep viroayxuro ri, fiijBev ^evBeaOac. Kal 
yap ovv errlarevov puev avra> al rroXeis eTrirpeirofievat, 
iirlarevov S' ol avBpes • Kal el ns rroXepuios iyevero, crirei- 
aapbevov Kvpov eiriareve pur)Bev av irapa ra? airovBa^ 

9 iraOelv. roiyapovv eirel Tiaaa^epvei e7ro\epL7)cre, rraaai 
al iroXeis eKovaai Kvpov elXovro dvri Ticrcratyepvovs 
rrXrjv MiXrjo-icov ovrot Be, on ovk rjdeXe robs (pev- 

IQyovra? rrpoecrOai, e<pofSovvro avrov. Kal yap epyep 
eireBeiKwro Kal eXeyev, on ovk av irore rrpoocro, eirei 
dira^ (friXos avrols iyevero, ouS' el ere fiev p,eloV$ 



BOOK I. CHAP. IX. 31 

yevoivro, ere Be /cd/ccov rrpa^eiav. <pavepb$ B rjv /cal 11 
el Tt? re dyadbv rj /ca/cbv rronjcreiev avrov, vlkclv Tretpco- 
jjbevos' /cal ev'xfjv Be rives avrov e£i(f)epov, &>? evyoiro 
rocrovrov yjpbvov ^r)v, eare vlkwt] ical rovs ev /cal rovs 
/ca/cw? irotovvras dXe^bpievos. /cal yap ovv rrXelaroi 12 
Brj avrcp evi ye dvBpl ro)V e<fi r)[i6dv e7re9vfi7]crav teal 
Xprffjuara /cal 7r6A,et? ica\ ra eavrcov crcb/jLara rrpoeaOai. 
ov [iev Br) ovBe rovr dv Tt? eliroi, &>? rovs /ca/covpyovs 1 3 
koX aBifcovs ela icarayeXdv, dXX' d<peiBecrrara rrdvrcov 
irLfjbcopelro. 7roWa/a? 8' r)v IBelv rrapa m? areifio- 
fxeva<; oBovs /cal ttoBwv koX yeipwv /cal ocpOaX/icov are- 
po/xevovs av6 panrovs ' &o~r ev rfj Kvpov dpxu eyevero 
teal "EXXrjvi, zeal /3ap/3dpw jjurjBev dBiKovvri aBeoos tto- 
pevearOai brrot t£? rjdeXev, e^pvn o, re rrpoywpoir). 
too? ye jxevroi dyadovs eh rrbXepbov wfioXbyr)ro Bta- 14 
(f)ep6vrG>$ rc/xdv. ical nrpayrov fiev rjv avrS irbXepLos 
7too? IIoalBa<; ical -MWov?* arparevofievo^ ovv /cal 
avrbs eh ravra? rds y&pas oi)? ecopa eOeXovra^ klvBv- 
veveiv, rovrovs ical dp^pvra^ eiroleL rjs tear ear pe(pero 
Xcopas, erreira Be ical aXXrj Bcopots eri\ia % ware cf)al-l5 
veaQai rovs fiev dyaOovs evBatfioveardrov;, roix; Be 
/caicovs BovXovs rovrcov d^covv elvai. roiyapovv irdKKr) 
rjv d<f)0ovia avra> rcov SeXovroov tcivBvveveiv, orrov rt? 
oloiro Kvpov ala6r]aea6ai. el? ye fjurjv Biicaioavvrp) el 16 
Ti? avr£> (fiavepbs yevocro eiriBel/cvvaQai {3ovX6/ievos, 
Trepi iravrbs eiroLelro rovrovs rrXovauoorepov^ rroielv 
rcov i/c rov dBlicov <piXo/cepBovvrcov. /cal yap ovv aXka 17 
re 7roXXa Bacams avrcp Bie^eipl^ero teal arparev/narc 
dXrjdova) e^prjeraro. /cal yap arparrjyol /cal Xo^ayol 
ov xp7]/u,dr(ov <~ve/ca 7r^o? e/celvov €7r\evaav, a)OC eirel 
eyvwcrav /cepBaXecorepov elvat, Kvpco /caXo)<$ TreiQapyeiv 
r] ro /cara /xr/va /cepSo?. dXXa [i7]v el Tt? ye re avroo 18 
irpoara^avrt /caXo*)? vTTr)perr)crei,ev, ovBevl rro^irore dyd- 
piQ-rov elaae rr)v irpoQvyilav. roiyapovv Kpdricrroi Br) 



32 xenophon's anabasis. 

VTrrjperai ttclvtos epyov Kvpco eXe^Oijcrav yeveaOat* 

19 el Se TLva opcpr) Seivhv ovra ol/covo/jlov e/c rod Si/calov 
/cal /carcKT/ceud^ovrd re 979 &PX oi %<%>&? Ka l TrpocroSovs 
ttqiovvtcl, ovoiva dv 7T(£>7Tore dcpelXeTO, dX)C del ivXeico 
TrpocreSiSov "Vojcrre /cal rjSecog eirbvovv /cal SappaXecos 
e/CTcovTO /ecu, b eireiraTo av rt? tf/acrTa Kvpov e/cpvTTTev 
ov <ydp cpOovcov rot? tyaveptos irXovTovtnv icpalvero, 
flXXa ireip(£>ixevo^ %prjo-0ai tols tcov aTrd/cpvirTopievcov 

20 ^pijfjbacr 1. cpiXovs ye firjv ocrovs TroirfcraiTO /cal evvovs 
yvoiiq ovra<; /cal i/cavovs Kpiveie crvvepyovs elvai 6, n 
Tvyyjwoi fiovXofievos Karepyd^ecrOcu, ofidkoyelrai irpos 

21 irdvTcov fcpdrccTTOS Srj yeveadai Qepaireveiv. ical yap 
avrb tovto, ovirep avrbs eve/ca cplXcov (pero SelcrOai, 
a)? crvvepyovs eyoi, teal avrhs eTretparo crvvepybs toI$ 
<j)i~\oL<$ fcpdrccTTOs elvai tovtov otov e/cacrTOv alcrOd- 

22 volto eTTiOvpLovvTa. Scopa Be irXelcrTa fiev olfiac el? 
ye cov dvrjp eXd/jb/3ave Sid nroXXd' ravra Se irdvTcov 
Sr\ fidXicrra to2s cplXois SieSlSov, ttjOO? tovs rpoirovs 
e/cdo~TGV cr/coircov real otov [idXicrTa opepj] e/cacrrov Seo- 

23 fievov. /cal ocra rep crco/ian avrov /coct/jlov irepuroi Tt? 
r) co? els 7ro\e/iov 7) &>? et? /caXXco7no~pi6v, /cal wepl 
tovtcov Xeyeiv avrbv ecpacrav, on to puev eavTov crcofia 
ov/c av SvvaiTO tovtov iracri tcoo-pu7]Qr\vai, (f>lXov$ Se 

r /caXcbs /ce/coo-pL7]/jievovs fieyicrTOV /coapuov dvSpl vopui^oi. 

24 /cal to jjuev Ta pueydXa vi/cdv tovs cplXovs ev iroiovvTii 
ovSev QavpiacrTov, eTreiSrj ye /cal SvvaTCQTepos rjv to Se 
Trj eiTipbeXeia irepielvai tcov cfrlXcov /cal tco TrpoOvpuelaOai 
yapi^etrQai, Tavra epuoiye puaKkov So/cel dyacrTa elvai. 

25 Kvpos yap eirepLire fii/covs gcvov rfpaSeels 7roXXd/ci<>, oiroTe 
irdvv rjSvv Xd/3oi, Xiycov oti ovttco Srj 7roXXov yjibvov 
tovtov rjSiOVi oivcp eiriTvyoi' tovtov ovv crol eire^-tye 
/cal SeiTai gov Trjpiepov tovtov e/cmelv crvv oh fidXiOTa 

26 cpiXeis. 7ToXXd/ci<> Se yrpjas rjpajBpcoTOv^ eirepbTre koi 
cipTcov rjpbicrea /cal dXXa TOiavra, eirCKerjeiv /ceXevcov 



BOOK I. CHAP. IX. X. 3 



tov tyepovra' Tovtols 7)0-67] Kvpo?' (3ovk€Tai ovv real 
ere tovtcov yevaaaOai. oirov Be ^tXo? airdvios irdvv 27 
€17], avrbs S' iSvvaro Trapao-KevdaaaQai Bid to iroX- 
Xovs fyew VTT7]peTCL<; Kal Bid tt)v eTripueXeiav, Biairepb- 
ttcov i/ceXeve tov? (plXovs rot? ra eavTcov o-co/iara 
dyovcnv Xirirois ipbjBdXXeiv tovtov tov yCkbv, co? jit) 
ireivwvTes tovs eavrou tylXow? dyeoenv. el Be B?] irore 28 
iropevoLTO Kal TrXeicrTOC pueXXoiev otyecrOai, Trpoa/caXcov 
tou? (f>iXov<; ecnrovBaioXoyeiTO, &)? BtjXolt] oi>? rtfia. 
cocrre eycoye it; o)v ukovco ovBeva Kplvco V7rb irXeibvwv 
iretyikrjcrOaL ovre ' 'EWtjvcov oure {3ap/3dpcov. Te/cfjLi'ipiov 29 
Be tovtov Kal ToBe. irapd puev Kvpov BovXov 6Wo? 
ovBels a/iry€i 7rpo? /3aciXea, ttXtjv 'OpovTas eTre^ecpijae • 
Kal outo9 &t] bv o)€to tticttov ol elvai Ta^v avTov evpe 
Kvpco cfiiXatTepov t) eavTcp ■ irapa Be fiao-iXecos ttoXXoI 
7rpbs Kvpov diT7]kQov, eireiBi] iroXepaoi dXXtfXois eye- 
vovto, Kal ovtoi ]ikvTOi ol fidXtaTa vir avTov dyarrco- 
fjuevoi, vofJLi^ovTe^ irapa Kvpcp oWe? dyaOol d^LCDTepas 
dv Tt]Ar)<; Tvyydveiv t) Trap a fiacriXel. pueya Be TeKpLr]- 30 
piov Kal to ev Ty TeXevTj} tov (Blqv avTcp yevopievov, 
OTi Kal avTos t)v dyaQbs Kal Kpiveiv bp6&<; eBvvaTO 
TOU5-7Tt(TTOU? Kal evvovs Kal (3ej3aiov<$. diroOvrjo-KovTOS 31 
yap avTov irdvTes ol Trap avTov (plXoi Kal avvTpd- 
ire^oi direOavov iiayopuevoi virep Kvpov 7tXt)v 'Apialov 
ovto? Be TeTaypLevos eTvyyavev eirl Tcp evcovvpL(p tov 
hririKOv dpywv a>? 8' fjaOeTO Kvpov TreTTTOOKOTO,, 
etfivyev eywv Kal to o-TpaTevpua irdv, ov TjyetTO. 

'EvTavOa By) Kvpov diroTepuveTai t) KecpaXl] Kali) %e\p 10 
t) Betjid. /3acriXev<; Be Kal ol avv avTco Blcdkcov ela- 
TriTTTei eh to Kvpeiov GTpaTOireBov' koX ol fiev pLeTa 
^Apialov ovKeTi XorT^VTai, dXkd <pevyovo-i Bid tov av- 
tcov (TTpaTOTreBov eU tov GTaOpuov, evOev cop/j,7]VTO' 
TCTTapes B , ekeyovTO nrapaadyyai elvai tt)<z oBov. 
Bacrikevs Be Kal ol avv avTcp Ta re dX\a iroXXd 2 

2* ' 



34 senophon's anabasis. J 

Bvapird^ovcn Kal tt]V $coKa(Ba ttjv Kvpov 7raXXaKtBa 

3 TTjv.crocjirjv Kal KaXrjv Xeyopuevrjv elvai Xapbfidvei. f) Be 
M.CK7](Jia rj vewrepa Xrj^Oeiaa iiirb tcov dficpl jBaaCkea 
i/c<fievy€L yvfivrj 7rpb<z tcov c EXXijvcov ot eTvyov ev rot? 
cr/cevocpopoLS oirXa eyovres, Kal dvTiTayQevTes ttoXXovs 
fiev T&v dpira^ovTwv r direKTeivav, ol Be /cal avTcov 
direOavov ov purjv eepvyov ye, dXXa Kal ravTiqv eacocrav 
teal akXa oirocra eWo9 avTcov real ^pr/fiara Kal dvOpco- 

4 ttoi eyevovTO irdvra ecrcocrav. evravOa Biecryov aXkrj- 
Xcov (BacnXevs re teal ol e/ EXX7]ve$ co? rpid/covra ardSca, 
ol {Jbev BicoKovTes tov<$ /ca9* avTdvs &>9 irdvras vtKcovTes, 

5 ol B^ dpird^ovre^ o>? t^St? irdvres vt/ccovres. eirel S' 
fjcrOovTO ol puev (f E\Xr}ves, on (BacnXevs crvv tco crrpa- 
TevpuaTi ev roZ? crKevocpopots etrj, fiacrcXevs S' av tf/covae 
Ticrcracpepvovs, ore ol r/ EX\,7]ves viKcpev to /ca6' avrovs 
/cal ei'9 to irpoaOev olypvTai BcooKOVTes, evTavOa Brj 
(BacnXevs puev dOpoi^eu Te tcu9 eavTov /cal crvvTaTTeTai, 
6 Be KXeapyos e/3ovXeveTO Upo^evov KaXeaas ifK^aiai- 
Taro9 yap r/v, el irepLTroiev Tiva<$ 7} irdvTe^ Xoiev eirl to 

6 CTTpaToireBov dprj^ovTeSy ev tovtco ical (3acnXevs BijXos 
r]V irpocricbv irdXiv, a»9 eBoKei, oinaOevA /cal ol puev r 'EX- 
Xr]ve^ crTpacpivTes irapecrKevd'CpvTO &>9 TavTrj irpocrtovTO^ 
Kal Be^opuevoo, 6 Be /3acn,Xev$ TavTrj plv ovk rjyev, fj Be 
iraprjXOev e^co tov eucovvpbov /cepaTos, TavTrj Kal aTrrjya- 
yeVy dvaXa(3tov /cal tol-'9 ev tjj p<dyr) icaTa tov$ e/ EXXr)va$ 
avTopuoXijcravTas Kal Ti,crcracpepv7]V Kal tovs crvv avTco. 

7 6 yap Ticrcra(pepv7]<$ ev ttj irpd>Tr) crvvoBu) ovk eebvyev, 
dWd Bi7]\aae irapd tov iroTapbbv KaTa rou9 tr EXkyvas 
TreXTaGTas' BceXavvcov Be KaTeKave puev ovSeva, Bca- 
crTavTes S' ol r EXkrjves eiraiov Kal r/KOVTi^ov avTOvs* 
^EirtcrOevTf]^ Be ^A^lttoXltt]^ %>%e tcjv 7re\TacrTcov Kal 

8 eXeyeTO (fipovipios yeveaOai. 6 S' ovv Ticrcra(pepvr)<} W9 
puelov eyjAV aTrrjXXdyr], irdXiv piev ovk dva&T picket, els 
Be to GTpaTOTreBov d^iKopLevo^ to tcov 'EXXijvcov eKel 



BOOK I. CHAP. X. 35 

avvTvyyavei /3acn\ec, /cal 6/jLov hrj ttoKlv avvTa^d/xevoc 
eTTopevovro. iwel 8' rjaav Kara to evcovv/Jiov tcov *E\- 9 
\tjvo)V fcepas, eheiaav ol "EWrjves, fir) irpocrdyoiev 7rpb<s 
to fcepas /cal irepiiTTV^avTes a/jLcporepcoOev avrovs /cara- 
tco^eiav ical iho/cec avTols dvairrvaaeiv to icepas ical 
TroLTjo-aaOat, oiricrdev tov irorafiov. ev o5 he ravra 10 
ijBovKevovro ical hr) j3acri\ev<; irapa/jiei'^rdfievos eh; to 
clvto o-'xfj/jLa KaTeaTTjo-ev dvTiav tt)v cpdXayya, wenrep 
to irp6)TOV fJLa^ovfJLevos orvvr]eC. o>9 he elhov ol tf E\- 
Xrjves eyyvs Te ovtcls ical TrapaTeTay/xevovs, avQis 
waLavLaavTes errrjea-av 7ro\v €Tt irpoOvpuoTepov r) to 
Trpoadev. ol 8' av fidpfiapoi ovk ehe^ovTO, aX)C e/cll 
irXeovos rj to irpoaOev ecpevyov ol £' eirehicoKov fie^po 
kco/jltis twos' evTdvOa 8' eaTTjaav ol "EWrjves' V7rep\2 
yap ttjs kw/jL^ y7]\ocj)0<z rjv, ecf) ov dveaTpafyrjcrav ol 
d/ui(f)l ftaaCkea, ire^ol puev ovKeTi, tcov he hnrewv 6 
\6(]>o$ iveTrXtfcrOr), cbo~Te to Troiovp,evov fir) yiyvd>o~Keiv. 
koX to {3ao~l\ecov arj/ielov bpdv ecpa&av, deTov Tiva 
yjpvaovv eVl irekTrjs [eVt %vkov\ dvaTeTapuevov. eirel 13 
he zeal evTCivO* i^copovv ol r/ E\\rjves, Xeiirovcn hr) koX 
tov \6(pov ol f7r7ret?* ov firjv eTi dOpoot, dXh! oXkob 
dXkoOev iyjrtXovTO £' 6 Ao<£o? tcjv lirirecDV Tekos he 
ical irdvTes dTre^dyprjcrav. 6 ovv KXeapyos ovk dvej3l- 14 
fia^ev eirl tov \6<pov, d)OC virb clvtov GTiqaas to 
crTpaTevfia ire/jLTrec Avklov tov Xvpcucocriov Kal aXXov 
eTrl tov \6<pov teal KeXeveb KaTihovTas tcl virep tov 
Xocpov t'l eaTiV dirayyelXai. teal 6 Avklos rfkacre Te 15 
teal Ihcbv dirayyeXXei, otl cpevyovcriv dvd KpaTOS. o~%£- 
hbv h OTe TavTa rjv /cal r/\to? ihveTO. evTavQa h' 16 
eo~T7]crav ol f/ EX\.7]ve$ /cal Qefievot tcl oirka dveiravovTO* 
ical dfxa /xev eOavfia^ov, otc ovhajjiov Kvpos tyaivoiTO 
ovh' aWo? orr' avTOv ovhel? irapelr)' ox) yap fjhecrav 
ai)Tov TeOvrj/coTa, aXV ei/ca&v rj hiwtcovTa olyeaQai r) 
KaTaXrj-^ro/xevov tl 7rpoeXrj\aicevai' ical avTol e/3ov- 17 



36 xeitophon's anabasis. 

XevovTO, el avrov fietvavTes ra aicevocpopa ivravOa 
dyoivTO tj air to Lev eirl to crTpaToireBov. eBo^ev ovv 
avrols aiTievai' ical afyiicvovvTai dfi<f)l BopirrjaTov eirl 

18TO-9 O-fCTJvds. TaVTTjS /JL6V TTJS TjJjLepa? TOVTO TO TeXoS 

iyeveTO. tcaTaXaybftdvovcri Be t&v Te aXXcov ^prj/naTcov 
to, ifkelcrTa Baqpirao-yukva ical el to ctltlov r) ttotov rjv, 
ical to? d/id^as, fiecrTa? dXevpcov ical olvov, as nrape- 
cr/cevdaaTO Kvpos, tva, el iroTe crcpoBpd to crTpaTev/xa 
Xd(Soi evBeia, BiaBolrj tols "EXXtjctlv r\o~av 8' clvtcli 
b^C- jjY; TeTpaicoaiai, cos eXeyovTO, dfid^ac ical TavTas TOTe ol 
19 avv (BacnXeZ Bajpiraaav. wcrre aheLTrvob rjaav olirXel- 
gtoi tcov ^EXXrjvcov rjaav Be teal dvdpccrTOi' irplv yap 
Br] tcaTaXvcrai to CTpaTev/ia 77-/509 dpicrTov j3aaiXevs 
i<J)dv7]. TavTTjv pbev ovv ttjv vvKTa ovtco BieyevovTo. 



BOOK II. 



1 *£ls fiev ovv rjOpolcrdr} Kvpa) to 'EXXtjvlicov, otc 
eiTi tqv dBeXcpbv 'ApTa^eptjr/v iaTpaTeveTo, /cal oaa ev 
tj} dvoBco eTrpd^Qii Ka\ &)? rj fid%r/ iyeveTO teal go? 
Kvpos eTe~kevT7)cre ical co? eTrl to aTpaTQireBov eXOovTes 
ol "EXXrjves etcoijJbriO rjaav olojJbevou tcl irdvTa viicav teal 

2 Kvpov $)v, ev too epuirpocrOev Xoycp BeBrfkcoTai. d[ia Be 
Tjj y/jLepa avveX66vTes ol aTpaTr/yol iOav/ia^ov, qtl 
Kvpos ovTe dXXov 7rifL7rec ar)[iavovvTa } o, tl %pr) iroc- 

\ ecv, ovTe avTos (patvocTO. eoo^ev ovv avTots avenceva- 
aapbevois a elypv ical e^oirXtaG^jievois Trpolevai els to 

3 TrpoaOev, ecos Kvp(p avfjifjul^eiav. r)Brj Be ev oppby ovtcov 
d[Jba fiXi<x) dvicyyovTi rjXOe FlpofcXrjs o TevOpavias dp- 
%cov, yeyovcos diro AajJiapaTOV tov Adiccovos, ical TXovs 
6 Ta/Jbd). ovtoi eXeyov oti Kvpos fiev Tedvrj/cev, " Apialos 
Be Tretpevycos ev tg> o~Ta6[im elrj fieTa tcov dXXcov /3ap- 



BOOK II. CHAP. I. 37 

jddpcov bOev rfj irporepaia cop/jirjVTO, teal Xeyoi otl tclv- 
ttjv [xev T7)V r/jjuepav Trepifieivetev dv clvtovs, el fieXXoiev 
r\teeiv, rfj Be dXXrj amikvai (fcalr) eirl 'Icovias, odevirep 
rjXOe. ravra dtcovcravTes oi CTparrjyol teal oi.aXK.oi 4 
"EXXrjves 7tvv6clv6[jl€vol /Sapecj? e<pepov. KXeapyos Be 
rdBe elirev. *AXX' cocfreXe fiev Kvpos 'Cjqv • eirel Be rere- 
XevrrjKev, dirayyeXXere ^Apiatw, otl r)/j,eh vitcuipLev re 
Ba&iXea, teal, &)? opare, ovBeh en tj/jlIv {lateral, teal el 
jut) vjneh rfkOere, eTropevo/JLeOa dv eirl (3ao~iXea. eiray- 
yeXXo/ieda Be 'Aptadp, edv ev6dBe eX6rj, eh tov Qpovov 
tov (BaalXeiov teadielv clvtov ■ tcov yap /^d^y vikcovtcdv 
teal to dpyeiv earl, tclvt eliroov diroGTeXkeb tovs dyye- 5 
Xou? teal crvv avToh Xecpto-ocpov tov Adtewva teal Me- 
vcova tov SeTTakov. teal yap avrbs Mevcov e/3ovXeTO • 
rjv yap (plXos teal %evo$ ^Apiaiov. oi jjuev ay-^ovTO, 6 
KXeap-xps Be Tzepiepieve. to Be crTpdrev/ia eiropi^eTO v 
alrov 07ra)? eBvvaTO etc twv vTro^vyccov, tcoiTTOVTes tovs 
/Sou? teal ovovs' %vXoi<; 8' e^pcovTo 3 fjbitcpbv irpolovres 
anro tt}$ (fiaXayyos ou y fid^rj iyeveTO, Toh re olo~Toh 
iroXkoh ovcriv, ovs r)vdytea£ov oi "EXXrjve? etcfidXXeiv 
tous avrojJLoXovvTas irapd ^aaiXeco^, teal Toh yeppocs 
teal Tat? dairtaL Tat? %vXivaL<$ rat? AlyviTTLai^' iroXXal 
Be teal ireXTao teal dfia^ao rjorav <pepea0aL epr^ioi' oh 
irdcri ^pcofievoi tcpea e^fovre^ r)a6iov i/eeivrjv tyjv rj/jbe- 
pav. teal rjBr) re rjv irepl irXrjQovaav dyopdv teal ep- 7 
^ovTai irapd f3acnXeo)<; teal Tiaaacpepvovs Kiqpviee^, 01 
fiev dXXoL /3dp/3apoi- rjv 8' avrcov @aXivo$ eh "EXXrjv, 
6? eTvy^ave irapd Tccraacpepvet cov teal €VTi{iG)<; e%cov 
Kao yap irpoaeiToielTo e7n,ar7]/icov elvai twv dpufyl 
Ta^eis re teal OTrXopua^lav. ovtol Be irpoaeXOovTe? teal 8 
tcaXecravTes tovs twv 'EXXf]vcdv dpftovras Xeyovaiv, 
on (SaGiXevs teeXeveo Tovs f/ EXXr)va<i, eVel vctecov Tvyyd- 
veo tcai Kvpov direterove, irapaBovra^ rd birXa iovra? 
eiTL ra? ySacrtXea)? &vpa$ evptcrteeaOai dv ti Bvvcovrat 



38 xenophon's anabasis. 

9 dyadov. ravra fiev eVrrov ol fiaatXecos /ctfpv/ces* ol Be 
f/ EWr)V€s /3apea)<; fiev rj/covcrav, oficos Be KXeapxps 
rocrovrov elirev, on ov rcov vtKcovrcov elr] ra oirXa 
irapaBiBovav dXX\ e<j)7j, vfiels fiev, w avBpes crrparrj- 
yol, tovtois diroKplvaaQe 6, re KaXXtarov re Kal dpi- 
arov e^ere' eyco Be avriKa rj^co. eicakecre <ydp ta? 
avrbv rcov virripeT&v, biroos IBot ra lepa e^yprjfieva' 

10 ervye yap Qvopevos. evda Br) aireicpivaTO KXedvcop 
fiev 6 'ApKas it pea ft vt ar o<$ cov, ore irpoaOev av diro- 
Odvoiev r) ra birXa TrapaBolrjcrav Ilpotjevos Be 6 ©rj- 
fiatos, 'iX\' eyco, ecj)r), co <&aXlve, Qavfid^co, rrorepa 
&)? fcparoov fiacriXevs alrel rd oirXa i) &)? Bid cpiXtav 
Bcbpa. el fiev yap co? Kpartbv, rl Bel avrbv alrelv 
koX ov XajBelv eX66vra ; el Be rretcras jBovXerau Xafielv, 
Xeyerco, rl ecrrau rols crrparicbrais, eav avrco ravra 

11 ^apicrcovrai. 777509 ravra $aXZvo<$ elire, BacriXevs vlkclv 
rjyeZrai, errel Kvpov drreicrove. t/? yap avrco ecrriv 
oaris rrjs a/^?}? dvriiroielrai ; vo/jui^eo Be teal vfids eav- 
rod elvav, eypsv ev pear) rfj eavrov X^P? Kai ^oraficbv 
evrbs dBia/3drcov /cal irXrjdos dvOpcbircov icf) vfid<$ Bvvd- 
fievos dyayelv, ocrov ovB\ el irapeyoi vfilv, Bvvauade av 

12 diroicrelvai. per a rovrov ©ebirofirros *A6rjva2o<$ elirev, 
S I2 <&aXlve, vvv, &>9 crv opas, r)p2v ovBev ecrriv dyaOov 
aXXo el fir) oirXa Kal dperrj. oirXa fiev ovv eyovres 
ol6fie6a av /cal rfj dperfj yj)r\crQai, irapaBovres 8' av 
ravra real rebv crcofidrcov crrepr]6r)vai. jxr) ovi ocov ra 
fibva dyaOa r)fju,v ovra hfiLv irapaBctiaecv, dXXa avv 
rovrois Kal irepl r&v v/juerepcov dyadcov fia^ovfieda. 

13 aKOvaa^Be ravra 6 $>aX1vos eyeXaae Kal elrrev, 'AXXa 
(fiiXoo-ocjxp fjuev eoifcas, co veavLcr/ce, Kal Xeyeis ovk cv)(d- 
picrra' Xq-Ql fievroc dvorjros wv, el oXei rr)v v/juerepav 

14 dperr)v irepiyeveo-Qai av rr)s j3a<Tt\ecDs Bvvdfieoos. ak- 
Xovs Be rcva<; ecpaaav Xeyeiv v7rofjLaXaKL^ojnevov<;, g>? 
Kal Kvpcp rricrrol eyevovro Kal {3ao~iXel av 7roXXov cl^lol 



BOOK II. CHAP. I. 39 

yevovvro, el fiovXoiro <£/\o? yeveaOai* ical elre dXXo 
TV QeXoo yjpr\aQai, elr err Alyvrrrov arpareveiv, avy- 
Karaarper^aivr av avrw. ev rovrco KXeap^os r)/ce, 15 
teal rjpcorljaev, el 7/877 airoKeicpipfkvoi elev. <I>aXlvo$ Be 
v7ro\a(3u)v elirev, Ovrov /iev, w KXeap^e, aXXos aXXa 
Xeyec av 8' r)[uv elire rl Xeyeis. 6 8' elirev, 'Eyco ae, 16 
w $aXlve, aa/juevos eebpa/ca, olfiav he ical ol aXXoc irdv- 
T€9* av re yap r/ EXXrjv el ical rjfiels roaovroi ovres, 
6aov$ av opas. ev tolovtols Be 6We? irpay/juaac avfi- 
(3ovXev6/JLe0d aoi, rl %pr) iroielv irepl ciiv Xeyets. av 17 
ovv irpbs Secov avji^ovXevaov rj/mlv o, re aoi Botcei tedX- 
Xtarov teal dpiarov elvav, ical aoi ri/ubr)v olaei eh rbv 
eirecra yobvov avaXeyo/juevov, ore <&aX2vo<; irore irefM- 
(f)6ek irapd fiaauXews iceXevacov tou? "EXXrjva? rc\ 
oirXa irapaBovvao ^vtiftovXevojievois %vve(SovXevaev av- 
rot? rdBe. olada Be, on avayicr) XeyeaOau ev rfj *EX- 
XdBc a av avfx^ovXevarj<;. 6 Be KXeapxp? ravra 18 
virrjyero, ftovXofAevos /cal avrov rbv irapd ftaacXecos 
irpea/3evovra %vfif3ovXevaac fir) irapaBovvai ra oirXa, 
oVo)? eveXTuBes /jloXXov elev ol ''EXXrjves. $aXZvo<; Be 
viroarpetyas irapa rr)v Bo^av avrov elirev, 'Eyco, el fiev 19 
rcov fivplcov eXirlBcov [ila Tt? v/xlv ean acodrjvat iroXe- 
fiovvras (BaaCXel, av/jufiovXevco fjurj irapaBiBbvat ra 
oirXa' el Be roi firjBe/jbia acorrjpias earlv eXirl? aicovros 
fiaaiXecos, avfifiovXevco aco^eadac vfilv oirrj Bvvarov. 
KXeap'Xps Be irpbs ravra elirev, 'AXXa ravra /xev Br) 20 
av Xeyew irap rj/icov Be dirdyyeXXe rdBe, on rjfJLels 
olofieOa, el /xev Beot ftaatXel (friXovs elvai, irXetovos 
av afyoi elvat tyiXoi eyovres ra oirXa r) rrapaBovres 
aXXw, el Be Beoi rroXefxelv, djjueivov av rroXe/jLelv e^ovres 
ra OTrXa r) aXXw irapaBuvres. 6 Be <H?aXLVO<; elire, 21 
Tavra fjuev Br) dirayyeXovfiev. dXXa ical rdBe v/jllv 
elirelv eiceXevae /3aaiXev<;, ore fievovac fiev avrov airov- 
Bal ecrjaav, Trpolovai Be koX diriovai 7roXe//.09. etrrare 



40 xenophon's anabasis. 

ovv teal irepl tovtov, irorepa fjuevelre teal crirovBal elcriv 

22 r) co? 7ro\e/jbov ovto$ nap itficov dirayyeXo). KXeapyos 
S' eXe^ev, 'AirdyyeXXe tolvvv teal Trepl tovtov, oti teal 

7]jMV TCLVTO, Botcel, W&ep KCtX /3 *CLCr i\et. Ti &VV TCLVT& 

eaTtv ; ecpij 6 $>aXlvos. drretcpivaTO KXeapyos, *Hv 
fiev pLevcofiev, GirovBai, diriovai Be teal Trpolovo-i ttoXe- 

23 yLto?. 6 Be TraXiV ypcoT^ae, ^TrovBas rj iroXe/JLOV diray- 
ryeXS) ; KXeap^qs Be TavTa ttclXiv aTretcpivaTo, ^irovBai 
puev fievovcnv, aTriovai Be i) nrpolovcn TroXefios. o, ti 
Be ttoit\goi ov Biecrr}{jL7]ve. 

2 $aX2vo$ [iev By (oyeTQ teal ol crvv avT(p. oi Be 

irapa 'Apialov rjtcov, UpotcXrjs teal XecpLcro(f>o<; • Mevcov 
Be avTOv e/ieve irapa 'Apcaiq). ovtol Be eXeyov, oti 
7toXXovs <palr] ^Apialos elvai Tlepaa^ eavTov jBeXTiovs, 
ov$ ovtc av avacryeo-Oai avTOv fiacriXevovTOS' aX)C el 
fiovXeaQe avvaTTievai, r\tceiv r\Bi] tceXevei t?}? vvkto% % 

2 el Be [jltj, avTos irpcol anrievai ^tjctlv. o Be KXeap^os 
elirev, 'AXX* ovtcd %pr) Trocelv edv puev rjtccofiev, coairep 
XeyeTe' el Be fir}, irpaTTeTe oirolov av Ti vpZv olrjcrOe 
[idXicTTa avfi(pepetv. o, to Be TTOir\aoi ovBe tovtois 

3 elire. jaeTa Be TavTa tfSr) rjXlov Bvvovtos avytcaXeaa^ 
tov$ (TTpaT7]yous teal Xoyuyovs eXe^e TOidBe. 'E/nol, 
oi) civBpes, Svofievq) levai eirl (3ao-iXea ovtc eyiyveTO to, 
cepa. Kai eltcoTcos dpa ovtc eyiyveTO' ft>9 yap e'<yft> vvv 
TrvvOdvojJiai, ev fiecrqj rjficbv teal /SacriXeco? 6 Tiyprj? 
TroTafJbos ecTTt vavcriiropos, cv ovtc av Bvvaljie0a dvev 
ttXolojv Bia/Srjvai,' nrXola Be r/pLels ovtc eyjafiev. ov jjlIv 
Br] avTOv ye fieveuv olov Te • tcl yap eiriTrjBeia ovtc ecrTiv 
eyew levai Be irapa tgvs Kvpov (fclXovs irdvv tcaXa 

i 7]fJLiV tcl lepa rjv. a)Be ovv %pr} nroielv diuovTas Bet- 
nrvelv 6, tl T£? ex ei ' CTTtiBav 8c o~r}fji?]V7] tc5 tcipaTt <i? 
dvairaveaOaL, avcricevd^eaOe' iireiBav Be to BevTepov, 
avaTLueo-ue eirv Ta viro^vyca' eiru oe tgj TptTOi eireaoe 
tS r)yov/j,evcp, tcl pAv vTro^vyia ey/pvTes irpos tgv 



II*. 

BOOK II. CHAP. II. 41 

7TOTafiov, tcl Be oirXa efjeo. tclvtcl aKOvaavTe^ ol orrpa- 5 
T7]yol teal Xo^ayol dir?]X6ov /cat eirolovv ovtco. tcai to 
Xotirbv 6 fxev yp^ev, ol Be erreiOovTO, ov-% eXo/xevoc, 
dXXd opoivres, ore /jLovos icppoveo ola Bel top ap^ovra, 
ol 8' ctXXoc dnreipoi rjaav. dpiOpbbs Be r?}? 6Sov, rjv 6 
rjX6ov it; 'Ecfxzaov t>}? 'loovias ^XP b T ^ ? P^X 7 }?' o~ra- 
Ofiol Tpeh KaX IvevrjKOVTa, irapaadyyai irevre KaX rpid- 
kovto, KaX irevTaKoaioi, ardhioi, TrevnjKovra KaX etja- 
klctxiXioi teal fivpioi • dirb Be t>;9 p^dxv^ eXeyovTO elvai 
eh BafivXwva cttoBioi, e^rjKovra KaX TpiaKocnoi. ev- 7 
TevOev, iireX ctkotos eyeveTO, MlXtokv9t)s puev 6 ®pa% 
expw tovs re lirirea^ tovs fieQ* eavTov eh rerrapd- 

KOVTCL KOL TWV TTetj&V OpOLKteV CO? TpiOUCOGlOVS 7]VTO- 

fjLoXrjcre irpbs fiacriAia. Kkeapxps Be rot? oXXols 8 
rjyelro Kara rd TrapriyyeXpteva, ol S' eXirovTO. KaX 
d^LfCVovvrat eh top irpooTOV GTa6pLbv irapd 'Apialov 
KaX T7]v i/ceivov o~TpaTtdv dpbtyX pueaa^ vv/CTas' KaX ev 
Ta^ei Qepbevoi Ta oirXa %vvrfk6ov ol GTpaTT\yoX KaX Xo- 
%ayol Tcov ^EXXr/voov irapd '' 'Apialov real oojmocrav oX 
Te "EWijves kol ' Apialos KaX tcov avv avT<p ol /cpaTi- 
o~toi pbrjTe irpohcaaeiv dXkrjXovs o-ufifiaxoi Te eaecrQau' 
ol Be (Bdpfiapoi Trpoaoopiocrav KaX rjyjjcreaOat dB6Xco<;. 
TavTCt, S' wjJLoaav, crcfrd^avTes Tavpov KaX Xvkov KaX 9 
Kairpov /cat tcpihv eh dairiBa, ol fiev "EXXrjves (SdirTov- 
Te? %l(pos, ol he fidpftapoi Xoyxv p - enreX Be Ta iriGTa 10 
eyeveTO, elirev 6 KXeapxos, 'Aye Br), eo 'Aptale, eTreiirep 
6 avTos v\uv CT0X09 ecrTi KaX rjfilv, elire, Tiva yvd}[xrjv 
e^et? irepl t?}? iropeia^, iroTepov dmi^ev r\virep iqkQo- 
p,ev rj dXKrjv Tiva evvevorjtcevai Boiceh 6Sbv KpeiTTco. 
6 8' elirev, ^Hv fiev tfXOo/juev diriovTes nravTeXws avil 
virb Xt/iov d7roXoL/ie0a' virdpyei* ydp vvv tj/jLlv ovhev 
tcov iTTLTTjheLcov. eiTTatcalheica yap aTadjucov tcov iyyv- 
tutco ovhe hevpo IhvTes Ik ttjs ^copa? ovSev ecxopuev 
Xapifidvew evOa Be tl rjv, rj/xeh Biairopevofievot, KaTe- 



• •* i 

4:2 xektophon's anabasis. 

BarravrjcrapLev. vvv S' errcvoov/iev iropevecrQai fiafcpo- 

12 repav puev, rcov B* irrcrrjBelcov ovk drroprjaopjev. rropev- 

T60V 8' rjfllP TOVS 7rp(OT0VS (TTaOfAOVS co? av Bwco/ieOa 

fiaKporcLTOVs, iva &>? irXelcrrov d7roor7racr6cofJLev rod 
fiacriXiKOV arparevpiaro^' rjv yap aira^ Bvo rj rpocov 
r)jxepcov 6Bbv diToo-^copLev, ovKeri pur) Bvvrjrai, fiacri,- 
Xev$ r)pbds KaraXa(3elv. bXiycp puev yap crrparevpbari 
ov rdXfirjcrei, icpeirecrOaf rroXvv 8' eycov crroXov ov 
Bvvrjcrerai rayeco? iropevecrQai. lctcqs Be ical rcov 
iirirr)Beicov cnraviei. ravrrjv, ecf>r), rr)v yvcb/xrjv e^co 
eycoye. 

13 *Hv Be avrrj rj crrpariqyia ovBev dXXo Bvvapuevr) rj 
diroBpdv,au rj airocpvyelv ' r) Be rv^rj iarparrjyrjcre tcak- 
Xlov. iirel yap rjpuipa iyevero, iiropevovro iv Be^ia 
e'Xpvres rbv rjXiov, Xoyi^opbevoi r)]~eiv ajxa r)Xicp Bvvovrt 
eh Kcopua^ rrjs BafivXcovlas yoapas ■ ical rovro puev ovk 

]4ri / yjrevcr6r]a-av. en Be ajupl BelXrjv eBo^av rroXepbiovs 
bpdv iinreas* ical rcov re 'EXXtfvcov ot fir) erxiypv iv 
to.?? rd^ecriv ovres eh Ta? rdtjeis eOeov, Kal 'Apcacos, 
irvyyave yap eft dpud^rj^ iropevopuevos, Boon, ererpcoro, 

15 Karaftas iOcopaKi^ero tcaX ol crvv avrco. iv co Be coirXi- 
%ovro rJKov Xeyovres ol irpo7repbcj)6evre^ ctkottol, on ov% 
lirireh elcrvv aXh! inrotyyia vepbotvro. teal evOvs eyvco- 
crav izdvre^, on iyyvs irov iarparorreBevero /3acuXev$* 
/cal yap Kal Kairvbs icpalvero iv /cco/nai? ov rrpocrco. 

16 KXeapxps Be iirl puev tovs rroXepuiovs ovk rjyev fjBec 
yap Kal ameipr\KQTa<$ tqv<$ nrparicora^ Kal dcrirov^ 
ovra?' rjBrj Be Kal oyjre r)v ov puevroi ovBe drreKXive, 
cj)vXarr6p,evos fir) BoKolrj cpevyeiv, aXV evOvcopov dycov 
dfia rep r)Xicp Bvopevco eh rd$ iyyvrdrco Kcopba<; tovs 
irpcorovs e%cov KarecrKr^vcocrev, e'£ ojv BiripiraaTO vtto 
tov (3acriXiKov o-Tparevjuaro 1 ; Kal avrd rd dirb rcov 

17 oIklcov %vXa. ol puev ovv irptoroi o/md$ rporrco nvl 
earparoireBevcravro, ol Be vcrrepot orKoraloo rrpotriovres 



BOOK II. CHAP. II. — HI. 43 

<W9 errvyyavov GtcaaTOi, tji/Xl^ovto, teal tcpavyrjv 7roXXr)v 
eiroiovv /caXovvTes dXXrjXovs, ware kclL tou? TroXe/julovs 
dicoveiv (oare ol puev iyyvrara twv iroXe^lwv teal ecpv- 
yov e/c to)P cTKTjvco/jLdrcov. BrjXov Be tovto rfj varepaia 18 
iyevero' ovre yap virotyyiov er ovBev e<pdvr) ovre 
arpaTOTTehov ovre kclttvos ovBafJuov TrXrjaiov. e^eirXdyr) 
Be, &)? eoL/ee, /ecu fiaaiXevs rfj i(j)6Bq) rod aTpaTevjjLaTOS. 
iBijXcoae Be tovto ot? tjj vo~Tepaia eirpaTTe. irpolovar]^ 1 9 

fXeVTOL T?}? VVKTOS TCLVT7]? fCdl TOL<? " EXXr)0~l, 06/3o9 

ijj,7rL7TT€t,, teal Q6pvj3o<z teal Bovttos rjv, olov etVo? cf>6/3ov 
i/ATrecrovTOS yiyveadai. KXeapxps Be ToXfAiBrjv 'HXeiov, 20 
ov eTvyyavev eywv irap eavTco Krjpvfca apiGTOv tcov 
tot€, tovtov dveoirelv eKeXevae aiyrjv KaTa/cr)pv£avTa, 
oTi Trpoayopevovaiv ol apyovTes, o? av tov d(f>evTa top 
ovov eh tcl oirXa firjvvarj, otc XtfyjreTac fiiadbv TaXav- 
tov dpyvplov. eirel Be tclvtcl e/crjpvydr], eyvwcrav ol 21 
CTTpaTCcoTai, OTi tcevhs 6 <f>6/3o<; ecrj /cat ol apyovTes 
croiOL. a/jLa Be op6p<p TraprjyyeiXev 6 KXeapyo? et'? 
tcl^lv tcl oirXa TiOeaOai tov<; "EXXrjvas fjirep elypv 6Ve 
rjv r) fidxv> 

,v Be Brj eypatya, otl j3ao~LXev<? e^eirXdyr) ttj i(f>6Bq), 3 
TrjBe BfjXov rjv. tjj jjuev yap irpocrOev rjfiepa Trefiircov tc\ 
oirXa TrapaBiBovai eicekeve, TQTe Be dfia r)Xl<o dvaTeX- 
Xovti /crjpvfcas eirefi-^re irepl cnrovBcov. ol B' eVel rfkOov 2 
7rpb<; tovs 7rpo<pv\aKa<;, e'QqTOW tov? apypvTas. eireiBr) 
Be dirrjyyeXkov ol irpofyvXaices, KXeapyos Tvycbv tot6 
t<x? Ta^et? enviGKQTTwv elire tols 7rpocf)v\,a%i /ceXeveiv 
tou9 Kr)pVKa% irepifieveiv, ayjpi av aypXaarj. eirel Be 3 
KaTeaT7)o~e to crTpaTevfia wcrTe /caXw? eyecv opaaOav 
TrdvTTj (pdXayya ttvkvtJv, t&v Be doifkcov fJbrjBeva icaTa- 
<f>avr) elvav, eicdXecre tovs dyyekovs, koX avTO? re irpo- 
r[kde tov<; re evoTrXoTaTovs eyjsv koX eveiBeo-TaTov^ twv 
avTov GTpaTCcoTcov /col toIs aXXocs GTpaTrjyols TavTcu 
eeppaaev. eirel Be rjv 7T/30? tols dyyeXois, dvrjpcoTa, 4 



44 xenophon's anabasis. 

ti (SovXolvto. ol S' eXeyov, ore rrepl cnrovB&v rjKoieVj 
dvBpes, oiTLves itcavol eaovrai rd re rrapd ^aaiXecog 
Tot? "EXXrjcnv drrayyelXai Kal rd rrapd rebv ' EXXtfvcov 

5 jBaatXel. 6 Be direKplvaro, ' AirayyeXXere rolvvv avrS, 
ore fid^T]^ Bel irpwrov dptcrrov yap ovk eartv ovB* o 
roXpbtfcrcov irepl anrovBwv Xeyeiv tols rf EXXr]crc /u,r) rropi- 

6 crag dpecrrov. ravra aKovaavre? ol dyyeXou dirrjXav- 
vov, Kal tjkov Tcvyy* (p Kal BrjXov tjv, ore iyyv? irov 
(BacriXevs rjv rj aXXos rig, & iirereraKro ravra rrpdr- 
reiv eXeyov Be, ore eiKora BoKoiev Xeyeiv j3acrtXeL, Kal 
rjKoiev rjyefiovas e%ovre$, ol avrovg, edv airovBal yevcov- 

? rat, d^ovacv evQev e^ovcro rd eTTLrrjBeLa. 6 Be rjpehra, 
el avrolg rolg dvBpdcn airevBoiro rot? lovcri Kal amov- 
Giv, r) ical rolg aXXow ecroivro airovBaL ol Be, r ' Aira- 
env, ecpaaav, fie%pi dp jBaatXel rd irap vpicbv Bcay- 

8 yeXOfj. errel Be ravra elirov, /neracrrrjardpLevog avrovg 
o KXeapyog e(3ovXevero • Kal eBo.fcet, rag airovBag iroiel- 
aOai rayy Kal Ka6^ rjav^iav eXOelv re errl rd eTririjBeia 

9 Kal XajBelv. 6 Be KXeapyog el7re, AoKel fiev Ka/iol 
ravra' ov fievroo rayy ye dirayyeXco, dXXd Biarpl^a), 
ear dv oKVijcrcoacv ol dyyeXoi, pbrj diroBo^rj yfilv rag 
airovBdg ironqcra&Oai' ol\xai ye pAvroi, etftrj, Kal rolg 
rj/jberepoig crrpartcoraig rbv avrov <po(3ov irapeaeaQai. 
eirel Be eBoKei Kaipbg elvai, d7rrjyyeXXev, ore crrrevBoiro, 

10 Kal evOvg 7]yela6ai eKeXeve nrpbg rdinrrjBeia. Kal ol 
aev ?jyovvro, KXeapyog fievroi eiropevero rag /aev crirov- 
Bd$ ironqcropievog, rb Be crrpdrevpia e^cov ev rd^ei, Kal 
avrbg G)7TLcrdo(f)vXdKei. Kal evervyyavov rd(ppoL^ Kal 
avXodGiv vBarog nrXrjpeaiv, co? /x?) BvvacrOai Biaj3alveiv 
dvev ye<fivpcbv dXX' eiroiovvro Biafidcreis eK rcov cpoc- 
vlkcov, ot rjaav eKireTrrcoKores, roiig Be Kal e^eKoirrov. 

1 1 Kal evravOa r\v KXeap%ov KarapuaOelv &>? eireardreiy 
ev fiev rfj dpiarepa %etpl rb Bopu eycov, ev Be rfj Be^ia 
(SaKrrjpiav Kal el rt? avru> Bokoltj rebv wpbs rovro 



BOOK II. CHAP. III. 45 

reTayjxevcov ftXarceveiv, ifcXeyofievos tov eiriTrjheiov 
eirataev dv, Kal dfia ai/ro9 TrpoaeXafji^avev eh tov 
7T7]\bv i[xj3aiv(DV ware iracriv alo-^vvrjv elvai firj ov 
o-vcnrovhd^eiv. real erdyO^crav fiev irpos avrov ol 12 
TpL&KOvra err) yeyovoTes • eirel he Kal KXeap^ov etiopcov 
crirouSd^ovra, irpoo-eXdybfiavov Kal ol 7rpea/3vTepoc. 
7roXv he jjbdWov 6 Kkeap-yo^ eanrevhev, viroiTTevcov fir) 13 
del ovrco TrXrjpeis elvai t<x? rdcf)pov<; vSaros' ov yap r)v 
copa Ota ro irebiov apoeiv aXX ivcl r)orj TroXXa irpo- 
(fialvoiTO Toh e, EXXrjcrc heivd eh tt)v iropelav, tovtov 
evefca (BacriXea virdnrTevev eirl to irehlov to vhcop dcpei- 
Kevai. iropevofievoi he dcf>LK0VT0 eh Kcbfias, 66ev dire- 14 
hei^av ol r)yefioves Xafifidveiv tcl eiriTr]heia. evrjv he 

CTfcTO? 7T0Xu? KCLL olvOS (J)0LVIKC0V KCtX 0^09 i^TjTOV dlTO 

Twv avTcov. avTol he al ftdXavoi tcov c^olvikcov, oias 15 
fjiev ev Toh r 'EXXr)criv eaTiv thetv, Toh olKerrai^ dnre- 
KeiVTO, al he Toh hecnroTai^ diTOKeifjLevai rjaav drro- 
Xe/CTOL, ^avfidaiai to /cdXXos real to fieyeOos, r) he oi^t? 
TjXeKTpov ovhev hce^epe' r<x? he Twas ^rjpalvovTes Tpa- 
yrjfiaTa direTiOeaav. real rjv kol irapd ttotov r)hv fiev, 
Ke<fiaXaXye<$ he. evTavOa /cal tov eyice<^aXov tov (pot- 16 
vlkos nrpo)TOV ecf)ayov ol crTpaTLcoTat, /cal ol 7roXXol 
eOavfiaorav to Te elhos koX tt)v IhiOTrjTa ttjs r)hovrj<;. 
r\v he afyohpa /cal tovto fcecpaXaXyes. 6 Be (frolvit;, 
66ev e^aipeOetr) 6 eyfcecpaXos, 0A09 avacveTO. 

^EvTavOa efieivav r)fiepa<; Tpeh • Kal irapd fieydXov 17 
/3acrcXeco<; r)/ce Tio-cra^epvr]^ Kal tt)<; ^acnXeco^ yvvai- 
kos aSe\^6o9 Kal aXXot TLepcrai Tpelv SovXot, Se noXXol 
eXirovTO. eirel he dirr)VT7]crav avTols ol tcov 'EXXrjvcov 
CTpaTTjyoL, eXeye nrpoiTO^ Ticraacpepvrj^ hi 1 epfirjviojs 
Toidhe. ^Eyoo, w dvhpe^ ''EXXrjves, yetTcov olko) tjj 18 
*EXXd8i, Kal eirel vfid<=; elhov eh 7roXXd KaKa Kal d/jLij- 
yuva epjTTeTTTWKQTa^, evprjfia iirotrjcrdfirjv, el 7ro)9 hvvai- 
(irjv irapci {3a<TiXea)<; aiTriGaaQai hovvai i/xol diroorwcraL 



46 xenophon's anabasis. 

v/jlcl$ ei? rr\v 'EXXdSa. olfiai yap av ovtc dyapio~r<dH 
floe eyeiv ovre 7r/?o? v/jlo)V ovre 7Tyot>? t^? rrdcrrj^ 'EX- 

19 Xd$o<$. ravra Be yvovs yrov^v fiaaiXea, Xeycov avrq), 
otl Sifcaicos av /jlol yapiCpiro, on avrS Kvpov re iiri- 
crrparevovra rrpooros rjyyeCXa ical fioiqQeiav e^cov dfia 
T V dyyeXla d<^iKoyb7]v, /col fAovos rcov Kara, rovs r, EX- 
Xrjvas rerayfievcov ovk ecfrvyov, dXXd BirjXaac /cal 
crvvep,i%a fiacnXeo iv rep vy^erepco crrparoTreBcp, zvQa 
fiacriXevs d(pUero, irrel Kvpov drreKreive, teal rovs £vv 
Kvpoy fiapftdpovs eBlco^a o~vv roccrBe rocs rrapovcri vvv 

20 fier i/jLov, oiirep avrco elai mcrrbraroi. Kal rrepl juuev 
rovrcov virecryerb fioi j3ovXevcrao~6ai' epeadai Be /ne 
vfAas i/ceXevcrev eXdovra, rtvos eve/cev icrrparevcrare irr 
avrov. Kal o-vjjLJ3ov\ev(o hfuv fxerpicos diroicplvacrdai, 
Lva floe evrrpaKrorepov y, edv ri Bvvcofiai, dyaObv vficv 

21 Trap avrov Btarrpd^aa-Qai. rrpbs ravra fieracrrdvres 
ol ''EXXrjves i/3ovXevovro' Kal drreKplvavro, KXeap^os 
8' eXeyev t H/i6L<; ovre crvvrjXOo/iev &)? (SacriXeZ iroXe- 
[irjaovre^ ovr irropevofjueOa iirl j3ao~cXea } dXXa 7roXXas 
7rpo<pdcrei<; Kvpo? evpicrKev, &)? Kal crv ev dlcrOa, iva 
vjjuds re dirapaGKevdcrrovs Xdfioi Kal r)/jLas ivOdBe 

22 dvaydyoi. irrel jievroi rjBrj avrov ecopwfiev iv Beivcp 
ovra, rja^vvOrjiiev Kal $eou? Kal dvOpdyrrovs rrpoBovvai 
avrov, iv rc5 nrpocrdev %p6v(p rrape^ovre^ rj/xas avrovs 

23 ev nroielv. iirel Be Kvpos re6vr)Kev, ovre /3ao~iXel dvri- 
iroiovfJbeOa rrj<; dp^rj^ ovr earw orov eveKa jSovXolfied* 
av rrjv j3acriXecD$ %cbpav KaKO)<; rvoieiv, ovB* avrov 
diroKrelvai av eOeXoi/xev, iropevolfieda B* av oiKaBe, el 
rt? r)fAa<$ firj Xvttolt]' dBiKovvra fievroi rreipaabybeQa 
crvv rot? ^eot? d/jLVvacrdaL' idv fievrot T£9 ?JyU,a? Kal ev 
7roLcbv vTrdpxVy Kab Tovrov eh ye Svva/xLv ov% rjrrTjcro- 

24 jjueOa ev rroiovvres. 6 fiev ovrcos elirev aKovaas he 6 
Tcao-a<f)epV7]^ e(prj, Tavra iyeb drrayyeXa) fiacnXet Kal 
v/Jblv irdXiv rd rrap eKelvov fie^pi S' dv iy<a rjKto at 



book n. chap. ni. — iv. 47 

airovBal puevovrcov ayopav Be rjpueh irape^ofxev. Kal 25 
eh [iev rrjv varepalav ov% rj/cev coo~6 ol f, EXXr)ves 
i(f)p6vrL^ov' rfj he rplrrj tjkcov eXeyev, ore BcaTreTrpa- 
y/jievos tJkoc rrapa ftaatXecos Bo6r)vai avrco aco^ecv rov? 
"EXXr)va<;, Kairrep rrdvv woXXcov dvnXeyovrcov, go? ovk 
a%iov elr\ jSaacXel dcpelvao tovs i(j> eavrbv arparevcra- 
puevoi 2, reXo? Be elire, Kal vvv e^ecrrtv vfuv mar a 26 
Xafit v Trap rjficov rj firjv cpiXiav rrape^eiv iipulv rrjv 
y&pav Kal dBoXcos dira^ew eh rr\v 'EXXdBa ayopav 
rrapeyovra^' oirov B* av firj y rrpiaaQai, Xafifidvecv 
vpLas eic rrjs %cbpa<; idaopuev ra ernrrjBeia. vfias o° 27 
av riplv Berjaet opLocrai r) /lltjv iropeveaQai go? Bia cpiXias 
daivws aira teal rrora Xapufidvovras, birbrav pur) ayopav 
wape^cofiev, rjv Be irape^copbev ayopav, tovovpievovs e'^eiv 
ra eirirrjBeia. ravra eBo^e, KaX copbocrav Kal Bellas 28 
eBocrav Ticraacpepvrjs Kal 6 rrj<; jSacriXecds yvvaiKos 
dBeXcpbs rot? rcov 'EXXrjvcov o-rparrjyoh Kal Xox ar /°h 
Kal eXa/3ov irapa rcov 'EXXrjvcov. puerd Be ravra Tier- 29 
oracpepvr]? elire, Nvv puev Br) arreipn go? /3acriXea' eirei- 
Bav Be Biairpd^copuai a Beopiai, rj^co avaKevatrdpLevo? go? 
airagcov vpias et? rrjv ILXXaoa Kai avros airicov em 
tt]V epiavrov dpyjqv. 

Mera ravra rrepiepuevov Ticrcracpepvrjv ol re rr E\- 4 
Xrjve? Kal 'Apiaios eyyvs dXXrjXcov ea-rparoireBevfievoi 
r)p,epas 7r\e/ou? rj eiKocriv. ev Be ravrais dc^iKVovvrat, 
7T/50? Apvalov Kal 01 aBeX<pol Kal ol aXXoi dvayKaioi 
Kal 7rpo? rov$ crvv eKeivco Uepacov rives, irapeOdppvvov 
re Kal Bellas evioi rrapa (BacriXecos ecpepov pbrj pivrjo-iKa- 
Krjaeiv fiacriXea avroh tt)? ltxjv Kvpw eiricrrpareias 
pL7]Be aXXov fiTjBevbs rcov Trapw^puevcDV. ^odrcov Be 2 
yiyvopuevcov evBrfXoi rjaav ol rrepl ^Apialov rjrrov irpocr- 
e^ovres to?? ( 'EXXr]crc rbv vovv. ware Kal Bia rovro 
rot? pbev rroXXoh rcov 'EXXrjvcov ovk rjpeo~KOV, dXXa 
irpoaiovres rco KXedp^co eXeyov Kal to£? ciXXols err pa- 



48 xenophon's anabasis. 

3 TTjyots, To fievofiev ; t) ov/c eir oo-TdfieOa, otl fiaaiXevs 
97/xa? dirdXeaao av ire pi Travrbs iroorjcraoTO, Xva /cal too? 
clWols r EX\,7]<ti> cj)6/3o$ fj iirl /3ao-i\ea pueyav crrpa- 
TeveLV ; /cal vvv fiev 97/m? virdyeTao fxeveov Boa to Boe- 
airdpOao avrS to aTpaTevfia" eirrjv Be irdXov dXoaOfj 
avT(p r) GTpcLTia, ov/c eaTiv oVa)? ov/c eiroOrjaeTao t)jjlov. 

4 tcra)? Be ttov i) omoaKcnvTei to rj aTroTeoyjXeo, co? diropos. 
7 7] 6B6$. ov yap ttot£ e/ccav ye (SovkrjcreTao ^a? 
'X^cWa? eh ttjv 'EXkdBa dirayyeTkao, co? r)/joeos TocrolBe 
;Vt6? ivoKOijiev tov fiacroXea e7rl Tat? Qvpaos avTov /cal 

£ fcaTayekdaavTes dirriXOopoev. Kkeap^o^ Be direKpivaTO 
too? TavTa Xeyovcrcv, 'Eycb evOv/zovftao puev teal TavTa 
irdvTa' evvoco S' oto, el vvv dirop.ev, Bo^ofiev eirl tto- 
Xe}jL(p dnroevao /cal irapd t<x? airovBas irooeov. eireoTa 
irpcoTov [lev dyopdv ovBeh Trapetjeo tj/jlov ovBe oOev eiro- 
aoTLOv/jLe6a' av0o<z Be 6 rjyrjao/ubevo^ ouSel? ecrTao' ical 
dpoa TavTa ttooovvtcdv tj/jlcov ev9v$ 'Apoaoos d<peaTfj^eo* 
cocrre (f)l\o$ rjjjLov ovSels XeXet^eTao, dWa /cao ol irpo- 

6 adev 6We? TroXijiooo r)fMV eaovTao. TroTa/jubs $ el [xev 
Tt? /cal aXkos dpa r)pZv io~T0 SoaftaTeos ov/c olBa m tov 
B J ovv Ev<fipdT7]v o'lSajJoev oto dSvvaTOV Boaj3rjvao tcco- 
\v6vtcov 7ro\e/jLLcov. ov puev Br), av [xd^ecrOao ye Berj, 
LTTirel^ elcrov rjfiov ^vfi/ia^oo, tcov Be 7ro\e/jLLcov lirirel^ 
elcrov ol ifkelaToo /cal ifkelaTOV a^ooo' wcrre vo/cwvTe? 
fiev tov a dv diro/CTeivaoixev ; r)TTcofievo)V Be ovBiva olov 

7 Te o~(odr]vao. eyft) fxev ovv j3aao\ea, w ovtco iroWa 
eaTO tcl o-vfJLjJbaya, elirep TrpodvfieoTao ^/-ta? a7ro\etTao, 
ovk olBa o, to Bel avTov bpbocrao /cal Be^odv Bovvao 
/cal f^eou? €7roop/cr}o~ao /cal Ta eavTov irocrTa airoaTa 
TrGir)(iao r/ EXkr)cro Te teal (3ap(3dpoo$. TOoavTa iroWd 
eXeyev. 

8 ''Ev Be TOVTM rjfee Tocrcracfxzpvr}? e^cov ttjv eavTov 
Bvvapbiv co? eU oIkov diroadv /cal 'OpovTas ttjv eavTov 
Bvvajxiv r\ye Be /cal ttjv BvyaTepa ttjv j3aao\ew<; iirl 



BOOK II. CHAT. IV. 49 

yd/Aw. ivrevOev Be r/Brj Tco-cracfrepvovs r)yov/xevov Kal 9 
dyopdv irapeyovTO^ eiropevovTO' iiropevero Be Kal 
r Apt,aios to Kvpov fiapftapiKov eyav arpdrev/JLa dpua 
Tcacracpepvec Kal 'Opovra Kal ^vvecrTpaToireBeveTO crvv 
€K€lvoi<;> ol Be "EXXrjves vfyopwvTes tovtovs avrol icj) 10" -^' 3 
kavTwv eydspovv ^ye/iova? e-^ovTe^. IcrTpaToireBevovTO 
Be e/cdcrroTe direyovTes dXXrjXcov irapaadyyrjv teal 
fxelov • e<£>vXaTTOVTO Be dficfrorepoi, wairep TroXe/iLOVs 
dXXijXovs, real evOvs tovto viro^lav irapelyev. eviore 11 
Be Kal ^vXc^o/ievoi ere rod avrov Kal yopTOV Kal dXXa 
Toiavra j-vXXeyovTes irXrjya^ everetvov dXkrjXois' ware 
Kal tovto eyQpav irapelye. BieXQbvTes Be Tpei? o-tgl- 12 
OfJiovs d(pi/covTO 7rpo? to MtjBicls KcCkovjievov Tet^o?, 
teal irapifkOov etcrco avTod. rjv Be cpKoBofirmevov ttXlv- 
Oois oTTTais ev dcrcpdXTcp Kecfievais, evpos ec/coao ttoBcov, 
in/ro? Be eicaTov purJKO^ B' iXeyeTo elvai ettcoao irapa- 
o-ayyodv direyei Be BaftvXcovos ov iroXv. ivTev0€vl3 
B enropevOrjaav GTadfAOVs Bvo, irapaadyyas oktco' 
koX Bteftrjcrav Btdopv^a^ Bvo, ttjv fiev eirl yecfrvpas, 
ttjv S' e^evy/JLevrjv ttXolois eiTTa' avTai 8' r)aav diro 
tov TiyprjTOs TroTapLOV' KaTeTeT/J,7]VTO Be e£ avTwv 
Kal Taeppoe eirl ttjv ydopav, al fiev irp&Tai \±eyd- 
Xai, eireiTa 6" eXaTTOv^' t£Xo<; Be Kal puiKpol o^eTol, 
IdGirep ev Ty 'EXXdBo eirl ra? /xeXiW?* Kal dcpiKvovv- 
Tai eVt tov TcyprjTa nroTajjiov Trphs cS ttoXis rjv fie- 
ydXrj Kal iroXvavOpoyrros, y ovo/ia ^CTTaKr), dire^ovaa 
tov iroTajiov aTaBiovs nrevTeKaiBeKa. ol jjuev ovv f, EX- 14 
Xrjves Trap* avrfv eo-KTjvrjorav eyyv<i irapaBelcrov fieydXov 
Kai KaXov Kal Baaeos iravToiwv BevBpcov, ol Be /3dp- 
fiapoi Bta{3e/3r]K6Te<; tov TtyprjTa' ov fievTOi KaTafya- 
vels r)aav. fieTcu Be to Belnrvov eWv^ov ev 7rept7rdT(p 15 
(We? TTpo tcov ottXcdv IIp6%evo$ Kal aevocpcov Kal 
irpocreX9<x)V avOpcoiro^ Tt? r/pcoTrjcre tovs 7rpocf)vXaKas, 
ttov av iBol Upo^evov i) KXeap^ov Mevcova Be ovk 



3 



50 xenophon's anabasis. 

e^rei, /cat ravra Trap ^ Apiaiov &v tov Mevcovo? %evov. 

16 iirel Be Up6%evo<$ elirev, otl avros el/ZL bv tyrels, elirev 
6 dv0p(oiros rdSe. "Eire/i^e fie 'Aptalos kcll ^Aprdo- 
£b?, TTKJToi ovres Kvptp Kal vfiiv evvoi, Kal KeKevovcn 
(pvXdrrecrOaL, fir/ {jfilv iirlOayvTaL r?}? vvkto? ol /3dp-\ 
(BapoL' IdTi Be (TTpdrev/jLa iro\v iv tco ttXtjctlov irapa- 

17 Belcrcp. koX iirl tt]v yefyvpav tov TlyprjTO^ iroTafiov 
ire/iyjraL tceXevovcro <$>v\afcr}V, go? Siavoelrcu avrrjv \vcrat 
Tc<Tcra(pepV7)s rrfi vvktos, idv BvvrjTaL, &>? fir) Biaj3rjTe, 
dXX iv jiecrco diroX7]<p6r]Te tov iroTafiov Kal t?)? Blg>- 

ISpf^o?. dtcovcravT€$ ravra dyovcriv avTov irapa tov 
KXeap'Xpv /cat (fipd^ovaiv a Xeyec. 6 Be KXeap^os 

19a/coucra9 iTapdyQr) a<p6Bpa teal ifyofSeZro. veavicncos 
Be tl$ tcov irapovTcov ivvor}aa<$ elirev, co? ovk clkoXovOcl 
eti] to Te iiri6r]aecrdaL Kal Xvcreiv tt)v yi(j>vpav. BrjXov 
yap otl iTriTiOe/Aevovs rj vlkclv BetfcreL r) rjTTaadai. 
eav fiev ovv vlkcdctl, tl Bel avToi)$ Xveiv ttjv ye<pvpav ; 
ovBe ydp } av iroXXal yi(j>vpac wcriv, e^oijiev av ottol 

20 fyvyovTes rj/iels acdOcofiev. eav Be rj/iels VLKco/iev, XeXv- 
fievrjs ttjs ye<j>vpas 01)% e^ovaiv eicelvoi ottoi (fivycocriv 
ovBe fir)v (BorjOrjcrai iroXXwv ovtcov irepav ovBels avTois 

21 BvviqareTai XeXvfievrjs t?}? yetfcvpa?. dicovcras Be 6 
Kkeapjtps TavTa rjpeTO tov dyyeXov, ttckti) t£? ecrj 
yd>pa i) iv fieacp tov TcyprjTos Kal t?}? Bicopv%o<;. Be 
elirev, oti iroXXr] Kal KcbfiaL eveicri KaX iroXeis iroXXal 

22 koX fieydXab. TOTe Br) teal iyvaacrOrj, otl ol {3dp(3apoL 
tov dvOpcDirov viTOTre.H'^raiev, bicvovvTes fir) ol f/ E\\7)ves 
BieXovTe? tt)v ye<f>vpav fxevoiev iv Ty vrjaco ipv/xaTa 
eifpvTe? evOev [lev tov TlyprjTa, evOev Be ttjv Bccopv^a, 
ra cT iiriTYjBeia e^oiev iic ri}? iv jxiaq) ydypas iroWr)? 
KaX dyaOrfi ovo~r)<$ koX tcov ipyaaofievcov ivovTcov, eWa 
Be Kal diroo-Tpo(j)r) yevoiTO, el Tt? (BovXoito fiaarCkea 

23 KaKcos iroieZv. yLtera TavTa dveiravovTO • eVl fievTov 
rrjv ye<j)vpav 6/jLco<; (frvXaKrjv eirep/tyav * Kal ovTe iireOeTO 



BOOK II. CHAP. IV. 51 

ovSels ovBafioOev ovre 7rpb<; tt\v yi(f>vpav ovBei? r/Xde 
TOdV TTokefitcav, co? ol (pvXaTTOVTes dirrjyyeXXov. eVetSr/ 24 
S' eco? iyevero, Biefiaivov t^v yecf>vpav i^evy/jievrjv ttXol- 

Oi? TpiatCOVTCL KObl klTTCL GO? oZ6v T6 [laXiCTTd 7T6(j)vX,a- 

yfievcos • etjtfyyeXXov yap rives twv irapa TicracKpepvovs 
'EXXtfvcov, go? BiafiatvovTcov fJueXXotev eiriQ>}o~eG~Qai. 
dXXa ravra fiev ^evBrj r/v Biaj3aiv6vTcov pbevTOi 6 
TXovs clvtoZs €7re(j)dv7) fier dXXcov atcoiroiv, el Bia- 
/3atvotev tov irorafiov eiretB^ Be elBev, <pX ero ^ 7re " 
Xavvcov. 

*Airb Be tov TiyprjTOS iiropevOrjcrav araOfiovs rer- 25 
Tapa<z, irapaadyym ei/coaiv, enr\ tov Qvar/cov irorapLov, 
to evpos liked pov ■ eTrrjv Be yecj>vpa. teal evravOa coicelro 
TroXt? fieyaXr), y ovofia 'fLuus' irpos rjv a/mqvTrjcre toZs 
"EXXrjcriv 6 Kvpov koX 'ApTa^ep^ov v66o<z dSe\c£o? airo 
Xovacov koX 'EfcfiaTdvwv GTpariav ttoXXi]V ciycov go? 
/3o7)9?]o-cdv fiaaiXeZ' teal eiricrrrjaas to eavTOv o~Tpa- 
Tevfia irapepxpfievovs tov? "EXXrjvas eOecopei. 6 Be2Q 
KXeap^os rjyetro fiev eh Bvo, eTropevero Be aXKore koX 
dXXoTe i<piaTd/jbevos. oaov Be [av~\ yjpbvov to rjyov- 
jjuevov tov cTTpaTevfiaTO^ e7rLcrTr)crei,e, toctovtov rjv 
dvdyierj ypbvov Bi bXov tov aTpaTevjJLaros yiyveo~6ai 
Ti]V eTTLCFTacriV' coare to crrpaTevjJLa /cal avToZs toZ$ 
r/ EXX7]crc 86%ac TrdpuroXv elvai, /cal tov Ueparjv etCTre- 
TrXr^Oat S-ecopovvra. evrevQev Be iiropevdrjcrav Bed 27 
ri}? M.i]Btas crTadfiovs eprffiovs e£, irapaadyyas Tpid- 
KOVTa, eh t<z? HapvadTiBo? /ccbjULas t?}? Kvpov /cal 
/3ao~iXea)<$ {irjTpos. Tavras Tco-aacpepvrjs Kvpco eirey- 
yeXoiV BiapTrdaai toZ? "EXXtjctlv eireTpe^re 7tXt}v dvBpa- 
ttoBcov. ivrjv Be o-Zto<$ ttoXvs /cal 7rp6j3aTa teal dXXa2S 
yjpripiaTa. evrevQev 8' eiropevOTjcrav o-TaOfiovs ipij/jbovs 
TerTapas, irapacrdyyas eltcocn, tov TtyprjTa iroraiibv 
ev dpicrTepa e^ovTes. ev Be. tgo nrpcoTG) crTaOfuti irepav 
tov iroTajJiov 7roXi? coKeZTO fieydXij /cal evBai/JLCov ovo/ia 



52 xenophon's anabasis. 

Kaival, ef rjs ol /3dp/3apoi hirjyov eVl a^ehiais hicj)6e' 
pivais dprovs, rvpovs, olvov. 
5 Mera ravra dcpucvovvrat 67rl rov Zairdrav irora- 

[igv, to evpos rerrdpcov irXeOpcov. real ivravQa e\xeivav 
rjfiepas rpels • ev he ravrais virotyiai fiev rjaav, cpavepa 

2 he ovheala i^alvero iiri/SovX^. eho^ev ovv rco KXedp^co 
%vyyevea6ai rep Tiaaa^epvei teal el ireos hvvairo rrav- 
aai Ta? viro-^rlas, rrplv e% avrcov rroXefiov yeveaOac 
/ecu eirepb-^re nva ipovvra, on ^vyyeveaQai avreo ^prj^ei. 

3 6 he erolpLcos iiceXevev nqicew. iireihi] he ^vvrjX6ov, Xeyei 
6 KXeap^os rdhe. ''Eyco, cb Tiaaaepepvr], olha puev rjfilv 
opfcovs yeyevrjfievovs koL he^ids hehofxevas pJy] dhc/cijaeiv 
cWrjXov?' efyvXarrofievov Be ere re opcb cos iroXepbiovs 

4 rjfias real rjfiels opebvres ravra dvrief)vXarr6iJbe6a, iirel 
he aKoirebv ov hvva\xai ovre ere alaOeaOai Trecpcb/xevov 
rjjjLcis Katccbs iroielv, eyco re aaepcos olha, on rjfiels ye 
ovh* imvoov/juev roiovrov ovhev, ehotje jjlol eh Xoyovs 
aoi eXdeiv, oireos, el hwaipieOa, i^eXoijuev dXkrfkcov rrjv 

5 dmariav. Kal yap olha dvOpebrrovs 7]hr] rovs pJev etc 
hiafioXrjs, robs he teal it; viro^tas ot epoj3r}6evres dXkrj- 
Xovs, e\>Qdaai jBovXofievoi irpXv rraOelv, iiroLTjaav dvr)- 
fcecrra Ka/ca rovs ovre [xeXXovras ovr av fBovXofievovs 

6 roiovrov ovhev. rds ovv roiavras dyvco/jboavvas vofii- 
%a>v avvovalais /xdXiara dv iraveaOai, jj/cco koX hihd- 
GKeiv ere (BovXofiai, cos av 7]fjblv ovk bpBtbs diriarels. 

7 rrpebrov fiev yap fcal fieyiarov ol Qecov rjfias optcot 
KcoXvovai rroXe/jLiovs elvai dXXijXois' oar is he rovreov 
avvoihev avreo iraprj/ieX^Kebs, rovrov iyco oviror av 
evhaipiovlaai/Jii. rbv yap 3-eoov TroXe/xov ov/c olha ovr 
airo 7ro[ov av rd^ovs epevycov ris dirofyvyoi ovr els 
ttolov av a/coros dirohpalr] ov9 J ottcos av els i'xypov 
ycopiov drroaraiiq. rravrrj yap rrdvra rols Qeois viro^a 

8 Kal iravra^fj rrdvrcov caov ol S-eol icparovai. rrepl fjuev 
hrj rcov S-ecbv re Kal rcov op/ccov ovrco ycyvcoa/cco, rrao 



BOOK II. CHAP. V. 53 

o*? r/fieis rrjv <piXiav GwOefievoi tcaTeOepbeOa' tcov B 

avOpCOTTLVCOV (76 ijd) €V T(0 TTCipOVTL VOfJLL^W \lkyiGTOV 

elvai 7]/jllv dyadov. gvv fiev yap goI iracra /iev o86<s 9 
evTropos, 7ra? Be 7roTa/xo? 8ia(3aT6<$, toov tc £7riT7]Seicov 
ovk diropia* dvev Be gov iracra fxev Sea g/cotov? y o86<z' 
ovBev yap avTrjs iiriGTafieOa' ttci<; Be 7rora/io? Bvgtto- 
pos, 7ra? Be o^Xo? ajo/3ep6<;, (fioftepebrarov 8' ipTjfiia' 
/jL€gt7) yap irdWrj^ diropta^ iariv. el Be Br) teal fia- 10 
vevres ae /caTaKTeivai/iev, dXXo ti dv r\ tov evepyerrjv 
Kara/cT€LvavTe<i irpbs fiaaCkea tov fieyiGTOV e<fie8pov 
dycovt^oi/jieOa ; ogcov Be Brj /cal oicov av iXiTidcov e/iav- 
tov o~rep?]aaifiL, el o~e ti teatebv eiri^eiprjGaijJLi iroielv, 
TavTa Xe^co. eyco yap Kvpov eireOvpLrjad jjloi (fciXovll 
yeveaOai, vo/jllQdv to>v totc ItcavcoTaTOV elvai ev iroielv 
ov fiovXoiTO' cre Be vvv opco tijv T6 Kvpov Bvvapuiv 
/cal yoopav eyovTa real tt\v aeavTOV dpyjqv Gco^ovTa, 
ttjv Be fiaGiXeco? Bvva/Mv, fj Kvpos iroXepbla e^prjTO, 
crol TavTTjv ^vfifia-^ov ovaav tovtcov Be to to vtcov 12 
ovtwv Ti9 ovtco [xalveTai ocrrt? ov (3ovXeTai aoi cf)i- 
Xo? elvai ; dXXa pur}v ipco yap /cal Tama, e£ oov 
e^co e\7ri8a<> teal ere fiov\r\Q~eo-Qai cfrlXov rj/iiv elvai' 
olBa /iev yap vplv Mvcrovs Xvirrjpovs ovTas, ou? 13 
vofiL^o) civ gvv Tjj rrapovGy Bvvdpiei Taireivovs vpXv 
irap-aa^elv, olBa Be teal UicriBas' dfcovo) Be teal aXXa 
e0V7] ttoXXci TOiavTa elvai, a olfiai av nvavGai ev- 
o-)(XovvTa del Ty v/xeTepa evBaip^ovia. AlyviTTiovs Be, 
ot? [xdXicTTa vfias vvv yiyvcocr/cco Tedv/juofievovs, ov% 
opw irota Bwd/aei avfipid^cp ^prjadfievoi fiaXXov av 
KoXdcraicyQe t^? vvv crvv ifiol ovcrr)<$. aXXa jjltjv ev ye 14 
toIs irepi^ oltcovcri av el fiev /3ovXoi6 T(p cf)iXos elvai, 
o>? fiiyicrTos av eiTjs, el Be Tt? ere Xvttolt], &)? BecriroTrjs 
avacrTp£(f)Oio e^cov rj/id^ VTrrjpeTas, oi croi ovtc dv tov 
fMiadov evetca [jlovov virypeTol/Mev, aXXa teal tt}? ydpiTO^ • 
97? crcoOevTes vtto gov goI dv eypi/iev Biteaicos. epiol fiev 15 






54: xenophon's anabasis. 

8rj ravra irdvra evOvfiovfievco ovtco Bofcel ^avfiaarov 
elvav to cre rjfilv drriGTelv, cocrre /cal v,Bigt av d/cov- 

<TCU/ULt TO OVOfia, TL$ OVTCO? eGTi BeiVOS XeyeiV COCTT6 G€ 

irelcraL Xeycov, &>9 rj/jLeis goi e7Ti^ovXevojxev. KXeap- 
%o? puev ovv ToaavTa elire* Tt,GGa<pepvr]<; Be coBe drrr]- 

fl€L(p07}. 

16 'AXX rfiofiai piiv, co KXeap^e, dicovcov gov cppovi- 
fiovs Xoyovs' tclvtol yap yiyvcoG/ccov el tl e/iol kclfcov 
/3ovXevoi$, ajia av fioi Bo/cels /cat cravTQj /ca/covov? elvai. 

fro* //> tf » -51 » »\ e « c* / ->t r> 

Q)9 o av pLaurjs, otl ovo av vfieis oi/caicos ovts pacn- 

17 Xel gut ifMol airiCTTOL^Te, avTcuKovaov. el yap lipids 
e/3ovXop,e6a diroXeGai, iroTepd gov Bo/covp,ev hnrecov 
ifki]6ov^ diropelv 1) nre^cov rj 07f\io~ecos, iv fj v/ias puev 
pXdirTeiv Uavol et^fiev av, avTnrao")(eLV he ovSels klv- 

18 Bvvgs ; dXka ycnpicov eiriTTjBeicov vfilv eircTLOecrOai 
diropelv av goi BoKovpbev ; ov ToaavTa fiev ireBia tjjxZv 
(plXca ovTa gvv 7roXXS ttovco BiairopeveGQe, ToaavTa Be 
opt] vjjutv opcbTe ovTa iropevTea, a 7]\xlv e^ecrTi irpoicaTa- 
XafiovGiv diropa v/uv irapeyeiv, togovtoi cT elal iroTa- 
pol ecft cov e^e&Tiv rjpuv Tafiieve&Oai, ottggois av vpcov 
^GvXcojxeOa [LdyeaQai ; elal S' o,vtcov ovs ovo' av 
TravTairacri Bia(3air]Te, el iirj rjpbels vjuds Biairopevoip,ev. 

19 el S' ev ttclgi TOVTO15 rjTTtcpLeOa, dXXd to ye tol irvp 
/cpeoTTOv tov Kapirov Sgtcv ov ypbels BwatfieO' av 
fcaTa/cavGavTe? Xifibv vplv dvTLTa^ai, co v/JLels ovB\ 

20 el iravv dyaOol elrjTe, \xdyeG6ai av BvvaiG0e. Trios 
av ovv e^ovTes togovtovs tto/jou? Trpo? to vpuv iroXe- 
fielv, /cal tovtcov /irjheva rj/ilv eiriKivBvvov, eirecTa i/c 
tovtcov tt&vtcdv tovtov av tov TpoiTov egeXoipueOa 09 
[jlgvos pkv 7rpo9 §eo)V aGeflfc, povos Be irpbs dvdpdoircov 

21 aLGXpos ; iravTunraGi Be airopoiv eVrl ical dpLTj^dvoyp 
/cal avdy/cr) i^opLevcov, koX tovtcov 7rovr/pcov, OLTives e9i- 
\ovgi Bl* errriopKLas Te Trpbs 3-eovs /cal diriGTta^ irpos 
dvOpcbirovs TTpaTTeiv ti. ov% ovTcos rjpLels, o) KXeap^e, 



BOOK II. CHAP. V. 55 

ovt6 dXoyccrTot ovre rfkiOioi ecrfiev. dXXa tl Br) vfias 22 
e^oz/ airoXeaai ovk eiri tovto rfkuofiev ; ev icruc ore o 

i/AOS 6/360? TOVTOV atTlOS TOV Tol<? "EXXtjCTLV 6/X6 TTMJTOV 

yevecrOai, Kal go Kvpos dvefir) %eviKco Bia /j,io-0oBoaia<; 
incrTevcDv, tovtm e/xe Karafirjvai BC evepyealas Icryy- 
pbv. oaa Be fioc u/xet? yp/jatfAoi, eaeaOe tcl fiev Kal 23 
av €67ra?, to Be fieycaTOV iya> olBa' tt)v [Aev yap eVl 
rfj KecfraXfj Tiapav ftaauXel [jlovcd e^eartv opOrjv eyeiv, 
tt]V 8' eirl rf} KapBla tacos av vp^cbv irapovrwv Kal 
erepos ev7rera)<; ^X 01 " » 

Tavra elircbv eBo^e ru> KXedpyco dXr)6r) Xeyecv • 24 
Kal elirev, Ovkovv, e<pr], o?rwe? toiovtcov r)[uv eh cpt~ 
Xlav virapyovTWV ireipwvTai BoafidXXovTes Troirjaao 
TToXe/jLiov? rjfias a^ioi elai tcu eayaTa iradelv ; Kal 25 
eyco fiev ye, ecprj 6 Ttaaa^epvrjs, el /3ovXea6e fioi, oi re 
crrpaTTjyol Kal ol Xoyayol eXdelv, ev rS e/xcfravel Xe^co 
tovs 7rpo? ifjce Xeyovras co? av i/uol eirifiovXevets Kal 
ttj avv ifiol arparia. '.E^co Be, efyri o KXeapyos, d^co 26 
iravras, koI col av Brfkwaco oOev iyco irepl aov clkovco. 
eK TovTwv By rcov Xoycov 6 TLaaadpepvr}<$ ^cXocppovov- 27 
fjievos rore [xev fievetv re avrbv iKeXevae Kal avvBei- 
ttvov eiroiiqcraTO. rfj Be varepala 6 KXeapyos eXOcbv 
iirl rb arparoireBov Br)Xb<$ t' rjv irdvv <^lXikS)<s olo- 
fievo<z BtaKelaOai tS Tcaaa(pepvei Kal a eXeyev eKelvos 
aiTTjyyeXXev, ecfrr] re yprjvao levav nrapa Tcacratpepvrjv 
ou? ifceXevcre, Kal ot av eXey^Ocdcri BiafiaXkovres rcov 
t EXX7]vcov, co? TrpoBoras avrovs Kal KaKovovs rot? rr EX- 
Xr}cnv ovras TificoprjOrivao. vizozineve Be elvai rbv Bca- 28 
ffdXXovra Mevcova, eiBcbs avrbv Kal avyyeyevT) fievov 
Ttcraa^epvet jier 'Apcalov Kal erraend^ovra avrw Kal 
eTrijBovXevovra, ottcos to crrpdrev/jia airav 7rpo? eavrbv 
Xaficov (f>iXos 7} Tcaaa^epvec. efiovXero Be Kal 6 29 
KXeapxps airav to crTpdrev/JLa 7rpo? eavTov eyeiv tt\v 
yvco/xrjv Kal tovs irapaXvirovvTas eK7roBa)V elvai. tojv 



56 xenophon's anabasis. 

Be arparicorayv dvrekeyov Tives avrco pur) Ikvai iravrm 
tovs \o-)(ayov^ Kal arparrjyov^ pirjBe mareveiv Ticrcra- 

30 <pepvet. 6 Be Rkeapyos layvpcos Karerecvev, ecrre Boe- 
irpd^aro nrevre fiev crrparrjyov^ levai, elicocri Be Xoya- 
yovs • (TVV7]fco\ov9r)crav Be go? eh dyopav /cal rcbv aXkcov 
arpanorcov o>9 Biaicbcrioi. 

31 'Eirel Be rjaav eirl rah S-vpats rah TiacrcKpepvowz, 
ol fjuev crrparrjyol rrapeicKiqOrjcrav eicrco, Ilpo^evos Boigo- 
tios, Mevcov @erra\6$, 'Aycas ^Apicd?, KXeapyos Ad- 
tccov, ^ooKpdrrjs 'A^cuos' ol Be ~\,o%ayol eirl &vpai<$ 

32 efievov. ov ttoXKo) Be vcrrepov dirb rov avrov arjfieiov 
ol t' evBov %vve\api{3dvovro /cal ol e^co KareKoirrjcrav. 
jierd Be ravra rcbv (Bap(3dpcov rive? lirirecov Boa rod 
ireBiov iXavvovre? cprivu evrvyydvoiev "EXkr/vi r) Bovkco 

33 i) ekevOepco irdvras e/creivov. ol Be ''EWrjves ttjv re 
l r KTrao'iav avrcov eOavpba^ov etc rov crrparoTreBov opcov- 
T6? kcl\ o, ri eiroiovv rjficpeyvoovv, irplv Nl/capyos Ap- 
Kas r}fce cpevycov rerpcopievos eh rr)v yacrrepa ical ra 
evrepa ev rah yeptrlv eycov, /cal elire rrdvra ra yeyevrj- 

34 pueva. etc rovrov Br) ol (/ E\\r]ve<z eOeov eirl ra oifka 
irdvres eKTrenrkrjypLevoi koX vofjuityvres avrl/ca rj^etv 

35 avrov? eirl ro arparoireBov. ol Be rrdvre? jiev ov/c 
rfkOov, 'Apialos Be ical 'Aprdo^os /cal McOptBdrr)?, o'l 
r)crav Kvpco iriarorarot • o Be rcbv r EKKr]vcov eppLrjvevs 
ecprj /cal rov Ttcrcracpepvov? dBe\<pbv crvv avroh bpav 
teal ytyvcocr/ceiv ^vvtjko\ov6ovv Be teal oXXol Uepacbv 

36 reOcopa/acrpLevoi eh rpia/cooriov?. ovroi ercel iyyv? 
rjaav, irpocreXOelv e/ceXevov el T£? eXr) rcbv * EXkrjvcov r) 
crrparrjybs r) Xoyayos, iva dirayye'Ckcocri ra rrapa ftacri- 

37 Xeco?. fiera ravra i%r}\0ov cpvkarrojuevoo rcbv r EXkr)- 
vcov o-rparr]yol jxev KXedvcop 'Op^opievios K,a\ Xo§aL- 
veros 2jrv/jL(pd\io<;, %vv avroh Be 'Bevocpcov ''AOrjvaZos, 
07ra)9 fJidOoi ra irepl Upo^evov Xeipicrocjios 8' ervyya- 
vev diroiv ev fccofirj rcvl %uv aXkois eiricriritppbevo^t 



BOOK II. CHAP. V. VI. 57 

iirel Be ecrrrjcrav et? iirrjKOov, elirev *Apia2o$ rdBe. 38 
KXeap^os fzev, cl) avBpes tr EXXr)ve<s, eirel ernopKiov re 

€<paV7] KCLl TO-9 <J7T0vBa<i XvCOV, €%6t, TT]V BlK7)V KdX T6- 

OvrjKe, Upo^evos Be Kal Mevcov, ore Karrp/yetXav avrov 
ttjv ernfiovXrjv, ev fieydXy rififj elaiv. vfias Be [6] 
fiao'iXevs ra oirXa dirairel' avrov yap elval (prjerev, 
erreLirep Kvpov rjaav rod i/ceivov BovXov. irpbs ravra 39 
anreKptvavTO ol r/ EXXrjves, eXeye Be KXedvcop 6 'Op^o- 
fievw £} Ka/aare dvOpcorrcov 'Apiale Kal ol dXXoi, 
6<jol rjre Kvpov (plXoc, ovk alayyveaOe ovre $eou? ovr 
avOpGOTrovs, olrives ofiocravres 7)pZv rovs avrovs (piXovs 
Kal e%0povs vojuietv, irpoBovres r},u<a<; crvv Tcaaacpepvei, 
tco dOecordrco re Kal iravovpyordrco tovs re avBpa? 
avTovs oh co/xvvre &>9 diroXwXiKare Kal tovs aXXovs 
??/xa? TrpoBeBcoKore? £vv rots rroXepLLOis i<j> rj/xa^ ep-%e- 
cr6e. 6 Be ' 'Apcalos el7re, KKeap^o^ yap irpoaOev em- 40 
fiovXevcov (pavepbs iyevero Ticrcracpepvei re Kal 'Opovra, 
Kal ttclgiv rjjMv rot? %vv rovroi^. eirl tovtois Eevo- 41 
(pcov rdBe ei7re. KXeap^o? /xev rolvvv el irapa rovs 
opKovs eXve ra? cnrovBds, rr)v Blkyjv e-^ec BiKaiov yap 
diroXXvcrOaL rovs e7rLopKovvra^ m Ilpotjevos Be Kal Me- 
vcov eTreiirep elalv vjikrepoi [xev evepyerai, rjfierepou 
Be o-rparrjyol, rreyw^are avrovs Bevpo' Br}Xov yap on 
(piXot ye 6We? dfAcfiorepois nreipdaovrau Kal vfilv Kal 
7)plv ra (BeXncrra tjv/nfiovXevetv. 7ry?o? ravra ol (3dp- 42 
j3apoc rroXvv yjpovov BiaXe-yQevres dXXrjXoi^ dirr)X0ov 
ovBev drroKpivdpievoi. 

Ol [lev Br) crrparrjyol ovrco Xr^devres dvrj^Orjcrav G 
a>? (Sao-iXea Kal dirorpLrjOevre^ t<x? KecjiaXas ereXev- 
rijcrav, eh jmev avrtov KXeap^os 6{AoXoyov/JLevQ)<; Ik 
irdvrcov rcov ep,7reipco<; avrov eyovrwv B6%a<? yevecrdac 
dvr)p Kal TroXepLiicbs Kal cpiXoTroXefios ea^drco<;. Kal 2 
yap Br) ew? fiev iroXepios rjv rot? AaKeBai\xovioi^ 7T/50? 

toi)? *A6r}vaiov<$ nrapepuevev, eirel Be elprjvr) eyevero, 

3* 






58 xenophon's anabasis. 

Treicras rrjv avrov rroXiv go? ol OpaKes aZacovat, rov? 
a 'EXXrjva? teal Biairpa^dpuevos go? eBvvaro rrapa rcov 
i(popoov e^eirXei co? rroXefXTjaoov to2$ virep Xeppovrjo-ov 

3 Kal HeplvQov ©pa^tv. errel Be jjuerayvovre^ 7rco? 01 
ecpopoc 77877 e^G) 6W0? avrov diroarpecfyeiv avrov errei- 
pcjvro i£ 'Icrd/jLov, evravOa ovtciri rreiOerai, aXh! <pX eT0 

4 rrXecov eh ' EXXrjo-rrovrov. etc rovrov Kal eOavarcoOrj 
inrb rcov ev rfj Xrraprr) reXcov go? direiOcov. rjBr] he. 
(f)vya<; cov epyerai rrpos Kvpov, Kal oiroiovs puev Xoyois 
eireicre Kvpov dXXy yey pairrai, BiBcacri Be avrco Kvpos 

5 /Avplovs BapetKOvs' 6 Be Xa/Scov ovk errl paOvfilav erpa- 
irero, aX)C curb rovrcov rcov ypTj/jbdrcov crvXXe^a^ crrpa- 
revpLa eiroXepbeu rol<? Gpa^l, Kal fidyr} re evUrjae Kal 
cltto rovrov Brj e<f>epe Kal rjye rovrov^ Kal rroXepbcov 
Bieyevero ft£%pi> Kvpos iBerjOr} rod arparevpuaros' rbre 

6 Be dirfjXOev co? f vv eKelvco av iroXefirjcrcov. ravra ovv 
cpiXorroXefiov fioc BoKel dvBpbs epya elvai, oo~ri<$ e£bv 
fiev elpr\VY]v eyeiv ilvev alcryyvr)^ Kal (SXajSrjs alpelrai 
TToXe/jbeiv, e^bv Be pctOvjielv /SovXerai rrovelv ware 
rroXepbelv, i£bv Be ^prf/iara eyeiv aKivBvvcos alpelrai 
iroXe/jucov fuetova ravra rroieiv eicelvo? Be cocrirep et? 
rraiBiKa rj eh aXXrjv riva rjBovrjv rfieXe Barravav eU 

7 TroXejLiov. ovrco fiev <piXo7r6Xe/xo^ r/v Tro/Ve/a/co? Be 
av ravry iBoKeo elvai, on (fiiXoKivBvvos re r\v Kal 
rjfiepa? Kal WKrbs ay cov errl rov$ iroXepblov^ Kal ev 
rot? Betvols cppovifios, go? ol rrapovres rravraypil^nrdvre^ 

8 cb/JLoXoyovv. Kal dpyiKos S' eXeyero elvai go? dvvarbv 
Sk rov roiovrov rpbirov, otov Kcljcelvos elyev. iKavb? 
(iev yap go? Tt? Kal aXko<; ^povrl^eiv rjv, ottoo? eyoi rj 
arparia avrS ra eTTLrrjBeia, ical Trapa&Kevd^eiv ravra, 
iKavbs Be Kal e [Airoirja at rol<z irapovcriv, go? rreicrreov 

9 e'lrj KXedpyop. rovro S' eiroiei e/c rod %aA.e7ro? elvai* 
Kal yap bpav crvyvbs rjv Kal rfj (pcovfj rpayvg, Iko- 
Xa^e re del lo"xypoos, Kal opyfj ivlore, go? koI avrw 






BOOK II. CHAP. VI. 59 

fjuerafiekeiv ecrd' ore. /cal yvcofirj S' i/coXa^ev d/coXd- 
(TTOv yap CTTparevfAaTos ovBev tjyetro ocfreXos elvai, 
dXXd /cal Xeyeiv avTov efyaaav, &)? Beoi tov arpanct)- 10 
rrjv (fiofielcrOat fiaXkov tov apyovTa r) tovs TroXepbiovs, 
el jmeXXoi rj (f>vXa/cd<; ^vXd^etv r) cfriXcov dcf)e^eo-6ac r) 
dirpotyacricrTCds Ikvai irpb^ tou9 TroXeficov^.y/ ev /z.ez/11 
ovv Tot? Beivols rfieXov avTov d/coveiv crcpoBpa /cal ov/c 
ciXXov rjpovvTO ol crrpaTtcoTac' /cal <ydp to crrvyvov 
Tore (haiBpbv avrov ev tois 7rpocra)7rot? echacrav (batve- 
cruat teat to yaXeirov eppcofi&cfv 7rpo? tovs iroXepLiovs 
eBo/cec elvai, wo~Te acoTrjpiov /cal ov/ckm yaKeirbv ecf>ai- 
veTO' 6t6 B* e^co tov Beivov yevoivTo /cal e^elrj 7rpo? 12 
aXXov? dp^ofievov^ dirikvai, woXXol al)Tov direXeiTrov' 
to yap eiviyapi ov/c elyev, aXX' del %aXe7rbs r\v /cal 
o)/xo? • cocrTe Bie/ceivTO 7rpo? avTov ol CTTpaTi&TaL coenrep 
7ralSe<; 7rpo? BiBda/caXov. /cal yap ovv (friXia fiev ical 13 
evvoia eiropukvov^ ovBirroTe elyev omw? Be rj virb 
TToXecos TeTaypbivoi ySvirb tov BelaOai rj aXXy tivI 
dvdy/crj /caTeyopevoi Trapecrjo-av avTco, a<f)6Bpa ireiOo- 
fievocs e'vpi^TO. eirel Be rjp^avTO vi/cdv %vv avTto tovs 14 
TToXefjLLOvs, tfBrj [xeydXa rjv tcl xprjcrl/iovs iroiovvTa el- 
vai tovs jji/v avT(p o-TpaTcdoTas' to re yap 7rpb<; tov? 
iroXepblovs QappaXkcos eyeiv irapr)v /cal to tt)v Trap 
i/cecvov TifjLcopiav <$>o(3elo-6ai avTov? evTa/CTOvs eTroiet. 
tJiovto^ [xev Br) dpycov r)v • apyecrdai Be virb aXXcov ov 15 
fidXfi eOkXeiv eXeyeTo. rjv Be bWe eTeXevTa djJbtyl to, 
TrevTrjKovTa eTTj. 

Up6<~evo$ Be 6 BotcoTios ev6vs puev pieipdiciov o>v 16 
eireOvfieC yevkaOai dvrjp tc\ fxeydXa irpaTTeiv l/cavo^* 
/cal Bid TavTrjv tt)v eiriOvjiiav eBco/ce Topyla dpyvptov 
T(p AeovTLVco. eirel Be avveyeveTO eiceivcp, i/cavbs vo/jll- 17 
cas 7]Br) elvat /cal dpyeiv /cal cfriXos cbv to2<$ irpwTois 
jur/ rjTTciaOai evepyeTcbv, rfxOev et? TavTas ra? crvv 
Kvpco irpd^eis' /cal ooero /cTrjaeaOac e/c tovtcov ovofut, 



60 xenophon's anabasis. 

jxeya zeal hvvafiiv fieydXrjv zeal ^prjjiara TroWd, 

18 tootovtcov <>' eiri6v[xcov crcpohpa evhrjXov av zeal tovto 
cl^ev, 0Tl t °vtcov ovBev av QeXoi KTaaOai fxera dBi- 
klcls, dWd crvv tw Bizealco zeal zeaXco ojero Beiv tovtcov 

19 Tvy^dveiv, dvev Be tovtcov /jltj. dp^eiv Be zeaXcov fJbev 
teal ayaOcov BvvaTo? r)v ov fievToi ovt alheo tois 
o~TpaTicoTais eavTOv ovre cpofiov l/eavbs e/xmoirjcrai, 
dXXd zeal r)cryyveTO [xdXXov tov$ CTTpaTicoTas rj ol 
dpyofievoi izeeivov, koX cfiofiov/jievos fiaXXov rjv cpavepbs 
to dire^ddvecrOai to£9 o-rparicorat^ rj ol crrpancoTac 

20 to dirio-Telv eteeivco. coeTO he dp/eeiv 777509 to dpyitebv 
elvai zeal hozeeiv top fiev zeaXcb? iroiovvTa iiraiveiv, tov 
Be dhizeovvTa fir) eiraivelv. TOiyapovv aiiTco ol fiev 
zeaXoi Te tear/ ad ol tcov gvvovtcov evvoi rjcrav, ol he dhi- 
koi eirefiovXevov &>? ebfieTayeiplcTTcp ovti. otc he dire- 
Ovrjcrzeev rjv eTcbv &>9 TpidteovTa. 

21 Mevcov he 6 QeTToXbs hr)\o$ rjv eiriQvficov fiev 
TfkovTelv lar'xypcbs, eiriOvjxcov he dpyeiv, qitcos irXeico 
KajjbfidvoL, iircduficov he TifidcrOai, %va irXeico zeephatvoi' 
<j)l\o<; Te i/SovXeTO elvai tois fieyicrTa hvvafievois, Xva 

22 dhitecov jll7] hiholrj hizerjv. V eTrl he to zeaTepyd^ecrOai cov 
eiriQvfioir] avvTOficoTaTTjv coeTO ohbv elvai hid tov eiri- 
opteelv Te zeal tyevhecrdai zeal e^arraTav, to 8' dirXovv 

23 teal to dXrjOe? evofii^e to avTO tco rjXiOico elvai. crTep- 
ycov he cpavepbs /.Lev rjv ovheva, otco he cpacrj <£tA,09 
elvai, tovtco evhrjXo? eyiyveTO e7ri[3ovXevcov. zeal nro- 
Xefilov fJiev ovhevos zeaTeyeXa, tcov he ctwovtcov irdvTcov 

24 d)? zeaTayeXcbv del hieXeyeTO. zeal tois fiev tcov 7roXe- 
filcov zeTr]fiao~iv ovze eirefiovkeve' ^aXeirbv yap coeTO 
elvai to, tcov cpvXaTTOfievcov Xafifidveiv tc\ Be tcov <fci- 
\cov fiovos coeTO elhevai pacrTov bv d<f>v\a/eTa \apLJ3d- 

25 veiv. zeal ocrov? f^bv alcrOdvoiTo eVtop/rou? zeal dhizeov? 
a>? ev coirXio-fievov<; i(j)o/3eLTO, tois S' octiois zeal dXrj- 
Oeiav dazeovcriv co? dvdvhpoi<; eireipaTO yjprjcrQai. 



BOOK II. CHAP. VI. 61 

coairep he Tt? dydXkeTCti eVl Seocrefiela koX d\7)delci26 
fcal SiKaLOTrjTt,, outco Mevcov rjydWero tco i^airardv 
hvvacrOai, tco nrkdcracrOai yjrevhr], tw (f)l\ov<? hiaye\dv 
tov he fMT] iravovpyov tcov dircuhevTcov del evofii^ev el- 
vac, jcal Trap' ol? puev eire^elpev irpcoTeveiv cjxXta, 
hiafidWcov tov? irpcoTOVS tovtovs cocto hecv KTTjcra- 
aQai. to Se ireiOofievovs tov<$ crTpaTicjOTa? irape^ecrOai 27 
etc tov Gvvahiicelv avidly ipb^-^avdro. Tip,dcrQai Be 
koX QepcnrevecrOai, rfelov eiriheiKVVjJievo^, ore ifkelcna 
hvvaiTO teal eOekoi dv dhacelv. evepyecriav he fcare- 
\eyev, 07r6re Tt? clvtgv d^lcrraro, on %pcopLevo<; avTco 
ovk aTrcokeaev clvtov. V /cal rd puev hr) depavrj e^earc 28 
irepl clvtov tyevheo-Qai, a he Trdvres Laaac rdh" ecrrL 
irapd ^ApiGTLTTTrcd fiev ere cbpalos cov crrpaT7]yelv hce- 
irpd^aTO tcov £evcov, ^ Apiaico he /3ap/3dpco ovtl, ore 
fiecpafcloc<; /caXols rjheTO, oltceioraTos en coptuos cov 
iyevero, clvtos he TrcuhiKa efye ©apvirav dyeveoos cov 
yeveicovTa. dirodvrjGKovTcov he rcov gvctt parity cov, on 29 
io-rpdrevcrav iirl (BaaCKea %vv Kvpco, ravrd ireiroir]- 
/cgo? ovk direQave, fierd he tov tcov dXkcov S-dvaTov 
GTpaT7\ycov TifJLCoprjOeXs vtto j3ao~i,\eco$ direQavev, ofy 
coairep KXeap'Xps kcl\ ol dXXoc GTpaTrjyol diroT /lct] 6 ev- 
T69 ra? KecpaXds, oenrep TayicrTO^ 3-dvaTO<$ hoxel elvcu, 
dXXd ^cov aliaaOeXs eviavTov &)? irovrjphs XeyeTac t?}? 
TeXevTrjs TW^eiv. 

'Ayia? he 6 'Apfcds koX ^cofcpaTT)? 6 ^A^cuos teal 30 
tovtco a7redaveT7jv. tovtcov he ovd* co? ev rroXepLco 
kclkcov ovhels KdTeyeka ovt eh cpiXiav clvtovs i/me/A- 
cpeTo. 7]ctt7]V he dficpco dp,cf)l tc\ irevTe kcu TpiaKovTa 
€tt] diro yeveds. 



62 xenophon's anabasis. 



BOOK HI. 

1 f Oct a /lev hr) iv ry dvaj3dcret rfj pberd Kvpov oi 
"EXXrjves eirpa^av ^XP L T ^ P^X 7 !?* KCbl ocra, iirel 
Kvpo$ ireXevrrjcrev, iyevero dircovrcov rcov ^EXXrjvcov 
crvv Ttcraacpepvei, iv Tat? cnrovhals, iv rep TrpocrOev 

2 Xoyw heh?]Xcorac. eVel he oi re crrpaT^yol avveiXrj/jL- 
pL&vob rjcrav teal rcov Xo^aycov teal tcdv crrparbcoTcov ol 
crvveiropbevoL diroXcoXecrav, iv iroXXfj hr) diropia rjcrav 
ol "EXXrjves, ivvoovpuevoi [xev, on inn, reus fiacriXecDS 
&vpai$ rjcrav, tcvteXrp he avrols nravrrj 7roXXa ical eOvrj 
teal TroXecs iroXejiiai rjcrav, dyopdv he ovhels en nrapk- 
%eiv e/ieXXev, direlypv he rrjs 'EXXdhos oh fielov i) 
fjuvpua crrdhca, rjye/Jicbv 8' ovheh Trjs ohov rjv, Trorafiol 
he hielpyov dhidfiarob iv fiecrcp rij<s otteahe ohov, irpov- 
hehwteecrav he avrovs teal ol crvv Kvpcp dva(Bdvre<$ (3dp- 
fiapob, pLovob he tearaXeXebix/xivob r)crav ovhe lirirea 
ovheva avpupua^pv eyovjes, cocrre evhrjXov rjv, ore vbiecbv- 
t€? fiev ovheva av teaTatedvobev, rjTrrjdevrcov he avrcov 

3 ovhel? civ XebcpOelrj. ravra ivvoov/ievob teal ciOv/icos 
e^ovTes bXlyob /lev avrcov eh rr)v ecnrepav crirov iyev- 
cravro, okiyoi he irvp dveteavcrav, iirl he rd oirXa ttoX- 
Xol ovte rjX0ov ravrrjv rr)v vvtera, dveiravovro he oirov 
irvy^avev eteao~TO<$, ov hwdpuevob teaOevhebv inrb Xvirrjs 
teal nroOov trarpiheav, yovecov, yvvactecov, iralhcov, ou? 
ovttot evofjbi^ov en, o^ea-Bab. ovrco fiev hr) hcateei- 
fjuevoL Trdvres dveiravovro. 

4 "*Hv he rt? iv rfj crrparba l Bevo<pcov ^AOrjvaios, o? 
ovre aTparrjybs ovre Xo%ayb<> ovre crrparicbrrjs cov 
crvvrjieoXovOeb, dXXd Upo^evos avrbv pLereirefi-^aro ol- 
KoOev %evo$ cov dp^alo^ • hiricryyelTO he avrca, el eXOoi, 
cpiXov avrbv Kvpco Troi^creiv, ov avrbs ecj>r) tepeLTTto 



BOOK III. CHAP. I. 63 

iavTQ) vofjil^eiv 77}? irarpLBo<$. 6 fjiivTOO iaevo(f)(x)v dva- 5 
yvovs ttjv emaroXrjv dvanoivovrai ^cofcpdrec t<£> *A6r}- 
valw rrepl rr)$ rropelas. kcli 6 ^cotcpdrr)*; inroTrrevcra^ 
jxrj n 7rpo? t?}? 7rokew<; errairiov ecrj Kvpcp (piXov yeve- 
ctOcll, otl eBoiceu 6 Kvpos TrpoOv/jLcos roh AatceBaipboviois 
eirl ra? *A6r)va<; <TV/uL7ro\€jjLf)crcu, avfi^ovXeveu roi &evo- 
(f>cx)vrc ekOovra eh AeX<pov$ ava/cowcoo-cu tg5 &e£> rrepl 
rrjs Tropelas. eX6u>v S' 6 'Bevocpcov errrjpero rbv 'AiroX- 6 
Xo), rivi av Qeaiv Qvoov teal evyop^evo^ /caXXcar av ical 
aptara eX6oi rr)v 6B6v, rjv emvoel, teal /caX6o<; irpa^as 
o~o)6eir). teal dvelXev avrat o AiroKXwv Seoh oh eBec 
Svecv. eVel Be rrdXiv r)X0e, Xeyet rr)v fiavretav rco 7 
XwKpdret. o 8' d/covcras r)naro avrov, ore ov rovro 
rrp&rov rjpoora, rrorepov Xwov eir) avrS rropeveaOai r) 
jxevetv, dX)C clvtos KpLvas Ireov elvat rovr eirvvQdvero, 
07ra)? av tcaXXtcrra rropevOeirj. errel ptevrot ovra)<; r]pov, 
ravr , 6(p7}, %pr) rrotelv, ocra 6 Seo? eKeXevaev. 6 puev 8 
8t) aevo^cov ovrco, Qvcrdfievos oh dvelXev 6 3-eos, e'^e- 
rrXet teal KaraXap,{3dvet ev ^dpBecrt Upo^evov ical Kv- 
pov fieXXovras rjBr) op/xav rr)v avco 6B6v, teal crvvearddrj 
Kvpq). TrpoOvfJLOvfJLevov Be rod Upo^evov ical 6 Kvpos 9 
av/jL7rpov0vfielTO fielvat avrov elire Be ore, erretBdv 
rdytcrra r) crrpareca Xtj^jj, evOvs diroTrepi^etv avrov. 
eXeyero Be 6 crroXo? elvat eh liter [Ba<^. ear par ever o 10 
jjuev By ovra><; e^arrarrjOeh, ov^ biro Ilpo^evov ov yap 
fjBeo rr)V eirl fiaaiXea opjurjv ovBe aXXos ovBels rcov 
'EXXrjvcov irXrjv KXedp^ov eirei [xevroi eh KcXiKiav 
rfkdov, cracpes rracnv tjBti eBo/ceo elvai, ore 6 crroXos ecrj 
iirl ftacrcXea. <fio{3ovfjLevoc Be ri]V bBbv zeal a/covres 
OyCto)? ol 7roXXol Bo 1 alo-^vvTjv real dXXrfkwv ical Kvpov 
avvTjKoXovdrjaav' <bv eh fcal Hevo<f>o)v rjv. eirel Sell 
diropia yv, eXvirelro /xev aiiv roh aKkots tcai ov/c iBv- 
varo tcaOevheiv fjuucpbv 8' vttvov Xa^cov elBev ovap. 
eBo^ev avrw /3povri)s yevo[ievr]<; afcrjirrbs rreaelv eh 



64 XEN0PH02TS ANABASIS. 

tt)v irarpwav ol/clav, /cal i/c tovtov Xd\iTreaQai iraaav* 

12 7repi(f)o/3os 8' evdvs dvyyepOr), /cal to ovap irfj fiev 
e/cpLvev dyaOov, on ev ttovols cov /cal /CLvhvvoL? <pco<; 
fjieya e/c Alos loelv eoo^e' Try be /cau ecpopeoTO, oti airo 
A lo<s fiev jBaaiKecos to ovap eho/ceL clvtco elvai, kv/cXw 
he eho/ceL XdfnrecrOaL to Tvvp, fir] ov hvvauTO e/c r?}? 
'Xcbpas e^eXOelv tt}? /3aac\eco<;, dXX' etpyoLTO irdvToOev 

13 vtto tivcov diropi&v. ottolov ti jJLevToi eo-Ti to toiov- 
tov ovap Ihelv e%eo~TC cncoirelv i/c tcov av^dvTcov [xeTa 
to ovap. yiyveTai yap Tahe. evdvs eVetS/) dvijyepOrj 
TrpodTov fiev evvoia ai)Tw epuTTLTTTei, tl /caTa/ceL/Liac ; 7) 
Be vv% Trpo[3aiveL' d^a he tjj r\yukpa el/cbs tov<$ TroXe- 
fjLiovs rj^eLv. el Be yevrjaofxeOa iirl (BacriKel, ti i/Airo- 
h<bv fir) ov^l irdvTa fiev tcl ^aXeircoTaTa iirihovTas, 
nrdvTa he tcl heLvoTaTa iraQovTas vfipL^ofievovs diro- 

14 Oavelv ; oVa)? 8' d/JLvvov/ieda ovhels irapacncevd'CfiTai 
ovhe inrLfxeXelTaL, dXkd /caTa/ceifieOa cocrirep e^bv rjorv- 
%iav dyeiv. eyco ovv tov e/c iroias 7r6Xecos GTpaTiqybv 
Trpoo~ho/ccb TavTa irpd^eLV ; iroiav V rfkL/ciav ifiavTO) 
iXOelv dvajievco ; ov yap eycoy eTL 7rpeo-(3vTepo<$ ecro- 

15 fiaL, idv Trifiepov irpohtb ifiavTov tol$ iroXefjLLOLS. i/c 
tovtov dvLCTTaTaL /cal crvy/caXel tovs Ilpo^evov 7rpcoTOV 
Xo%ayov<$. eirel he avvrjX0ov, eXe^ev, 'Eyco, co avhpes 
Xo^ayol, ovTe /caOevheLV hvva/naL, odcnrep, olfiaL, ovh' 

16 vjJbels, ovTe /caTa/celaOaL eTL, opcov, ev olols iajjuev. oi 
jjlev yap 7ro\e/iLOL hrjXov otl ov irpoTepov Trpbs rjjLLa? 
tov 7r6\ep,ov e^etprjvav irplv ivo/iLo-av /caX&s tcl eav- 
tcov 7rapea/cevda6aL, rjficov 8' ovhels ovhev dvTeniybe- 

17 XelTaL, oVci)? &)<? /cdXkLcrTa dycovLov/xeOa. /cal jjltjv el 
v(j>7)o-6/jLe0a /cal iirl /SacrLXel yevrjcro/jieda, tl olofieda 
ireicreaQaL ; 09 /cal tov of,tofir]TpLov /cal tov opbOTraTplov 
dheXcpov /cal TeOvrj/cdTGS rjhrj diroTepLwv tt)v /cecfiaXrjv 
/cal tt\v y/lpa dveaTavpwaev rjfAcLs he, ol<; Krjhe/xcbv 
[iev ovhels irdpecrTLv, eaTpaTevcrajiev he eir avTov co<? 



BOOK III. CHAP. I. 65 

BovXov avri fiacnXecos iron^aovTe^ teal airoKrevovvre^y 
el Bvvai/ieOa, tl av olofieOa iraOelv ; dp ov/c av iirl 18 
ttclv eXOoi, &)? rjjjLas ra eayara alKiadjievo^ irdaiv 
av0pa)TTOL<; (pofiov irapdayoi tov arparevcraL irore ew 
avrov ; aXh! oVo?? tol fir) eir eteeivco yevrjaofieOa irdvTa 
TTOLTjreov. i<ya) fiev ovv, eare fiev al airovBal rjaav, 19 
ovTTore €7rav6/jL7]v rjjjLcis fiev olfcreLpcov, fiaatXea Be teal 
tou? aiiv avTco fiateapl^wv, BiaOeco/nevos avTcov ogtyv 
jxev ^copav teal olav eypiev, ft)? Be dcj)dova ra eiriTrjBeia, 
ocrof? Be SepanrovTas, ocra he KTr]vr}, ^pvabv Be, eaOrJTa 
Be' tcl 8' av twv arparKorcov oiroTe ivdvfiotfATjv, ore 20 
roiv fiev dyaOwv irdvTcov ovBevbs r)[xlv fierecr], el fir) 
irptaLfieOa, otov S' covrjaofieOa fjBeiv ere oXiyovs eyov- 
ras, aX\co<; Be 7Tft)? iropi^eaOai rd eTTLrrjBeca r) d>vov- 
fievovs opteovs r)Brj feaTe^ovTas ^yu-a?' ravr ovv Xoyt- 
%6fievo<s evlore t<x? cnrovBds fidXkov i^o^ovjirjv rj vvv 
tov TToXefiov. eirel fievTOi eieelvoi eXvaav Ta? ctttov- 21 
Sa?, XeXvaOao /not, Boteel teal t) iteelvcov v/3pc<; teal t) 
y/jLerepa virotyia. ev fieaco yap rjBr] teelrai, ravra rd 
dyaOd dOXa oiroTepoi dv rjfioov dvBpe<; dfielvoves obenv, 
dyoovoGerai, 8' ol S-eoi elaiv, ol crvv rjfilv, ft)? to ei/co?, 
eaovrac. ovtol fiev yap avTOV<$ i7rccopK7]/eacnv ■ rffiel^ 22 
Be iroXXd opcovres dya6d crTeppcbs avrcov direiypfieQa 
Bid tov<$ Twv Qecbv opteovs. ware e^elval fioo Bo/eel 
levai eirl tov dycova ttoXv avv (ppovijjuaTO fieiCpvi i) 
tovtois. eTt 8' eyofiev croofiaTa IteavcoTepa tovtcov 23 
teal tyvx 7 } Kai QdXirr) teal ttovovs <pepecv eyopev Be 
teal 'yjrv^d^ avv rot? $eo£? dfielvovas • ol Be avBpe<; teal 
TpcoTol teal QvrjTol fiaXXov r)/jL(ov, tjv ol Beol, coairep 
to irpoaOev, viterjv rjfuv BiBwcriv. dXX y tcra)? yap teal 24 
aXXoc TavT evdv/AovvTac, 7rpo? tcov Qecov /ir) dvajxe- 
vcofiev aXXovs e<£' rj/ids eXOelv irapaicaXovvTas eirl Ta 
tedXXto-Ta epya, a\X' ^yLtet? dp^cofiev tov e^op/xr)o~ai 
teal tol»? dXXovs eirl tt)v dpeTr\v. <fidvr]Te tcov Xo%a- 



66 xekophon's anabasis. 

ywv dpicrroc Kal roov crTparrjycov d^ioaTpaTTjyoTepou 

25 icaycb Be, el jjlIv vpueh eOeKere e^opfiav eirl ravra, eVe* 
adai vfuv (BovXopLai, el B\ v/jieis rdrrere \xe r)yeta6at, 
ovBev irpo^aaiCpixab ttyv iiXiKiav, dXXd teal atcfia^eiv 
jjiyov/jLCLL ipvKevv air e\xavTov ra fcafcd. 

26 *0 fiev tclvt eXe^ev, oi Be Xoyayol aKOvaavTeq 
ravra rjyelaOao e/ceXeuov iravres, irXr)v ''AiroXXwviBr]^ 
Tt? rjv /3oLcoTid^cov rfj (pcovfj- ovtos S' elmev, ore (j)Xva- 
poLT] octtis Xeyoi aXXo)? 7rG>9 acoTrjpLas av Tvyelv rj 
ftaaiXea ireiaas, el BvvaiTO, teal ajxa r)pye.TO Xeyeiv 

27 77X9 dnzopia^. 6 puevroi, tzevocfycbv fiera^v v7roXa/3(bv 
eXe^ev a>Be. 9 «f2 &avpLaaid>TaTe avOpwire, av ye ovBe 
opcov yiyvcaaKeis ovBe d/covcov jiejxvr)crai. ev ravra) ye 
fievroi rjcrOa tovtov, ore /3aat,Xev$, eirel Kvpos dire- 
6ave, pueya cf>povrjaas eirl tovtq) 7rejn7rcov eicekeve irapa- 

28 BiBbvai la oirXa. eirel Be yfjuels ov irapaBovTes, dXX* 
e^cDTrXicrpLevoi, ek66vre<$ TrapeaKr)vr}aa\Jbev avrw, ri ovk 
eiroL7]ae nrpeafieis nrepLTTccv Kal airovBds alrcov Kal 

29 irapeyoav ra eTTLTrjBeia, ecrre airovBwv ervyev ; eVel 
B' av oi o-Tparrjyol Kal Xoyayoi, toairep Br) av KeXeveis, 
eh Xoyovs avrols avev ottXcov rjXOov iriaTevaavre^ Tal? 
airovBals, ov vvv eKelvoi iraiopbevoi, KevTovfievoi, vftpi,- 
t,6jievoi ovBe diroOavelv oi rXrjjiove<; Bvvavrai, Kal pidX\ 
ol/iai, ip&vres tovtov ; a av irdvra elBoos tovs puev 
dpuvveaQai KeXevovra<; (pXvapelv (pys, ireiQeiv Be ttclXiv 

30 KeXevets lovras ; e/iol Be, a) dvBpes, BoKel rov avOpco- 
ttov tovtov firjTe irpoaieaQai eh TavTO rjfilv avTofc 
dcpeXofjuevovs Te tt)v XoyayLav aKevrj dvaQevTa^ C09 
TocovTfp %prjadat. ovto<; yap Kal tt)v iraTpiBa KaTai- 
ayyvei Kal irdaav Tip 'EXXdBa, oti r EXXtjv cov tol- 

31 o0tc9 eaTiv. evTevQev vTroXafioov ''Ayaaias ^TVjn(pdXco<; 
elirevt *AXXd tovtu> ye ovTe ttjs BoLCDTta? irpoarjKeb 
ovBev ovTe tt)<; 'EXXdBos TravTairaaiv, eVel eyeb avTov 
eloov wairep AvBbv d^oTepa Ta o)Ta reTpvirrj/xevov, 



book in. CHAP. I. 67 

Kal elyev ovTCDS. tovtov fiev ovv airrfKaaav ol Be 32 
oKXol irapd to,? ra^et? lovres, oirov pev arpaTTjybs 
o-coo? elr), tov arpar^ybv irapeK&Xovv, oiroOev Be oc- 
yoiTO, tov VTTOO-Tparrjyov, oirov B' av Xo^ayos crcoo? 
6L7), tov Xo^ayov. eVel Be iravres GVvrjjXdov, eh to 33 
irpocrOev tcov ottXcov eKaQeCpvTO' Kal eyevovTO ol avv- 
eXOovres o-Tparrjyol Kal Xo^ayol a/Acpl row? etcarov. 
ore Be ravra r/v, a^eBbv fiecrai rjcrav vvtcres. evTavQa 34 
*IepcovvfJLOS 'HXeZos Trpeo-fSvTaTos cov tcov Ilpo^evov 
Xoyaycov rjpyeTO XeyeLV coBe. ^HfiZv, co avBpes GTpou- 
Trjyol kcu Xoyayol, opcocTL tcl irapovTa eBo^e /ecu avToZs 
crvveXOelv /ecu vjjlcls TrapaKaXecraL, ottcos fiovXevcraifieOa 
el to BwalfJueOa dyaOov. Xe^ov B\ ecpr), kcu av, co 
'Bevocpcbv, airep kcu Trpbs rjiid^. e/c tovtov Xeyet TciBe 
p,evocf)cov. 'AXXa tclvtcl [lev Br) iravTes eTTLaTciy^eQa, 35 
otl ftaaLXevs kcu TLaaacpepvrjs ot>? fiev iBvvrjdrjaav 
avveLXrjcpaaLV tj/jlcov, toZ<$ £>' clXXols BrjXov otl einfiov- 
Xevovaiv, co?, rjv BvvcovTaL, ciiroXeacoaLV. rjfuv Be ye, 
oIjulcu, ircivTa 7T0L7}Tea o)9 jjlt]itot eirl rot? (3ap{3cipoi<$ 
yevcojieOa, aXXa fidXXov, i)v Bvvco[ie6a, eKeZvoL e^' 
rj/xZv. ev toLvvv eiriaTaaOe, otl v/JLels toctovtoi ovTes, 36 
bcTQi vvv avveXtiXvOaTe, fieyiaTov e^ere Kcupov. ol yap 
GTpcuTicoTcu ovtoi irdvTe^ 7rpb<$ vjuLas j3Xe7rovaL, KCLV 
[lev vfids bpcocriv dQv\xovs, ir&VTes kcikoI ecrovTcu, rjv 
Be vjJLels avTol re irapaaKeva^opbevoL cpavepol rjTe eirl 
tov$ 7roXefJLLOv<; Kal tovs ciXXovs irapaKaXrjTe, ev lo~Te 

OTL e^OVTCLL V/xZv KOL TTCLpdaOVTaL /JLL/XeZaOaL. 60-(W9 37 
Si TOL KCU BlKaLOV CCTTLV V/JLCLS BiacjyipeLV TL TOVTCOV. 

v/JLels ycip e'erre GTpaTr\yoi, v/jLels Ta^iapyoL koX Xo^a- 
yot, Kai ore elpijvr) r\v, v/iels Kal yjpr]yiao'L Kal TLfials 
tovtcov eirXeoveKTelTe' Kal vvv tolvvv, eirel 7r6A,e/io? 
ecTTLV, ci^lovv oel vjids avTOVs afielvovs re tov TrXrj- 
6ov<$ elvaL Kal 7rpof3ovXeveLv tovtcov Kal irpoirovelv, 
r\v 7rov Bey. Kal vvv irpcoTOV fiev otofiaL av v/accs 38 



68 xenophon's anabasis. 

fieya ovrjaai to arpdrevfjea, el i7rifie\7j0e[r]T€ oircos 
avrl twv aTrdkafkoTcov &>? Tayicna GTpaTrjyol Kal 
Xo^ayol avTi/caracTTaOcbo-iv. dvev yap dpypvTWV ov- 
hev dv ovre tcaXbv ovre dyaObv yevoiTO, a>? fiev avv- 
eXovTi elnrelv, ovha/mov, ev he orj to£? iroXefJLiKols iravrd- 
iraaiv. rj fiev yap evratjia aco^eiv hoKei, rj he dra^ta 

39 7roXXou? rfhrj diroX<i>XeKev. eireihav he KaraaTrjarjcrOe 
tov<=> apypvTas ocrou? hel, rjv teal tovs dXXovs crrpa- 
TicoTas crvXXeyrjTe Kal irapaOappvvrfTe, olfiai dv vfids 

40 irdvv ev fcatpo) nroirjcrai. vvv fiev yap icro)? Kal vfieis 
alaOdveaOe, &>? d6v/JLQ)<; fiev r)X6ov eirl rd oirXa, d6v- 
fjLcos he 7rpo9 Tas (frvXa/cds' coare ovtco y e^ovrcov ovk 
olha o, ti av Tt? %prjaaiTO avTols elre vvktos heoi ti 

4 L elre Kal rffiepa^. rjv he Ti? avTcov Tpe^rr) t«? yvoofias, 
a>9 fir) tovto [xovov ivvocovrai, ti TreiaovTai, dXXa Kal 

42 ti TroirjGovcri, ttoXv evdvfiorepot, eaovrac. eirlaraade 
yap h/], on ovre 7rXi]66<; ecrrtv ovre t'cr^u? r) ev tco 
TroXefico t<W vUas iroiovcra, aXX' oirorepoi dv crvv toZs 
$eo£? rat? ^v^ais eppcofievearepoi ccoaiv eVl tovs iro- 
Xefilow?, tovtovs c»9 eirl to ttoXv ol evavTioi ov he^ov- 

43 Tab. evTeOvfirjfiai h ' eycoye, w avhpes, Kal tovto, oti, 
gttoctoi fiev fiacrTevovcri ^r)v Ik iravTos Tpoirov ev tols 
7ro\efjLiKol<;, ovtoi fiev KaKcb? Te Kal ala^pw^ cJ? eirl 
to iroXv diroOvrjo-Kovaiv, oirocroi he tov fiev S-dvaTOV 
eyvd>Kao~i irdai koivov elvai ical dvayKaiov dvQpd>iroi<$, 
Trepi he tov koXgos diroOvrjcrKeiv dycovl^ovTac, tovtovs 
opco fidXXov 7reD<; et? to yjjpas dfyiKVOvfievovs Kal ea)? 

44 dv ^(ocnv evhaijjbovso-Tepov hudyovTas. a Kal rjfjbd^ hel 
vvv KaTa\xaQbvTa<$, ev Tocoi/Tcp yap KatpS ecrfiev, av- 
Tou? Te avhpas dya6ov<$ elvai Kal rou? aXkovs irapa- 

45 KaXelv. 6 fiev TavT elircov eiravaaTo. fieTa he tovtov 
elire Xeipicrocjios, 'A\\d irpoaOev fiev, a> aevocp&v, to- 
ctovtov fLovov ere eytyvwcTKOV, ocrov tjkovov ^AOrjvalov 
elvai, vvv he Kal eiraiv^ ere e<$ oU Xeyeis Te Kal 



BOOK III. CHAP. I. II. 69 

irp&TTeis, fcal fiovXoLfirjv av otl irXeio-TOVs elvao tolov- 
tov?' kolvov yap av etij to dyaOov. Kal vvv, €(f>rj, fir) 46 
fieXXcofiev, c5 avSpes, dXX' aTreXOovTes rjBr) alpelaOe ol 
Beo/ievoo acwovTas, Kai eXofievoi rj/cere et? to fieaov tov 
crTpaTOireMv Kal tov<; alpedevTas ayeTe' eireiT i/cel 
avyKaXovfiev tov<$ aXXov? GTpaTicoTas. irapeaTco S' 
rjjMv, e<prj, Kal ToX/ilBr)? o KTjpv^. Kal d/ia TavT el- 47 

7TCOV aV6G~T7), &)? fir) fieXXoiTO, dXXd TTEpaiVOLTO TO, 

BeovTa. eK tovtov ypeOrjaav ap^ovTes clvtI fiev KXedp- 
yov Tifiacrlcov Aaphavevs, glvtI Be XcoKp&Tovs HavOi- 
K\r)s ' ' Ayaios, clvtI Be Ayiov KXedvcop 'ApKas, clvtI 
Be Mevcovos <J>i\/]o~io<> ^Ayaios, clvtI Be JJpo^evov He- 
vocpcov 'AdrjvaLOS. 

'Errel Be f/prjvTO, rjfiepa re cryeBbv virecpaive Kal et? 2 
to fieaov tjkov ol ap'XpvTes. Kal eBotjev avTols irpo- 
(pvkaKas KaTao-TTjaavTas crvyKaXetv tovs crTpaTLcbTas. 
eTrel Be Kal ol aXXoi GTparicoTai o~vvr)X6ov, dvecrTT) 
irpoiTov fiev Xecpccrocfios 6 AaKeBacfiovcos Kal eXe^ev 
coBe. **£! avBpes crTpaTicoTai, ^aXeird fiev tcl irapovTa, 2 
oiTOTe dvBpcov o-TpaTrjycov tolovtcov crTepofieOa Kal** '*/* ' 
Xoyaycov Kal crTpaTicoTcov, irpb<; 8' eTi Kal ol dficpl 
^Apialov, ol irpoaOev GVfifiayoi 6We?, irpoBeBcoKacrcv 
7]jjua<;' oficos Be Bel eK tcov irapovTcov avBpas dya6ov$ 3 
re eXOelv Kal fir) vfyiecrOai, dXXa TreipdaOai, oVco?, 
i)v fiev BvvcofieOa, KaXcos vLKcbvTes crco^co/ieda' el Be fir}, 
dXXd KaXcos ye dnroOvrjcrKcofiev, viroyelpioi Be fiiqBeiroTe 
yevd>fie6a tfovTes rot? iroXefiiois. oiofiai yap av rjjids 
TOiavTa iraOelv, ola tov<$ e^0pov<; ol &eol irou'icreiav. 
eirl tovtco KXedvcop ^Op^ofievio^ dvecrTT) Kal eXetjev coBe. 4 
'AX7J opaTe fiev, co avBpes tt)v /3acnXeco<$ eiriopKiav 
Kal dcrefteiav, opaTe Be Tr)v Ticraa^epvov^ diriaTLav, 
ocTTt? Xeycov d)? yeiTcov re el'rj ttjs 'EXXdBos Kal irepl 
irXelcTTOV av nroirjcraiTO croicrai rjfjLas, Kal eirl tovtois 
ai/Tos dfiocras r)p,lv, avTos Sefta? Bovs, avTos e^aira^ 



70 xenophon's anabasis. 

TTjcras avveka^e tovs <tt parity ovs, teal ovhe Ala %evioi 
rjheaOr}, dXXa Kkedpyay fcal o/jLOTpdire^os yevojievos 
avTots tovtois l^aiTwriqaa^ tovs dvhpas diroX&XeKev. 

5 'Apiaios he, bv rjfJLeis r)6eXojJbev /SacnXea. KaOiaravat, 
teal iScofca/jLev koI eXdfiofiev iriara /ultj irfw&aicreiv dX- 
XrjXovs, fcal ovtos ovre tov<$ $eou? heiaas ovre Kvpov 
tov T€0v7]fc6ra alheaOels, TifMco/JLevos fidXiara virb Kv- 
pov ffivTOS, vvv 77750? tovs eiceivov €%6io~tov<s diroaTas 

6 rjfias tovs Kvpov cplXovs xafccos irotelv ireipd/rai. dXka 
tovtovs [lev ol S-eol diroTLcraiVTO' 7][xds he Set ravra 
opoovras firjiroTe e^aTrarrjBrjvai, en vtto tovtcov, dXXd 
/la^o/jievovs &>? dv hwoajieOa /cpdroara tovto, 6, tl dv 
hoicf] tols f&eot?, irdayeiv. 

7 'E/c tovtov zievo(p(x)V dviQ~TCLTai iarTak/JLevos iirl 7ro- 
Xe/Jiov w? eBvvaro /cdWco-ra, vofil^cov, elre vlktjv hchocev 
ol &eoi, rbv /cdXXcaTov /coo-fiov tS vlkclv nrpeireiv, etre 
TeXevrdv heoi, bpOws eyew tcov fcaXXla-Tcov eavrbv d^cco- 
aavra iv tovtols 75975 TeXevTrjs rvy^dvetv • tov Xoyov 

8 Be 7]p%eTO coSe. Tr]v [lev t6>v fiapfidpoov eiriopiciav ts 
teal dirtGTLCLV Xeyeu fiev KXedvcop, eiricrTacrOe he teal 
vjiels, oljJLaC. el puev ovv (BovXevofjueOa irdXiv avTOts hid 
(piXias levai, dvdy/CT] rjfids 7roXXrjv dOvpblav eyeiv, opcov- 
Ta? teal tovs crrparriyovs, ol hid 7rio-Tecos clvtocs eavTOV<$ 
eveyeipicrav, ola 7reTr6v6ao~iv el jievToi hiavoovfieOa 
crvv tols ottXols &v re ireTronfjicacn hl/eTjv eiriQelvai 
avTOL? kclL to Xoarbv hid iravTos iroXefiov avTols levac, 
avv toIs Qeois iroXXaX tj/ilv koX fcaXal iX7rlhes elarl 

9 crG)T7]pia<;. tovto he XeyovTos avTOv iTTapwral tls' 
dtcovaavTes S' ol UTpwrioiTai irdvTes [iia op/if} wpocre- 
Kvvrjcrav tov Qeov, teal Izevocpcov elire, Aoicel fioi, a> 
iivhpes, eVel irepl acoTrjptag rjfiwv XeyovTcov, olcovbs tov 
A los tov crcDTrjpos i(j)dv7], ev^aaOai to5 Qea> tovto) 
Qvcrecv crcoTrjpia ottov dv irpwrov eh (JzlXlclv y&pav 
d(f)ifC(i)jjLe6a, crvveTrev^aaOat he teal tols dXXois &eoi$ 



BOOK III. CHAP. II. 71 

Svcreiv Kara ovva/juiv. Kal otco SoKet ravr , ecprj, dva- 
reivdrco Tyv yeipa. Kal avereivav aTravres. etc tovtov 
ev^avTO Kal liraicovicrav. lirel Se tcl tcov Qecov KaXcos 
el^ev, rfp^ero irctkiv coBe. ^EtTvyyavov Xeycov, otl tto\- 10 
Xal Kal KCbkaX iXirlBes ?;/ui> elev acoTijpLa^. irpcoTOV 
fiev yap rj/jLels jxev i/jL7reBovjxev tovs tcov Qecov op/covs, 
ol Be 7ro\ep,coi eiricopKiqKaGi re Kal ra? crirovBas Kal 
tovs opKovs XeXvKacrcv. ovrco S' eyovTcov et/co? rot? 
fiev iroXefiLois ivavTLOv? elvao rou? $eou?, rjficv Be ctv/ul- 
fidyovs, olirep IkclvoL elen, Kal tov$ fieyaXovs tclX v 
fiiicpovs iroielv Kal tovs [JLLicpovs, fcav ev Beivols cocrc, 
crco^eiv eu7reTco?, otclv j3ovXcovTai. eiretTa Be, ava\ivr\- 11 
crco yap u/xa? Kal roi>? tcov irpoyovcov tcov r\fieTepcov 
KtvBvvovs, Xva elBrJTe, a>? dyaOols T6 vjjllv irpocrrjKei 
elvai crco'CpvTai Te ctvv toZs SeoZs Kal e'/c irdvv Betvcov 
ol dyaOol' eXOovTcov fiev yap Uepacov Kal tcov ctvv 
a\)Toi<; 7rajLL7r\7]0ei cttoXco a>9 dcpaviovvTcov av6i<; ra? 
^Adrjva?, vTTOGTrjvaL avTtus ^ AQr\vaZoi ToXfiTjcravTes 
ivifcrjaav avTovs. Kal ev^dfievou ttj ^ApTepahi otto- 12 
crow; av KaTatcdvoiev tcov iroXefilcov TOcravTas %i[ia[pa<; 
KaTaOvaeiv tj} Qeco, eVel ovk eiyov iKavds evpeZv, eBo- 
%ev avTol? KaT iviavTov irevTaKoalas S-uecv, fcal e.Ti 
koX vvv diroOvovcriv. eireiTa 6Ve aep^7]<; vcrTepov dyei- 13 
pas ttjv dvapL0/jL7]TOV GTpaTidv rjXOev eVl tt)v *EXXdBa, 
Kal tot6 ivUcov ol rjfjbeTepoc irpoyovoi tov<? tovtcov 
irpoyovovs Kal Kara yrjv Kal KaTa QdXaTTav. cov €cttl 
fiev T€K/jL7]pia bpav tc\ Tpbiraia, fieyiGTOv Be fiapTvpiov 
7) iXevOepia tcov iroXecov, iv at? v/JueZs eyeveaOe kol 
iTpdcj)7]T6' ovSeva yap dvOpcoirov BeairoT^v, dXkd tov<; 
^eoL»? irpocTKUvelTe. toiovtcov fiev icrT6 irpoyovcov. oh 14 
fiev Bt) tovto ye ipco, w? vfMels KaTaicryvveTe avTovs' 
d\X ov7rco iroWal rj/xepai, def) ov dvTiTa^dfievoc tou- 

TOLS T02s 6K6LVC0V eKyovoL? TToXkaTrkatTLOVS VflCOV aiJTCOV 
iviKCLTd aVV TOi? &GOLS. Kal T0T6 fl6V 8r) 7T€pl T^9 15 



72 xenophon's anabasis. 

Kvpov /3acri\eia$ avhpe<; rjTe dyaOoi' vvv 8', oirore 

irepl rfjs vuerepa? crcoTrjpias 6 dycov ian, 7ro\v hrjTrov 

vfias irpoa/]Kei zeal d/ieivova? /cat irpodv/Jborepov^ elvai. 

16 dXkd pur)v zeal S-appaXecorepov? vvv Tcpenrei elvai irpos 

TOVS TToXe/jLLOVS. T0T6 fJL6V jap CLTTeipOl QVTe<$ CLVTWV 

to re ttXt/Oos dfierpov opcovres oficos iroX/jL^crare crvv 
tS irarptq} (ppovij/xaTO ikvai eh avTov^' vvv he OTrore 
/cat irelpav rjhr) eyerre avTcov, on QeXovai /cat TroWa- 
ifkdaioL ovres fir) heyeaOav v/acls, tL em vfilv irpoarjKei 
*7 tovtovs <^>o(Belcr6ai ; [irjhe jmevroo tovto jietov So^rjre 
eyew, el oi Kvpecoi irpocrOev crvv r)filv rarrofLevoL vvv 
d^ecrTrjKaaiv. en yap ovtoi /ca/ccoves elcri tcov vcj) 
rjfi&v 7]TT7)}ievG)v e<pevyov yovv 7rpo? e/celvovs /cara- 
\L7r6vres r)fjbd$. tovs he S-e\ovra<; cpvyfjs dpyeiv tto\v 
/cpelrrov crvv tocs TroXe/jLiocs rarro/jbevov^ rj ev rfj r)jjue- 

18 repa Ta<*ei opav. el Be ti<z av v/jlwv a6v[ie2, oti rjfilv 
fiev ov/c elcrlv 'nnrels, tol$ Be 7roXe/x/ot9 ttoXKoI ircipei- 
criv, ivOv/jb^drjre, on oi fivpioi lirirel^ ovhev aXXo rj 
fivpioi elcrtv dvOpwirov vtto fiev yap lirirov ev fidyrj 
ovhels Trcoirore ovre hrjyOels ovre \aicncr6e\s direBavev, 
ol he avhpes elcrlv ol Troiovvres 6, n av ev ral^ fLayais 

19 yLyvr)Tai. ov/covv ra)v ye iTnrewv ttoXv rjfJLeh eV dacpa- 
Xecrrepov oyfifiaTos ecrfiev ol fiev yap e<£' lttttcov /cpe- 
fiavrac, <fio{3ovfievoi, ov% rjfias fiovov, dWd zeal to 
KaTaireaelv r)fiel$ &' iirl yrj<; fie/Brj/coTes 7ro\v fiev 
IcryypQTepov iralaofiev, r]v Tt? Trpocrlrj, iroXv he fiaXXov 
otov av {3ov\cofie0a Tev^ofieOa. evt fiovcp Trpoeyovaiv 
ol LinTels rjfjLcLs' (pevyecv avTols dcrfyaXecrTepov eaTiv 

20 1) qulv. el he hrj tcl<; fxev ftdyas SappetTe, otl he ov- 
/ceTi rj/nLV Ttcrcra<f)epvr)s r)yr)aeTai ovhe j3acrLkev<; dyopdv 
nrape^et, tovto d^OecrOe, Gtce-^rauQe iroTepov /cpetTTOV 
Tcacra^epvrjv rjyefLova eyecv, 09 i7TLf3ov\evcov rjfuv <$>a- 
vepos ecrTiv, i) ou? av r)fiel<$ avhpa<; Xa/3o^re? r)yela6ai 
KeXevco/iev, ot eicrovTai, otl, rjv ti irepl r)fid<; ajxapTa- 



BOOK III. CHAP. II. 73 

vcocrt, Trepl t<x? eavT&v tyw)(a<; /cal crco/jLara ajiaprd- 
vovcn. ra Be eTririfieia irorepov covelaOav Kpelrrov 21 
e/c t?}? dyopas 779 ovtoi irapelypv, pci/cpa, piirpa ttoXXov 
apyvplov, /jbijBe tovto en, e%ovTa<;, ?} clvtoik; Xapufldveiv, 
rjVTrep tcparoofiev, fierpq) ^pcofievov;, OTrocrco av e/cacrTos 
fiovXrjTai. el he ravra \xev ycyvcoa/ceTe ore /cpeiTTova, 22 
tov$ Be 7TOTafj,c4>s diropov vofil^ere elvai, /cal pLeydXcos 
r)yelcr9e e^airaTrj6r]vai BiafidvTes, a/ce^aade, el dpa 
tovto /cal /JLOopoTciTOV TreTTOirj/cacriv ol fidpfiapot,. irdvTes 
(lev yap ol TroTa/ioo, rjv /cap irpocrco tcov 7rr]yct)v diropoi 
wen, irpolovat irpos tcls Trrjyas Bta/3aTol ylyvovTai ovBe 
to ybvv $peyovTe<$. el Be firjO* ol iroTap,ol Bi)]crovaiv, 23 
rjye/jbcov Te firjBels r)pblv (pavetTac, ovB' o>? r\ybLv ye dOu/nrj- 
Teov. iiriaTa/jLeOa yap Mvcrovs, ou? ov/c av rj/icov (fiatr)- 
jjuev j3e\Tiovs elvai, o'c /3acriXecDS ci/covtos ev tj) /3acnXe(D<; 
Xcopa iroXXds Te /cal evBaipiovas /cal fieydXas iroXets ol- 
Kovaiv, eTTLCFTdjJLeOa Be Uio-iBas ojcravTcos, Av/cdovas Be 
/cal avTol elBopiev otc ev tols ireBioL^ to, epvpuvd fcaTa- 
XafiovTes ttjv tovtcov ywpav /capirovvTac. ical rj/xa^ 24 
8' av e(J)7]v eycoye yjtrrvai fitjirco (fiavepGvs elvai oc/caBe 
wp/jbripbivov^, dXXd KaTacrKevateaOai C09 avTov ttov ol- 
Krjo~ovTa^. olBa yap oti /cal Mvcrois fiacriXevs 7roX- 
Xou? fiev rjyefiovas av Bolt], 7roXXov$ 6' av opiijpovs 
tov dBoXcos e/c7repi"^reiv, icaX bBoTroir\creie 7' av avTois 
teal el avv •TeOpiirTrois /3ovXoivto dirievai. ical ypiiv, 
<y' av o2cT oti Tpls do-fievo? TavT eiroiei, el ed>pa r\p,as 
fjueveiv TrapaaKeva^opLevovs. dXXd yap BeBoiica, firj, 25 
av aira% fidOcofiev dpyol %fjv /cal ev dcpdovois (BioTeveiv 
/cal MtjBcdv Be /cal Ilepcrcov /caXais /cal p,eydXai$ yv- 
vai^i /cal irapOevois opuXelv, fir], wenrep ol XcoTOcfrdyoi, 
eTriXaOdtpbeOa T779 o'l/caBe 6Bov. Bo/cel ovv '^01 el/cbs /cal 26 
Blfcacov elvai irp&Tov els ttjv 'EXXdBa kqa irphs tovs 
ol/ceiov? TreipacrOai d^i/cvelaOai ical eiriBel^ai Tot? 
( EXXrjaiv, otl e/covTe? rrevovTac, e£bv avTol? tous vvv 

4 



74 xenophon's anabasis. 

oIkol d/ckiqpovs irdXiTevovTas evddBe /co/jLiaafievovs tt\ov- 
criovs opav. dXkd yap, co dvBpes, irdvTa ravra rajaOa 

27 Bf}\ov otl roiV fcparovvrcov earl, tovto Br) Bel Xeyetv, 
ttcos av 7rop€VOi/jbe0d re go? dcrcpaXicrTaTa /cal, el fldye- 
o~6at, Beoc, a>? fcpdricrTa /ma^oifjueOa. irpoiTov /xev tol- 
vvv, e<p7], Bo/cel fioi KaraicavcraL Ta? dfid^a^, a? eyppev, 
tva fjur] tcl ^evyrj rjficov arpar^y, aXkd Tropevco/zeOa 
07ry av rfj arparoa crvfitfiepr) • eireiTa /cal t<x? cr/cr}vd$ 
avyicaTaicavcrai. avrac yap av 6 r )(Xov fiev nrapkyovcriv 
ayeiv, avvaxpeXovcri, 8' ovBev ovre eh to /Jbd^ecrdac ovr' 

28 eh to tcl eTriTrjBeta e^eiv. eri Be /cal t&v aWcov 
crtcevwv tcl irepiTTa airaWd^oyfiev, ifkr)v oaa TroXefiov 
eve/cev r) ctltcov r) ttot&v eyopev, Iva co? irXelcrTOL fiev 
rjfjbtov ev toIs oV/Vot? Gicriv, co? eXayiGTOi Be cr/cevo(f>o- 
pcocri. /cpaTOVfievcov fiev yap eirlaTaaOe otl irdvTa 
dXkoTpia" rjv Be KpaTWfjuev, /cal Tovg irdXe/XLov^ Bel 

29 o-fcevocfyopovs r)fieTepov^ vofii%eiv. \oiirbv fioi elirelv 
oirep /cal fieyiGTov vofiifa elvai. opaTe yap /cal tov$ 
iroXefiiovs otl ov nrpoaOev e^eveyrcelv eTokjJL^aav 7rpo? 
rjfjbds TTokefiov TTplv tovs crTpaTTjyov^ rjfioiv crvvekafiov, 
vofii£,ovTe<; ovtcov fiev tcov dp^ovTcov teal rjfieov ireiOo- 
fievcov i/cavovs elvai r)fia$ irepiyevecrOai to) irdXefKo, 
A.a/3cWe? Be toiis ap^ovTas dvapyla av /cal aTa^la 

30 evbfiiCpv r)fid<; diroXeadai. Bel ovv tto\v fiev tov$ 
apypvTas eirifieXeo~Tepovs yeveaOai tov$ vvv tcov irpo- 
o~9ev, ttoXv Be tovs dpyofLevovs ei>Ta?CTOTepov<; teal irei- 

31 Qofievovs fiaXkov Toh dpypvai vvv rj irpbaOev. rjv Be 
Tt? direiQrji r)v ^rri^iarjaOe tov del vfx&v evTvyydvovTa 
crvv T(p dpypvTi /coXd^etv, ovtcov ol TrdXejJLtoi ifXetcrTov 
i^evo-fievoL ecrovTac TrjBe yap ttj r)[xepa fivplov? oyjrov- 
Tai dvQ 1 evbs Kkedp%ov<z toz)? ovB* evl enriTpe-tyovTas 

32 Kaic£> elvai. aXkd yap /cal irepalveiv 77877 wpa • lctcos 
yap ol TroXifjLiot, avTi/ca irapeaovTai. otco ovv TavTa 
Bo/cet «aXco9 e^etv, iirc/cvpcoordTco 009 ra^tcrra, Iva epya) 



BOOK III. CHAP. II. 75 

Trepalvijrai. el Be ri aXXo (3eXriov rj ravry, roX/xdrco 
Kal 6 IBicorrjs BiBdaKeiv rrdvre^ yap koivtjs crcoriqpias ■ 
Beo/uieOa. 

Merd ravra Xeipicrocpos elirev, ''AXX! el fiev rivos 33 
aXXov Bel 7rpo? tovtoc; oh Xeyei aevocfrcov^Kal avrUa 
e^earai iroieiv a Be vvv el'prj/ce Bo/cei fioc o>? rd^iara 
^rrj^laao-Qai dpiorrov elvai" Kal orco Boicel ravra, dva- 
reivdrco rrjv yeipa. dvereivav arravres. dvacrrds BeM 
irdXiv elire aevo<f>cov, ^fl avBpes, dtcovcrare cov rrpoaBelv 
Bo/cei fJLOi. BrfXov ore iropevecrOai "/j/jlcls Bel oirov e£o- 
jiev ra eirir^qBeia' aKOvco Be /cco/ia? elvai KaXds ov 
rrXecov eiKocri araBicov drreyovaa^' ovk av ovv Sav-35 
fid^oc/Mi, el oi rroXefiioi, toa7rep oi BeiXol Kvves toi>? 
fiev irapibvra^ BicokovgL re Kal Bdicvovaiv, rjv Bvvcovrai, 
rovs Be BicoKovras (pevyovaiv, el Kal avrol r)p,iv diriov- 
o~iv erraKoXovOolev. co-cos ovv dcr^aXecrrepov rj/jbiv rro- 36 
peveo-Qai nrXaiaiov rroirjcra/ievovs rcov oirXcov, iva ra 
o~fcevo<f)6pa Kal o rroXvs cr^Xo? iv aac^aXearepco y. el 
ovv vvv diroBei^Oeir], riva %pr) rjyelaOau rod nrXaiaiov 
Kal ra irpoaOev Koo-jnelv Kal rlvas eirl rcov irXevpcov 
eKarepcov elvac, rivas 8' oiriarOofyvXaKelv, ovk av, oirore 
oi 7roXep,ioi eXOoiev, (3ovXeveo~6ai r)fjbd<; Beoi, dXXa %p<*>- 
ue6* av evOvs rols reray/juevois. el puev ovv aXXos Tt? 37 
(SeXriov opa, dXXco<; e^erco' el Be fir), Xeiplaocfyos fxev 
^yetaOco, e7reiBr) Kal AaKeBaifioviGS eari • rcov Be rrXev- 
pcov eKarepcov Bvo rcov nrpea^vrdrcov arpar7]yco eTrijJbe- 
XeiarQcov biriaOo^vXaKcopbev S' 9;/xet? ci vecoraroi, eyco 
re Kal Tip>acricov, rb vvv elvai,. ro Be Xoiirbv rreipoopbevoi 38 
ravrrj? tt}? rd^ecos, {3ovXevcr6/jLe6a o, ri av del Kpdricrrov 
BoKy elvai. el Be Tt? aXXo opa j3eXnov, Xe^drco. eirel 
Be ovBels dvreXeyev, elirev, "Oreo BoKei ravra, dvaret- 
vdrco rrjv yelpa. eBo^e ravra. Nvv rolvvv, e<jorj, 39 
drnbvras iroielv Bel ra BeBoy/ieva. Kal oar is re vfioov 
rov$ olKeiovs ernOviiel IBeiv, ixefJivrjaOco dvrjp dyaObs 



76 xenophon's anabasis. 

elvav ov yap eariv aWco? tovtov TV^eiv octtls Tfi 
- ^?)V i7Ti0Vfiec } iretpdaOco vi/cav twv \xev yap vi/ccovtcov 
to KaTcucaiveLV, tcov Be rjTTcopievcov to diTo6vr)cnceLV 
ecrr /cal ec Tt? Be %p7]juLaTCDV eiriBvyuel, tcpaTeZv irei- 
pdcrOto ■ tcov yap vlicmvtcov IcttI /cal tcl eavTcov o-ai^eiv 
/cal T.a tcov rjTTCojjbivcov Xafi/SdveLV. 
3 Tovtcov Xe^OevTcov dveaTiqaav ical a7re\0cWe? icaTe- 

tcaiov t<x? aftd^as /cal ra? o~/C7]vd$, tcov Be irepiTTcov 
otov [iev SeoiTO xt? fJueTeBtBocrav dXXrjXois, tcl Be aXXa 
eh to Trvp eppiiTTOvv. TCLVTCL iroirjaavTe^ rjpiQ-TOTTOl- 
ovvto. dpio-Toiroiovp,ev(£>v Be avTow epyeTai WLiQpi- 
BaTrjs crvv liTTrevcrLV go? Tpid/covTa, /cal /caXecrdfAevos 

2 rou? crTpaTTjyovs eh eirr]Koov Xeyei coBe. 'Eyco, & av- 
Bpes "EXXiyves, /cal Kvpco tticttos rjv, go? vjneh eiricrTa- 
cr0e, /cal vvv vjjllv evvovs' /cal evOdBe elpX crvv ttoXXco 
cpo/3cp Bidycov. el ovv opcpr]v vjids GcoTiqpibv ti (3ov- 
\evop<evovs, eXOoipu av irphs vjjl&s /cal tov$ S-epdrrovTas 
TrdvTOL^ eycov. Xe^aTe ovv Trpo? fie, ti ev , vco e^ere, 
go? <piXov re /cal evvovv /cal fiovXofievov /coivfj crvv vpZv 

3 tov cttoXov iroielaQai. (BovXevopLevois toZs aTpaTrjyois 
eBotjev dirofcpivacrOai, TaBe* /cal eXeye Xeipicrocfros' 
H/jllv Bo/cel, el puev ti$ ea tj/jLcLs dimevai ol'/caBe, Biairo- 
peveaOau ttjv y&pav go? av BwcojieOa datvecrTaTa' tjv 
Be rt? yftas t?}? 6Bou diroKcoXvr], BiairoXeiielv tovtco 

4 co? av Bvvco/ie6a /cpaTicrTa. e/c tovtov eireipaTO WLiQpi- 
BdTfjs BiBda/ceiv, go? diropov ecrj {3acnXeco$ a/covTO<? creo- 
Otjvoa. evOa Br) eyiyvcocrtceTO, otl v7r6irejJbiTTo<; eXr\* 
/cal yap tcov Ticrcracpepvovs Tt? olfceleov Traprj/coXovdei 

5 iricTTecos eve/ca. /cal etc tovtov ido/cei tols (TTpaTrjyoh 
(BekTLov elvav Boy/xa iroirjcrao-OaL tov iroXepiov d/crjpv- 
ktov elvai, ecTT ev tjj TroXepila elev BcefyOeipov yap 
irpocriovTes tol»? cTTpaTicoTa^, real eva ye Xo^aybv Bt,e- 
cpOeipav N l/cap^ov Ap/cdBa, /cal coyeTO diricev vv/ctos 
crvv dvQpodirois co? ecfcocri. 



book in. CHAP. III. 77 

Mera ravra aptcrrrjcravTe^ teal hiafiavre? tov Za- 6 
irdrav iroTayubv iiropevovTO rerayfievoc, tcl viro^uyca 
zeal tov 6)(Xov iv pbecrcp e%oz/re?. ov 7roXv Se TrpoeXr)- 
XvOotcov avTcov iirifyaiveTai irakiv 6 McOptSdrr]^ Itt- 
7rea<; eycov o>9 Zicucoaiovs KaX TO^OTas koX crcpev$ov/)Ta<; 
&)? TerpcucoGLOvs jxaXa iXacppovs KaX ev^covovs.^- k.cli 7 
irpocnjei [lev o>9 cplXos cov 7r/)o? T019 ° EXXrjvas, iirel 
8' €771)9 iyevovTO, i^airivY]^ ol fiev avTcov iro^evov koX 
i7T7ret9 koX ireCpl, ol 8' itrcpevSovcov fcal irirpcocrfcov. ol 
Be OTriaQofyvkcuces tcov 'EXXijvcov eiracr^ov fiev fcafcoos, 
avreiroLOVv S' ovSev ol re yap Kprjres (Bpa^vrepa tcov 
Uepatov iro^evov koX dfia ^tlXoI ovres eicrco tcov oifkcov 
KCLTeKetckeivTO, ol re clkovtlgtoX ftpayvTepa ^KOVTiCpv 
rj &>9 i^LKveiaOaL tcov crcpevSovrjTcov. i/c tovtov zievo- 8 

CpCOVTL iS6K€L SlCOKT€OV elvai' KaX ihiCOKOV TCOV T€ OTtXl- 

tcov koX tcov TrekTacTTcov ol eTvyov orvv avTco ottlctQo- 
cpvXa/covvTes ' hicoicovTes he ovheva /caTeXdfi/3avov tcov 

TTOXe/JLLCOV. 0VT6 yap llTlTel^ TjCTaV TOt9 "EXXtJ&LV 0VT6 9 

ol 7re£bl tol»9 ire^ovs etc ttoXXov cpevyovTas ihvvavTO 
/caTa\afi{3dveLV iv oXlyco ^coptcp' r 7roXi> jap ov% olov 
T6 rjv diro tov aXXov o-TpaTev[iaro<$ Slcokelv. ol Se 10 
fidpfiapoL 'nnrels /cal cpevyovTes d[xa eTLTpcocr/cov et'9 

TOVTTLQ-QeV T0%ei)0VTeS dlTO TCOV LTTTTCOV, OTTOCTOV 8e 7TjOO- 

Bico^eLav ol ''EXXrjve?, toltovtov ttolXlv iirava^copelv 
/jLa^o/JLevov^ eSet. ^ coctte tt)<; rjfiepas 0X779 SltjXOov ou 11 
irXeov irevTe koX eltcocrL GTaticov, dXXa SelXTjs dipiKOVTO 
et9 to.9 fccojuLas. ev6a Sy itciKlv dOvfila rjv. fcal Xeipl- 
crocpos KaX ol irpecr/SuTaTOL tcov crTpaTTjycov ttevocfccovTa 
TjTicovTO, 0Ti eolcoKev diro tt\^ cpdXayyos koX avTos T6 
eKLvhvveve koX tov<; 7roXey,tovs ovBev fiaXXov iBvvaTO 
fiXdiTTeLV. aKovcra^ Se zevocpcov eXeyev oti opOcos 12 
tjtlcovto koX avTO to epyov avTols fiapTvpolr]. dXX' 
iyco, etyrjy r]vayKdcr67)v BLooKeLV, eireLhrj ecopcov rjiia^ iv 
rep /liveLV KaKcbs fiev 7rdcr')(pvTas, dvTLiroielv Se ov 



78 xenophon's anabasis. 

1 Svvafiivovs. €7rebSr) Se iSbd>Kopbev, a\7]0rj, €<prj, vpLett 
\eyere' tca/ccos pbev yap Tvobelv ovSev pbdXkov iSvvdpbeda 

14 tov$ 7rd\efiLOV$, dveywpovpbev Se irdvv ^aXe7T&>?. rofc 
ovv Seels ydpis, otl ol) o~vv iroWfj pojpbrj, dWa crvv 
okiyob? Tj\6ov, cocrre pkd-^rat pbev pbr) pbeydXa, Brfkaiarat 

15 Se 03V SeopeOa,. vvv yap ol pbev iro\epbbOb ro^evovai 
Kal crfyevSovchcrbv ocrov ovtg ol Kprjre^ dvTiro^eveiv 
hvvavrai ovre ol i/c %eipb<z /SdWovres i^b/cvelaOai. 
orav Se avToi)$ SbooKcopbev, 7rdXv pbev ov% olov re ^copiov 
dirb rod G-TparevpLciTos SbcoKebv, iv 6\tya> Se ovS' el 
Ta^vs e'er] 7re£o? 7re^bv dv SbcoKcov /caraXd/3oL i/c to^ov 

16 pv/iaros. rj/jLei? ovv el peXkopbev tovtovs elpyeiv coare 
fir) SvvaaOab (SXdirreiv ypds Tropevopbevovs, crcpevSovT}- 
tojv re ttyv TaylGT7]v Set Kal lirnrecov. aKovco 8' elvai 
iv rat arparevpLarc rjpuoiv ^PoSlovs, &v tov<$ 7roWov$ 
<fiacnv eTTicrracrOai o-c^evSovdv, Kal to /3eXo? avrcov Kal 

17 ScifXdcnov (pepecrOab toov Uepcrtfccov acfcevSovoov. iicel- 
vai yap Sia to yeipoifK7]QeGi tol$ \19ol$ crcpevSovdv 
€7rl j3pa-)(y i^iKvovvTai, ol Se 'PoSlol /cal Tat? pbo\v- 

18 /3S(cnv iiricTTavTab yjpi)&Qai. i)v ovv avTcov inria/ce- 
tycopieOa Tives ireiravTai crfyevSovas, Kal tovtco pbev 
Swpbev avTwv dpyvpoov, tS Se aWa<? ifke/cew iQekovTi 
aWo dpyvpiov TeXto/iev, /cal t&> o~^>evSovxv ivT€Ta- 
ypevq) iOeXovTL aWrjv Tbvd drekeiav evpia/cwpbev, icrco<; 

\9TLves fyavovvTat l/cavol r)pd$ dxpeXelv. opco Se /cal 
i7r7rovs ovTas iv T(p GTpaTevpari, tov<$ puev Tivas Trap 
ipo(, tov<$ Se toj K\edp%cp /caTaXe~Xebpbpbevovs, ttoWovs 
Se Kal dWovs alxpaXcoTOvs crKevofyopovvTas. av ovv 
tgvtovs irdvTa? e/cXe^a^re? GKevodpopa pJev dvTbSSpbev, 
tol'9 Se Ittttovs eh lirireas KaTacrKevdcrcop^ev, tcra)? Kal 

20 ovtoI Tb tovs cpevyovTa? dvbderovabv. eSo^e TavTa, 
Kal TavT7]<$ tt}? vvktos cr<fievSovr}Tab pbev eh SbaKoaiov? 
iyevovTO, b7nrob Se koi lirirel^ iSoKbpdo-6r)crav tt} vgt€- 
pala eh irevTijKOVTa, Kal aTroXdSes Kal QcopaKes avTois 



book in. CHAP. III. IV. 79 

e7ropi(707]crav, teal Xirrrapyo^ Be eireardOrj Avklos 6 
IloXvcn pdrov *A6rjvaZo$. 

Meivavre? Be ravrrjv rrjv rj/^epav rfj aXXrj eiropev- 4 
ovro rrpcoialrepov dvaardvre^' yapdBpav yap avrovs 
eBec Stafirjvcu, e\/>' fj i(po/3ouvro jurj eiriQolvro avrois 
Biafiaivovcnv ol iroXefjaoi. BiajBe^Koau Be clvtoZs 2 
rrdXiv (paivercu 6 MiOpiBdrrjs, eycov lirnrea^ %lXiovs, 
to^otcls Be teal acpevBovrfras et? rerpateLo~%iXlov<;' ro- 
ctovtow; yap yrrjcre Tio-cratpepvrjv teal eXa/3ev, virocryQ- 
fievos, av rovrovs Xdfirj, rrapaBcoaeiv avrcp tov? e/ EX- 
Xr\va^, fcarcuppovrjo-as, ore ev rfj rrpoaOev rrpoa/SoXfj 
oXtyovs e^cov erraQe fiev ovBev, rroXXd Be teatea evbjjbi^e 
Troirjcrac. eirel Be ol "EXXrjves Bcaf3e/3rjte6re<; drrelyov 3 
T % %apdBpa$ ocrov oteroo gtclBlovs, Bce/3acve teal 6 
Mt6pcBdr7]<; eyjsv rr)v Bvvapbiv. rraprjyyeXro Be rcov 
re nreXraorrcov oD? eBeo Btcoteeiv teal rcov birXtroov, teal 
too? lirirevaiv etprjro SappovcrL Btcoteecv co? e^e-^rofievrj^ 
itcavrjs Bwdpueoo^. iirel Be 6 McdpcBdrrjs teareiX^ec 4 
teal i]Brj atyevBovai teal ro^evfiara i^ttevovvro, io-rf/irjve 
TOi9 "EXXrjcrc rfj cdXTUyyi, teal ev6v<z eOeov opbocre ot? 
ecp7]TO teal ol linret^ rjXavvov • ol Be ovte i8e];avro, dXX* 
ecpevyov eirl rr)v yapdBpav. ev ravry rfj Btco^eo rol$ 5 
fiapftdpois rcov re rre^cov direOavov ttoXXoI teal rcov lir- 
ireoov ev rfj yapdBpa %cool eXrfcpOrjaav et? oiercoKaiBetea. 
rovs Be drroOavovras avroteiXevaroc ol "EXXrjves r)tei- 
aavro, w? ore cfroflepcorarov rol$ TroXepLiois elrj opav. 
teal ol fiev 7ro\e/uo£ ovrco irpd^avre^ dirrfkOov, ol Be 6 
"EXXrjves dafyaXoos Tropevofievoo rb Xoirrbv tt)? rj/xepa^ 
d(f)iteovro irrl rbv Tlypr/ra irorapbov. evravOa 770X15 7 
rjv eprjfiT) fieydXT], ovofta 8' avrfj rjv Adpiaaa- Steovv 
8' avrrjv rb iraXacbv MrjBoc. rod Be refyovs rjv aurr)$ 
rb evpos irevre teal eiteocrt TroBes, vtyos S' itearov rod 
Be tcv/eXov r) TrepioBos Bvo irapaadyyau • (pteoBofirjro Be 
rrXivOois Kepa\xlvai%' teprjrrls S' virrjv XcOlvr/ rb vtyo<$ 



80 xenophon's anabasis. 

8 eiKOcri 7roScov. Tavrrjv fidcrCkevs 6 JJepcrcov, ore irapa 
Mrjhcov ttjv apxv v iXdpb/3avov Uepcrcn,, iroXuopKwv ov- 
hevl Tpoirco ehvvaTO eXelv rjXiov he ve<peXr) TrpoKaXv- 
^aaa r)(pdviae ^%pi e^eXarov ol avQpwwoi, Kal outgd? 

9 edXco. irapa Tavrrjv Tr)v ttqXiv rjv Trvpapbh Xidivr], 
to fiev evpos evbs 7rXe6pov, to he in|ro? hvo nrXeOpcov. 
eirl TavTT]^ ttoXXoI tcov fiapfidpcov rjcrav i/c tcov ttXtj- 

10 criov KCDpLcov aTroirefyevyoTes. evTevOev iiropevdrjcrav 
aTaOfjiov eva, irapaadyyas e%, irpbs T6i%o<; epr)}xov fieya 
777209 \jfi] iroXei tceipLevov ovojma he rjv tt) iroXei Me- 
cnriXa' Mi)hoc S' avTrp) iroTe cokovv. r)v he r) puev 
/cprjTrls XiOov ^ecrTov Koy^vXiaTOV, to evpos irevTr)- 

11 kovtcl irohcov Kal to {njro? TrevTi]KOVTa. eirl he TavTjj 
eircpKohoiirjTO irXivOivov Tei^o?, to fiev evpos irevTr)- 

KOVTCL 7TohcOV, TO he V^TO^ ifCCLTOV tov he kvkXov 7) 

irepioho^ e% nrapaadyyat. evTavOa eXeyeTO Mrjheia 
yvvr) /SacriXecos KaTacpvyelv, OTe dmcoXeaav ttjv dpyr\v 

12 virb Tlepacov Mrjhoi. tclvttjv he ttjv ttoXcv iroXiopKcov 
6 Uepaodv (SacrCXevs ovk ehvvaTO ovTe %p6vcp eXelv ovt6 
(Bio,' Zevs 5' e/jL/3povTrJTovs nroiel tovs evoLKovvTas, Kal 
ovtcos edXco. 

13 'EvTevdev 6" eTropevdrjaav aTaOpubv eva, •jrapacrdy- 
7<x? TeTTapas. eh tovtov he tov crTaOfibv Tco-aa(pepvrj<; 
iirefydvr), ou? re avTos Irnreas r)X9ev eywv Kal ttjv 
^OpovTov hvvap.iv tov ttjv fiaaiXecos QvyaTepa e^ovTos 
Kal ou? Kvpos e^cov dvefirj [3ap(3dpov<$ Kal oi)? 6 (3aai~ 
A.e&>? aSeX^o? fycov ^acnXel e(3or)6ei } Kal tt/50? tovtols 
ocrovs {3acri,Xevs ehco/cev avTcp, cocrTe to crTpaTev/na 7rd/JL- 

I&ttoXv e(f)dv7j. eirel 8' iyyvs eyeveTO, Tas [xev toov Ta^ecov 
eiX ev oTTio-Qev KaTaarTi]cras, ra? he eh tcl irXdyia irapa- 
yayodv ifi/SaXXecv piev ov/c eToXpujaev ovh' efiovXeTO 
hianivhweveiv, ccfrevhovav he irapr^yyeiXe Kal Tofjeveiv. 

15 eVet he hiaTaxOevTes ol c P6hiOL eo-fyevh6vr)o~av Kal ol 
[^KvOai] TO^QTai eTo^evaav Kal ouhels rjpidpTavev dv- 



book in. chap. rv. 81 

£po?, ovBe yap el irdvv TrpovOvjietTO paBiov rjv, zeal 6 
Ticrcracpepvr)^ pudXa ro^eo)? e^co (BeXwv direyuipei zeal al 
aXXat, rd^ec<i dTre^coprjaav. zeal to Xolttov tt^ ij/uLepas ol 16 
[lev liropevovTO, ol S' eiirovro' zeal ou/cert icrlvovTO ol 
fidpfiapou [rfj Tore d/cpofioXicreL] • pLcucporepov yap ol 
'PoBlol tcov re Uepcroov ecrcpevBovcov /ecu tcov irXeiGTcov 
to^otcov. p^eydXa Be /cat rd To^a rd Hepcrued Icttiv • 17 
cocrTe %prjcnpLa rjv oirocra dXicrzcoLTO tcov To^ev/Jbdrcov 
Toh KprjGL, /ecu BieTeXovv yjpcopevoi rot? tcov iroXepilcov 
To^evfiacri, zeal e/neXeTcov To^evecv dvco levTes puazepdv. 
evpicr/ceTO Be zeal vevpa TroXXd ev Tah /ccoficus zeal pio- 
XvflBos, cocrTe %pr]o-6cu eh Ta? cr<pevB6va<;. /ecu TavTr) 18 
/lev ttj rjpepa, eirel zcaTecrT paToireBevovTO ol "EXXrjves 
■KoofLcus eirLTV)(QVTes, dirrfkOov ol (Bdp(3apoL puelov e^ov- 
Te? ev tTj TOTe d/cpofioXLcret,' ttjv 8' eiriovcrav rjpepav 
epuetvav ol f ' 'EXXrjves /ecu eireo-iTicravTO' rjv yap 7roXv<; 
ctltos ev Tah zccopLais. ttj 8' vcrTepala eiropevovTO Bid 
tov ireBlov, /cal Ticrcra(f)epvr)<; eXireTO dzcpo/3oXi£6p,evo$. 
ev6a Br) ol "EXXrjves eyvcocrav, oti irXalcriov laoirXevpov 19 
irovrjpd Tafys ecrj iroXepulcov eiropbevcov. dvdy/cr) ydp 
eo-Ttv, rjv /nev avyzevirTr) Ta zeepaTa tov irXaicriov rj 
oBov GTevoTepas ovo~r)<z rj opecov dvayzca^ovTcov rj yeepv- 
pa<$, ezc6Xt(3ecr6ai toxjs oirXiTas /ecu iropevecrOai irovr)- 
pa>? dpia puev TTie'Cppuevovs dfia Be /cal TapaTTopuevovs* 
cocrTe Bvcr^pr^crTOV^ elvai dvdy/cr) aTdzcTovs ovTas. OTav 20 
8' av Biao")(rj Ta /cepaTa, dvdy/cr) BiacnrdcrOaL toi)? TOTe 
ezcdXifiopLevovs zeal zeevbv yiy veer 6 at, to fiecrov tcov zcepd- 
tcov, zeal dOvpuelv tovs TavTa TrdayovTa^ tcov TroXepblcov 
eTropuevcov. zeal biroTe Beoi yecpvpav BiajSalveiv rj dXXrjv 
Ttvd Bidfiacrw, ecrTrevBev e/cacrTos {3ovXop,evos c^Qdcrai 
irpcoTO$ % zeal eveiriOeTov rjv evTavQa rot? iroXepLLois. 
enrel Be TavTa eyvcoaav ol aTpaTrjyol, eTrocrjeravTO e£21 
Xo^ov^ dvd e/eaTov dvBpas, zeal Ao^ayou? eirecrTrjaav 
zeal dXXovs irevTr)zeovTr]pa^ zeal aXXovs evcDpLOTap^a^. 

4* 



82 xenophon's anabasis. 

ovtol Be TTopevofievoc ol Xo^ayol, oirore puev crvyKvirTQi 
ra fcepara, i'Tre/xevov varepoi, cocrTe fir] evo^Xelv roc? 

22 tcepacri, rore Be iraprjyov e'gcoOev tcov tcepaTCOv. oirore 
Be hiacryoiev al ifkevpai tov ttXcllctlov, to fieaov av 
i^e7rifi7r\acrav, el fiev crrevorepov elrj to hie^ov, tcara 
\6%ovs, el Be ifKaTVTepov, kcltcl irevTrjKoaTv^, el Be 
irdvv ttXcltv, kclt evcopLOTLW coo~Te del etcifXecov elvai 

23 to fjuecrov. el Be Kal Biafiaiveiv tivcl Beoi Bidfiacruv r) 
ykfyvpav, ovk eTapcLTTQVTo, dX)C iv tco jjuepei ol Xo^ayol 
Biefiaivov /ecu el nrov Bioi to t?}? (pdXayyos, eTUTrapr)- 
aav ovtoi. tovtco tco Tpoirco eiropev6r}crav cttclO [jlovs 

24 reTTapa^. rjvlfca Be tov irefiTTTQV iiropevovTO elBov 
BaariXeiov ti teal 7repl avTo Kcopuas 7roXXds, tt)v Be 6Bov 
irpbs to ycapiov touto Bid yrjXocpcov vtyrjXcov yiyvofie- 
vrjv, ot tcaOrjKOV diro tov opovs, v<p cp rjv Kcofirj. koX 
eTBov juev tov? yrjXocjyovs dcr/jbevoi ol "EXXrjves, to? el/cos, 

25 tcov iroXefilcov ovtcov lirirecov • iirel Be iropevofjievoi i/c 
tov nreBlov avefirjaav irrl tov irpcoTov yrjXofyov kcl\ 
fcciTe/3aivov co? iirl tov eTepov dvaJ3aiveiv } evTavOa iiTi- 
yiyvovTai ol fidpfiapoi Kal diro tov v^rjXov el$ to irpa- 

26 ve<s ej3aXXov } icrcpevBovcov, eTotjevov vtto /JLaorTiycov, teal 
7roXXoi)s fcaTeTiTpcocncov /cat etcpaT'qcrav tcov ^EXXrjvcov 
yvfiv/]Tcov teal tcaTeicXeicrav clvtovs el'trco tcov ottXcov 
cocrTe TravTunraari TavTiqv tt)v y/iepav dyjpiqo-TOi rjaav 
iv tco b'xXco 6We? /cat ol crcjievBovrJTai, /cat ol To^oTai. 

27 iirel Be 7rie%6fievoi ol "EXXrjves eTreyeipiqaav Bico/ceiv, 
o")(pXfj fiev eirl to dicpov d<f)iJCvovvTai oirXiTai ovTes, 

28 ol Be TroXefiioi Ta%v aTTeTrrjBcov. irdXiv Be oiroTe drrri- 
oiev 7T/)o? to dXXo crTpaTev/Jua, tclvtcl eiracrypv, zeal 
iirl tov BevTepov yrfXocpov tclvtcl iylyvero, cocrTe diro 
tov TpLTOV yr}\6(fcov eBo^ev clvtols jjlt) KLvelv rou? crTpa- 
tlcotcls, irplv diro Tr)<^ Be^Lcis ifkevpcis tov irXaLcriov 

29 dvr/yayov 7re\TacTTd<; Trpo? to opo$. eirel 8' ovtol 
eyevovTO virep tcov e7rofiivcov 7ro\e/jbLcov, ovKenri iireTL- 



BOOK III. CHAP. IV. 83 

devTO ol TToKefiioi toI<; KCLTafiaivovcn, BeBoLKOTes, /j,r) 
a7T0TfJi7)detr}o-av Kal djJ,(f>OTepco0ev avTcov yevoiVTO ol 
iroke/JLLOL. ovtco to Xoiirov tjjs rjfiepas nropevofievoi, ol 30 
fiev ev rfj 6B(S Kara tovs yrjkofyovs, ol Be Kara to opo$ 
eiwrapLovTes, dtyUovTO eh Ta? Kcbfias Kal larpovs Kare- 
arrjo-au oktco' 7roXXol yap r/crav ol rerpcofMevoc. ivrav- 31 
6a efjueivav rj/jbipas rpels /cat tcov rerpco/jievcov eveKa Kal 
dfia eirtT^Beia iroXXd el^ov, dXevpa, olvov, /cpiOas Iltt- 
7rot9 o~v/jL/3e/3\r]fieva<; 7roA.Xa?. ravra Be o~vvevrjveyiieva 
rjv rep aarpairevovri t?)? ^copa^. nerdprr) B y/^epa 
Karafiaivovcnv eh to ireBiov. iirel Be Karekafiev av- 32 
tovs Tco-o-acfyepvT)*; avv rfj Bvvdfiei, eBlBa^ev avTovs rj 
dvdjKi] fcaTacrKr)vr}o~at, ov irpcbrov elBov kgq/jltjv Kal firj 
Tropeveadat ere [la^ofievov^' ttoXXoI yap rjcrav diro- 
fia^ot, ol rerpcofievoo Kal ol eKeivovs (frepovres Kal oi 
tcov fyepovTwv tcl birXa Be^d\xevoi. eirel Be Kareo~Kr}- 33 
vrjaav Kal eireyeipiqcrav avToh aKpofioXi^ecrdai ol j3dp- 
fiapoi 7r/)o? ttjv Kcofirjv 7rpoo~i6vTe<$, ttoXv irepirjaav ol 
ff EXXyves • ttoXv yap Bte<pepep eK %o6pa? opficofjievovs 
aXe^ao~6ao rj Tropevofievovs eiriovGi Toh iroXe/xloLs fid- 
yecrGai. t)viKa £' r\v tjBtj BeuXr], oopa r\v dirievai rot? 34 
TToXeixioi^' ovTTore yap fxelov aTTeorTparoTreBevovTO ol 
/3dp/3apot tov 'EXXtjvikov e^iJKOvra araBccov, <$o(3ov- 
fievot, fir] T?}? vvktos ol " EXX7jve<; eirbOoivrat avToh. 
7rov7)pbv yap vvktos eari crTpdreu/jLa UepaiKov. ol re 35 
yap Xttttoi avToh BeBevrac Kal go? eirl to 7roXv ireiro- 
Bio-fievoi, elal tov jjlt] cfrevyetv eveKa, el XvQeir\o~av, edv 
Te tls $6pvj3o<z yLyvtjrat, Bel eirio-d^ai tov 'lttttov Uep- 
o~r} dvBpl Kal yakivwcrai Bel Kal ScopaKtaOevTa dva- 
(3i)vaL eirl tov Xrnrov. TavTa Be irdvTa ycCkeird vvKTcop 
Kal Qopvfiov ovtos. tovtov eveKa Troppco aTrecrKrjvovv 
tcov 'EWrjvcov. eVet Be eytyvcocrKov avTovs ol f EWrj- 3G 
ve<? j3ovXojJievov<; dirievai Kal BiayyeXXo/jievovs, eKijpv^e 
Tot? "EXXrjcrc avcrKevd^ecrOai aKovovTcov tcov TroXejulcov. 



84 xenophon's anabasis. 

Kal ypbvov fiev Tiva eirea^pv Trjs Tropeias ol fidpfiapot,, 
eTreiBr) Be oyjre eylyveTO, a7rrjeaav ov yap eBoKec Xvcrc- 
TeXelv avTois vvktos TropeveaQai Kal KaTayeaQai eirl 

37 to arparoTreSov. e7reiBr) Be cra<£co? airLovras i]Br] eoopoov 
ol ri E\\7]ve<;, eiropevovTO Kal avrol ava^ev^avres Kal 
BtrjX6ov ocrov e^rjKovra crTaBiovs. m Kal ylyverac toctov- 
rov fiera^v tcov o-Tparevjudrcov, (bare ry vo-repaia ovk 
e<fidvr]<Tav ol iroXe/Jbioi, ovBe rfj Tpirr), rfj Be rerdprrj 
vvktos irpoeX66vTe<$ KardkafJufBdvovcn ywpiov virep- 
Be^iov ol (Bdpj3apoi, fj efieXXov ol "EXXyves irapievai, 
aKpcow^tav opovs, v<fi r\v r\ KarajBacn^ rjv et? to ire- 

38 Blov. eireiBrj Be ecopa Xetpicrocpos irpoKaTeiXyfi/ievrjv 
tt]V aKpwvvyJ.av, KaXel EevocpcbvTa dirb t?}? ovpds Kal 
KeXevec Xa/36vTa tovs TreXTacrTas irapayeveaOao eh to 

39 irpoaOev. 6 Be aevocpcov tovs fiev ireXTao-Tcis ovk rjyev • 
e7TL(paiv6fJbevov yap ecopa Tio-cracpepvrjv Kal to crTpd- 
Tevfia irav ' avTO? Be irpoaeXdaas rjpcoTa, Tl KaXels ; 
6 Be Xeyei avTop, "E^eaTiv bpav irpoKaTetXrjiTTai yap 
7)fA,2v 6 virep Trjs KaTafidcrecos Xocf)o<?y Kal ovk ecrTi 

40 irapeXOelv, el pur] tovtovs diroKo-^roixev. dXXd tl ovk 
r)ye$ tovs ireXTacrTds ; 6 Be Xeyec, otl ovk eBoKei avTco 
ep7]fxa KaTaXnrelv tcl oiriaOev iroXe/iicov iirLcpaLvopbi- 
vcov. 'AXXd firjv to pa y\ ecpy, (3ovXevea6ai, ircb<$ t£? 

41 tovs avBpas direXa dirb tov Xocf)ov. evTavOa tievocjitov 
bpa tov opovs Trjv Kopvcfrrjv virep avTov tov eavTCOV 
crTpaTevpuaTOs ovcrav, Kal dirb TavTrjs e<poBov eirl tov 
X6(J)op, ev6a rjaav ol iroXe/nLOL, Kal Xeyei, KpaTLcrTov, 
w Xeiplcrocfre rjfilv iecr0aL w? TayicTTa eirl to aKpov 
r\v yap tovto Xdftcopuev, ov BwrjaovTaL fievetv ol virep 
t?)? 6Bov. dXXd, el (SovXei, fieve eirl tS aTpaTev/MaTC, 
iya> 8' eOeXoo iropeveaOai' el Be xpy&cs, iropevov eirl 

42 to opos, eyco be fievoj avTov. AWa oloco/jLL o~ol, ecprj 
6 XetpL<Tocf)o<;, oiroTepov (BovXei eXecrOai,. eliru>v 6 
'Eevofywv, otl veooTepos eaTiv, alpeiTai Tropeveadai, 



BOOK III. CHAP. IV. V. 85 

KeXevec Be ol av[JLirefi^rat airo rod dTOfxaro^ avBpa?' 
uaKpov <ydp rjv dirb Trjs oupas XafieXv. Kal o Xetpt-43 
Cronos av pare pur eu tov<; dirb tov arofxaro^ ireXTaaTa^' 
eXafie Be tov? Kara fiecrov tov irXaiaiov. avvkireaQai 
B' e/ceXevcrev avrw Kal tovs TpiaKoo-lovs oft? avrbs el^e 
TOiV iiriXeKTCov eVl ra> crTopLaTi- tov nf\aio-[ov. evrev- 44 
6ev eiropevovro &>? eBvvavTO TayiGTa. ol S' eirl tov 
\6(j)ov 7ro\e/xioc o>? evbrjaav avTcov Tr)v iropeiav eirl to 
ci/cpov, evOus Kal avrol (oppLrjaav dfiiXXdaOac eiri to 
d/cpov. teal evravda woXXr) puev Kpavyrj rjv tov 'EXXrj- 45 
vucov o-TpaT€V{iaTO<; BiaKeXevo/nevcov tols eavT&v, 7roXXrj 
Be Kpavyr] twv dpufyl Ticrcracftepvrjv to£? eavTwv Biane- 
Xevo/ievcov. aevocp&v Be nrapeXavvwv eiri tov XttttovMo 
irapeiceXeveTO, "AvBpes, vvv eirl Tr)v *EXXdBa vopul^eTe 
ajjitXXao-dai, vvv 7roo? tov? iralBas Kal t&? yvvaiKas, 
vvv oXlyov irovrjcravTes d\iayel ttjv Xoiirrfv iropevcro- 
fieOa. ^coTrjpLBrjs Be 6 Xikvoivios elirev, Ovk ef icrov, 47 
to p,evo(f)cov, ea/iev crv puev yap e<£' Xirirov b^rj, iya) 
Be %aXeTTG)<s kcl/jlvcd Tr)v dairlBa (pepcov. Kal b? ukov- 48 
aas TavTa KaTairrjBrjcras dirb tov lttitov wdelrai av- 
tov €K tt}? Ta£ea>?, koI Tr)v dcnriBa d<fieXb{jLevo<> a>? 
iBvvaTO Ta^icrTa eywv eiropevero' irvy^ave Be KaX 
ScopaKa e^cov tov Ittitlkov' cbcrTe eVtefero. Kal Tot? 
fiev efiTrpoaOev virdyeiv irapeKeXeveTO, toZ<$ Be oiriaOev 
irapievai /zo/U? eiropLevoi-s. ol £' aXXot o~TpaTLWTai±§ 
iraiovcn Kal (BclXXovgl Kal XoiBopovau tov ^coTrjpiBrjv, 
eaTe rjvdyKacrav Xa(SbvTa tt\v dcnriBa iropevecrOat. 6 
Be dvafids, eW puev {BdaipLa rjv eirl tov lttttov riyev, 
eirel Be ajBaTa rjv, KaTaXarcbv tov Xttttov ecnrevBe 
ire^fj. Kal <$>6dvovcriv eirl tco aKpco yevofievot tov? 
TroXefJLiovs. 

"Ev6a Br) ol fiev fidpftapoi crTpacpevTes e<fcev<yov fj 5 
€Kao~TO<$ eovvaTo, ol o xLXXrjves ei<X 0V ro axpov. ol be 
djJL(f>l Tccraacpepvrjv Kal ^Aptalov uttot paTrb/Juevoi, aXXrjv 



86 xeistophon's anabasis. 

6Bbv w^ovto. ol Be dficjn Xeiplcrofyov fcaTaftavTe? efc 
rb ireBiov eo-TpaTOireBevcravTo ev fcco/ir} fieary ttoXXcov 
dya6cov. rjaav Be teal aXXav Ko^iai iroKXai TrXrjpets 
iroXXwv dyaOcov ev tovtw t&> nreBucp irapd tov TlyprjTa 

2 TTOTayuov. i)vifca S' r)v BelXr}, e^airivr]^ ol iroXeiiioi 
eiri<^aivovTai ev T(p TreBia), fcal tojv 'EXXrjvcov tcare- 
Ko^fdv Tivas rebv icrjceBao-fievcov ev tw 7reBi(p xaO* 
dpirayr)v teal yap vofial iroXXal /3oo~fC7]fjLdrcDV Biafii- 
(Batyfievab eh to nrepav tov TroTafiov KaTeXrj<fr0r)o-av. 

3 evTCivOa Tco-cra(j>epvr)$ /cat ol crvv avTtp Kaieiv eire^ei- 
prjcrav ra? K(£>\xa<$. teal tcov 'EXXrjvcov fidXa rjOv/bLTjcrdv 
Tives, evvoov/ievoi, fir) to, eTTiTrjBeia, el Kaioiev, ovk 

4 eypiev oiroOev XajJifidvoiev. kclI ol [lev d/uajn Xeipi- 
ao<pov diryjeaav etc Tr)<$ fiorjOeias' 6 Be 'Bevocpcov eirel 
/caTefSr), irapeXavvcov t<z? Tafet?, rjvlfca diro it}? ftor)- 

5 6eia<$ dirrjVTi^aav ol "EXXrjves, eXeyev, 'Op&Te, c5 avBpes 
f EXXrjves, vfyievTas tt)v %c*)pav rjBi] rjfieTepav elvai ; 
a ydp, oTe eairevBovTO, BieirpaTTOVTO, fir) Kaieiv tt)v 
fiacriXecos ydspav, vvv avTol Kaiovcriv a>? dXXoTpiav, 
dXX' edv 7tov KaTaXiirwai ye ai>Toi$ tcl eiriTrjBeia, 

6 o^jrovTai zeal i)fid$ evTavQa iropevofikvov^. dXX\ co 
Xeipiaocpe, ecj^rj, Bofcet jjlol /3or)0elv eirl tov$ tcaiovTas 
&)? inrep Tr)<$ r)fieTepa$. 6 Be Xeipiao^o^ elirev, Ovkovv 
e/jbocye Bo/cel' dXXd real rj/juels, e<prj, Kalcofiev, teal ovtco 
Qclttov nravcrovTai. 

7 ''Eirel Be eirl ra? o-Kr)vd$ dirrfKOov, ol fiev aXXoi 
nrepl tcl eiriTrjBeia rjcrav, aTpaTTjyol Be fcal Xo^ayol 
avvr)X6ov. koX ivTavda TroXXr) diropia rjv. evOev puev 
yap oprj rjv vTrepv-^rrjXa, evOev Be o 7roT<z//.o? toctovtos 
to /3d0os &>9 firjBe tcl BopaTa virepeyeiv ireipoypbevoi^ 

8 tov /3d6ov$. aTropovfJbevoLs S' avTol? irpocreXOcov tis 
dvrjp c P6Sto? elirev, 'Eycb Qi\a>, co avBpes, Biaftiftdaai 
v/jl&s KaTa TeTpaKio~')£LkLov<; OTrkiTas, dv ejiol oov Beo- 
fiai VTrrjpeTrjcTTjTe ical TaXavTOv jjliq-Qov TroplarjTe. 



BOOK III. CHAP. V. 87 

ipcorcbpuevos he orov heouro, 'Acr/ccov, ecprj, hio-^iXlcov 9 
herjGOfJLac TroWa S' opco ravra 7rp6j3ara ical alya<$ 
real /3o{/9 fcal ovovs, a dirohapevra ical (pvaTjOevra pa- 
6Y&>9 av TTdpkyoi tt)V hidfiacnv. Setfao/xai, he ical rcov 10 
hecrpicov oh ^prjcrde irepl ra viro^vyua' tovtois £eu|a? 
rovs clctkovs irpbs dXkrfkovs, oppLLcras e/cacrrov dcrtcbv 
~ki6ovs dprrjaa<; ical dcpeh coarrep ay/cvpa? eh to vhcop, 
htayaycov ical dpL<f>orepcodev hjjcras, eirifiaXco vXtjv ical 
yr/v e7TL<popr)aco' on fiev ovv ov KarahvcreaOe avriica 11 
pbd\a eicrecrOe' 7ra? yap der/ebs hvo avhpas e^ei rod firj 
Karahvvai' cocrre he pur) bXicrOdveiv rj vXrj ical rj yrj 
a^rjcrei. dtcov&acri ravra roh crrparrjyoh to puev ev- 12 
OvfJbrjpia yapiev eho/cec elvac, rb £' epyov dhvvarov 
ycrav yap ol KcoXvcrovres irkpav 7roXXol lirireh, ol evOix; 
roh irpcoroi^ ovhev av eirerpeizov rovrcov iroielv. eV-13 
ravOa rr)V puev vcrrepatav eirave^copovv eh rovparaXiv 
[ff] 7rp6? BaftvXcova eh to.? dfcavcrrovs /ccofia^;, icara- 
tcavcravres evOev e^rjecrav ware ol iroXepuioi ov rrpoo~r\- 
Xavvov, dXXa eOecovro fcal opboiou rjcrav ^avpud^eiv, oirou 
rrore rpe-^rovrat ol "EXXtjiAs /cat rl ev vco e^oiev. 
evravOa ol puev aXXoo arparccorai dpu<pl ra eTrirrjheia 14 
rjaav ol he arparrjyol /cal ol Xo^ayol itclKw avvrjXOov, 
teal crvvayay6vre<; rov<; eaXcoicoras tfXeyxpv rrjv kvkXco 
rracrav yapav rh eicdcrrT) eirj. ol 8' eXeyov, on ra 15 
puev Trpbs pLeo-7]pb{3pLav t?}? iirl BafivXcova eXt) fcal Mtj- 
hlav, he 1 rjenrep rj/cotev, r) he 7roo? eco eVl Xovad re koX 
, E/c/3drava cpepot, ev6a Qepi^eiv /cal eapi^eiv Xeyerai 
fiacriXevs, rj • he hca/3dvrt rbv irorapLov irpbs ecnrepav 
eirl Avhiav koX 'Icovtav (frepoi,, rj he hca rcov opecov ical 
7rpo? dpKrov rerpapupievr] on eh Kaphov^ov^ ayoi. 
toutou? he ecfyacrav oiKelv dva ra opt] icaX iroXepLacovs 16 
elvat, Kal fiacrCkecas ov/c dfcoveiv, dWa /cal epbftaXelv 
nrore eh avrovs /3acn\iKr)V crrpartdv hcohe/ca puvpidhas ■ 
rovrcov he ovhiva dirovoarrjcraL hid riyv hvo-ycapiav* 



88 xenophon's anabasis. 



Treoic 



07T0T6 fievToi, 7r/)o? tov aaTpairrjv tov ev T(0 TTeOiftl 
GireLaaivro, /cal ein/iLyvvvai acpcov re Trpbs i/ceivov? 

17 /cal e/ceivcov irpos eavTOV?. d/covcravTes ravra ol arpa- 
Trjyol e/cdOicrav %g>/h? tov9 e/cacrTa^ocre cpdcr/covTas 
elBevai, ovBev BrjXov TrotrjcravTes, ottol iropeveaOaL 
efieXXov. eBo/ceL Be tol<z crTpaTrjyoh dvay/calov elvaL 
Sia tcov opecov eh KapBov)(pv<; epbfBaXelv tovtovs yap 
hie\Q6vTCL<$ e<fiacrav eh 'Ap/nevlav rjtjetv, rjs 'Opovra? 
rjpXe TroXXr)<; /cal evBalfiov-os. evrevdev S' eviropov 

18 e<paaav elvaL, ottol Tt? edeXoL TropevecrOaL. eirl tov- 
tols eOvcravTO, 6ttco<;, OTrr/vi/ca /cal Bo /coir) t?}? cbpas, tt\v 
TTopeiav ttololvto • Tr)v yap VTrepfioXr)v tcov opecov eBe- 
BoUecrav fir) TTpo/caTaXrjcpdetr) • fcal TrapiqyyeiXav, eirecSt) 
heiTTViqo-aiev, crvvecrKevaafievov^ Trdvras avaTravecrdai, 
koX eireaOaL, 7\vi/c dv Tt? TrapayyeXXy. 



BOOK IV. 



1 "Ocra pbev Br) ev rfj dva/3do~eL eyevero fie^pL r?}? 
fid^T]?, /cal ocra fiera rr)v fid^r/v ev Tah crTTovBah «9 
fiacriXevs /cal ol ctvv Kvpco dvafidvTes "EXXrjve? ecrTrei- 
cravro, teal ocra Trapa{3dvTO<$ rds crTTOvBas /3acriXeco<; ical 
Ticrcracfrepvovs eTToXefir)Qr\ irpbs rou? r, EXXr)va$ eTratco- 
XovOovvtos tov TIepcTLKov crTpaTev/iaTOS, ev Tea Trpb- 

2 aOev Xoyco BeBrjXcoTaL. eirel Be d<p(/covTo evOa 6 fiev 
Tiypris TTOTafibs TravrdiraaLV diropos rjv Sid to fiddo? 
/cal fieyeOos, Trdpodos Be ov/c rjv, dXXa rd KapBov^eia 
oprj aTTOTOjiia virep avrov rod TTOTafiou e/cpe/naTO, eBo/cet 
Br) rot? crTpaTTjyoLS Bed tcov opeojv iropevreov elvaL. 

3 rj/covov yap twv dXia/cofievcov, on, el BiekOoiev rd Kap- 
Bovyseia oprj, ev Tjj ^ Apfievia ret? Trrjyas tov TcyprjTO*; 
TTOTajJLOv, r)v {lev /SovXcovTat, BiafirjcrovTaL, rjv Be jm; 



BOOK IV. CHAP. I. 89 

fiovXcovTai, irepilacri. Kal tov Evcppdrov Be ra$ nrrj- 
7a? iXeyeTO ov irpoaco tov TtyprjTOS elvai, kcli eariv 
ouro)? eyov. T7]v 8* eh tovs KapBov^ovs e/bif3oXr)v coBe 4 
ttoiovvtcll, ajxa fiev XaOelv Treipco/xevoi, ajxa Be cj)6daai 
irplv tov<$ TroXe/jLiovs KCbTcCkafielv ra cucpa. eireiBr] rjv 5 
dficpl T7\v Tekevraiav cpvXaKrjv Kal eXeiireTO r?)? vvktos 
ocjov o-fcoraiov*; BieXOelv to ireBiov, TiqviKavTa dvacrTav-Kl^-^ 
re? airo irapayyeXcrecos Tropevojxevoi dcpiKVOvvTai d/na 
ttj rjuepa 77-^0? to opos. evda Br) Xeipicrocpos fiev rjyeiTO 6 
tov o-TpcurevpuaTO^ Xaficov to dfMcj) clvtov Kal tovs yv- 
fivrJTas TravTas, aevocpcov Be avv Toh oiriaOocfivXa^iv 
ottXItclls eiireTO ovBeva eycov yv/jivrJTa' ovBeh yap kiv- 
Svvos eBoKei elvai, firj rt? dvco nropevopuevcov e/c tov 
oiriaOev eiricriroiTO. teal eirl puev to a/cpov dva/3alvei 7 
Xetpco-ocfros irpiv Tiva alaOecrOai tcov iroXepLicov eireiTa 
B ' v(j)7]yeLTO ' e^elireTO Be del to virepjBdXXov tov crTpa- 
TevfiaTOS eh to.? Kcbjjias t<x? ev Toh dyiceorl Te Kal fiv- 
^ot? tcov opecov. evda Br) ol fiev KapBov^oi eKXiirovTes 8 
tcls ol/cia<> e^oi/re? Kal yvvaiKas ical iralBas ecpevyov 
eirl tcl opt), tcu Be eiriTrjBeia TroXXa rjv Xayufidveiu, 
rjcrav Be tcaX yaXKcopLacri TrafZ'froXXoi^ KaTecTKevaapievai 
at oliciai, cov ovBev ecpepov ol rf EXXr)ve$, ovBe tovs dv- 
dpcoirovs eBlcoKov, v7rocj)eiB6p,€voi, et 7nw? eOeXrjcreiav 
ol KapBov%oi Buevai avTOvs o>? Bid cpiXias t?)? ^copa?, 
eireiTrep fiacriXei iroXepuoi rjcrav Ta fievTOi eiriTrjBeia, 9 
otco Tt? eiriTvyydvoi, eXdfi/3avov dvdyicr} yap rjv. ol 
Be KapBov^oi ovTe koXovvtcov virrjKovov ovTe aXXo 
(piXi/cbv ovBev eTTolovv. eirel Be ol TeXevTaioi tcov c EX- 10 
Xrjvcov icaTejBaivov eU to? Kcopias dirb tov a/cpov rjBrj 
GKOTaloi, Bid yap to crTevrjv elvai tt)v 6Bbv oXrjv ttjv 
rjjjiepav r) dvdfBaais avToi? eyeveTO ical tcaTdftacris eh 
ra? /ccofias, TOTe Brj crvXXeyevTes Tives tcov KapBov)(cov 
Tois TeXevTaioi? enzeQevTOy Kal direKTeivdv Tivas /cal 
XiOois Kal TO^evjjbacri /caTeTpcocrav, oXiyoi Tives 6vTe<$* 



90 xenophon's anabasis. 

it; airpocrSoK^TOv yap avTol? iirenrecre to 'EXXtjvlkov. 

11 el fievTOi Tore TrXeiovs avveXeyrjaav, izctvhvvevcrev dv 
hiacpdaprjvai, 7roXv tov arrparevfjLaro';. zeal ravrrjv [xev 
T7]V vvfera ovtcos iv rat? zedo/iai? iqvXi<jQr\<jav • ol he 
Kaphou^oL irvpa iroXXd ezeacov zevzeXq) iirl tcov opecov 

12 zeal (jvvecopcov dXXijXovs. ajxa he rfj rjfiepa crvveX6ovo~t 
Tot? (TTparrjyoLS zeal Xo^ayoh tcov < EXXtjvcov ehofje tcov 
Te vTro^vyicov to, dvayzeala zeal hvvaTCQTaTa TropeveaQai 
eyovTas, KCLTaXi7r6vTa<$ TaXXa, zeal oirbcra rjv vecocrTl 
alyjiaXcoTa dvhpdiroha iv ttj GTCLTia tt&vtcl acpeivcu. 

13 cr^oXa lav yap iiroiovv tj)v iropeiav iroXXa ovto, tgl 
virotyyia zeal to, alyjiakcoTa, 7roXXol he ol iirl tovtov? 
ovTes aTtopLa^oi rjaav, hnrXdcrid Te tcl iiriTrjheia ehev 
Tropl^eerOat zeal cj)epecr6ai, 7roXXcov tcov avOpconroov qvtcov* 
ho^av he TavTa iierjpv^av ovtco iroielv. 

14 ^Eirel he dpio-TrjaavTes eiropevovTO, eTriaT&VTes iv 
CTTevop ol o-Tpa,T7)<yol, el tl evpiazcoiev tcov elprj/Mevcov /xr) 
a(fieifJLevov, dcprjpovvTO, ol 8' iirelOovTO, irXrjv el rt? tl 
eieXe^rev, olov r) 7ratSo9 iTnOvfirjcra^ r) yvvcuzebs tcov 
ejuTTpeircov. zeal TavTrjv puev ttjv r)[jbepav ovtcos inropev- 
07]o~av, to, fiev tl ^ayopuevoi tcl he zeal dvairavb^evoi, 

15 eh he tt)v vaTepaiav yiyveTaL ^eifioov itoXvs, dvayzealov 
8' rjv iropeveaOai' ov yap rjv Izcavd to, iiTLTrjheia. zeal 
r)yeiTO jxev Xeipicrocpos, co7TLo-0o(pvXdzeeL he 'Eevo^cov, 

16 zeal ol TToXefiLOL la^vpco^ iireTiQevTO, zeal o~Tevcov ovtcov 
tcov ywpicov €771)9 TrpocribvTes iTo^evov zeal io-<pevhb- 
vcov ooGTe r)vayzea£,ovTO ol ( EXXrjve? inrihicozeovTes zeal 
ttolXlv avayaCpvTes o")(oXfj iropevecrOaL* zeal Qa/LLLvd 
TrapriyyeXXev 6 ftevocficov vwo/xeveLv, ore ol iroXe/iLOL 

17 la'xypcos iiTLieeoiVTO. ev6a 6 Xeiplarocfcos dXXoTe fjuevy 
OTe TrapeyyvooTO, vireiieve, Tore he ov% V7re/ievev, dX)C 
r)ye Ta^ecos zeal Trapr\yyva eireaQai, cocrTe hrjXov rjv, 
otl irpdyiid tl eirj' o")(oXr) 8' ovzc r)v Ihelv irapeXdovTi 
70 aoTiov t?}? airovhr)^' coo~Te r) Tropela ofiola (puyfj 



BOOK IV. CHAP. I. 91 

eyiyvero roh oTnaOofyvhafy. Kal evravOa diroQvr)Q-Kei 18 
dvrjp dyaObs Aafccovifcbs KXecovv/jLO? ro^evOeh Bed tt}? 
aairihos Kal rfjs arroXdBo^ eh ra? irXevpds, teal Baala? 
'Ap/eas hiajJUTrepes eh rrjv teecfraXrjv. eirel Be afylieovTO 19 
hri erraOpLov, ev6vs oxnrep el%ev 6 aevocfrcov eXOaiv irpbs 
rbv Xet,pL<ro<fiov yriaro avrov, on ov% vireyueivev, dXX 
7]vayKaCpvT0 (fievyovres apta [id^eaOai. teal vvv Bvo 
KaXco re KayaOa) dvBpe reOvarov, teal ovre dveXeaOau 
ovre Qatyai, eBvvdfieOa, divoKpiverai o XeipLaocpos, 20 
BXe-^rov, e(j>7], 7rpb<> to oprj teal IBe, &>9 dfiara rrdvra 
earl' fita Be avrrj 6Bbs fjv opa? bpOia, teal eirl ravrrj 
dvOpcoircov bpdv e^eerrl eroi oyXov roerovrov, ot Karei- 
Xr}(f>bre<z efivXdrr overt, T7]v e/e/3acn,v. ravr iyoo ecrirev- 21 
Bov teal Boa rovrb ere ov% vrrepuevov, el' 7tg)? BwalpuTiv 
(p6dcrat nrplv KaretXrjcpOaL rr\v v7rep/3o\?]v ol 8' ?)ye- 
[xoves ol)? eypp^ev ov (paaiv elvai aKKrjv 6B6v. 6 Be 22 
ttevoefrcov Xeyec, 'AXX* eyco e^eo Bvo dvBpas. eirel yap 
rjjMv nrpdypuara rrapelyov, ivTiBpeverapbev, oirep rjpuas 
teal dvairvevcrai erroiriere, teal drreKreivapuev rivas av- 
rCiVy teal favras TrpovOvjjLTqdrjjjLev Xafielv avrov rovrov 
eveteev, oVoj? r)yepbbertv elBbcri rrjv ^copav %pT]craifJLe6a. 

Kal evdij? dyayovres rovs dv6pd)7rovs r\Xeyyov Bia- 23 
Xafibvres, et riva elBelev dXXr)v 6Bbv r) rrjv fyavepdv. 
6 fiev ovv eVepo? ovte e<fir] teal fidXa ttoXXgov epb/3eov 
TTpoo-ayofieveov eVel Be ovBev w^eXtfiov ekeyev, bpeov- 
to$ rod erepov tearecrefidyr). 6 Be Xolttos eXe^ev, ot£ 24 
ovros fiev Bid ravra ov epali] elBivac, ore avra> ervy^ave 
Qvydrrip i/eel trap dvBpl eteBeBo/jievr] • avrbs S' ecprj 
rjy/]creadai, Bvvarrjv Kal vTro^vytoi,? iropeveerdai 6B6v. 
ipcorcofjievos B 1 , el elrj ri ev avrfj Bverrrdpirov %copLOv, 25 
e<pr] elvai atepov, o el pbrj rt? TrpoiearaXrj'^roiro, dBvvarov 
eaeaOai irape\6elv. evravda iBoteec avyKaXecravra^ 26 
Xoxayovs Kal TreXraards Kal rwv oirXir&v Xeyew re 
rh irapovra Kal ipcordv, et Tt? avrcov eariv ocms dvr)p 



92 xenophon's anabasis. 

dya6b<s ideXoc av yeveaOai teal vttogtcls e6e\o'sTr)<; iro- 
27 pevecrOai. vtyicrTarai tgjv puev ottXltwv *Aps,crT(£>vvpLo<; 
Medvhptevs 'Aptcas /cal 'AyaaLas ^rvjacpaXios ' Ap/cd<$, 
avTiaTacna^cDV he clvtols KaWipLa%os Uappdaios *Ap- 
/ea? /cal ovtos e<j)7] eOekeiv iropevecrQai 7rpoa\aj3cbv ede- 
Xovras i/c iravTos tov aTpaTevpuaro^' eyoa yap, ecf)r}, 
olha, on etyovrcu iroWol tcov vecov i/uiov r)yovpLevov. 
2S i/c tovtov ipcorcbaiv, el T£? /cal twv yvpLvrjrcov Ta^idp- 
%G)v edekoi avpuiropeveaOac. ytpLararaL 'Apto-Teas Xto?, 
0? iroKXaypv irohXov a^io% tjj ar pared et? ra rooavra 
eyevero. 

Kai 7]v puev beiXr) rjorj, 01 o e/ceXevov avrovs epi(pa- 
yovras iropeveaOai. /cal tov r)yepbova S/jcravres irapa- 
hihbacnv avroLS, /cal avvriOevrai tt)v puev vv/cra, rjv 
\d(3cDGi rb a/cpov, to yoaplov (pvXaTTeov, apua he ttj 
r)p<epa tj) aaXnriyyi crrjpLaiveiv* /cal tovs jacv dvco 6v~ 
to.? levai iirl tovs icaTeyovTa^ ttjv fyavepdv etcftacriv, 
avTol he dvpi^orjOrjcreiv i/c/3aivovTe$ go? av hvvwvTau 

2 Ta^icTTa. TavTa avvOepuevoi ol puev eirqpevovTO 7fkr)6o<$ 
co? Slo-^lXcol' /cal vhcap ttoXv rjv i% ovpavov' aevocfiow 
Be e^cov Tovs oTricrOofyvXatcas r)yetTO 77720? tt)v (pavepdv 
e/cf3acriv, oirws Tavrrj ttj 6hS ol iroXepaov irpoa-e^oiev 

3 tov vovv teal ct>? puakiaTa XdQoiev ol irepuovTes. eire) 
he rjaav enrl ^apdhpa, ol O7ncr0o(pv\,a/ces, rjv ehei hia- 
fidvTas 7r/}o? to opQiov i/cfiaiveiv, TTjvi/cauTa i/cvXiv- 
how ol fidpfiapoi 6\oiTp6')(pv<; dpua^Lalovs teal /xet£bu? 
/cal ekaTTOvs, 01 (pepofievot 7rpo? t<x? irerpas irraiovTes 
h(,ecr(pevhova)VTO' /cal iravTairacnv ovhe ireXdorai olov 

4 t' rjv ttj elcrohtp. evioi he tcov Xo^aycov, el pur) ravrr) 
hvvaiVTO, aXkrj eireipcovTO' /cal Tavra eirolovv p<eyjpi 
(7/coro? eyeveTO' ewel he wovto d(f)avels elvac dwcovTes, 
Tore dirrjXOov eirl to helirvov ■ ervyyavov he /cal dvdpi- 
(TTOi opTes avTcov ol 67ricr6o<f>v\afcr)o-avTes. ol pievToi, 
TToXepuoi, [fyojBovpievoL hr)\ov 6VtJ ovhev eiravaavTO oV 



BOOK IV. CHAP. n. 93 

0X77? *n}? vvfcrbs KvXivhovvres tovs XlOovs* re/c/uLaipe- 
a6ai h rjv rd) tyocpM. ol S' e%ovre<; rbv rjyejJbbva kv- 5 
kXm rrepuovres KaraXajifidvovo-i, rovs <f)ii\a/ca<; dficf)l 
irvp Kadr\fxkvov^' Kal tovs puev KaraKavovres tovs he 
Karahtco^avTes avrol evravO' ejievov &)? to a/cpov /cari- 
'XpvTes. ol 8' ov Karel)(Ov, dXXd fiaarbs rjv virep av- 6> k * 
toov, Trap* ov rjv r) arevrj avrrj ohos, e'cjfr' fj i/cd6rjvro ol 
cf)v\afC€s. ecpohos fievrob avroOev eirl rovs iroXefJuiovs 
rjv, o'l eirl rfj <f)avepa oSc3 eKddrjvro. Kal rrjv p,ev vv/cra 7 
ivravda hirjyayov eirel S' ijjxepa virefyaivev, eiropev- 
ovro cnyfj avvTerayiievoi eirl toi>? 7to\€jjliov<; • /cal 
yap o/ML-^Xr) eyevero, (bare eXaOov iyyvs irpoaeXOovre^. 
eirel he elhov dXXrjXovs, rj re adXiriy^ etydey^aro /cal 
dXaXd^avre^ cevro eVl tov? dvOpdmovs' ol he ovk 
ihe^avro, dXXd Xiirovres rrjv ohov (frevyovres oXlyoc 
direOvrjaKov evfavot yap rjaav. ol he d/jb<pl Xeiplcro- 8 
(f)ov aKOvcravTes rrjs crdXTTLyyo? ev0v<; tevro avco Kara 
rrjv (fravepdv ohov aXXot he rcov G-rparrjycov Kara 
dTpcfiels 6hovs eiropevovTO y erv)(pv eKaaroi ovres, Kal 
dvafiavres o>? ihvvavro uvl/jlcov dXXrjXovs Tot? hopaai. 
Kal ovtol irpcoroL Gwepui^av rot? irpoKaraXa^ovai to 9 
%coplov. tlevo^cbv he e^cov rcov o7ncr0ocf)vXd/c(i)V tou? 
rjfiLaeLs eiropevero fjirep ol rbv rjyejjubva eyovres* evo- 
hcordrrj yap rjv tol? viro&y iocs' tovs he rj/jbccrecs ottl- 
crOev tcjv viro^vyioav era^e. iropevofjcevoi h' ivTvy%d- 10 
vovai \6(f)cp virep rrjs ohov KarecXrjfjc/xeva) virb twv 
7ro\e/jiLcov, ovs r) dirotco-^rai rjv dvdyfcr) rj hce£ev)£0ai, dirb 
toov aXXcov ' EXXrjvcov. Kal avrol fiev av eiropevOrjaav 
yirep ol aXXoi, rd he virotyyia ovk rjv aXXrj r) ravrr) 
etcfirjvai. evOa hrj Trapa/ceXevcrd/jLevot, dXXrjXots irpoa- 11 
/3dX\ovcrc 7rpo? rbv Xocfrov opOlois rot? Xo-^ols, ov 
kvkXcl), dXXd fcaraXiTrovres acf)ohov rots iroXepblois, ec 
QovXoLvro (pevyeiv. Kal recos fiev avrovs dva/3aivov- 12 
Ta? oirrj ehvvavTO eKacrros ol j3dp/3apoi iro^evov Kal 



94 xenophon's anabasis. 

e/3aXXov, iyyi>$ §' ov irpocrlevTo, dXXd cpvyfj Xelnrovai 
to ycjopiov. teal tovtov re irapeXrjXvOecrav ol f EXXr]ve<; 
/cat erepov bpcocriv ejiTrpoaOev Xbcpov KaTeybfxevov iirl 

13 tovtov av ls iBo/cet, iropeveaOai. ivvorjcras 8' o aevo- 
cpcov, /jltj, el epr^xov KaTaXeiiroi tov rjXmKOTa Xbcpov, 
real irdXiv XafibvTes ol 7ro\e/Moi iiriOolvTO tol$ vtto- 
fyyiois Trapiovcriv, eirl ttoXv 8' rjv tcl viro^vyia d\e Sta 
crTevrjs Trjs bhov 7ropevbfieva, KaTaXeLirei eirl tov Xocpov 
Xoyayovg KrjcpLabScopov KrjCpiaocpcovTog ' AQr)valov Kai 
' AjxcpiKpaTtrv ^AfJLcpihrjfiov ' A6r)valov Kai * Apyaybpav 
''Apyelov cpvydSa, clvtos Se crvv toIs XolitoZs iiropeveTO 
iirl tov hevTepov Xocpov, Kai Tea clvtco Tpbirco Kai tov- 

14 TOV alpOVCTLV. €TL S' CLVTOLS T/CHTO? fJLCLCTTOS Xoi7TO<$ TjV 

iroXv 6p6icoTaTos 6 virep tt)<; iirl tcd irvpl KaTaXrjcpdel- 
15<r?79 cpvXaKr)$ tt}<; vvktos virb tcov iOeXovTcov. iirel S' 
iyyvs iyevovTO ol "EXXrjves, Xelirovcnv ol jSdpftapoi 
afxa^Ti tov fAacrTov, wore ^avfiacrTov iracri yevecrOav 
Kai vircoTTTevov SelcravTas avTovs, pJq KVKXco6evTe$ 
iroXcopKolvTO, diroXiirelv. ol S' dpa dirb tov aicpov 
tcaOopcbvTes to, oiricrOev yiyvb\xeva irdvTes iirl tovs 

16 birtcrOocpvXaKas eyoapovv. Kai tievocpcbv fiev crvv toZ<$ 
vecoTaTOis dvefiaivev iirl to aicpov, tovs Be aXXovs i/ci- 
Xevcrev virdyeiv, oircos ol TeXevTaZoi Xbyoi irpoo-fAi- 
%€Lav, teal irpoeXOovTas kcltcl tt)v bBbv iv tco bfiaXcp 

17 QecrOaL to, oirXa elire. Kai iv tovtco tco yjpbvcp rjXOev 
' ' Apyaybpag b * Apyelog irecpevycos Kai Xeyec go? aireicb- 
irrjcrav dirb tov irpooTov Xbcpov Kai otl TeOvacn Ksqcpi- 
crbBcopog Kai AficptKpdTrjs Kai aXXou ocroi fir] aXXbfievoi 
KaTcu tt}<; irkrpas 7rpo? tovs oTncrQocpvXaKa^ dcpUovTO. 

18 TavTa 8e hiairpa^diievoi ol fidp/Sapoi tJkov eV dvTi- 
iropov Xocpov tco jjbacTTa) ■ Kai nevocpcov SieXiyeTO avTols 
St' 6pfJL7]veco<; Trepl airovhcov Kai tovs veKpovs dirrjTei. 

19 ol he ecpacrav a7roS(oaetv ecp 1 co fir) Kaieiv Tag Kcopuag. 
o-vvcoyboXbyei TavTa b Revocpcov. iv & Be to fiev aXXo 



BOOK IV. CHAP. II. 95 

arpdrevjia irapyei, ol Be ravra BceXeyovro, rrdvre? ol 
i/c rovrov rod rbirov avveppiirjaav. evravOa Icrravro 
ol iroXefiioi. teal eVel yp^avro Karaftaiveiv dirb tov 20 
/jLaarov 7rpb<z tou? aXXovs, evOa rd orrXa etceivTO, levro 
Br) ol iroXe/JLiOL iroXXco 7rX7]6ei, teal Qopvficp' zeal eVel 
eyevovro eTrl rrj<; Kopvcjyrjs rod /JLaarov, d(j>* ov ttevo<f>cov 
tcarefiaivev, eicvXivBovv irerpa^ ' Kal ivbs fiev Karea^av 
rb crfceko<;, 'Bevoc^covra Be 6 viraaTnarr)^ eyoov rr)v 
dcnriBa drreXnrev EvpvXoyo^ Be Aovcnevs 'Aprcas 21 
irpocreBpafxev avrco 6irXirr)^ y Kal irpb d/i(f)oZv Trpofte- 
fiXrjfievos dire^oopei, Kal ol aXXoc 7rpbs rovs crvvre- 
ray/ievovs anrrjhBov. i/c Be rovrov rrdv bfiov iyevero 22 
rb 'EXXtjvlkov, Kal iancrjvrjcrav avrov ev 7roXXal<; Kal 
KaXats oiKiais Kal emrir/Beioi^ Ba^fCkeai' Kal yap olvos 
7ro\v$ rjv, ov ev XaKKOis Koviarol<; el^ov. aevocpcov Be 23 
Kal Xeipio-ocfios Bierrpa^avro coorre Xa/36vre<; rov$ ve- 
Kpoijg direBocrav rbv rjye/jbova' Kal irdvra e7roir)o~av rdi<$ 
drroOavovcriv £k rcov Bvvarcov, coairep vopbl^erai dvBpd- 
criv dyaOol?. rfj Be varepala dvev r)yefiovo<; eiropevovro • 24 
/na^o/uievot o° ol iroXe/juioc Kal orrrj elrj crrevbv ywpiov 
7rpoKara\a/jLJ3dvoT)res £kcoXvov t<x? irapbBovs. bizbre 25 
fiev ovv tou9 rrpcorovs KcoXvocev, aevocfrcov omaOev €K/3al- 
vcov 7T/309 rd oprj eXve rr)v dirofypa^iv rrjs irapoBov to?? 
rrpoaroi^ dvcorepco 7rei,pcop,evo<; yiyveaOao rcov iccoXvov- 
rcov, orrore Be rot? oiucrOev eiriQdivro, Xet,plo~ocf)0<; 26 
eKJBalvcov Kal ireipcofxevo^ dvcorepco yiyvecrQai rcov kco- 
Xvovrcov eXve rr)v drrocppa^iv rr)$ irapoBov rots oiti- 
crOev Kal del ovrcos i/3orj6ovv dXXrjXoi? Kal Icvxypcos 
aXXrjXcov eirepbeXovro.- rjv Be Kal oirore avrols rot? 27 
avafidcu iroXXa irpdy/iara irapelyov ol {Sdpfiapoi, ird- 
Xtv Karafiaivovenv eXa<f>pol yap r)crav, cocrre Kal ey- 
yvQev cpevyovres diro^evyew ovBev yap eiyov aXXo r) 
ro^a Kal acf}evB6va<; • dpicrroi Be ro^orai rjaav elyov 28 
Be ro^a €771)? rpiirrj^rj, rd Be ro^evfiara rrXeov r) 



96 xenophon's anabasis. • 

hiinfy 7 ]' clXkov Be ra? vevpds, ottotg Totjevoiev, 7r/?o? 
to kcltco tov ro^ov rco dpLCTepS 7roBl TrpocrftaivovTes ' 
tcl Be To^ev/iara ly6apei Blcl tcov dcrirlBcov real Bia tcov 
QcopaKcov. iypcovTO Be avTols ol "EXXrjves, iirel Xd- 
fioiev, clkovtiqis ivayKvXcovTe^. iv tovtols tol<; ycopioLS 
ol Kprjres ypTjo-L/jLcoTaTOL iyevovTO. VpX e ^ clvtcov 
^Tparofckrjs Kpfc. 
3 Tavrrjv B* av rrjv rjfiepav r\h\lo-Qr\o-av iv Tat? kco- 

ficus Tal<$ virep tov ireBiov rod irapa tov Kevrpirijv 
irorapbov, evpos &)? BlirXeOpov, o? bpL%ei rrjv 'Ap/xeviav 
Kal rrjv tcov KapBov^cov y&pav. Kal ol r/ EXXr)ve<; iv- 
ravOa dveiravcravTO dcrpuevoL IBovTe? ireBiov direlye 
Be tcov bpecov 6 iroTapbbs &>? e£ r) eTrrd araBia tcov 

2 KapBov)(cov. Tore [xev ovv Tj-vXlorOrjcrav fidXa rjBecos 
Kal TcnriTrfiua eyovTes ical TroXXa tcov TrapeXifXvOoTcov 
irbvcov p.vrjjiovevovTe^. eirrd yap rj/JLepas, oeraenrep 
iiropevOrjcrav Blcl tcov KapBovycov, irdcra^ fiayofievoL 
Bierekecrav, Kal eiraOov kcuccl ocra ovBe to, crvpLnravTa 
vtto (3ao~LXeco$ Kal TLcrcracpepvovs. co? ovv dirrjXXa- 
yJievoL tovtcov rjBecos iKOLpaqOrjcrav. 

3 r/ A/xa Be rfj rjpLepa opcocTLV lirnrels ttov irepav tov 
7totcl/jLov. i%(07r\Lo-fAevov<; &)? KcoXvcrovTas BLaftatveLV, 
7re%ov$ S' iirl reus b'yBam TrapaTeTayfievovs avco rcov 
lirirecov &>? KcoXvcrovTas et? T7]v 'Apjievlav eK(3aiveLV. 

4 rjaav S' ovtol 'Opovrov kol ^ApTOvypv, 'ApfievLOL kclI 
MapBovLOL kol XaXBaloL fiLcrOocpopoL. iXeyovTO Be ol 
XaXBaloL iXevdepol re kcli oXkl/xol elvai' oirXa cT 

5 elypv yeppa pLaKpa, kol Xoyya^. al Be o^OaL clvtcll, 
e\£' cov Traparerayjubivoi, ovtol rjcrav, Tpia rj TeTTapa 
7rXe0pa diro tov iroTafiov direl^pv ■ oBbs Be fila rj opa>- 
fievrj rjv ayovcra avco iocrrep yeLpoTTOLTjTo^ • TavTy erreL- 

6 ptovTO BiaftaiveLv ol "EXXrjves. iirel Be TreLpco/JLevoLS 
to Te vBcop virep tcov pi,ao~Ttov efyaiveTO, Kal Tpa%v<; r\v 
6 7roTa/xo? fieyaXoLS Xl6ols Kal oXLcrOrjpOLS, Kal ovt iv 



BOOK IV. CHAP. III. 97 

T&5 vBarv ra oirXa r)v e^eiv el Be fir], rjpira^ev 6 iro- 
tcljjlos' eirl re 7779 tce<fyaXr)<; to oirXa el res (fiepoi, 
ryvfjivol eylyvovro irpbs ra ro^evfiara teal rdXXa /3eXr]' 
dve-^coprjaav ovv teal avrov earparoireBevaavro irapd 
rbv irorafjiov' evOa he avrol rrjv irpoo~6ev vv/era r)crav, 7 
eirl rov opovs echpeov rovs KapBov^ovs iroXXovs avvec- 
Xey/xevovs ev rocs ottXols. evravOa Bij rroXXr) aOypbla 

T}V TOLS "EXXrjCTLV, OpCOCTL JX€V TOV TTOTajjLOV TTjV BvCTTTO- 

plav, opodcru Be rovs Biafiaiveiv tecoXvaovras, opcoao Be 
T0Z9 Bia(3alvovaiv eiriteeiaoiievovs rov? KapBov-^ovs 
oiTiaOev. ravrrjv /lev ovv rr)v r)puepav teal rr)v vvtera 8 
e/iecvav ev 7roXXjj drropla ovreg. aevocf)cov Be ovap 
eioev eoogev ev rreoais oeoeauat, avrai oe avrco avro- 
fiarai rrepLppvrivaL, cocrre XvOrjvao teal Biafialveiv otto- 
<jov e/3ovXero. eirel Be opQpos rjv, epyerai rrpbs rov 9 
XetpLccxpov teal Xeyeu, ore eXirlBas e^ei teaXa)? eaeadat, 
teal Birjyelrav avrS to ovap. o Be rjBero re teal 009 
rdyicra ea><; virefyaivev edvovro rrdvres rrapovres ol 
arparr\yoi' teal ra lepa teaXa rjv ev9v$ eirl rov Trpco- 
tov. teal dmovres airo rwv lepcov ol arparrjyol teal 
Xoyayol irapr)yyeXXov rfj arparoa dptcrroTrocelaOai,. 
teal apio-ToiVTL tc3 aevo^oyvro rrpocrerpeyov Bvo veavi- 10 
area) • yBecrav yap rrdvres, ore e^elrj avrco teal dpi- 
aroiVTL teal Beiirvovvri rrpoaeXOelv teal, el teaQevBoi, 
eireyelpavra elnrelv, el rls re e%oc rcov 737309 rov 7roXe~ 
fiov. teal rore eXeyov, on rvyydvoiev cfipvyava avX- 11 
Xeyovres et>9 eirl irvp, tedrreira tearlBocev ev rS rrepav 
ev rzerpais teaOrj/eovcraLS eir avrbv rov rrorafibv yepovrd 
re teal yvvac/ca teal rraLBicneas coenrep p,apai7rov<; Ifia- 
rtwv KarartOefievov^ ev irerpa dvrpcoBec. IBovcrc Be 12 
aepcat Bo^ac dacfiaXes elvai Bia{3r)vat,' ovBe yap rocs 
TroXejjLiois lirirevcrL rrpoo-fiarbv elvai teard rouro. 
e/eBvvres S' e<paaav e^ovres rd ey^eipiBia yv/ivol a>9 
vevaofievoi BiafiaLveiv rropevo^evoi Be irpoaOev Bca- 

5 



98 xenophon's. anabasis. 

fir\vai irplv fipe^ac ra alBola' /cat BiafidvTes /ecu \a> 

13 fiovTes ra Ijidria ttciKiv r\iceiv. evdvs ovv 6 'Eevcxfiwv 

clvtos re ecnrevSe /cal rot? veavicr/cois iy^eiv e/ceA-eue 

kclL evyecrQai rots cfy^vacn $eot? rd re bvelpara Kal tov 

Tropov Kal rd Xoiird dya6d eiriTeXecrai. ajrelcras B J 

ev6v<$ r/ye tov? veavicrKOVS irapa tov Xeipicrocpov, Kal 

[±8ir)<yovvTaL ravrd. d/covo~a<; Be Kal o Xeipccrocjx)? o~ttov- 

8d<z eirolei. <T7reio-avTe<$ Be rots fiev aAA,045 irapr^y- 

yeWov (jvcTKe.vd'Qs.aQaiy avTol Be crvyKaXeaavTes 7-01)5 

crTpaT7)yovs e(Bov\evovTO, oVft)? dv tcdXkiorra BiafBalev 

Kal tovs re efJLirpocrOev viK&ev /cat vito tcov oinaOev 

15 jbL7)$ev 7rdcr)£oiev KaKov. /ecu eSofjev avrols Xeipicro<fiov 

fiev ^yelaOac Kal Biaftaiveiv e^pvra to rj/juav tov crTpa- 

TeVflCLTOS, TO S' rjfJUCTV 6TC VTTOfieveiV GVV *Bt£VO<§)U>VTl 3 

Ta Be viro^vyia /cat tov ojjXov ev fiecrco tovtcov Siaf3al- 

IQvecv. €7rel Be /cakcios tclvtcl efyev e7ropevovTO % r\yovvTO 

c>' ol veavlcrKOi ev dpicrTepa e%0VTe$ tov iroTafzov oBbs 

17 Be tjv eTrl ttjv Bid^aaiv &>5 TeTTapes crTaBcot. iropevo- 
fievcov S' avTcov avTiiraprjecrav al Tat;ei<; twv iTTTrecov. 
e7reiBrj Be rjcrav icaTa tt}V Bid/3aacv /ecu t<z5 o%6a<; tov 
iroTafJiov, WevTO Ta oifKa, /cat a\jTo<$ irpcoTos Xeipt- 
cro0o? GTe(f)avcDcrd{ievos /cat diroBvs e\d/jij3ave Ta oirka 
Kal Toes dXkois iracn iraprjyyeXXe, /cat tov? \o%ayov<; 
i/ceXevev dyeiv tov<$ \oypv<$ opOcovs, tovs fiev ev dpi- 

18 crTepa tov? S' ev Be^ta eavTOv. /cal' ol fiev fidvTeis 
iacpayid^oVTO eh tov iroTaybbv ol Be TroXepuoi eTO^evov 

19 T€ /cal ea^>evB6va>v ■ dX)C ovttco I^ikvovvto. eirel Be 
zcaXa tjv Ta crcfrdyia, eiraidviCpv irdvTes ol crTpaTicoTai 
Kal dvrfkdXa^ov, crvvco\6\v%ov Be /cal al ywaZ/ces dira- 
crac iroXkal yap rjcrav eTalpai ev tco crTpaTev/xaTi. 

20 /cal Xeip[o-o(f)o<; fiev eve/3acve /cal ol crvv e/celvq)' 6 Be 

*EeVO(f)CQV TQ)V 67TCO-6o(j)VX,d/CCOV \a{3cbv TOU9 ev^covoTa- 

tovs Wet dva /cpaTO<z irdXcv eVl tov iropov tov /caTa 

T7)V €tc/3aO-lV T7]V €45 T« T&V 'ApJjL£VLCOV OpT], TTpOGITOL' 



BOOK IV. CHAP. III. 99 

ovfievos ravrrj hcaftas airoKXeiaeiv tou? irapa tov tto- 
rafjiov LTTireh. ol he TroXepnoi opoovres piev tou9 dfi<fi2\ 
Xecplcrocpov evireTcos to vhcop irepcovTa^, opaivre? he 
tovs d/xcpl ttevocfrcovra Seovras eh TovpuraXtv, heicrav- 
T€? fir) ciTTOKKeia6etr]aav cpevyovcrtv dvd K.puTO<$ 609 
7rpo9 ttjv airb tov TroTa/iov €K/3acriv avco. eirel he 
Kcura tt\v bhbv eyevovTO, eTeivov avco 7rpb<> to 0/909. 
Avklos 6" 6 TTjV tci^lv eycov tcov Irnrecov Kal Ala^iVTj^ 22 
o ti]V tci^cv eywv tcov nreXTacrTcov tcov djAcpl Xeipicro- 
<pop, eirel ecopcov ava Kpcuros (frevyovTas, elirovTO' ol Be 
crTpaTiQiTai efiocov firj diroXeiiTeaQai dXXa crvveKJ3aiveLV 
eirl to opos. Xeipicrocf)o<; £>' av eirel hcij3r], tov? fiev23 
liTTreas ovk ehicoKev, ev0ij<; he Kara t<29 7rpocr7]Kovaa^ 
oyOas eirl tov TTOTaphv e^e/3aivev eirl tov? avco TroXe- 
fjLiovs. ol he avco, opcovTes p,ev tov? eavTcov lirirea^ 
cpevyovTas, opcovTes S' oirXiTas crcpccnv eiriovTas, eicXei- 
ttovcti tcu iiirep tov iroTafiov aicpa. aevo<pcov h\ e7ret24 
to, irepav ecopa icaXcos ycyvop,eva, direycopei tt\v Tayi- 
ctt7)v 7rpo9 to hiafialvov o-TpaTevp-a' Kal yap ol Kap- 
hovyoi (pavepol rjhrj rjcrav eh to irehtov KQTa(SalvovTe<z 
009 eiridrjCTotievoL T0Z9 TeXevTaloi<;. Kal Xeipicrocpo? 25 
puev Ta avco tcaTelye, Avkios he crvv oXlyoLs eirfyeipr]- 
cras eTrthico^ai eXafie tcov crfcevocpopcov tcl viroXeiiro- 
fieva Kal fieTa tovtcov eaOrjTa Te /caXrjv Kal eK7rco/xaTa. 
Kal Ta fiev crKevocpopa tcov ^EXXtfvcov Kal 6 0^X0926 
aKfirjV hiejBaive, ttevocpcov he cTTpe-tyas 777)09 tou9 Kap- 
hov%ov<; avTia Ta oirXa eOeTO, Kal iraprjyyeiXe to*9 
Xoyayols kot evcopoTias TrouqtracrQai eKacrTOv tov eav- 
tov Xoypv, Trap acnrihas TrapayayovTas tt)v evcopuoTiav 
eVl cpdXayyo?' Kal toxjs fiev Xoyayovs Kal tou9 evco- 
p,OTtipya<; Trpos tcov Kaphovycov levat, ovpayovs he 
KaTacTTi^cracrOai 7rpo9 toO iroTa/jiov. ol he Kaphovyoc 27 
G09 ecopcov tol»9 oTTLcrOocpvXaKas tov 6-)(Xov ^iXovfJievov^ v 
Kal bXiyovs r}hrj cpaivofievovs, Suttov hrj eirrjeaav cohd? 



100 xenophon's anabasis. 

rivas aBovTes. 6 Be Xeiplcrocpos, eirel to. irap avT<£ 
dcrcfraXcbs ^X €} r]T ^f l7r61 ' ^rapa tzevocpcovTa tovs ireXra- 
(jtcis koX (KpevSovrjTas /cal to^otcls /cal /ceXevet, iroielv 

28 6, tl av irapayyeXXy. IBcov Be avrovs Bia(3aivovTas 6 
p,evocf)a}V TTepL^as dyyeXcv iceXevei clvtov jxelvat eirl 
tov irorafiov jjut) Bia(3dvTa$' orav B J ap^covrac avrol 
Biafiaiveiv, ivai'TLOVs evQev /cal evQev cr(pa)v efjb(3alveiv 
&>9 Biaj37]crofievovs, Bi7]y/cvXcD{ievovs toi)? d/covTicrTas 
/cal eTufie{3X7)iJLevov5 tovs ro^oras' fir) irpoaco Be tov 

29 irorajjiov irpofiaiveiv. Toh Be Trap eavrS iraprjyyei- 
Xev, eiretBav acpevBovr] e^t/cvrJTaL /cal do~7rh ^jrocpf], 
iraiavlaavTas Selv eh tovs 7roXe/iLOV<;' eTretBdv Be 
avaarpe^cocnv ol iroXefAioi /cal i/c tov Trora/iov 6 craX- 
7TLy/CTr)s <jr\\xr)vri to TroXepLixov, avaarpe^ravTas eirl 
Bopv rjyelaOai, fiev tovs ovpayovs, Qelv Be irdvTas /cal 
Biaftaiveiv oti Tayicrra y e/ca<jTO? tt\v tol^lv el^ev, 
&>? jllt] eparoBl^eiv aXXtfXovs' on ovtos apicrTos ecroiro, 

30 o? av Trp&Tos ev tS irepav yevTjTai. ol Be KapBov^ot 
opoovres oXiyovs rjBrj rou? Xoiitovs, iroXXol yap ical 
tcov [xeveiv rerayfievcov $%ovto eirijneX7]o-6fievoi ol puev 
viro^vyicov, ol Be cr/cevcov, ol S' eraipcdv, evravOa Brj 
eire/ceivTO S-paaeo)^ /cal r^pyovTO crcpevBovdv /cal TO^evew, 

31 ol Be "EXXrjves iraiaviaavTes cop/jLTjuav BpojJLw eir av- 
tou9' ol Be ov/c eBe^avro' /cal yap rjaav (hirXcafievoi, 
<w? fiev ev tols opecriv l/cavcos' irpbs to eiriBpajiieLv /cal 
fyevyeiv, irpbs Be to eh %€tpa? Be^eadai, ov% l/cavco?. 

32 ev TOVT(p o-rjiiaLvei 6 o-aXiriytcTiqs • /cal ol fjuev iroXe/xiot 
ecbevyov iroXv ert S-cittov, ol S' f EXXijves TavavTia 
GTpe'tyavTes ecpevyov Bid tov iroTajxov oti TayiGTa. 

33 twv Be nroXeiilwv ol fiev Tives aladojubevot irakiv eBpa- 
fiov eirl tov TroTajibv /cal TO^evovTes bXlyovs eTpco- 
crav, ol Be 7roXXol /cal irepav ovtcov t&v c EXXijvcov cti 

34 (pavepol rjcrav $>evyovTe<;. ol Be viravTrjcravTes dvBpi- 
tyjjbevoL /cal 7rpocrcL)Tepa> tov /caipov irpolbvTes vaTepnv 



BOOK IV. CHAP. in. IV. 101 

t&v [Aera aevocpcovros Scefirjaav iraXiv Kal irpcoOr)- 
adv rives Kal tovtcdv. 

'Eirel Be. Siefirjcrav, cruvra^d/jLevot dpicftl pLecrov rjpbe- 4 
pas iiropevOrjcrav Bid tPjs 'Apfievias ireBlov dirav Kal 
Xelovs yrjXofyovs ov pielov i) irevre irapaardyyas' ov 
yap rjcrav €771)9 tov iroTapiov tcwfxai Sea tovs iroXepiovs 
TOU? irpbs Tou? KapSov^ovs. els Be rjv clc^lkovto kco- 2 
purjv pueydXr) re rjv Kal jBaaiXeiov el^e tg3 aarpdirr) 
Ka\ eirl rals irXetaTats oiKtais Tvpareis iirrjcrav eiri- 
TrjBeta S' r)v BayjnXrj. ivrevOev 8' iiropevOrjcrav ara- 3 
Ojjbovs Bvo, irapacrdyyas Se/ca, p^e^pt vireprjXOov rds 
Trrjyas tov TiyprjTos iroTapiov. evTevdev 8' iiropev- 
6r)o~av aradfiovs rpeis, irapaordyyas irevTeKalSeKa, eirl 
tov TrjXej36av iroTapuov. ovtos 8' rjv KaXbs puev, pue- 
ya<; S' ov' KcopLat, Be iroXXal irepl tov iroTapubv rjcrav. 
6 Be T07TO? ovtos 'Appuevta eKaXetTO r) 7rpo9 eairepav. 4 
virapyos B" rjv avTrjs Tipifiatps, Kal fiaaiXeZ (f)lXo<; 
yevopuevos, Kal oirore irapelr), ovSels aXXos {3ao~i\ea 
eirl tov tirirov dve/3aXXev. ovtos TzpocrrjXacrev iirireas 5 
eywv, Kal it poire pb'tyas ep/ir)vea elirev, otl (BovXoito Bia- 
XeyOrjvav toIs dpyovai. tols Be aTpaTrjyols eBo^ev 
aKovcrao' Kal irpocreXOovTes els eirrJKOOV rjpcoTCOV, tC 
3-eXoc. 6 Be elirev, otl aireiaaaOai (3ovXolto e\£' o§ 6 
purjTe avTos tou9 (/ EXXrjva<; dBoKelv purJTe eKeivovs Kaieiv 
to.9 OLKias, XapL^dveov Te TairiTrjBeLa, ocrcov BeoivTO. 
eBo^e TauTa tols o-TpaTrjyols Kal iairetcravTO eirl tov- 
tol<$. 

'EvTevOev S' iiropevOrjcrav GTaOfiovs Tpels Sid ire- 7 
Blov, irapaadyyas irevTeKaiBeKa' Kal Tipifiatps iraprj- 
KoXovOei eywv ttjv eavTov Bvvapuv, dire^cov C09 SeKa 
CTTa$iov$' Kal d(f)LKOVTO e/9 (Bao-lXeia Kal Koofias irepi^ 
iroXXds iroXXwv tcov eiriTrjSeLcov pueaTas. crTpaToire- S 
Bevopievcov 8' axjT&v ytyveTao tt}9 vvktos %i>d)v tto~KXt) % 
Kal ecoOev eSo^e BiaaKrjvrjaat Tas Ta^eis Kal tovs o~Tpa- 



102 XENOPHON'S ANABASIS. 

Tijyov? Kara tcl<s fccbfias* ov yap ecopccv iroXepuiov oih 
Beva Kal da(fra\e<; iSoKei, elvav Bid to 7r\r}6os t?}? 'xjlovos. 

9 ivravda elyov irdvra tcl 67rtTrjSeca, oaa icrrlv dyaOd, 
lepeia, ctZtov, otvovs nrakaLovs evcoSets, dara^iha^, 
barrpca iravToBaird. tcov Be dirGaKeBavvvjJLevcDV rives 
diro rod crTpaT07riBou eXeyov, otl KaTiBotev arpdrevfia 

10 /cat vvKTcop TToXkd Trvpd (palvoiTO. iSo/cet Brj tois 
o-rpaTTjyols ovk dcr<fia\es elvau SiacrK7)vovv, dXkd crvv- 
ayayelv to aTpaTev/ia tvclKlv. IvTevOev crvvrjkdov Kal 

11 yap iBo/ceo SiaiQpid'C l eiv. vvtcTepevovToov S' avTwv ev- 
ravOa eTTiTTLTTTei yiu>v aifkeTOs, coo~Te drreKpv^e ical 
tcl 07r\a Kal tovs dv6pco7rov<; KaTafceLfiivovs ' teal to, 
VTro^vyca avveiroBiaev r) yiwv Kal ttoXvs okvos r)v 
dviGTao-Qai' fcaTa/cecpLevcov yap dXeeivov r)v r) yiwv 

12 iTTLTreTTTCOKVLa, OT(p pbT) Trapappvelrj. eirel Be aevocpcov 
iToXfirjcre yvfivbs dvaaTm o-yj^eiv %v\a, Taya dvacrTds 
Tt? Kal aXkos e/celvov dcpeXo/xevos ecryi^ev. etc Be tov- 
tov Kal ol ahXou dvacrTavTes irvp GKaiov Kal ey^piovTo* 

13 tto\v yap evTavda evpcaKeTO ^picr/ia, w e^pcovTO dvT 
ekaiov, aveiov Kal a^crd/xtvov Kal d/xvySd\tvov e/c tcov 
TTLKpwv Kal Tepej3lv6ivov. €K Be TCOV ai)TCOV TOVTCOV 
Kal fivpov evpicTKeTO. 

14 MeTa Tavra iSoKei irdXtv BiacrKr)vr)Teov elvau el<$ 
Ta9 Kco/Jbas eh crTeyas. ev6a Br) ol GTpaTicoTai o~vv 
TToXkfi Kpavyfj Kal r)Bovfj jjecrav eirl ra? GTeyas Kal to. 
eTTiTrjSeia' octoi Be, OTe to irpoTepov dirfjecrav, tc\$ ol- 
Kias eveTrprjaav, vtto ttj^ alOplas Biktjv eBlBoaav /ea/cco? 

15 (TKrjvovvTes. evTevOev eizep^av vvktos jdrj/xoKpdTTjv 
TefievLTTjv avhpas B6vt€<; eVl tcl oprj, ev6a ecpaaav ol 
dirocrKeBavvvpbevoi KaOopdv tcl irvp-d' ovtos yap iSoKet 
Kal irpoTepov TroKka r]Br) dXrjdevcraL TOiavTa, Ta ovTa 

16 T€ w? ovra Kal tcl fir) ovTa go? ovk ovTa. iropevOels 
Be tcl [lev Trvpd ovk e^rj IBelv, dvBpa Be avWajSoov 
rJKev aycov eyovTa to^ov UepatKov Kal fyaperrpav Kal 



BOOK IV. CHAP. IV. V. 103 

crdyapiv, oXavirep at ' Afia^ove? eyoveriv. ipcoT&fievos 17 
Be to 7roSa7ro? ecrj, HepaTjs fiev e<fir) elvai, iropeveaQai 
jS' airo rod TipifiuCpv. arparevfiaro^, OTrcos i7rcr?]Seca 
Xd/3oi. ol S' rjpcoTcov avTov to arpdrevixa oiroaov re 
€lt] teal €7rl rivi avveiXeyfievov. 6 Be elireVy on Tupi- 18 
/3<z£b? eir] e^cov ttjv re eavrov Bvvayav teal /McrOocpopovs 
XdXvfias teal Tao^ovs' nrapeerKevderQai Be avrov €<prj 
&>? eVl rfj v7repj3oXfj rod opovs ev roc? arevol^, fjirep 
fjuova^fj elr) iropeia, evravOa eTriOrjcrojJLevov rols r 'EX- 
Xrjo-iv. dteovcracrc rot? erTpaTrjyols ravra eBo^e to 19 
o-rpdrev/uLa ervvayayelv. teal evOvs cf>vXatca<z KaraXi- 
Trovres teal arpar^ybv eVt tols [Jievovcri Xofyaiverov 
%TV/j,(f)d\i,ov ewopevovTO e^ovres rjyefiova tov dXovTa 
avOpcoirov. eTrecBi] Be v7repe(3aXXov rd opr], ol irekra- 20 
erred irpoiovTe? zeal fcartBovres to arparoireBov ovtc 
efieivav tov<$ ottXitcis, dXX' dvatcpayovTes Weov eirl to 
Q-TpaToireBov. ol Be (Bdpftapoi dteovaavTes tov Qopv- 21 
fiov ov% uirifieivav, dXX" ecpevyov oficos Be teal dire- 
Qavbv Ttves twv {3ap{3dpcov ical Iitttol rjXodcrav els eiteocri 
kcll i) ertcr}vr) r) Tipifid^ov edXco teal ev avrfj teXtvai dp- 
yvpoTroBes teal e/e7rcofjLaTa teal ol dpTotebiroi teal ol olvo- 
^ooi (f>do-feovTes elvai. iireiBi) Be eirvQovTO Tavra ol 22 
to)v 07t\ltcov erTpaTrjyoi, iBoteei avTols dirievai ttjv Ta- 
yj,Q-TT}V eiru to o-TpaToireBov, fJbij Tt? eirlOeais yevocTO 
Tot? teaTaXeXeL/A/jLevocs, teal ev6v<$ dva/eaXecrdpLevoi ttj 
rdXiriyyi diryeaav, teal dtfib/eovTO avOrjfjbepbv eVt to 
TTpaToireBov. 

Tfj B veTTepaia iBoteei iropevTeov elvai, oirr) BvvaiVTQ 5 
rayio'Ta irplv i) ervXXeyP]vat to crrpaTev/ua iretkiv teal 
seaTaXafBelv Ta arevd. ervo-teevao~dp,evoi 8' evOvs eiro- 
pevovTo Bid %i6vo<$ TroXXrjs i)y efjuovas e^ovTes iroXXovs ■ 
teal av07]fj,epbv virepfiaXovTes to dtepov, i<p* £ epeXXev 
eiriTiQeaQai Tipifta&s, KaTeerTpaTOTreBevaavTO. eWeu- 2 
6ev eTropevdijaav crTa0/Aov<; eprjfiovs Tpels, irapaadyya^ 



104: xenophon's anabasis. 

TrevTe/caiBe/ca, eirl tov Evcppdrrjv nrora/jiov, /cal Bik- 
fiaivov avTov fip&yo^evoi Trpos tov 6/jucpa\6v. eXeyovTO 

3 Be avrov al irrjyal ov irpoaco elvai. evTevOev eiropev- 
ovto Bid %iovos TroXkys teal nreBlov CTTaO/iovs Tpeis, 
irapaadyya^ irevTe/caiBe/ca. o Be rplros iyevero %&Xe- 
7to? /cal avefios [Boppds ivavrlos eirvei iravrdiracrLV 

4 diroKalcDv Trdvra /cal nrr^yvv^ tovs dvdpco7rov<;. evOa 
or) tcov juavTeoov T£? elire crcpayidcracrOai tco dvepicp, 
teal crcpayid^eTai • /cal iraau Br) 7repief)avcos eBo^e Xrj^ai 
to yakeirbv tov 7rvev/naT0<z. r)v Be t?}? yibvos to j3d6o<s 
bpyvid' C0CTT6 ical tcov viro^vyicov /cal tcov dvBpairoBcov 
7ro\\d dircokeTO /cal tcov GTpaTitoTcov co? TpidicovTa. 

5 BieyevovTO Be Tr)v vvkto, irvp /calovTes' £v\a S' rjv ev 
Tip aTaOpbcp 7roXXd' ol Be Stye irpocriovTes j*v\a ov/c 
elyov. ol ovv irdXai rj/covTe? /cal irvp /caiovTes ov 
irpoaleaav Trpbs to irvp roi)? 6^ri^ovTa<;, el fir) fieTa- 
Boiev avTols irvpovs rj aWo [to] eiTi eypiev fipcoTov. 

6 evOa Brj pieTeBlBoaav d~XXrfkoi<$ cov eiyov e/cacTTOi. ev0a 
Be to rrvp etcaleTO BiaTrj/copbevr)? tt}? %iovo<; ftoOpoi 
eyiyvovTO fieydXoi eo~Te irrl to BdireBov ov Brj iraprrv 

7 fieTpeiv to /3ddo$ tt}? ^iwo?. evTevOev Be tt)v eiriov- 
crav r)fxepav 6\tjv eiropevovTO Bid %iovos, kcli irdXkol 
tcov dvOpcoircov e/3ov\i{iiacrav. tlevocpcov S' biricrOo- 
cpvXa/ccov /cal /eaTaXapb(Bdvcov rot*? iriiTTOVTa^ tcov dv- 

8 Opcoircov 7]yvbei, o, ti to irdOos elrj. eireiBr) Be eiire Tt? 
avTco tcov ifMireipcov, otl craepcos jBovXipiicoai, tcdv ti 
cpdycocriv, dvacTT/]crovTai, irepucov irepl tcl virotyyia, 
el irov Ti opeprj fipcoTov, BieBlBov /ecu BieTreixire BlBovtcls 
toi)? Bwapuevovs irapaTpkyeiv rot? /3ov\l/ullooo-lv. eVetS^ 

9 Be ti ifKpdyoiev, dvicrTavTO /cal eiropevovTo. iropevo- 
[xevcov Be Xeiplcrocpos fiev dfufil /cvecpas 7rpo? kco/jutjv 
dcpLKveiTaL, fcal ' vBpofyopovcras etc t?}? kco/u,t}<; 7T/30? ttj 
Kprjvrj yvvaiKa^ /cal /copas icaTahapufidvei epbirpocrQev 

10 tov ipvjAaTOS. avTai r)pcoTcov aiiTOV<;, TiVe? etev. o B 



BOOK IV. CHAP. V. 105 

ip/uLijvevs 6L7T6 irepo-io-TL, on irapa fiao-Ckews iropevov- 
rac 7Tj0o? tov aarpdirrjv. at he cnreKpivavro, on ovk 
ivrav0a elrj, aXX' direyeL oaov Trapaadyyrjv. ol h\ 
eVet dtye rjv, 7rpo? tov KWptdp^rjv crvveLQ-epyovTai eh to 
epv/jia avv Tah vhpo<fiopoL<;. XeLplo~o(f)o<$ fiev ovv koX 11 
oaoc ehvvrj0r}aav tov aTpaTevpLaTO? evTav0a ecrTpaTO- 
nrehevaavTO, twv 8' yXkwv orTpaTLWTwv ol fir) hvvd- 
fievoi SiaTeXeaac iv tjj ohw ivvKTepevcrav clgltol /ecu 
dvev Trvpos' koX evTav0d TLves dirwXovTO twv o~Tpa- 
tlwtwv. e^elirovTO he twv iroXepLLwv crvveLXeypLevoi 12 
Tives koX tcl fir) hvvdfieva tcov viro^vyiwv rjpira^ov koX 
dWrjXois ifid^ovTO irepl avTwv. iXeiirovTO he tcai twv 
(TTpaTiwTwv ol T6 hLe(f)0apfievoL biro r% ^lovos tov<; 

6(f)6a\p,OVS OL T6 illTO TOV tyv^OVS TOU? Sa/cTi>\ov<; TWV 

ttoSwv dTToaecn^iroTe^. rjv he tols fiev 6cf)0a\fioh em- 13 
K.ovpr)\ia t?}9 yLovo^y el Tt? fieXav tl eywv irpo twv 
6<p0aXpLwv iropevoiTO, twv he irohwv, el tls klvolto kcll 
pL7]heiroTe r)o-vyJ.av eypi koX eh ttjv vvktcl vttoXvolto* 
octol he v7rohehep,evoL etcoLfxwvTO, elcrehvovTO eh tov? 14 
7r6Sa? ol ipLavTes kcll tcl virohi'ipLCLTa irepieirriyvvvTO • 
kcll yap rjaav, eVetSr/ eirekiire tcl dpyula vTrohrjpLaTa, 
Kapj3aTLvaL ireiT0L7][ievaL e'/c twv veohdpTwv /3owv. olcl 15 ^ 
ra? TOLavTas ovv dvdyKas vireXelirovTO TLves tcoz^ o~Tpa- 
tlwtwv kcll IhovTes fiekav tl ywpiov hLa to e/cXeXot- 
irevaL avTO0L tt)V yiova elKa^ov TeTrjKevaL' koX TeTr\Kei 
hia Kprrvrrv TLvd, r) ifkiqalov rjv aTfii^ovaa iv vdirrj. 
evTav0' eKTpairofievoL €Ka0r)VTO koX ovk etyaaav iropev- 
ea0aL. 6 he aevocfiwv eywv birLo-0o<pv\aKa<; &)? fjo-0eTO, 16 
ehelTO avTwv irdarj Te^yrj koX p^rj-^avy fir) aTroXeLTre- 
o-0 aL, Xe^o^, otl eirovTaL TroXkol TroXe/AL&i crvveCke- 
y/xivoL, koX TeXevTwv eynoCkeiraLvev. ol he o-tpaTTeLv 
eKekevov ov yap av hvvao-0ai r iropev0r)vaL. evTav0a\7 
eho^e KpaTLaTov elvaL- tov? eirofievovs iroXepLLov? <f>of3rj- 
o~ai, el Ti9 hvvaLTO, fir) err to Lev tols KapLvovcrL. KaX rrv 

5* 



106 xenophon's anabasis. 

[lev gtcoto? tfBrj, ol Be 7rpoo-r)eo-av 7roXXS Sopvftq) dfjL<j)) 
V$ &v el%ov Biacpepo/ievoi,. evOa Br) ol fxev OTTLcrOofyvXaKes 
are vyiaivovTe^ i^avaardvre^ eBpafiov eh tov<$ TroXe- 
fjbiovs' ol Be Ka\Lvovre<$ avafcpayovres ocrov r)BvvavTO 
fieyicTTOV ra? dcnriBas irpbs rd Bopara e/cpovcrav. ol 
he TToXefiioi heiaavTes rj/cav eavrovs Kara tt}? ^covos 
eh tt)v vdirrjv, kcli ovBeh ere ovBafiov e<p6ey^aro. 
•9 zeal tievocfccov fiev kcli ol avv clvt£> elirovTes Toh daOe- 
vovcrtv, oti rfj varepala rjtjovcrl Tives eV clvtovs, tto- 
pevofievob irpXv rerrapa ardBca BceXdelv evTvyydvovcriv 
ev rfj 6Bco dvairavofJbevoL^ eirl tt}? %i6vos rot? arpa- 
tlcdtcus eyfceKaXv/JL/juevoLS, icai ouBe (J^vXa/cr) ovBe/ila 

20 KaOetarrjicei' /cal dvlaracrav avrovs. ol 6" eXeyov, 
on ol epbirpocOev ov% viroycopolev. 6 Be irapicov /cat 
nrapaTrefjarcov tcov ireXTacrroiv tov$ layvpoTUTOV^ i/ce- 
Xeve (ncetyaaOai, tl ecrj to kcoXvov. ol Be aTrrjyyeXXov, 

21 oti oXov oi/T&j? dvairavoiTO to o~TpaTevfia. evTavOa 
/ecu ol d/JLCpl &evo(f)a)VTa 7}vXio~6r}o-av avTOV dvev Trvpbs 
/ecu aBeiirvoi, cpvXa/cds oia? eBvvavTO /caTacrTrjad/xevoi. 
eirel Be irpbs rjfxepav rjv, 6 fiev &evo(f)a)v Tre/i^as 77-/30? 
tovs do-QevovvTCis tov<$ veooTaTOVs dvaaTtfcravTas e/ce- 

22 Xevev dvay/cd^eiv irpoievcu. ev Be tovtw Xeiplcrocfros 
7re/jU7ret twv etc t% Koofjurj^ G-zcetyofievovs, 7ra>? eyoiev ol 
TeXevTcuob. ol Be dcr/xevoi, IBovTes tov<? puev daOevovv- 
tcvs tovtols nrapeBoaav /co/xt^ecv eVl to o-TpaToireBov, 
avTol Be eiropevovTO, kcu irpXv el/cocrL crTaBia BieXrjXv- 
Qevai r)crav 777309 tj} koo/jLJ), ev0a Xeiplao<po<; TjvXl^eTO. 

23 eirel Be avveyevovTO dXXtfXoi<;, eBo^e KaTa ra? /cco/nas 
dacjxiXes elvai Ta9 ra^et? ctktjvovv. kcli Xeipicro(fro<; 
fiev avTOV • efievev, ol Be aXXoc BiaXa%6vTe<; a.9 ecopcov 

2i /coo/Ads eiropevovTO e/caaToi tovs eavTwv e^oz^re?. evOa 
Br) TLoXvtcpdTrjS 'Adrjvcuos Xo^aybs e/ceXevo-ev dfyievai 
eavTov kcli Xafiobv rou? evfavovs, S-ecov eVt tt)v Ka>fJb7)v, 
rjv eiXrj^ei 'Bevocj^cov, KaTaXafi/3dvet irdvTa^ evBov tov% 



BOOK IV. CHAP. V. 107 

KcofMyra^ teal tov KcofMap^v, teal 7ra)\ou<? eh Baapibv 
(BaauXeZ Tpecfrofievovs eirTaKatBeKa, zeal tt)v S-vyarepa 
tov Kwyidpyov evvdrrjv rj/xepav yeyapLrjpLevrjv o 6° dvrjp 

avTr)<s Xayoos <pX eT0 ^ 7 iP^ L0 ~ CdV Kai °^X V^ * ^ v Ta ^ K( * ) ~ 
fiat?. al S' oiKiai r)aav fcardyetoi, to fiev crTo/ua 25 
cocTTrep (frpeciTos, kutco 6" evpeZac al Be elcroBoi toZs 
p,ev viro&yLOLS bpvKTai, ol Be dvdpcoTrot KaT€/3atvov 
67rl K\t[iaKo<;. ev Be tols oIkiclis rjcrav alyes, ote? 5 
/36e?, opvtOes, teal tcl e/cyova tovtcov to, Be KTrjvr) 
irdvTa %Cku> evBov iTpe<j)0VTO. rjcrav Be ical irvpol /cal26 
KpiOal ical oairpia teal olvos KplQivos ev KpaTTJpatv. 
evrjcrav Be teal avTal at icpudal Zcro^etXet?, ical KaXapLOi 
ive'/ceivTO, ol pcev puei^ovs pi Be eXaTTOV?, yovaTa ovk 
€^oi/t€9' tovtovs S' eBec, oiroTe Tt? Bi^rwrj, XafiovTa 27 
et? to GTOfia puv^eiv. ical irdvv dicpaTO? rjv, el /jli] rt? 
vBwp eVt^eof ical irdvv r)Bv av/ifiadovTC to iro/ia r)v 
6 Be Eievocpcov tov puev dpypvTa tt\<$ kcojjltis TavTrjs o~6v- 28 
Benrvov eiroirjo-aTO ical SappeZv avTov e/ce\eve Xeycov, 
otl ovTe tcov tckvcov <JTepr}o-oiTO ttjv Te oltciav avTov 
dvTepnr\i]cravTes tcov eiriTrjBetwv diriacriv, rjv dya66v 
tl tco aTpaTevfiaTi e^rjyTjcrdpLevos (pacvrjTac, ear' dv ev 
dXkto eQvei yevcovTac. 6 Be TavTa viricryyeZTo, ical 29 
(f)iAo(J)povovjbL€vos olvov ecf)pao~ev ev6a rjv icaTopcopv- 
y/jbevos. TavTrjv fiev ovv tt)v vvKTa BiacrKr]vr\aavTes 
ovtcos eicoLpbijdrjaav ev irdcrcv d(p06voi<; irdvTes ol GTpa- 
TicoTac, ev (fivXaicf} e-fcovTes tov Kcopbapxr/v ical Ta Teicva 
avTov ofiov ev btf)6a~kpLoZ$. Trj B ' eiriovcrr) r)puepa ttevo- 30 
(pcov \aj3(bv tov Kcofidpxv v irpos Xeipicro(pov eiropeveTo • 
ottov Be irapioi Kcopurjv, eTpeireTO irrpbs tovs ev Tals 
Kco/xaL? ical KaTeX-dpu^ave iravTaypv evwxpvfJLevovs ical 
evdu/jiov^evous, ical ovBapboOev d<piecrav irplv irapaQelvai 
avTols dptcTTOv ovk rjv S' ottov ov TrapeTiQeaav 67rl3l 
Trjv avTrjv Tpdire^av Kpia dpveia, epifyeia, j(olpeia, 
lioaXeLa, opvldeca, crvv ttoXKoZs dpTOi<s 3 toZ<s /xev irvpi- 



108 xenophon's anabasis. 

32 vois tol<z Be tcpiQivoi^. birbre Be ri<$ cpiXocppovov/jLevos 
rco /3ovXoiro irpomelv, eiXtcev eirl rbv tcparrjpa, evQev 
eirncvtyavra eBei po<povvra irlveiv coairep fiovv. teal 
rco Kcopudpyrj eBcBocrav Xajm^dvecv o, ri [3ovXoiro. 6 Be 
dXXo puev ovBev iBe^ero, ottov Be riva rcov crvyyevcov 

33 cBoi, 7rpbs eavrbv del eXdp,/3avev. eVel S' rfxOov 737309 
Xeipio~o<pov, fcareXafi/3avov tedtceivov^ crtcTjvovvras icrre- 
c\>avco\xevov% rod %r}pod %iXod crrecpdvois, teal Biatco- 
vovvras 'Apfievtovs iralBas crvv rai? jSapfSapitcals crro- 
Aat?* rot? Be iraialv iBeitcvvcrav coairep eveois, 6, rl 

34 Beoi iroielv. eirel S' dXXrjXovs ecbiXoc^povrjaavro Xei- 
picrocpos tcau i^evocpebv, tcoivfj Btj dvrjpcorcov rbv tcco/idp- 
yrp) Bid rod irepcrL^ovros eppLTjvecos, Ti? eirj fj y&pa. 

B eXeyev, on Ap/ievla. teal rrdXiv r)pcorcov, rlvi ol 
liriroi rpecpoivro. 6 B' eXeyev, on /3acriXeL Bacr/xo^' 
ttjv Be TrXrjaiov ^copav ecprj elvai XdXvfia?, teal rrjv 

35 bBbv ec\>pat,ev y elrj. teal avrbv rore puev co^ero dycov 
tEevocfrcov irpbs rovs eavrod olfceras, teal Xirirov bv el- 
Xrjcf>ei iraXalrepov BlBcoctl rco teco [idp^r) dvaOpe-^ravn 

r;*-a-^ tearadvaai, on rjteovaev avrbv lepbv elvai rod *HXlov, 
BeBicbs fi7] diroOdvr) ■ eteetedtecoro <ydp virb rr/s iropeta^ • 
avros Be rcov ircoXcov Xa/ji/3dvei, teal rcov aXXcov arpa- 

36 rr\ycov teal Xoj(aycov eBcoteev e/cdarco rrcoXov. rjaav B 

01 ravrr) Xititoi [xeioves puev rcov Ueptritecov, QvjxoeiBe- 
crrepoi Be irdXv. ivravOa Brj teal BiBdcr/eei o tecofidp^s 
irepl robs rroBas rcov lttttcov teal rcov viro^vylcov crateia 
rrepieCXeiv, orav Bid rr)<; yj,ovo<$ dycoaiv dvev yap rcov 
aatcicov tcareBvovro p*e%pi r?}9 yacrrpos. 

G ^Eirel S' rj/iepa rjv oyBor), rbv jnev r}yep,6va irapaBi- 

Bcoai Xeipicrocfrcp, rovs S' oltceras tcaraXeiirei rco tcco- 
fidp^rj, rrXrjV rov viov rod dpn r)j3daKOvro<;' rovrov B* 
''ETTicrOevei ' ] Afic^iiroXirr] nrapaBiBcoai cpvXdrreiv, oircos, 
el tcaXco<; rjyi^aairo, eywv teal rovrov drrioi. tcai ei<$ rr\v 
olfclav avrov elcrecpopijaav a>9 eBvvavro wXeicrra, tcaV 






BOOK IV. CHAP. VI. 109 

ava%ev%avre<; eiropevovTO. rjyetTO B' avrols 6 Kcoftdp- 2 
^779 XeXv/nevos Bid %i6vo<$' fcal rjBr) re r\v ev tu> Tpirco 
<ttcl0/jl&, koI XeLpiaofyos clvtg) eyaKeiravQii], ore ov/c els 
KcojJLas 'fjyev. 6 B' eXeyev, otl vv/c elev ev tw tottc? 
tovtco. 6 Be X-eipiaofyos clvtov eiratae jxev, eBrjcre S' 3 
ov. e/c Be tovtov ifcelvos T?j? vvktos diroBpas <*>X ero 
KaraXtTTcov tov vlov. tovto ye Brj Xeipcaocfxp tcai 
aevocpcovTC fiovov Bid(f)Opov ev rfj iropeia iyevero, rj 
tov rjyefiovos /cdfccocris fcal d^eXeia. *Eiricr6evr}<$ he 
rjpdcrOrj re tov 7r<xt8o? kol oi/caBe KOjiicras itlgtototo^ 
i%pr}TO. fierd tovto eTropevffrjcrav eirTa aTa6{AOV$ dvd 4 
nrevTe irapaadyya^ t% rj/mepas irapd tov <f>aacv iro- 
Ta/JLOV, evpos irXeOpialov. evTevOev eiropevOrfaav CTa- 5 
6i*ov<; Bvo, Trapacrdyyas Se/ca* eVl Be ttj eh to ireBiov 
virepfioXf] dirrjVT7]aav clvtols XdXvfies kcli Tabyoi 
feed QaaiavoL Xecpicrocpos 8' eirel . KdTelBe T01/9 iroXe- 6 
fiiov? eirl tjj virepfioXfj, eiravaaTO iropevo/jLevos, dire- 
%cqv els TpidicovTa crTaBlov?, Xva fjur) kclto, /cepas dycov 
7rXr}cn,dcrr) rot? iroXejjbLois' 7rapi]yyeiXe Be kcli Tot? 
aXXois Tvapdyeiv tov<$ Xoyovs, oVo)? eirl cfrdXayyos 
yevoiTO to aTpaTevjia. eirel Be rfkOov 01 o7ricr6o<pv- 7 
Xcuces, avve/cdXeae tov<z aTpaTTjyovs kol Xo^ayovs kol 
eXe^ev a)8e. 01 fiev iroXepaoi, &>? opctTe, /caTe^ovcrt, 
Tas v7rep{3oXa<; tov opovs' copa Be {3ovXeveada(,, oVo)? 
&>? KaXXtcTTa dycovcov/JLeda. ifiol puev ovv Bo/cel ira- 8 
payyeTXav fiev dpiGTOiroielo-Qai tols crTpaTicoTcus, 97/za? 
Be (3ovXeveo-6cLL, etre Trjpbepov efce avpiov Bo/cei virep- 
BdXXeiv to 6po<$. 'EjjloI Be ye, e(f)7) 6 KXedvcop, Bo/cel, 9 
eirav Td-yiGTa dpiaTrjcrcofjLev, e^oirXiaaiJbevov^ a>s Tayi- 
q-tcl levai eirl tov<$ avBpas. el yap BiaTptyofxev tt)V 
Tijjmepov rj/jbipav, 0% Te vvv ^/xa? opcoz/re? iroXepbiov 
QappaXeooTepoL eaovTai /cal aXXovs el/cbs tovtcov Qap- 
povvTcov 7rA,e/ou9 irpoayeveaOat,. fxeTa tovtov aevo- 10 
(f>cx)V elirevy 'jE<yco 8' ovtco ycyvcocr/cco. el fiev dvdyfcrj 



110 xenophon's anabasis. 

icrrl fxdyecrQai, tovto hel TrapaatcevaaacrOai, 07Tg>? cos 
KparLcrra fiayovfLeQa' el he fiovXbfieda &>? pacrra 
VTrep(3dXXeiv, tovto fioi ho/ceo cr/ceiTTeov elvai, 07rco? 
ekayiGTa fiev TpavfiaTO, Xaftcofiev, co? eXa^caTa Be 
11 o~ do ficLT a dvhpcbv aTro(3cika)fJLev. to fiev ovv 6po<$ ecTTl 
to opco/mevov irXeov r) ecf) y e^rjKOVTa cTTahia, avhpes 8' 
ovhafiov (pvkaTTOVTes r) fias <pavepo[ elcrov a\X r) /car 

a\)T7]V T7]V ohbv 7ToXlf OVV /CpeLTTOV TOV ipijflOV OpOV? 

/cal /cXe^rai ti ireipacrQai XaObvTas /cal dpirdcrai (£>0d- 
cravTas, el hvvalfieda, fiaXXov r) Trpo? Icr^vpa ^copia 

': 2 /cal avhpas irapeo /cevacrfievovs fid^eaOac. 7roXv jap 
paov opOiov dfiayei levai r) bfiaXes evOev /cal evOev 
7ro\efMLcop ovtcov, /cal vv/CTCop dfiayel fidXXov av to, irpb 
wohcbv opojr) tis i) fjieO* rj/xepav fiaybfievo^, /cal r) Tpa- 
yela tols nrocrlv dfiayel lovcnv evfievecrTepa r) r) bfiaXr) 

13Ta? /cecpaXds fiaXXofievots. /cal /cXetyai, ov/c dhvvaTOV 
fioi, ho/cel elvai ej*bv fiev vv/ctos levai, go? fir) bpaaOai, 
e^bv he direXOelv toctovtov co? fir) aicrdrjcriv irape^eiv, 
ho/covfiev S' av fioi TavTy irpoairoiovfievoi irpocrfidX- 
Xeiv eprjfjLOTepcp av tco ciXXq) opei %pr}cr0ai' fievoiev 

14 yap avTov fidXXov dQpboi ol iroXefiioi. aTap ti eya> 
irepl fcXoTTrjs crvfij3dXXofiai ; vfias yap eycoye, to Xei- 
ptcro<f)e, d/covco tovs Aa/cehaifioviovs, ocroi ecrre tcov 
Ofioiccv, ev6v$ etc iralhosv icXeirTeiv fieXeTav, kol ov/c 
alo")spbv elvai dXXd /caXbv /cXeiTTeiv ocra fir) /ccoXvei 

15 vbjjbos. ottco? he co? /cpaTicrTa /cXeirTrjTe teal ireipaaOe 
Xav0dveiv, vbfiifiov dpa vfiiv Icttiv, edv XrjfydrjTe teke- 
7TT0VTe$, [iao-Tiyova6aL. vvv ovv pbdXa croi icaipos eaTiv 
eTTihei^aaOai ttjv Trauheiav, ical <fivXd%ao-6ac fievTOt, fir) 
XrjcpOcofjLev fcXenTOVTes tov opovs, cos fir) 7roXXa$ ttXt]- 

167a? Xd/3cofjiev. 'AXXa fievTOC, e<j>rj 6 XetptVo^o?, Kayo) 
vfias tovs 'AOrjvalovs d/covco heivovs elvai /cXeirTew 
tcl hrifibaia /cal fidXa ovtos hecvov tov klvSvvov tg5 
KXeiTTOVTi, /cal tovs /cpaTicrTovs puevTOi [idXiGTa, elirep 



BOOK IV. CHAP. VI. Ill 

vp.iv ol Kpartcrroc dpyeiv d^iovvrac ware topa teal crol 
eiriBeiKvvcrOai, tyjv iraiBelav. 'Eyco [lev tolwv, ecprj 17 
o aevocptov, eroLfJio^ elpLC tovs oiucrOofyvkaKas eywv, 
enreiBdv BeiTrvrjo-cofiev, ikvai KaTaXTj-^rofievos to opos. 
e^o) Be teal rjyefjiovas • ol yap yv/jLV7]Te<; tcov ecpeirofievcov 
rjjjLLv kKcottcov e\a(36v Tivas eveBpevaavTe^' Kal tovtcov 
irwddvofxai, on ovtc afiarov eari to opos, dWd vepue- 
tcll al^l Kal (Bovctlv ware, idvirep dira^ \d(3cofjLev tl 
tov opovs, [Bard Kal rots vTroQjyioLS ecrTai. ekiri^co Be 18 
ovBe rovs 7ro\ep,iov<; fievelv en, eireuBdv iBcocnv rjfias 
ev tco ofxoUp 67rl tcov aKpcov ovBe yap vvv eOekovcrt 
Kcuraftaiveiv rjfxlv et? to lctov. 6 Be Xecpiaocpos elwe, 19 
Kal tl Bel ere levai Kal \uirelv ttjv biTio-Qo^vkaiciav ; 
dWd dWovs irepb-^rov, dv pii] Tives eOeXovaioi cpaivcov- 
tcli. etc tovtov > Api,o-Tcbvvp,o<z MedvBptevs epyeTai oifkl- 20 
ra? eyav Kal 'Apco-Tea? Xto? yvfivrjTas Kal NiK6p,a%os 
OiTalos ryvfivrjTas • Kal crvvOrjpLa eiroirjcravTo, oiroTe 
eyoiev Ta aKpa, irvpa Kaieiv iroXkd. TavTa trvvOe- 21 
fjuevoi rjplcrTcov" Ik Be tov dpiaTOV Trporjyayev 6 Xec- 
pio-o(j)os to GTpaTev\xa rrav go? BeKa o~TaBlov<; irpos 
tovs TToXefiLOvs, oVa)? &)9 pudXicTTa Bokolt) TavTr) irpoa- 
d^eiv. 

^EireiBr] Be eBelirvrjcrav Kal vv<~ eyeveTO, ol f^ev22 
Ta^OevTe^ coyovTO, Kal KaTa\apL/3dvovcri, to opo<$, ol Be 
dXkoi avTov dveiravovTO. ol Be iroXepuoi eirel rjcrdovTO 
eypiievov to opos, eyprjyopecrav Kal eKaiov irvpd iro'KKd 
Bed vvktos. €7recBr) Be rj/uuepa eyeveTO, Xetpicrocpos yu.ez/23 
&vo-djj,evo<$ r/ye Kara ttjv 6B6v, ol Be to 6po$ KaTdXa- 
/3cWe? Kara Ta aKpa eirrjeaav. tcov B* av iroXefJbiwv 24 
to fiev 7ro\v e/xevev eirl tjj VTrepj3o\fj tov opovs, fiepos 
B avTcov dirrjVTa toZ$ Kara Ta aKpa. irplv Be opuov 
elvai tov<$ iroXkovs dXkrjXois avpLfiLyvvacrLv ol Kara 
Ta aKpa, Kal vikcoctiv ol "EXXnjves Kal Bmdkovctiv. eV25 
tovtg) Be Kal ol Ik tov ireBiov ol fiev TreXTacrral tcov 



112 XENOPHONS ■ ANABASIS. 

*EX~Xrjvcov $p6fi<p eOeov 7rpo? tou9 Trapareray/jLevovs, 
Xeipiaotyo? Be fidBrjv Tayy e^eiirero crvv Toh oirXiTais. 

2b ot oe iroXejJLiot 01 em Ty 00a) eiretor) to avco ecopcov r)T- 
rco/juevov, fyevyovcn' /cal direQavov fxev ov iroXXol av* 
to)v, yeppa Be irapnroKXa eXr]§Qr) • a ol r/ EX\r)ve<; Tah 

27 pLayaipais /coTTTovTes d^pela eirolovv. &)? o" dvefir}- 
aav, SvcravTes /cal Tpbiraiov cTrjo-dpLevoi, /carefirjcrav eh 
to ireBiov, /cal eh /capias tto'XXwv /cal dyaOcov yepuovaa^ 
r)X6ov. 

7 'Ek Be tovtcov eiropevOrjcrav eh Ta6%ov<; araOfiov^ 

irevre, irapacrdyyas Tpcd/covTa' /cal tcu eiriTrfieia eire- 
Xiire' ywpia yap d)/covv Icr^vpd ol Tabyoi, ev oh ical 

2 tcu ejriTrjBeia irdvra el^ov dva/ce/cofiLo-pLevoi. eirel B* 
dcpifcovTO 7T/30? ^coplov, b ttoXcv ptev ov/c el^ev ovB' ol- 
Kias, avveXrjXvOoTes 6" rjcrav avroae ical avBpes /cal 
yvval/ce? /cal /CTrjvrj TroXXa, Xeiplcrocfios /nev 7rpo? tovto 
irpocrefiaXXev ei)6v<; rj/ccov eTreiBr) Be r) TrpooTrj rd%i<$ 
direKajjivev, aXXrj irpoarjei ical avdis aXXrj' ov yap rjv 

3 d6pooi<$ TrepLcrTTjvaL, dXXa 7roTa//,o? rjv kv/cXco. eireiBrj 
Be ttevocpcov rfxOe avv roh biriaOo^vXa^L /cal TreXra- 
crrah ical OTrXlrais, evrau6a Br) Xeyei Xeiplaocpos, Eh 
icaXbv rjfcere' to yap ywpiov alpereov rfj yap arparca 
ov/c ecrrt rd eiriTrjBeia, el fir) Xrj^ropLeOa to ^coplov. 

4 ivravOa Br) /coivfj e/3ovXevovTO • ical rod 'EevocfrcbvTOS 
epcoToovTos, tl to kcoXvov ecrj elo~e\0eiv, elirev 6 Xeipl- 
o~o(f)0<;, ['A\a] [ita avTrj nrdpoBos ecrTiv r)v bpa$' oTav 
Be Tt? TavTjj iretpaTat irapievai, icvXlvBovgl \160vs 
virep TavT7]<; Tr)<$ virepeypvGiqs ireTpas' o? S' av /caTa- 
XrjepOf], ovtco BiaTiOeTaL. dfia S' eBec^e avvTeTptjjL- 

5 fjbevovs dvOpoyrrovs /cal cr/ceXr) /cal irXevpds. *Hv Be 
toi)? ~Xl9dv$ dva\o)crcocnv, e<f)7) 6 aevocfiwv, aXXo to rj 
ovSev KOiXvei irapievai ; ov yap Bt] i/c tov ivavTiov 
opoijiev el /jbr} oXiyovs tovtov? dv6pa)7rovs, /cal tovtcov 

6 Bvo r) Tpeh d)7rXio-fJ,evov<;. to Be ywpiov, co? /cal crv 



BOOK IV. CIIAP. VII. 113 

opas, cr^eBbv rpla tj/jl [irXeO ] pd icrrtv o BeZ fiaXXofievovs 
BieXOeZv. tovtov Be ocrov TrXeOpov Baai) irvrvai Bia- 
Xei7rovcrac<; fieydXais, dv6* £>v eaT7)K6T€<i avBpes rl dv 
irda-yoiev rj virb twv (pepo/xevcov Xidcov rj V7rb twv 
KvXtvBovfxevwv ; to Xolttov ovv r)Brj yiyverai ft)? r)fil- 
irXeOpov, b BeZ, brav Xw^rjawacv ol Xi6ol, irapaBpapbelv. 
'AXXd ev0v<>, e(f)7] 6 XeLpi(TO(f)o<;, eireiBdv dp^wpueOa et? 7 
to Bacrv irpoo-ievai, <f)ipovTac ol XlOol 7ToXXol. Avto 
dv, eSrj, to Beov ecrj* Qclttov jap dvaXwcrovai tov$ 
XlOovs. dXXa iropevwfJLeOa evOev tj/jllv pmcpov tl irapa- 
Bpa/xeZv eo-Tcu, rjv BvvwfJbeOa, /cai direXdeZv paBuov, r\v 
/3ovXwp,e6a. 

'EvTevOev eiropevovTO Xeipicro(f)o<; /cat aevocpwv real 8 
KaWfjjLa-^o^ Happdaios Xo^ayos' tovtov yap r) r)ye- 
liovia r)v twv bino~6o$>vXdK(ov Xo^aywv e/cetvrj ttj r)p,e- 
pci' ol Be aXXoo Xo^ayol e/ievov ev tw da(paXeZ. [leTa 
tovto ovv aTrrjXOov vtto To, BevBpa dvQpwiroi ft)? efiBo- 
firj/covTa, ovk dOpooi, dXXa /caO' eva, €fcao~TO<; (fivXaT- 
TOfievos co? iBvvaTO. 'Ayaaias Be 6 ^TV/jufidXcos Ka\ 9 
'Apio-Tcovvfios MeOvBpievs, koX ovtoi twv birio-Qofyv- 
Xdfccov Xo^ayol 6We?, icaX aXXoL Be, icfreaTacrav e^co 
twv BevBpwv ■ ov yap rjv dcr<fiaXe<z ev toZs BevBpot,? ecrTa- 
vai irXeZov rj tov eva Xo%ov. ev6a By KaXXL/ia^o^ 10 
firj^avaTal tl % irpoeTpeyev dirb tov BevBpov, vcp 1 & rjv 
auTO?, Bvo /ecu Tpia firjfiaTa' enrel Be ol XlOot, cfiepoLVTO, 
dveyaCpTO evireTw^' e<fi e/cdo-Tr)? Be TrpoBpofir)^ irXeov 
rj Be/ca dpua^ai ireTpwv dvrfkiaKOVTO. 6 Be 'Ayacrla^ 11 
&)? opa tov KaXXlfMa^ov a eirolei, koX to crTpaTevfia 
irav Secb/nevov, Betaa^, /jltj ov nrpwTO<$ TrapaBpdpoi et? 
to ywplov, ovTe tov 'ApicrTcovvjjLov irXrjalov ovTa irapa- 
KaXecras ovTe EvpvXo^ov tov Aovaiea eTaipovs ovTa<$ 
ovTe dXXov ovBeva %wpeZ avTos, /cal irapepyeTai irdv- 
Ta$. o Be KaXXl/ia^o<; ft)? ecopa avTov irapibvTa, eiri- 12 
XafifidveTat avTov t?}? IVfo? • ev Be tovtco ivapeQei 



114: xenophon's anabasis. 

clvtovs 'ApiaTcovv/jLos MeOvSpievs, icai fiera tovtov 
EvpvXo^o^ Aovcnevs* wdvTe? yap ovtol dvTeiroiovvTO 
aperr)$ Kal Sir\yooviXovTo irpbs dXXjjXovs' zeal ovtgos 
ipi^ovres alpovai to yjsplov. co? yap dira^ elcreSpa- 

13 fiov, ovSeh 7rerpo9 dvcoOev rjve^Or]. evravOa S?j heivbv 
rjv S-ia/xa, al yap yvval/ces parrovaab ra iraihia elra 
fcal eavras eiriKaTeppiirTovv, teal ol avSpes u>aavTG)<$. 
evOa hrj Kal Alveias XTVjJbtyakio? Xo^ayb^ IScov two, 
3-iovra &>9 pfyovra eavTov o~ToXr)v eypvra KaXrjv eiri- 

liXa/xfidveTac &>9 KcoXvcrcov. 6 8e avrbv eTUGTraTai, teal 
afJL^OTepoi wyovTO Kara tcov irerp&v (pepo/juevoc Kal 
diredavov. ivrevOev av6pa>iroi [lev irdvv okiyoi iXq- 
§Qi)<jav, /36e9 Se tcai ovoi ttoKXoI Kal irpofiara. 

15 'EvTevdev iTropevOrjcrav Sea XaXvficov <TTa9/jLov$ 
kirrd, irapacrayyas irevTrjKOVTa. ovtoi rjcrav cov SirjX- 
6ov akKi[i(i}TO.TOL, Kal eh yeipas fjecrav. €t%ov Se 
Qcopa/cas Xlvovs f^i^pc t0 ^ V t P 0V > dvTi Be tcov Trrepv- 

16 ycov enrdpra iTVKvd eo-Tpafi/jLeva. el)(ov Be Kal kvtj/al- 
Sas /cal fcpdvrj Kal irapa ttjv ^covrjv pLa^aLpiov bcrov 
^vrfXrjv AaKcovLK^v, & eacparrov cov Kparelv hvvaivro, 
Kal aTrore/bLvovTes dv tcls Ke(f>aXa<; e%ovTes eiropevovTO, 
Kal fjSov Kal eyopevov, oirore ol TroXepuoL avTovs o^jre- 
a6ao epbeXXov. el^ov Se Kal Sopv a>9 irevTeKalBeKa 

17 tttj^wv pblav Xoyxyv eyov. ovtoi eve/juevov ev Toh iro- 
XLo-fiaaLV eirel Be irapeXQoiev ol "EXXrjves, eXirovTO 
del [JLa^pfjievoL. cokovv he ev Toh byypoh, Kal rd eiri- 
T7]8eca ev tovtois dvaKeKO/juo-fievoi, rjaav coare fM7]Sev 
Xafifidveiv avToOev tov$ "EXXrjvas, dXXd SueTpd(prjaav 

18 Toh KTTjveo-iv, a eK tcov Tao^cov eXafiov. eK tovtov 
ol "EXXrjves dcpiKOVTO eirl tov f/ Apiraaov iroTapbov, ev- 
pos TeTTapcov irXeOpcov. evTevQev eiropevdrjo-av Bca 
XkvOlvwv o-Ta6[jLov<; TeTTapas, Trapaadyyas eUoat, Sod 
irehiov eh Koofia^' ev ah efiecvav rjfiepas Tpeh Kal 

19 eireaiTiaavTO. evTevdev Se rjXOov GTaQ\iov^ TeTTapa^ 



BOOK IV. CHAP. VII. 115 

irapaadyya<; etKocn, irphs ttoXlv fjLeydXrjv ical evSal- 
fjiova /cal ol/cov{ievr)v, r) itcaXelro Tv/ivia^. i/c Ta.i/T/79 
6 rrjs ^a)pa<; cipxcov rot? e/ EX\r]<jiv r)yepb6va ire\xirei, 
oVa)? Bid t?)? eavr&v 7roA,e/z/a9 %&>p<x? dyoi avrovs. 20 
eXOcov S' etcelvos Xeyei, on a%ei avrovs irevre rj/juepoyv 
eh %copiov, oOev o^ovrau QdXaTrav el Be fir], re6vd- 
vai i7T7]jje\XeT0. /cal r)yov]ievo^ e7reiSr} eve(3aXev eh 
tt)v eavroh iroXep^iav, irapeKeXevero aXQeiv /cal <pdel- 
peiv ttjv %(opav co /cal BrjXov eyevero, on tovtov eve/ca 
eXOoi, ov t?}9 tcoz/ 'EXXtfvcov evvoias. /cal d<f>LKVovvrac2] 
eirl to gpo<z rfj irefiTrrrj rjfiepa' ovo/na Be tw opei r)v 
Qr)yr]<$. eireiBi] he ol Trpcoroo eyevovro eirl rod 6pov<z 
/cal tcareiSov tt\v QaXarrav, /cpavyrj ttoXXtj eyevero. 
d/covcras Be 6 ftevocpcov ical ol o7ricr0o<f>vXa/ce<; cprj0r]crav 22 
efi7rpoo~6ev dXXovs eiriTiOeaOai TroXefiiovs • elirovTo yap 
/cal oTriardev ol etc rr)s /cato/ievr)? %6opa<;, /cal avr&v ol 
OTTLO-docpvXafces dire/CTeivdv re nvas teal e^ooyprjerav 
iveSpav Trotrjcrd/JLevoi, /cal yeppa eXafiov Baaetcov fiooov 
oojAofioeia dfupl rd ecKoenv. eireiBr] Be (17) j3or) irXeiwv 23 
re iyiyvero /cal iyyvrepov /cal ol del irnovre^ eOeov 
Bp6fji(p eirl roi)<$ del fiowvras /cal ttoXXm fieiCpv iyiyvero 
r\ fior) ocrcj) Br) rrXeiovs eyiyvovro, eSo/cet Sr) pbel^ov n 
elvau Tw p,evocj)a)vn • /cal dvafids eft Xitttov /cal Avklov 24 
ical tou9 lirireas dvaXa/3<hv 7rapej3orj6ec /cal rd^a Sr) 
d/covoven fiocbvrcov rcov arpancorcov, ©dXarra, SdXar- 
ra, /cal rrapeyyucovrcov. evOa Brj edeov diravre^ /cal ol 
biricrOofyvXaices, /cal rd viro^vyca rjXavvero /cal ol Xir- 
•7TOL. eVel Be dcpl/covro irdvres eirl to ci/cpov, ivravOa 25 
Br) TrepiejBaXXov dXXrfXov^ ical crrparTjyovs ical Xoya- 
701)9 Ba/cpvovres. /cal i^airivqs orov Br) irapeyyvr]crav- 
T09 ol crrpanwrai <pepovcro Xldov? ical iroiovai koXcdvov 
fieyav. ivravOa dverldeaav Sep/judrcov 7rXr]6o<; a>yu-o-26 
(Boetcov ical fia/CTrjplas ical rd alyjxdXuiTa yeppa, ical 6 
r]yejjLoov avros re Karerefive rd yeppa ical tols dXXoi? 



116 XENOPHON'S ANABASIS. 

27 BiefceXevero. fiera ravra rbv rjyepiova 01 r, EXXr]ve$ 
airoirefjorovai Bcopa B6vre<; drrb icoivov Ittttov kcll <fiid- 
\t]v dpyvpdvical cncevr]v TlepcrLfcrjv /cal hapeacovs he/ca. 
f/rei 8e fidXtcrra rovs hatcrvkiovs, ical eXa/3e iroXXovs 
rrapa rcov arpancorcbv. kco/jLtjv 8e Sei^as avrols, ov 
atcrjvrjcrova-i, /cal rrjv 6S6v, r)v rropevaovrai eh Md/cpco- 
vas, errel eairepa iyivero, <$X €T0 T? 7 ? vv/crbs drncov. 

8 ^EvrevOev 8' eiropevQr\o-av ol "EXXrjves 81a Ma- 

fcpcovcov crraOfiovs rpeh, rrapacrdyyas Be/ca. rfj irpcbry 
Se r)jjbepa dfyitcovro irrl rbv irorafiov, 0? wpi^e rrjv re 

2 TWV MdiCpcOVCDV KOV TTjV T&V XkvOiVOIV. elyOV .8' V7T€p 

8e%LO)v ywpiov olov ycCKeiT(£>rarov /cal e£ dpicrrepa^ 
aXXov irorapbov, eh ov evefiaXXev 6 opi^cov, &' ov eSet 
Sta/3r)vac. rjv 8e ovros Saabs SivSpeac rrayecn fxev ov, 
rrvKvoh Be. ravra eirel 7rpoo~r)X6ov ol r/ EXXr)ves e/co- 
rrrov, airevhovres etc rov ^coplov <&? rdyiara e^eXOelv, 

3 ol Be Md/cpcoves e^ovres yeppa teal Xoy^as ical Tpiyl- 
vovs yirwvas /caravnrrepas rr)s 8(,aj3do-eo)s irapare- 
rayjJLevoi rjcrav /cal dXXrjXocs Bie/ceXevovro ical XlOovs 
eh rbv irorafibv eppiTrrovv i^i/cvovvro Be ov ovB' 
e/SXarrrov ovBiv. 

4 "Evda Br) rrpocrkpyerai rep 'Bevocpoyvn rcov nreXra- 
gtcdv Tt? dvr)p "AOrjvrjcn (pda/ccov BeBovXev/cevai, Xeycov, 
on ytyvd>cr/cot, rrjv <pcovr]v rcov dvOpobircov. /cal olfiai, 
e<f)r}, ifirjv ravrrjv rrarpiha elvav /cal el fi?] ri KooXvev, 

5 iOeXco avroh BiaXe^Orjvai. *AX}C ovBev /ccoXvei, €(fyr), 
dXXd SuaXeyov ical [xd6e irpoyrov, rives elcriv. ol cT 
elirov epcorijcravros on Mdtcpcoves. 'Epcora rolvvv, 
ecpT], avrovs, ri dvrirerdyarai ical yjprjtpvaiv rjfilv 

TToXejJLLOL elvai. ol S' aTre/cpivavro, rr On ical vfieis eirl 
T7)V rj/ierepav ycopav epyecrQe. Xeyeiv e/ceXevov ol 
arparTjyol, on ov icatc&s ye i70ir\aovres, dXXa, /3aatXe2 
7roXe/JL7]cravTes dnvepyofJueQa et? rrjv 'EXXdSa, /cal ewl 

7 QdXarrav fiovXojJieOa d^i/ceaQai. rjpcbrcov e/celvoi, el 



BOOK IV. CHAP. VIII. 117 

Bolev av tovtcov ra iricrrd. ol S' ecpacrav real Bovvat 
Kal Xafieiv eOeXeiv. evrevOev BtBoaacv ol Md/cpcove? 
/3ap/3apo/C7]v \6y)(r]v toZs " EXXtjctcv, ol Be "EXXqves 
itceLvois 'EXkTjvtKrjv ravra yap ecpacrav tuo-tcl elvac 
Seovs Be eTrefJiapTvpavTO d/xcpoTepot. 

Mera Be rd iriard evOvs ol Md/cpcoves rd BevBpa 8 
avve^eKOTTTOv rrjv re 6Bbv coBottolovv, co? 8taf3i/3dcrov- 
T€?, ev yu-ecrot? dvap.eyjiyixe.voi tols "EXXtjctl, kol dyopdv 
oXav eBvvavTO irapelyov, Kal iraprjyayov ev rpiaiv rj/xe- 
pai$, eo)9 C7rl rd KoX^cov opta /carecrTTjcrav tovs "EX- 
Xtjvcls. ivravOa rjv opos jxeya, irpoo-fiarbv Be.' Kal eirl 9 
rovrov ol KoX^oi iraparerayiievoL rjcrav. Kal to fxev 
irpoiTov ol "EXXrjves dvriTraperd^avro fcard cpdXayya, 
&)? outgj? d^ovres 7rpo? to opo<;' eireira Be eBo^e rofc 
o-TparrjyoLS (3ovXevcrao-6ai avXXeyelcriv, ottcd? go? koX- 
XtcrTa dycoviovvTai. eXe^ev ovv 'Eevocpcov, ort BoKel 10 
7ravaavTa<; tt)V cpdXayya Xo^ovs 6p6lov<; Troirjcrac r) 
fiev yap cpdXay£ Biaairao-OrjcreTaL ev0vs' rrj jxev yap 
avoBov ttj Be evoBov evpijcro/xev to opo<;' Kal evOvs tovto 
dOv/xlav irooTJcrei, bWav TeTay/xevoi et? cpdXayya TavT7]v 
Bcea7racr/xev7]V bpeoenv. eireiTa, i)v /xev eirl ttoXXovsII 
TeTayfjuevob irpoo-dyco/xev, irepiTTevcrovcnv tj/xcov ol iro- 
Xe/xcoc /cal toZs irepiTTol^ yj)r\<jovTai 6, tl av fiovXcov- 
Tav edv Be eir bXlycov TeTay/xevoi tco/xev, ovBev av 
elri QavfiaaTov el BiaKOirelr] rj/xcov rj cpdXay£ vtto 
dOpbcov ical (SeXcov Kal dvOpcoircov ttoXXcov eLiireaovTcov 
el Be nrrj tovto ecFTai, ttj oXrj cpdXayyu Kaicbv ecrTai. 
dXXd fioi Boicel opOlovs toi>? Xb^ovs TroLrjcraLievovs 12 
ToarovTov ywpiov KaraayeZv BiaXnrbvTas rot? Xb^ois 
oorov e^co tov<z ea^aTov^ Xo^ovs yeveaOat tcov iroXe- 
pLicov fcepaTcov Kal ovtcds eaojAeOa T97? Te tcov 7ro\e- 
pLicov cpdXayyos e^co ol ea^aTOi Xo^ol, Kal opOlov? 
dyovTes ol KpaTicrToi rj/xcov irptoTOi irpoaiaaiv, y Te dv 
evoBov r), TavTj] e/cacrro? d^et 6 7k6^o<;. Kal eh Te to 13 



118 xenophon's anabasis. 

BiaXelirov ov pdBiov ecrrac rots iro\efiioi<; elaeXQelv 
evOev Kal evOev Xb^cov ovrcov, . Btaicb'^raL re ov pdBcov 
ecrTCH, Xo^ov opOcov irpocribvra. edv re ris TTie^rai, 

TCOV Xo^COV, 6 7fX,7]0-L0V fior)6r)Crei. TjV T6 el? 7T7) BvV7]6y 

rcov Xb^cov iirl rb aicpov dvafir)vai, ovBels fjL7)K6Ti fielvy 

14 TO)V 7T0\€{ILCDV. TCLVTCL eBo^e, Kal ilTOLOVV 6p6lOV<i TOV$ 

A.6^01;?. Eevotycbv Be dmioav eirl to evcovv/uLov dirb tov 
Setjcov eXeye rol<; arpaTidyra^, "uivSpes, ovrol elcriv 
o£>? Spare [jlovol en rjfuv efiiroBcov to fir) rjSr) elvav evOa 
rrakav eairevBofiev tovtovs, rjv 7Tft)? Bvvcofieda, /cat 
oofiovs Sec fcarcufyayelv. 

15 \E7rel 8' ev rat'; yozpais eKaaroi iyevovro real row 
\6%ov<; opOlovs eiroirjo-avro, iyevovro fiev Xb^ov rwv 
ottXit&v a/i(j)l rovs byBorjKovra, 6 Be Xo^o 1 ; etcao-ros 
cr^eBbv eh tovs etcarbv rovs Be ireXracrTas teal rovs 
ro^oras rpi'xfi eTTOLrjcravTO, tov? fiev tov evcovvfiov etjio, 
tol»9 &e tov Be^cov, rovs Be Kara fiecrov, a^eBbv e^aKO- 

16 crlovs efcdcrTOVS. e/c tovtov Traprjyyvrjcrav ol crrparrjyol 
evyeo-Qai' ev^dfievoi Be leal 7raiaviaavre<; iiropevovro. 
/col Xecpicro<f)Os fiev teal aevo(j)cbv teal ol crvv avroi? 
TreXrao-ral rr)<; r&v iroXefiicDV (pdXayyo? e£co yevbfievoi 

17 eTropevovro ' ol Be iroXefiuoi co? elBov avrovs, dvTirra- 
pa6eovTe<; ol fiev iirl to Be^cbv ol Be eirl to evcovvfiov 
Biea7rdcr0r]o-av, Kal ttoXv rrjs avrcov cpdXayyos ev rco 

18 fiecrco /cevbv eiroir)crav. ISovres Be avrovs BiaydXpvras 
ol KaTa rb 'Ap/caSi/cov ireXracrraly cov r)p%ev Aio-yivr)<$ 
6 ^Aitapvdv, vofjbio-avTes cpevyeiv dvaicpayovres eOeov 
Kal ovroi irpcoroL iirl rb opo$ dva/3alvovcn' avvecpel- 
irero Be avrols Kal to ApKaBiKov ottXitikov, cov rfpye 

19 KXedvcop 6 'Op^ofievios. ol Be 7roXefiioi, co? rjptjavro 
3-elv, ovKen eaTrjcrav, dXXd <f>vyfj aXXos aXXy e\pd- 
irero. ol Be f EXXrjve? dva/3dvre<; icrTparoTreBevovro 
ev TroXXals KGO/JLai? Kal TaTriTrjBeia rroXXd e^ovaa^. 

20 Kal rd /nev dXXa ovBev r)v, 6, to Kal eOav/jLaaav ra Be 



BOOK IV. CHAP. VIII. 119 

crjjLrjvr) 7roXXa rjv avToOl, teal tcov terjpicov ocroi ecfyayov 
tcov arparicoTcov Trdvres aeppoves re eyiyvovTO teal 
rjfxovv teal kcltcd hie^copei avrols teal opdbs ovhels r)hv- 
varo Lcrra<j0at, dXX* ol fiev bXlyov ehrjhoteoTes a<f)6hpa 
fjueOvovcTLv icpteeaav, ol he ttoXv fiaivofievoi^, ol he teal 
aTrodvrjo-fcovcLV. etceiVTO he ovtoo ttoXXoI ooairep Tpoirrjs 21 
<yeyevr)/jLev7]<?, teal nroXXr) rjv dOv/JLca. rfj S' vaTepata 
direOave fxev ovheis, dficfrl Be Ti]V avTr]v ttov oopav 
dvecfrpovovv TpiTTj he teal rerdpTr] dviaravro tooirep 
etc <§>api±aKOiroo-ia<$. 

'EvTevOev 8' eiTopevQr]crav hvo GTaQ^xov^, irapa- 22 
crdyyas eirrd, zeal rjXOov eirl QdXarrav et? Tpaire- 
^ovvra ttoXiv 'EXXrjviha, olteov/Jbevrjv ev tw Ev^etvw 
JJovtco, Xivwirecov diroitelav ev tjj KoXycov X^P^' 
ivravda ejjbetvav rjfiepas dfufil t<x? rpid/covra ev rat? 
tcov KoX^cov Kcbfjiais' fcdvrevOev opfioo/xevoi eXrjl&VTO 23 
rr)v KoX^tha. dyopdv he irapelypv ru> arparoirehcp 
Tpaire^ovvTioi, teal ehe^avro re tovs "EXXrjvas teal 
%evia ehoaav ySoO? teal dX(f)iTa teal olvov. avvhieirpaT- 24 
tovto he teal virep tcov rrrXrjcriov KoX^oov tcov ev tg3 
irehiop fidXicrTa oIkovvtcov, teal %evia teal map e/eeevcov 
rfkOov /3oe9. fierd he tovto tt)v Qvaiav, r)v ev^avro, 25 
Trapecrteevd^ovTO ' rfkOov h* avTOis Iteavol /56e? diro- 
Ovaai to) Ail T(p crcoTrjpi teal tu> 'Hpa/eXei r)yefi6o~vva 
teai toi$ dXXois Qeol? a ev^avTO. eirolrjaav he teal 
dycova yvpivitebv ev too opei, evOairep io~terjvovv. eX- 
Xovro he ApatebvTiov ^TrapTiaTTjv, o? e<j>vye irals oov 
oXteoOev, nralha dtecov tearateTavoov %vrfkr) nraTa^a^, hpb- 
fjuov t e7rifie\r}6r)vai teal tov dyoovos TrpocrTaTijcrai. 
eTreihr) he r) Qvcria eyeveTo, to, hepfiaTa irapehoaav too 26 
Apatcovrico, teal r)yeicrOai eteeXevov, ottov tov hpo/iov 
ireiroirjteco^ elrj. 6 he hel£a<; ovirep eaTr)KOTe<; eTvyya- 
vov, Ovtos o Xotfjos, ecpr}, tedXXiGTOS Tpe%eiv oiroi dv 
ri? fiovXrjTai. ITdo? ovv, ecpacrav, hvvrjaovTai iraXaleiv 



120 xenophon's anabasis. 

iv crteXrjpS teal hacrel ovtcqs ; o 8' elire, MdXXov ti 

27 avidaeTCLL o teaTa7reo~cov. rjyeovi^ovTO he 7ralhe<; fxev 
ardSiov twv afy/AaXcoTcov ol nrXelcnoi, hoXi^ov he 
Kprjres Tfkeiovs rj e^rjKOvra eOeov, iraXrjv he teal ttv- 
ryfirjv teal iraytepaTiov erepot. teal teaXr] Sea iyeveTO' 
ttoXXoI yap KCLTefirjaav teal are Qecofievcov twv eraipcov 

28 ttoXXtj <fiiXovei/eia iyiyveTO. eOeov he teal Xttttoi teal 
ehei clvtovs Kara, rod irpavov? iXdaravTas iv ry $a- 
Xdrrrj dvaaTpe^ravTa^ irdXiv dvco irpbs rbv /3cop,bv 
dyeiv. teal Karco [lev ol ttoXXoI itevXivhovvTO' dvco he 
7rpo9 to lo")(yp(bs opOiov /jloXls /3dhrjv eiropevovro ol 
Xttttoi ' evda ttoXXtj tepavyrj teal yeXco? teal irapatceXev- 
o~l<; iyiyveTO avTcbv. 



BOOK Y. 



1 "Oaa. [iev hrj iv ry dvajBdcrei ttj fierd Kvpov 
eirpa^av ol "EXXrjves, teal ocra ev rfj iropela rfj fie^pi 
iirl 3-dXarrav Tr\v ev ra> Ev^elvco Uovtcq, teal <w? eh 
Tpaire^ovvra iroXtv 'EXXqviha dcpiteovTO, teal to? dire- 
Ovcrav a ev^avro awrrjpia QvcreLV, evda irptoTov eh 
(piXtav yrjv d(pL/eoivro, iv tu> irpbcrQev Xoyw hehyXcorac. 

2 i/e he tovtov %vveX66vTe$ i/SovXevovro irepl rrj<; XoLirrjS 
TTopelas' dveo-rr] he irpioTOS 'AvriXecov Oovpcos teal 
eXe^ev code. Jiiyco puev toivvv, eepr], co avbpes, airei- 
prjica tjBt] ^vatceva^ofjievos teal j3ahl£cov teal rpe^cov teal 
rd oirXa cfrepcov teal iv rd^ei Icov teal ef>vXated<; (pvXdrrcov 
teal jxayofjuevo^, iin6v[Jbto he rjhrj iravcrdfjLevos tovtcov 
tcov Trovcov, itrel QdXaTTav eyop^ev, irXelv to Xolttov 
teal i/eTadeh, osairep 'Ohvcrcrevs, teaOevhcov dfyiteeo-Qat, 

3 eh T)]V 'EXXdha. TavTa dteovo~avTe<; ol GTpaTitoTai 
dve6opvfir}o-av, go? ev Xeyoi' teal dXXos TavTa eXcye, 



BOOK V. CHAP. I. 



121 



Kal irdvres ol rrapovres. erreura Be Xecplaocpos dvearrj 
/ecu elrrev &Be. £/Xo9 fioi eartv, to avBpes, 'Avagificos, 4 
vavapx<* v $* [fccu] rvy%dvei. rjv ovv rre/i^re /ie, 
otoficu dv eXOelv teal rpiijpeis e%a>z> Kal rrXola rd r)fias 
d^ovra- vfim Be eirrep rrXelv /3ovXecr0e, rrepi/ievere, 
ear dv eyco eXOco ■ r/^co Be -ra^eo)?. a/covaavres ravra 
ol arpantorai TjcrOrjcrdv re Kal e^7](j)icravro rrXelv avrov 
&>? Tayiara. 

Merd rovrov Uevocpcov dvearrj Kal eXe^ev coBe. 5 
Xecpiaocpo<; fiev Br) eVl nrXola crreXXerat, rj/iel? Be dva- 
fievovfiev ocra fioi ovv BoKel Kaipbs elvai rroielv iv rfj 
fJiovf), ravra epw. rrpcorov fiev rd eirirrjBeia Bel Trope- 6 
%ea6ai Ik rrjs iroXefiia^' ovre yap dyopd eariv iKavr) 
ovre brov govt] a 6 /xeO a eviropia, el fir) bXiyois riaiv t) Be 
yoapa rroXejiia' kivSvvos ovv ttoXXovs drroXXvaOai, rjv 
d/ieXco<; re Kal dcpvXaKrco<; rropevrjade errl rd eirirr)- 
Beia. dXkd fioi BoKel crvv rrpovofials Xafifidveiv rd 7 
emrrjBeia, aXXcos Be fir) nrXavdadai, ct>9 vtotflcrOe, iifids 
Be rovrcov irrifieXeiaOai. eBo^e ravra. "Ere roivvv 
aKovaare Kal rdBe. errl Xeiav yap vficov eKrropevaov- 8 
rai rives. oiofiai ovv (SeXriov elvai rj/iiv elrrelv rbv 
jieXXovra e^ievai, cppd^eiv Be Kal oiroi, Xva Kal ro ttXtj- 
6o<; elBcofiev rcov e^iovrcov Kal rcov fievovrcov Kal %v/i- 
rrapaaKevd^cofiev edv re Bey, kclv fiorjOrfcrai rial Kai- 
pbs tj, elBco/iev orroi Berjcrei ftorjdeiv, Kal edv Tt? rcov 
drreiporepcov ey^eipfj rroi, %vfi/3ovXevcofiev ireipcofievoi 
elBevai rr)v Bvva/iiv ecft ou? dv icocriv. eBo^e Kal ravra. 
'Evvoeire Se Kal roBe, ecf)r]. o-^oXr) rots rroXe/iiois Xrji- 9 
^ecrOai, Kal BiKaicos rjfiiv eirifiovXevovcriv eypfiev yap 
rd eKeivcov virepKdQrfvrai S' rj/icov. <fivXaKa<; Bi] fioo 
BoKel Beiv rrepl rb crrparorreBov elvai' edv ovv Kara 
fiepos \_jJLepia6evre<f\ <pvXdrrco/iev Kal o-Korrw/iev, rjrrov 
dv Bvvaivro rj/xas $7]pav ol rroXe/iioi. ere roivvv rdBe 
opdre. el fiev i]rno-rd\ieQa cartas, ore y^ei irXola 10 

6 



122 xenophon's Anabasis. 

JL€ipLcro(po<; aycov ikclvcl, ovbev av ebei cov pueXXa) A,e- 
yeiv vvv cT eVel rovro dBjfXov, Bo/ceo jiot rreipacrOai 
irXola crvpurapaaKevd^eiv /cal avrodev. rjv (lev yap 
eXOrj, virapypvTGdv evOdhe ev dcpOovcorepois irXevcrov- 

11 pueOa, edv Be per) ayrj, rots evddBe ^prjcropeOa. bpo) Be 
iyco ifkola iroXXdias irapanrXeovra' el ovv alrrjcrdpievot, 
rrapd Tpairetpvvrlwv pba/cpd ifXola Kardyoipuev seal <pv- 
XdrroLpuev avrd rd irrjBdXia irapaXvopbevoi, ect)? av 
l/cavd rd d^ovra yevrjrai, lgcos av ov/c diroprjaaipLev 

12 KopuiBr)^ o%a<$ BeopueOa. eBo^e /cal ravra. 'Evvorjaare 
B\ e<fir}, el el/chs seal rpefyeiv dirb koivov oD? av tcara- 
ydycopuev, ocrov av %povov rjpbcov eveicev fievcocrc, /cal 
vavXov %vv6ecr6ai, oVcw? axpeXovvre? Kal ay^eXwvrai. 

ISeBofje /cal ravra. Aoicel rolvvv pbOi, efyr), rjv apa koX 
ravra rjpZv pbr) etCTrepaivrjrai ware dptcelv rrXoia, ra$ 
6Bov$, a? Bvo~7r6pov$ d/covopLev elvai, rals irapa QdXar- 
rav ol/covpbivais nroXecriv evreiXacrOai oBoiroielv rrei- 
aovrai yap koX Bid rb (pofietcrdai, koX Bid rb /3ovXeo~6ai 
rjpLcov drraXXayrjvac. 

14 'EvravOa Be dvetcpayov, co? ov Beoi oBoiiropelv. 
6 Be co? eyvco rrrv defrpocrvvrjv avrwv, eire^^io-e pbev 
ovBev, Ta? Be 7roXet? efcovaras eireiaev oBoiroieiv, Xeycov, 
ore S^drrov diraXXd^ovrai,, rjv evrropoi yevcovrao al oBol. 

15 eXafiov Be /cal irevrrjKovrepov rrapd rcov Tpairetpvv- 
rlcov, y eirecrrrjcrav Ae^iirirov Ad/ccova rrepioiKov. ov- 
ros dpLeXr)o-a$ rod tjvXXeyeiv rrXola diroBpas cfyero e£a> 
rod Hovrov e^cov rr)v vavv. ovros pbev ovv BUaia 
eiraOev vcrrepov ev ©paKrj yap irapa ^evOrj rroXv- 
irpaypiovcov n direOavev virb NctcdvBpov rod Adfccovos. 

16eXa/3ov Be /cal rpca/covropov, fj eirearddrj UoXvtcpdrr}? 
'Adrjvalos, o? OTrocra Xafi/3dvoL ifXola /carrjyev errl rb 
G-rparoireBov. teal rd pbev dycoyopba, el ri rjyov, e%at- 
povpuevoL <$>vXaKa<$ Kadlaraaav, O7rco? acoa elr), roi$ Be 

17 ttXolois i')(pr)o~avro els rrapa^cdyrjv, ev a> Be ravra r\v 



BOOK V. CHAP. I. II. 123 

€7rl Xelav i^yecrav ol "EXXrjves, KaX ol fiev eXdfi/3avov 
ol Be KaX ov. KXeatveTOs S' e^ayaycov zeal tov eavrov 
fcal dXXov Xo-^ov Trpbs %copiov ^aXeirbv auros re dire- 

* Save KaX dXXoc iroKkoi tcov avv avTco. 

*EireX Be tcl eTriTijBeia ov/ceri rjv Xa/jb/3dveiv coo~Te 2 
a7rav6T)jJLepi%eiv eirX to arparoirehov, i/c tovtov Xaficov 
p,evo<pcov rjye/iovas tcov Tpaire^ovvrloiv e^dyet eh Api- 
Xa<$ to rjfiicTV tov arparev/jiaro^, to Be ripaav KaTeXtire 

ttt ^jfivXaTTetv to arparoirehov' ol yap KoX^ot, are eKire- 
TrrcoKore^ tcov oIklcov, ttoXXoI rjcrav dOpooi teal virepeKd- 
Orjvro eirX tcov d/epcov. ol Be TpaireCpvvTioi birbOev fiev 2 
tcl eTTLTrjheLa paBiov rjv Xa(3elv ovk rjyov cplXoc yap 
avToh rjaav els tovs ApiXas Be irpoOvficos rjyov, vcf) 
cov /ca/ccos eiracryov, eh ycopia Te bpeivd KaX Bvo~f3aTa 

KaX dvQpCOTTOVS 7roXe{ALKCOTdTOVS tcov ev tco Uovtco. 

^EireX Be rjaav ev Trj dvco yd>pq ol "EXXrjves, birola 3 
tcov ycxspicov Toh ApiXais dXcoaifia elvai eBoKei epLTU- 
nrpdvTes dirfjecrav' teal ovBev rjv Xapufidveiv, el fir) vs r) 
/3ou? rj ciXXo ti kttjvos to irvp Biairecpevyos. ev Be rjv 
^copiov [ir}Tp67roXis avTcov eh tovto irdvTes ^vveppvij- 
Kecrav. irepX Be tovto rjv yapdBpa la^ypcos (BaOela, 
KaX TTpbaoBoi yakeiraX irpbs to ywpiov. ol Be ireXra- 4 
cttoI 7rpo$pafi6vTe<; gtoBlcu irevTe rj e£ tcov ottXltcov, 
BiaftdvTe? Tyv yapdBpav bpcovTes 7rp6/3aTa 7roXXa KaX 
dXXa xprjjjLaTa, irpoaepaXXov Trpbs to %cop[ov %vvel- 
7T0VT0 Be KaX Bopvcpopoc iroXXoX ol eirX to, eiTLTrjBeia 
e^copfjbrjpievoi' coaTe iyevovTO ol BiafBdvTes TrXelovs rj 
eh Blct^lXiovs dvdpcoirovs. eireX Be yuayofxevoi ovk 5 
eBvvavTO Xafiecv to ycopiov, KaX yap Tacppo? rjv irepl 
ai)TO evpela dvaj3e^Xr}fievrj KaX aKoXoires irrX Trjs dva- 
fioXrjs ko\ TvpaeLS irvKvai ^vXivai ireiroirjpievaL, dirie- 
vai Br) eireyeipovv ol Be eireKeiVTO avToh. cos Be ovk 6 
iBvvavTO diroTpe^eiv, rjv yap ecj) evbs r) KaTafBaais e'/c * 
tov ywpiov eh Tr)v yapdBpav, TrefjLTrovGL irpbs aevo- 



124 XENOPHON S :A^JBASIS. 

7 (pcovra, o? rjyeiTO toXs 6tt\ltcu<;. 6 S' eXOtov Xeyei, 
otl earl ywpiov ^prj/jbdrcov iroXXcov [learov tovto ovre 
Xafielv Bvvdfieda' la^vpbv ydp eo~Tiv ovre direXOelv 
paBiov ixdyovTCLi yap eirePeXrjXvOoTe^ Kal rj d(j)oSo$ 

8 ycuXeirr]. dicovcras ravra 6 'Bevocpcov irpocrayaycov irpbs 
ttjv yapdBpav tovs fiev oirXiTas ^ia6ao i/ceXeucre rd 
oirXa, avros Be Bia(Bd$ avv rols Xo%ayol$ iaKoirelro, 
irorepov eli] icpelTTov dirdyecv /cal tovs $taf3e{37]KOTa<; 
ri koX tovs oirXtTas Biaj3if3d£eLV, &)? dXovTOs av tov 

^coptov. iBoKet, yap to fjuev dirdyeiv ovk elvai dvev 
iroXXcov veKpcov, eXelv 8' av coovto tcai ol Xo^ayol to 
ytopiov. Kal 6 Izevocfrcov ^vve^toprjae toZs lepols tti- 
GTevaa^' ol yap \idvTei^ diroBeBeiyfievoi rjaav, oti 

10 fid^rj [lev eaTau, to Be TeXo<; KaXbv tt)s i^oBov. teal 
tol>9 jjiev Xo^ayovs eire/jbire Bca/3L/3dcrovTa<; tovs oirXl- 
ra?, avTos S' e/mevev dvayj^plaa^ airavTa? tov$ ireX- 

11 racrm?, Kal ovBeva eta d/cpoj3oXl^ea6ac. eirel B' rj/cov 
ol oirXlTai, etceXevcre tov Xo%ov etcao-TOV iroir)crai tcov 
Xo%aya)v co? av KpaTicrTa oXrjTau dycovielcrOai* rjaav 
yap ol Xo^ayol irXrjalov dXXrjXcov, ol irdvTG, tov %/)o- 

12 vov dXXtfXoL? irepl dvBpayaOlas avTeiroiovvTO. Kal ol 
fiev TavTa eirolovv 6 he tols ireXTaaTals irdai iraprjy- 
yeXXe BirjyKvXco/jLevov; levai, &>9, oiroTav arjjuLrjvrj, aKov- 
Ti%eiv Ber)aov, Kal tovs To^oTas eiri(3ej3Xi)a6ai eirl rafc 
yevpals, o>9, oiroTav arjjuLrjvrj, To^evetv Ber)aov, Kal tov? 
yvfAvrjTas XlOcov e%etv fieaTa? Ta<$ Bi<fi6epas' Kal tov? 

13 iiriTrjBelov^ eire/jb^e tovtcov iirLjJLeXrjOrjvai,. eirel Be 
irdvTa irapeaKevaaTo Kal ol Xo^ayol Kal ol viroXo^a- 
yol Kal ol d^iovvTes tovtcov firj %elpov<? elvai irdvTe? 
irapaTeTayjJbevoi r)aav, Kal dXkrjXovs jxev Br) tjvvecopcov 

14 lATjvoeiBrjS yap Bid to ywpiov rj Tat;i$ rjv eirel S' eirai- 
dvicrav Kal tj Gcihnriy^ ecp6ey^aT0, d/xa Te tcq 'EvvaXtcp 
rjXdXa^av Kal Weov Bpoptco ol oirXtTat, Kal Ta /3eXrj 
6/xov icf)ipeTO, Xoy^ai, To^evfiaTa, afyevBovai, irXelaTOt 



BOOK V. CHAP. II. 125 

£' ifc tS)V yeipoiv X1601, rjcrav Be ol Kal rrvp rrpocre- 
<pepov. virb Be rov ttXijOovs rwv (3eXS)v hXiirov ol 15 

TToXeiAlOL TOL T6 CTTavpCO/JLClTCl KOi T<2? TVpCTet^' COCTT6 

^Ayacrlas ^TVjxcj)aXio<; Kal QiXo^evos TleXXi\vevs Kara- 
Oejxevoi rd oiiXa ev yj,r(hvi /xovov dvefirjcrav, Kal dXXo? 
dXXov el\/ce, teal aXXos dvaf3e/37]Kei, Kal ijXaiKeu to 
ywp'iov, w? iSofcei. Kal ol fiev rreXraaral Kal ol tyikol 16 
elaBpap,6vres rjpira^ov 6,ti e/cacrTO? iBvvaro • 6 Be ttevo- 
(pcov crrds Kara ra? ttvKcls 6tt6o~ov$ iBvvaro /careKcoXve 
rwv* ottXit&v e%co • rroXefiioi yap dXXot, ecpaivovro eir 
aicpois riarv lo")(ypoLS. ov 7roXXov Be ypovov pbera^v 17 
yevofievov Kpavyrj re iylyvero evBov Kal e<pevyov ol jjuev 
Kal eyovres a eXafiov, rdya Be rt? teal rerpcofievo^' teal 
7ToA,i)? rjv coOicr/jibs dfMJn rd Qvperpa. /cal ipcortio/ievoc 
ol efCTTLTTTOvre^ eXeyov, ore ci/cpa re eartv evBov tcai 
ol iroXepLLoi ttoXXoi, ot rraiovcriv e/cBeBpa/u,7] /cores rovs 
evBov dv0pco7rovs. evravOa avearelv e/ceXevcre ToXp,c- 18 
Brjv rov icr)pvica levai etcrco . rov (SovXojJuevov to Xa/JL- 
(Bdveiv, Kal Xevro rro~XXol elcrco, Kal vik&cti tovs 
eKiruKrovras ol elacoOovfievoo Kal KaraKkeiovcri rovs 
Tro\e[jLiov<; rraXtv eh n)v aKpav. Kal rd puev e^co rfjs 19 
aKpas rrdvra Bir\pirdo-Qr\ Kal e<~eKO filer avro ol "EXXr)- 
ves ' ol Be oirXlrao eOevro rd oirXa, ol /j,ev rrepl rd 
aravpcofMara, ol Be Kara rr\v oBov ttjv iiri ttjv aKpav 
(frepovcrav. 6 Be gevocficbv Kal ol Xoyayol iaKoirovv, 20 
el olov re ecrj rrjv aKpav XafieZv rjv yap ovtcds ctcott]- 
pia dac^aX^, dXXcos Be rrdvv yaXeirbv iBoKec elvac 
drreXOelv o-Koirov/bLevoLS Be avrols eBo^e iravrdrracriv 
dvdXwrov elvai rb ywpiov. evravOa rrapeaKevd^ovro 21 
rrjv d(poBov, Kal roi)<; fiev crravpovs eKaaroi rov<; Ka6* 
avrovs Biypovv, Kal tov<? dypelovs Kal (poprta eyovras 
e^eirepmovro Kal rwv ottXctcov to irXrjdos, KaraXiirbv- 
Te? ol Xoyayol ol? eKaaroi eiTLarevev. errel Be rjp^avro 22 
a7T0)(copelv, eire^edeov evBoOev 7roX\ol yeppa Kal Xoy%a<; 



126 XENOPHON's ' ANABASIS. ' 

€%ovt€$ /cal Kvr)[uha<$ fcal Kpdvrj JJacpXayoviKa, /cat 
dXXoo errl ra? oiKias dvefiaivov to? evQev Kal evdev 

23 rr}<; eh rr)v a/cpav cpepovcrrjs ohov • coo-re ovhe hicoKeiv 
dcrcpaXes rjv Kara ra? irvXas to.? eh rrjv axpav cpepov- 
cra?. Kal yap £vXa [xeydXa eireppircrovv dvcoQev, cocrre 
yaXeirbv rjv Kal jnevecv Kal dirievai, Kal r) vv% <po/3epd 

2ir)v eiriovcra. iiayopuevcov he avrcov Kal diropovpuevcov 
Qecov t*9 avroh pnqyavrrv cTcorr\pia^ hlhcocnv. e^aTrlvrj^ 
yap dveXapLijrev olkla rcov ev he^ia orov hrj evd-tyavros. 
co? S' avTT) ^vveTTLTTTev, ecj>evyov ol dirb rcov ev Setjia 

25 oIkicov. cbs Be epbaOev 6 Uevocpcbv tovto irapd rrjs 
tv")(7]^, evdrrreiv e/ceXeve koi ra? ev dpicrrepa ol/ctas, 
at ^vXivai rjcrav, cocrre Kal ra%v e/cacovro. e<fievyov 

26 ovv Kal ol dirb rovrcov rcov ol/cicov. ol he Kara rb 
aropia hr) en fiovoi eXvirovv /cal hrjXot, r)aav ore em- 
Keicrovrai ev rfj ej-ohco re Kal Karaj3ao~ei. evravOa 
irapayyeXkei cpepeiv %vXa oaoi ervyyavov e£co ovres 
rcov fieXcov eh rb pueaov eavrcov Kal rcov iroXepLLcov. 
eirel he iKava rjhr) rjv, evrytyav evrprrov he Kal rd<; 
irap avrb rb yapciKcopua olKias, oVco? ol iroXepaoi apicpl 

27 ravra eypiev. ovrco fioXcs dirr)X6ov dirb rod ycoplov, 
7rvp ev p>ecrcp eavrcov koX rcov iroXejxicov iroirjcrdpievoi. 
Kal KareKavQr] irdcra r) ttoXis Kal al olKLai Kal at 
rvpcreLS Kal rd erravpeopiara koi raXXa rrdvra rrXr)v 
rr)<$ aKpas. 

28 Tfj he vtrrepaiq dirrjeaav ol "EXXrjves eypvres rd 
einrrjheia. irrel he rr)v Kardfiacriv icpofiovvro rr)v eh 
Tpaire^ovvra, rrpavr)^ yap r)v Kal crrevf], tyevhevehpav 

29 eiroirjcravro • Kal dvrjp Mvcrbs rb yevos Kal rovvofia 
tovto eywv rcov Kpyrcov Xa/3cov heKa epuevev ev Xacrico 
ycoplcp Kal irpGaeiroielro rov<; rroXepLiov? rreipdaQai 
XavOdveuv al he ireXrai avrcov dXXore Kal aXXore 

30 hiecpalvovro yakKai ovcrai. ol puev ovv iroXepLioi ravra 
hiopcovres icpo/3ovvro &>? ivehpav ovcrav r) he arpand 



BOOK V. CHAP. H.' — III. 127 

ev rovrco KarefBacvev. eirel Be eBoKet rjBr) licavbv vire- 
\ij\v6evai, rco Mvcrq) iarjfATjve cpevyecv dvd Kpdros' 
Kal o? e^avaaras cfrevyec Kal ol o~vv avrco. Kal ol fiev3] 
ahXoc Kprjres, dkcaKeaOac yap ecpacrav tg3 'Bpofxco, 
iKirecrovres Ik rr\s oBov els vkrjv Kara rds vdrras kvXcv- 
Bov/jcevoc ecrcoOrjcrav, 6 Mvabs Be Kara rr)v 6Bbv (pevycov 
ejBoa j3orj6ecv • Kal efiorjOrjcrav avrco, Kal dve\a/3ov 32 
rerpco/jcevov Kal avrol eirl iroBa dveycopovv fiaXko- 
/Jbevoi ol ftorjdtfcravres Kal dvrcro^evovres rives rcov 
Kprjrcov. ovrcos dcpUovro eirl rb crrparoireBov irdvres 
crcoo c ovres. 

'Eirel Be ovre Xeipicrocf>os rjKev ovre ifXola Uavd 3 
rjv ovre ra errcr^Beca rjv Xa/jcfidvecv ere, eBoKec dircreov 
elvac. Kal eh fiev ra ifkola rovs re daOevovvras eve- 
/3i{3acrav Kal rovs virep rerrapaKovra err) Kal rralBas 
Kal yvvacKas Kal rcov CKevcov oaa fir) dvdyKT) r)v e%ecv • 
Kal $ikr)o~Lov Kal ^ocpalverov rovs rrpecrftvrdrovs rcov 
errparr)<ycbv elo-/3ij3do~avres rovrcov eKekevov eTUfjeekeZ- 
o~6ac ' ol Be aXkoi eiropevovro • r) Be 6Bbs coBoiroirnJuevrj 
rjv. Kal dcpCKVovvrat iropevo/xevoc eh Kepaaovvra rpi- 2 
racoc, rrokcv *EXkr)vcBa eVl Qakdrry, Xivcorrecov diroi- 
kov, ev rfj Kok^lBc %copa. evravda epueivav r)fiepas ?> 
BeKa' Kal e^er acres ev rocs oirkocs eycyvero Kal dpc- 
O/jlos, Kal eyevovro oKraKccrylkcoi Kal e^aKocrioi. ovroi 
icrcoOrjaav eK rcov d/icpl rovs fivpcovs' ol Be ciXkoc 
dircokovro vrrb re rcov Trokejiicov Kal ^covos Kal el res 
vbcrco. 

^Evravda Kal Bcdkafi/3dvovcrc rb drrb rcov alyjxa- 4 
\corcov dpyvpcov yevofievov. Kal rr)v BeKarrjv, r)v tc3 
'AiroKkcovc etjeckov Kal rfj ^E<pecrla ^ AprefJbcBi, Bcekafiov 
ol arparrjyol rb fcepos eKacrros cpvkdrrecv rocs &eocs* 
dvrl Be Xecpccrocpov Necov 6 'Acrcvacos eka/3e. aevo- 5 
epebv ovv rb fjuev rod ^AttoWcovos dvdOrjixa irocrjadjjbevos 
dvarldrjcrcv els rbv ev AeXcpols rcov '' AOrjvaccov Srjaavpbv 



128 xenophon's- anabasis. 

teal eireypa^e to re avTOV ovojjlcl ical to IIpoi~evov, 

6 o? ctvv KXedp^co direQave • f t'z>o? yap r t v avTOV. to Se 
tt}<; 'ApTepLtSos TTfi 'JS^ecr/a?, OTe dirrjeu crvv AjT]Gt- 
Xdco etc t?}? ^Acrias ttjv eh Boicotovs bSbv, icaTaXeLirei 
irapa Meya/3v£cp tco t?)? : ApTepuiSos veco/cbpco, oti av- 
T09 KivSwevacov iSb/cei levac, /cal eireaTeCXev, r\v fxev 
clvtos crcoOy, avTw diroSovvac el Se to Trddoc, dvaOei- 
vai 7TOL7]ad/jLevov T7J ''ApTepaSi o } to oloiTO yapielo-Qai 

7 Ty S-eco. eirel S' efyevyev 6 zievocpcov, koltoikqvvtos 7]Stj 
avTOV ev X/clXXovvtl virb tcov Aa/ceSaipuOvicov ol/cc- 
aOevTi irapa ttjv 'OXv/nirlav dcpi/cvetTac Meydfiv^os eh 

OXvpurtav 3-ecoprjcrcov, /cal diroSlSo^ac ttjv irapa/caTa- 
6r)K7)v avTG>, aevocfrcov Se Xaj3cov ycopiov covelTai Ty 
rj-ew 07rov aveiXev o rcfeo?. eTV%e oe oia puecrov pecov 
tov 'xjcopiov TTOTapLos ^eXcvovs. /cal ev ^Ecpeaco Se irapa 
tov t?}? 'ApTe/jLiSos vecov XeXivovs iroTapubs irapappel, 
/cal l^Oves he ev dpucpoTepocs eveicn /cal Koyyai* ev Se 
to) ev XkiXXovvtl yxopico /cal ^rjpai irdvTcov birbcra 

9 eo~Tiv dypevbpueva Qrjpla. eiroiyae Se /cal /3co{ibv /cal 
vabv dirb tov lepov dpyvpiov, ical to Xoarbv Se del 
Se/caTevcov tcl etc tov dypov copala S^vatav eiroleu Ty 
3-eco, /cal irdvTes ol iroXtTai, /cal ol irpbcrywpoi dvSpes 
ical yvval/ces pueTelyov t?}? eopTr)?. irapel^e Se r\ $eo? 
toIs <t/c7)vov<jlv aXcpLTa, cipTOvs, olvov, Tpayrj[xaTa } /cal 
tcov S-vo/jievcov dirb ttj^ iepa<; vopui)^ \d%os, /cal tcov Qtj- 

10 pevofievcov Se. /cal yap ^rjpav Iitolovvto eh ttjv eopTrjv 
ol Te &evocf)oovTos iralSes /cal ol tcov aXXcov ttoXitcov, 
ol Se fiovXbpbevoi, /cal avSpes %we6r)pcov ■ ical rjXia/ceTQ 
to, /iev e£ avTOV tov lepov y&pov, tcl Se /cal e/c ti)? 

11 <J>oXbr]s, crves /cal Sop/cdSes /cal eXacpoL. eo~Ti Se r] j((opa 
y e/c Aa/ceSaLjJiovos eh " > OXv\x r Kiav iropevovTau cbs ec/cocrc 
GTaSioi dirb tov ev 'OXv/jLTrta Alo<$ lepov. evi 8' ev tcq 
lepco %copcp /cal aXcry ical oprj SevSpcov [xeaTa, l/cavd /cal 
crO? /cal alya<$ /cal /3ou9 Tpecpetv /cal linrovs, cocrTe /cal 



BOOK V. CHAP. III. IV. 129 

ra rcov eh rrjv eopryv Iovtoov viro^vyia evcoyelaOat. 
irepl he avrbv rbv vabv a Aero? rjpLepcov hevhpcov icf)v- 12 
T£vO)] oca earl rpcofcra aipala. 6 he vabs go? puicpos 
fieydXco tw ev Ecpecrco elKaarai, teal to %6avov eoitcev 
ft)? KvirapLTTtvov ypvaS ovti tw ev 'Ecfrecrcp. teal cttijXt] 13 
e<TT7]fce irapa rbv vabv ypafi/xara eyovaa' 1EPOX O 
XflPOZ THZ APTEMIAOZ. TON AE EXON- 
TA KAI KAPnOTMENON THN MEN AEKA- 
THN KATAGTEIN EKAXTOT ETOTX. EK 
AE TOT UEPITTOT TON NAON EIUXKET- 
AZEIN. AN AE TIX MH IIOIHI TATTA 
THI OEM MEAHZEI. 

'Etc KepaaovvTos he Kara BciXarrav fiev etcofit- 4 
Xpvto oiirep koX nrpoaOev, ol. he aXXoc Kara yyv eiro- 
pevovro. eirel he r\aav eirl rots MoacrvvoLKcov opioid, 2 
TrepnTovaiv eh avrovs TipnqciQeov rbv Tpaire'CpvvTiov 
irpo^evov ovra rcov Moo~o~vvol/ccdv, epcorcovres, nrorepov 
w? hid <^L\ta<$ r] co? hid- 7roXejjLia<i iropevGovrai rr}? %oo- 
pas. ol he elirov, OTi ov hirjeroiev eiriaTevov jap Tot? 
ywploi 1 ^. evrevOev Xeyei 6 TipLrjcriQeos, ore iroXepnoi 3 
elcnv avrols ol etc tov eiretcewa. teal ehotcei tcaXeaai 
etceivovs, el /3ovXoiVTo ^vpL/xaylav Tronjcracrdai' teal 
7re/jL<fi0el<; 6 TipLrjacOeos fjtcev aycov tov? apyovras. 
eirel he a(f)ltcovTO, o-vvrjkQov ol re rcov MoccrvvoLtccov 4 
apyovres koX ol arpar^yol rcov ' EXXijvcov /cal eXeye 
fiev 'Bevo^cbv, rjppajveve he TifLr]cri6eo<$' ? /2 dvhpes 5 
MocrcrvvoiKot, rjjubeos (3ovX6fie6a hiacrojdf]vai TTyoo? Ti]V 
*EXXdha ire^fj • irXola yap ovtc eyofiev • tcooXvovcn he 
ovtol 7]jJLa^ y ou? atcovofiev vplv iroXefiiov^ elvac. el ovv 
fiovXeaOe, e^earcv vplv 5?//.a? Xafieiv ^vfXfxdyov^ teal 
TificopTjaacrOai, el tl ttgottoO* £/m? ovtol r)hi/C7]crav, teal 
to Xolttov v/jlcov v7T7]k6ov<; elvai tovtovs. el he rj/ias 7 
acf)?]o-eTe, crfceyjraaOe, irbQev avOts av TocravTijv hvvap.iv 
XdjBoiTe fjvfifia'xpv. 7rpo? TavTa anretcpivaTO 6 apywv 8 

6* 



130 XENOPHON S ANABASIS. 

ro)v MocrtTvvolfccov, ore ical [BovXoivto tclvtcl ical Be- 

9 yoivro rrjv ^vyb^iayiav. "Ayere Bij, ecprj 6 aevocpcov, 
rl r}fJL(bv EerjcreaOe yjiiqaaaQai, dv £vpup,ayoi vjjlcjv ye- 
vodjJLeOa, ical v/meis rl dloi re ecrecrOe 7]fuv ^v/jLTr.pd^ac 

10 wepl t?}? BloBov ; ol Be earov, otl licavoi ia/JLev eh rrjv 
yj£>pav elcrjSdXXeiv etc tov eVl Qdrepa rrjv tcov vjjllv re 
ical TjfjLtv TToXefilcov, /cal Bevpo vfilv irejju-^rai vavs re ical 
avBpas, oiTive^ vpXv ^vpu\iayovvTai re ical rrjv 6Bov 

T)<yY)(TOVTai. 

11 'EttI tovtois iricrTa BovTes ical Xa(S6vTe$ w^ovto. 
/cal rjtcov rfj vcFrepala ayovres Tpiatco<jia irXola /novo- 
%vXa /cal ev e/edcrrq) rpels avBpas, &v ol fjuev Bvo e/c/3dv- 

12 T€? et? Ta^iv euevro ra oirXa, o be et? epueve. /cat ol 
fjuev \af36vres to, ifkola dnrkifXevaav, ol Be [levovres 
e^erd^avro wBe. eo~T7]o~av dva e/carbv fidXtcrra olov 
%opol dvTicnoiyovvTes dXXtfXots, e^ovres yeppa Trdvres 
Xev/ccov f3oa)V Bacrea, el/cacrfieva kittov TrerdXco, ev Be 
rrj Be^ia ttoXtov go? e^dirrj^v, efiirpoorOev fiev Xoyxyv 

13 eypv, oiTLcrOev Be avTov rod tjvXov o-<baipoeiBe<$. X CTQ) ~ 
vlcr/covs Be eveBeBv/ceaav virep yovdrcov, irdyo? &>? Xivov 
crrpco/jbaroBecr/JLov, eirl rfj KefpaXfj Be /cpavrj cr/cvTiva ol- 
airep rd IlacpXayovc/cd, /cpcoftvXov eypvra Kara fieo-ov, 
iyyvrara riapoeiBr}' elyov Be /cal craydpeis criBjjpas. 

14 evrevOev e^fipye yuev avTwv el?, ol Be aXXoi irdvTe? 
eiropevovTO aBovres ev pvOjjuw, ical BueXOovres Bed rcov 
rd^ecov /cal Bid tcov ottXqov tcov 'EXXijvcov eiropevovTO 
ev9v$ nrpo? rovs iroXefxiovs eirl ywpiov, b eBo/cei eiri- 

15 /xa^dyrarov elvai. cpKelro Be tovto irpo ttj? jroXecos ttj? 
[i7]rpoir6Xew^ /caXovfjbevrjs avTois ical eyov(n)<$ to d/cpo- 
rarov twv Mocrcrvvoi/ccDV. /cal irepl tovtov 6 TroXefio^ 
tjv ol yap del tout e^ovre^ eBo/covv ey/cparecs elvat, 
/cal irdvTcov Moo-avvol/ccov, ical ecfiacrav tovtov? ov 
Bc/caico? ^X ei,v T °v T0 > dXXd koivov ov /caTaXaj36vTa<; 

16 irXeove/cTeZv. eXirovTQ S' avTois ical twv 'EXXrjvow 



1 



BOOK V. CHAP. IV. 131 

rives, ov Ta%6ivTe<z virb tcov crTpaTrjycov, aXXa dpira- 
77)9 eveicev. ol Be iroXepLLOL irpocuovTCov Teca? fxev rjav- 
ya'Cpv eirel 8' iyyvs eyevovTO tov %copiov, eKBpa/xovTes 
Tpeirovrau avrovs, teal dnreKTeivav crv)(yov$ tcov /3ap- 
(Sdpcov Kal tcov %vvava/3dvTcov * EXKtjvcov Ttvds, kcu 
eBLcoKov p<eyjpL ov elBov tovs "EWrjvas florjdovvTas* 
elra Be diroTpairoixevoL coyovTO, kcu aTrorefAovres ra<$ 17 
KecpaXa? tcov vetcptov iTreBeiKWcrav tois re "EWtjctl 
Kal Tot? eavTcov 7ro\6/xtot9, Kal dfia e%6pevov vofico tlvI 
aSovres. ol Be "EWrjves [icCka rj^Oovro, on rovs re 18 
7roXeyu,iou? eir67roLY}iceaav S-paavrepovs Kal ore ol e'£e\- 
dovres "EXXrjves crvv avTols eTrecpevyecrav fxaXa ovres 
crvyyoi' ovitco irpbcrQev eireTT0L7]Kecrav ev rfj arpa- 
reia. zevocpcov Be %vy/ca\eo~a<z tov? ( 'EXkr)va<; elirev, 19 
"AvBpes crrpaTLCoraL, firjBev d0VfjLrjcTr}Te' eveica tcov ye- 
yev7]/jLevcov • tcrre yap otl kcu dyaObv ov fielov tov 
kclkov yeyevrjTcu. irpcoTov fiev yap eTTLCTTaaOe, otl ol 20 
fjie\XovTe<; rjjJLiv rjyetcrOai tcq ovtl iroXepaol elaiv olenrep 
koX rjfjias avayKT}' eireiTa Be Kal tcov *EXkrjVcov ol 
acppovTLCTTrjcravTes ttjs i;vv i]jmv Tci^eco^ Kai iKavol yyrj- 
adfievoL elvai %vv toIs j3ap{3dpots TavTa TrpciTTeiv direp 
crvv rjjMv Blktjv BeBcoKacrLV coaTe avQis t)ttov tt\<$ y/^e- 
Tepas Ta^ecos diroXetyovTat. dXk! v/jlcls Bel irapa- 21 
cTKevd^eaOac, ottcos Kal Tot9 cpl\ot<; overt tcov fiapftdpeov 
Bo^eTe KpeiTTovs avrcbv elvai Kal T0Z9 Tro\epbtoi^ Brfkco- 
creTe, otl ov% ofioioL? dvBpdcrL fia^ovvTau vvv Te kcu 
OTe T0Z9 aTaKTOL? e\xdyovTO. 

TavTTjv fiev ovv ttjv rj/xepav ovtcos eyuetvav tj} S'22 
vcTTepaiq, QvcravTes, eirel eKaWLepijcravTO, dpLo-Tijcrav- 
T69, opdiovs tov<$ Xo^ou9 7roL7]ad/jievoL, Kal tou9 fiap- 
fidpow; eirl to evcovvpuov KaTa TavTa Ta^ajxevoL eiro- 
pevovTO tou9 TO^OTas p,eTatv tcov \6\cov bpOicov ovtcov 
eypvTe^i inro\eL7rofievov^ Be jXLKpbv tov crTOfAaTos tcov 
ottXltcov. 7]crav yap tcov iroXepblcov ol ev^covoi KaTa- 23 



132 xenophon's anabasis. 

rpe^ovres tols XiOois e/SaXXov. tovtovs ovv avecrreX^ 
Xov ol to^otcli teal ol TreXrao-ral. ol S' aXXot, fidBrjv 
eiropevovro irpcorov puev iirl to %copiov, acj) ov rfj irpo- 
repaiq ol j3dp/3apoi, irpecpOrjcrav teal ol %vv avrols* 

24 ivravda yap ol iroXepbiou rjcrav dvTcreray/jLevot. rou? 
liev ovv 7re\racrTa<; iBe^avro ol (BdpjBapou teal ip,d- 
yovTO, iireiBi] Be iyyv<$ rjcrav ol OTrXlrai, . irpdirovro. 
teal ol jjuev ireXTacrral evdvs eiirovro Bccbteovres dvco 
7T/30? tt)v pirjTpoTTo'XiVy ol Be oirXlrai iv rd^eo eiirovro . 

25 iirel Be dvco rjcrav irpos rals rr)$ p,r]Tp07r6XeG)<$ olteiais, 
ivravda Brj ol rroXepaoi ojjlov Br) rrdvre^ yevofievoi ipud- 
yovro teal i^rj/eovri^ov to2$ iraXrols, teal aXXa Bo para 
e^ovres rrayea fiatepd, ocra dvrjp dv (pepoc fioXis, rov- 

26 Tot? iireipcovro dfivvecrOao eie ^eipo^. iirel Be ov% 
ixplevro ol r/ EXX7]ve<;, dXX 1 ojxocre iywpovv, eepvyov ol 
fidpfiapoi teal ivrevdev diravres Xarovres to yapiov. 
6 Be (BacriXevs avrcov 6 iv rS fiGcrcrvvi, rep eV dtepov 
a>fcoSojjL7]fiiv(p, ov rpecjyovcn rrdvre^ teoLvf) avrov fievovra 
teal ^vXdrrovcnv, ovte rjOeXev i^eXOelv, ovSe ol iv rco 
irporepov alpeQevri ywpicp, aXhl avrav crvv Tot? /uocr- 

27 crvvois tearefcavBrjcrav. ol Be "EXXrjves B tapir d^ovres 
rd yj&pia evpicrieov Qrjcravpovs iv rats olteiais dprcov 
vevrjfieveov rrarpiovs, C09 ecjyacrav ol MocrcrvvoL/eot,, rbv 
Be viov ctltov %vv rfj teaXdfirj diroteelfievov rjcrav Be 

28 ^etal al irXelcrrai. teal BeXcftivcov repud^r] iv dp,(f)o- 
pevcriv evpLcrteero rerapt^evfieva teal crreap iv revyecri 
rcov BeXffiivcDV, co i^poovro ol Mocravvocteoo teaOdirep ol 
e 'EXXr]ves r<2 iXalcp' tedpva Be iirl rcov dvcoyatcov r)v 
iroXXd rd irXarea, ovte eypvra Bia§vr)v ovBepbiav. 

29 rovTcp teal rrXelarcp crircp i^pcovro etyovres teal dprovs 
oirrwvre^. olvo? Be evptcrteero, 0? ate par 0$ fiev 6%m 
ifyaivero elvai virb rr)<; avcrrrjporrjro^, teepacrOels Be 
€vccBr)<; re teal r)Sv<?. 

30 Ol [xev Br) "EXXr)ves dpio-TrjcravTes ivravOa eVo- 



BOOK V. CHAP. IY. V. 133 

pevovTo eh to irpocrco, irapaBovTes to ywpiov Toh %v/jl-< 
jjLCL)(ijo-ao~i, Tcbv MoaavvoLK(ov. oiroaa Be Kal aXXa 
irapyeaav ywpia tcov %vv Toh iroXepbLOi^ ovtcdv, tcl 
ei/TrpoaoScorara ol fiev eXearov, ol Be e/covres Trpoaeyoy- 
povv. ra Be irXelcrTa TOidBe r)v tcov ywpiwv. dnrelyov'ZX 
al iroXeLS air dXXtfXoov o~TaBia oyBorjKOVTa, al Be 
TrXelov al Be jxelov • dva/3od>VTcov Be dXXrjXcoi ^vvtjkovov 
eh tt)v erepav etc t?}? erepas TroXew outco? v^rjXr) re 
Kal kolXtj r) yozpa rjv. eirel Be Tropevofievoi ev toZ? (pi- 32 
Xoc$ r)aav, eireBeiKWcrav avToh iraZhas tcov evBaifiovcov 
aiTevTOvs, reOpa/jL/jievovs Kapvois i(pdoh, diraXovs icai 
XevKovs acpoBpa Kal ov iroXXov Beovras Icrovs to /urjfcos 
Kal to ttXclto? elvao, ttolkiXovs Be tcl va)Ta Kal to, epb- 
irpoaQev irdvTa eGTiypLevovs dvOepaa. eQqTOW Be Kal 33 
rat? eTaipais ah r)yov ol "EXXrjves ificpavcos %vyyi- 
yveaOai' vo/jlo$ yap r)v ouro? o~(f)icn. XevKol Be iravTes 
ol avBpes Kal al yvvalKe<=;. tovtovs eXeyov ol crTpa- 34 
Tevad/xevoi, j3ap{3apcQTaTov<$ BieXdeiv Kal irXelcrTov tcov 
'EXXtjvlkcov vo/xcdv Keycap lajievov^. ev re yap o'xXcp 
ouTes eiroiovv airep av avOpooirou ev epr\yLia 7roL7]crecav, 
aXXcos Be ovk av ToXpuwev, fiovoi re 6We? o/xoia eirpaT- 
tov direp av fieT aXXcov 6We?, BieXeyovTo re eavToh 
Kal iyeXcov i<j> eavTcov Kal oopyovvTO i(pcaTd/j,evoc oirov 
Tvyoiev cocrirep aXXoc? eiriBeiKVvpuevoi. 

Aid TavTrjs Trjs %wpa? ol "EXXrjves, Bid re t?}? 5 
iroXepbia^ Kal t?}? (pLXias, eiropevOrjaav oktco aTaOfiovs, 
Kal dcpLKVovvTac eh XdXvfias. ovtol bXlyoi rjcrav Kal 
VTrrjKOOi tcov MocravvoLKcov, Kal 6 /3/o? rjv tols irXei- 
<7T0t? avTcov dirb cnBrjp e/a?* evTevOev d<fiiKvovvTai, eh 
TijBaprjvovs. r) Be tcov Ti(3aprjvcov yoopa ttoXv rjv 2 
jreBtvcoTepa Kal vcopia el^ev iirl SaXaTTrj tjttov ipv- 
fivd. Kal ol crTpaTTjyol e^prj^ov 7rpo? ra ywpia irpoa- 
./3dXXeiv Kal ttjv aTpaTcav ovr\Qr\vai tl, Kal to, ^evca, 
a r)K€ irapa Tifiaprjvcov, ovk iBe^ovTO, dXX* eirtfielvaL 






134: XENOPHON ; S ANABASIS. 

3 KeXevcravTes, ecrre fiovXevcraLVTo, eOvovTO. Kal 7roXXa\ 
KaraOvadvrcov TeXos direBel^avTO ol [JLavreis irdvTes 
yvcojjLTjv, otl ovSajxy TrpoaloLVTO ol $eol tov iroXefJuov. 
evTevQev 8r) tcl %ivia iBe^avro, Kal &>9 Sta ^)t\ta? tto- 
pevo/nevoc 8vo rj/xepas afyltcovro eh KoTveopa, ttoXlv 
'EXXrjviha, ^Lvcoirecov diroiKovs, ovras 8' ev rfj Ttftapr)- 
vcov %copa. 

4 Me%pL evTdvOa eire^evcrev tj arparcd. irXrjOos rr)? 
Kara/3daeco<i rfjs 68ov diro tt)<$ ev 3a[3vXcovL y^£%?7? 
ci^pL eh Korvcopa crTaOfzol etcarbv et/cocrc 8vo, irapa- 
crdyyau e^aKoaioc Kal ec/cocrc, ardScoo fxvpLOL /ecu oktcl- 
KiGyfrkioi teal e^ctKOCTioL, yj)bvov ttXtjOos oktco /jLrjves. 

5 evravda ejjueivav rjfAepas rerrapaKovra irevre. ev 8e 
TavTCtLs irpcorov fiev Toh 3-eoh eOvcrav, teal irofjLTrds 
€7roi7]crav Kara eOvos e/cacrroi tcov 'EXXtfvcov Kal dyco- 

6 va$ <yvp,vifcov<;. tcl S' eirirrjheia eXdpi(3avov tcl fiev etc 
ttj<; UacpXayovias, tcl S' etc tcov ^coplcov rcov KoTveopL- 
tcov ov yap irapelyov dyopdv ov8' eh to Tel^o? tovs 
acrOevovvras iSe^ovro. 

7 'Ev tovtcq epxpvrai eic Xlvcotttjs 7rpecr/3et?, cpoftov- 
fjbevoL irepl tcov KoTveopcrcov tt}<; re 7roXeco<;, r)V yap 
etceivcov Kal cpopov e/celvoLS ecpepov, teal irepl tt}? ^copa?, 
otl r)Kovov 8r)ovfiev7jv. Kal eX06vTe$ eh to GTparo- 
ire8ov eXeyov izpoiqyopeL 8e 'EfcaTcovv/uios SeLvbs vo/u- 

8 ^ofievos elvaL XeyeLv "Eirefi-tyev rffids, co av8pe<; crTpa- 
TLcoTaL, r\ tcov ^Lvcoirecov tto/U? eiraiveaovTa^ re vfias, 
otl vLKCLTe f/ EXXijve^ 6We? (3ap(3dpov$, eireiTa 8e Kal 
%vvr]cr6r)crofJLe'vovs ) otl Sod 7roXXcov re Kal SeLvcov, co? 
rjfjbeh aKovofiev, irpayfiaTcov creacocrfJuevoL irdpecrTe. 

9 d^LovjJiev 8e e/ EXXrjve<; ovt€<$ Kal avrol vcf vjjlcov ovtcov 
K EXkrjvcov dyadbv fiev tl irdcryeLv, KaKov he fxrjhev* 
ovhe yap rjfjueh v/jlccs ovBev nrcoiroTe V7rrjp^a^ev KaKco? 

10 TTOLovvTe?. KoTveopLTaL Be ovtol elcrl fjuev rj/ieTepoi 
cvrroiKOL, Kal ttjv yozpav rjfieh avToh TavTTjv 7rapa8e8co- 



BOOK V. CHAP. V. 135 

/cafiev /3ap/3dpov$ dcpe\6/ievoi' Bib /cal Baapubv rjfuv 
cftepovcriv ovroi reray/xevov /cal Kepaaovvnoi ical Tpa- 
rretpvvnoi oxjclvtw cocrre 6, ri av tovtovs /ca/cbv 
iroirjcrrfre i) Xivcoirecov rroXi^ vo\xi%ei rrdoryeiv. vvv Sell 
d/covopiev vfid<; eh re rr)v rroXiv /31a irapeXrfXvOora^ 
evlovs cr/crjvovv ev rah ol/ciai<; /cal e/c rcov ycopicov fiiq 
XapbfSdveiv cov av Berjcrde ov rreiOovra^. ravr ovv ovk 12 
d^LOv/jbev el Be ravra iroirjaere, dvdy/cr) rjfMtv ical Ko- 
pvXav /cal Hacf>Xay6va<; koX aXXov ovriva av BvvcofieOa 
cpiXov iroielaOai. 

Upbs ravra dvaards &evocpcov vrrep itov crrparico- 13 
rcov elrrev, 'H^eh Be, co avSpes Xivcoireh, rj/cofjuev dya- 
rrcovre^ on rd crcofiara Bieo~cocrd\JLeQa koX rd oirXa' 
ov yap r)v Bvvarbv djia re ^pij/iara dyeiv teal cpepeiv 
/cal roh iroXefiiois \xdyecrdai. ical vvv eirel eh rd<$ 14 
'EXXrjviBas rroXei? rfkOo/JLev, ev Tpaire'Cpvvri fiev, ira- 
pei^ov yap rj/uuiv dyopdv, covovfievoi elyo\xev rd eirirr)- 
Beia, koX dvQ^ cov erlfjurjorav tj/jlcl^ teal i;evia eSco/cav rfj 
arparia, avrerificopiev avrovs, Ka\ el Tt? avroh cplXos 
tjv rcov fiapfidpeov, rovrcov drreiyopbeQa' tou? Be rroXe- 
/Lt/of? avrcov, e'<£' ou? avrol rjyoivro, /ea/cco? eiroiovfiev 
oaov eBvvdfjieda. epcorare Be avrovs oitolcov rivcov 15 
r)jjLwv ervypv rrdpeicri yap evOdBe ou? rj/iiv yye/jiovas 
Bid cpiXlav r) 7r6/U? ^vverrejj.'^rev. orroi 8' av eX6bvre^\Q 
dyopdv fjbi) e^co/iev, av re eh ftdpfiapov yrjv av re eh 
'EXXrjviBa, ov^ vfipei dXXa dvdy/cr) Xapb(Bdvo[xev rd 
eiririjBeia. teal KapBov^ov^ /cal Taoyovs /cal XaX- 17 
Balovs /cairrep fiacrikecos ov^ virrj/coovs ovras o/jlco<$ kcu 
fzdXa (pofiepovs ovras iroXepLiovi e/crr)o~d/jLe6a Bid rb 
dvdy/crjv elvai Xafi(3dveiv rd errirr]Beia, errel dyopdv ov 
rrapel^ov. Md/cpcova? Be /caiirep flapfidpov? ovras, 18 
eVel dyopdv oXav eBvvavro rrapelyov, (piXovs re evofii- 
tyfiev elvai /cal (Sla ovBev eXapb^dvofiev rcov e/ceivcov. 
Korvcoplras Be, oi)? vjierepovs (pare elvai, el ri avrcov 19 



136 XENOPHOX'S ANABASIS. 

elXtfcfrafjLev, avrol clitiol elcrw ov yap go? (piXot Trpocr* 
e<j>epovTO i)plv, dXXa KXeiaavTe^ to? irvkas ovre etaco 
iBe^ovTo ovre e^co dyopav eirepurov yrcoovro Be tov 

20 irap vjjlcov dppLoaTr)v tovtoov oXtlov elvai. o Be Xeyet? 
/31a, TrapekOovras crKrjvovv, rjixei^ rj^iodfiev tou? Kapuvov- 
to? et? to? c-reya? Be^acrQai' eirel Be ovk dveopyov to? 
Triikas, y rjfjLas iSi^ero avrb to %coplov, TavTrj elaeX- 
66vTes aXXo fiev ovBev ftiaiov eirotrjaapbev, GKirvovai B J 
ev Tat? Q-Teyais ol fcd/AvovTes to eavT&v BairavcovTes, 
koX to? TTv\a<$ (fipovpovfiev, 6Vct)? pur) eirl tS vpteTepqy 
dp/jboaTrj a)criv ol KaptvovTes rjpcov, dXX' icfS rj/ilv fj 

21 KopbicraaOai, otov /3ov\cofie6a. ol Be aXXot, &>? opaTe, 
o-/C7]vovjjl6v VTvaLQpioi ev Tjj Ta^ev, irapeaKevaapievoi, av 
jmiv Tt? ev Troif), clvt ev iroielv, av Be KatcS)<;> aXe^a- 

22 ad at. a Be rjirelXrjcra^ &>?, r)v vpulv Bokyj, KopvXav Kal 
IIa(j)Xay6va<; ^vpLpbd^ov^ Troirjo-eaOe icj> rjfias, rjpLels 
Be, rjv fiev dvdy/cr) fj, TroXe/jbrjcropev Kal dfMfioTepow 
r/Br] yap teal aXXot? TroXXairXaaioLS vpucov eiroXepbrj- 
aapbev av Be Bofcfj rjpilv, fcal cplXov 7roiovpbe6a tov 

23 IlacpXayova. aKovopbev Be avTov Kal eirtdvpLelv tt}$ 
vpieTepas 7ro\eaj? teal ywpioov tcov eiriOaXaTTicov. irei- 
pacropbeQa ovv avpurpaTTOVTe^ avTcp cov eirtOvpuel cplXoc 
yiyveaQai. 

24 'Ek tovtov pdXa ptev BrjXot r)o~av ol ^vpLTrpeo-fieLS 
toj *EKaTcovvpL(p yakeiraivovTes rot? elpr]p,evo(,s, irapeX- 
Ocov 8' avTOJV aXXos elirev, oti ov iroXepiov TroirjcropLevoi 
rjicoiev, dXXd eTuBei^ovTes, oti (ptXoo elal. Kal ^evioi^, 
t)v puev eXOrjTe irpo^ tt)v ^cvcoirecov ttoXiv, i/cel Be£6- 
jieda, vvv Be tov<> evOdBe KeXevcroptev BiBovai a Bvvav- 

25 Tat' opcoptev yap irdvTa dXr]6f] opt a, a XeyeTe. etc 
tovtov %evid Te eire/xTrov ol KoTvayptTai Kal ol o~Tpa- 
Trjyol tcov "EXXijvcov e^evi^ov tou? tcov Xivooirewv irpe- 
crfieis, Kal 7rpo? dXX7]Xov<; iroXXd Te Kal eiriT^Beia 
BteXeyGVTo tcl Te aXXa Kal irepl r?;? Xoiirr)<$ Tropelas 
eirvvOdvovTo Kal wv eKaTepoi iBeovTO. 



BOOK V. CHAP. VI. 137 

Tavrrj [lev Tjj r\pi,epq tovto to reXos iyevero. rf} (j 
Be vorrepaia %vveXe%av ol arparrjyol rou? crrparicoTa^, 
teal eBbicei avrois irepl tt}? Xoiiri]s iropelas irapaKaXe- 
aavras robs Xivcoireas j3ovXevea9ai. etre yap ire^fj 
Beoi iropeveaOai, ^p/jcripioi dv eBoKOW elvai ol ^ivco- 
ireis rjyovpievoi' epuireipoi yap rjaav t?}? IIa<pXayovia<;' 
ecre Kara SdXarrav, irpoaBeiv eBoKei ^ivcoiricov fiovot 
yap av iBoKovv itcavol elvai irXola irapaayelv aptcovvra 
rfj crrparia. KaXeaavres ovv tov<$ irpecr(3ei<$ i;vvef3ov- 2 
Xevovro, koX rj^lovv c/ EXX7]va<; ovras "EXXrjcri tovtg) 
irpcorov fca\c$<; Be^eaOai rc3 evvovs re elvau Kal ra 
/3eXriara %vpi(3ovXeveiv. 

'Avao-rds Be 'Efcarcovvfio*; irpcorov piev direXoyrj- 3 
aaro irepl ov elirev co? rbv HafyXaybva (J)iXov iroirj- 
aoivro, on ov^ &)9 rot? "EXXrjai iroXepbijabvrcov cr<f)cov 
el'iroi, dXX' ore e^bv rot? j3ap/3dpot$ cjiiXovs elvai robs 
"EXXrjvas alprjaovrai. eirel Be ^vpiftovXeveiv i/ciXevov, 4 
eirev^dfievos &Be elirev. El puev %vpi{3ovXevoipii a /3e\- 
Tiard fioi Boicel elvai, iroXXd fioi /cdyaOa yevoiro' el 
Be firj, rdvavrla. avrrj yap r) lepa i;Vfif3ov\r) Xeyopievr) 
elvai BGKel pioi irapelvai' v.vv ydp Br), av fiev ev ^vfi- 
fiovXevcras cjiavco, iroXXol eaeaOe ol eiraivovvres fie, av 
Be Ka/coos, iroXXol eaeaQe ol Karapoopievoi. irpdypLara o 
jjulv ovv olB* oti iroXv irXelco e^opuev, edv Kara QdXar- 
rav Kopii^rjo-Oe' ?;/za? yap Berjcrei rd irXola iropi^eiv 
tjv Be Kara yrjv crreXXTjaOe, vpias Berjaei toz)? ^X°~ 
puevovs elvai. o/xa)? Be Xe/crea d yiyvd>o~Kco • epureipos 6 
ydp elpii Kal tt}? ^copa? tcov UafyXaybvoov Kal ri}? 
BvvdpiecQS. e%ei ydp dpK^brepa, Kal ireBla KaXXiara 
Kal oprj v-^rrjXbTaTa, Kal irpcorov piev olSa ebdvs y rrjv 7 
ela/3oXr)V dvayKt] iroielaOai' ov ydp eariv aXXy rj y 
rd Kepara rod opovs 7779 bBov KaO* eKarepd icrriv vilrrj- 
Xd, a Kpareiv Karexpvres Kal irdvv bXlyoi Bvvaivr dv 
tovtcov Be Kare^ppievcov ovB' dv ol irdvres dvOpcoiroc 



138 xenophon's anabasis. 

hvvaivr av hie~k6elv. ravra he Kal hei^aifii av, et /jloi 
8 rova /3ov\oia6e ^v/unrepi-yfrai. eireira he olha Kal irehla 
ovra zeal Irrirelav, r)v avrol ol (3dp(Sapoi vopbl^ovcri 
fcpecrrco elvai dirdcn]*; tt}? fBaaCkecos lirireia^. Kal vvv 
ovtol ov Trapeyevovro fiaaikeZ tcakovvTi, dWa puel^ov 
£ (frpovet 6 apyw>v avrcov. el he teal hvvrjOelre rd re oprj 
Kke-^rai i) cf)0dcraL Xafiovres Kal iv tw irehico Kparrjaac 
/xa^optevoo tovs re birirel^ rovrcov Kal 7re%cov puvpidhas 
7r\elov r) hcoheKa, rj^ere eirl rovs 7rorap,ovs, rrp&rov 
[lev tov Oepficohovra, evpos rpioiv ifkeOpwv, ov %aXe- 
irbv olfAdL hiafiaiveiv aWcos re Kal 7ro\epLLcov iroWwv 
pbev eparpocrOev ovrcov, ttoWcov he biriaOev eiropLevcov 
hevrepov 8' ^Iptv, rpcifkeOpov (bcravrw rplrov 8' 
f 'A\vv, ov fiecov hvolv crrahtoiv, bv ovk av hvvacade 
dvev 7f\oL(ov hiafir\vai % ifkola he rt? ecrrac 6 irapeyjav ; 
o>9 8' clvtcds Kal 6 HapOevios d/3aros' £<$>' ov ekOocre 

10 av, el tov tr A\vv hia{3air)re. eyco fiev ovv ov yakerrr]v 
v/jllv elvai vo/lll^cq tt]v iropelav, dXkd rravrdirao-iv dhv- 
varov. av he irXerjre, earriv evOevhe puev eh ^ivdnnrv 
rrapaifXevcrai, etc ^ivdnvr]^ he eh r Hpdickeiav e£ < Hpa- 
tckelas he ovre rretyj ovre Kara Qdkarrav diropia' iro\- 
\a jap Kal rfkold ecrriv ev t Hpatc~keia. 

11 \E7rel he ravra e\e%ev, ol puev vircowrevov c^Ckla? 
eve/ca rrjs KopvXa Xeyecv • Kal <ydp r)v 7rpo%evo<> avrco • 
ol he Kal &>? haypa Xrj-^ropLevov hid rr)v £v/jLJ3ov\r)v rav- 
rrjv ol he virdnrrevov Kal rovrov eveKa \eyeiv, o>? pur) 
ire^fj lovres rr)v ^tvcoTrecov ri ^copav KaKov epyd^oevro. 
ol 8' ovv r/ EWr]ves e^7](f)LO~avro Kara QdXarrav rr\v 7ro- 

12 peiav iroielcrOai. puerd ravra Uevocpcov elirev, V2 £ivco- 
7ret?, ol puev dvhpes jjprjvrac iropetav rjv vp,el<$ ^v/jiftov- 
Xevere' ovrw he e^et* el puev ifXola eaeaOav pbeXKeu 
LKavd dpL0/JLQ) o)9 eva fir} KaraXeirreaOai evBdhe, rjpLels 
he ifKeoijiev av el he pLeXkotfiev ol fiev KaraXetyeadai, 
ol he ifkevaeadai, ovk av epL/3alr)pL€v eh rd nfkola. 



BOOK V. CHAP. VI. 139 

yiyvobo~KOfA,ev yap, ore, oirov fiev av KpaTwpev, Bvval- 13 
fied' av Kal aoa^eo-Qai Kal ra eTTLTrjBeLa exetv el Be 
7rov tJttou? tcov iroXepbloov \rj^>97]o-6fL€0a, evBrjXov Br] 
otl iv avSpcLTToScov X®P a ^ojneda. aKovaavre? ravra 14 
ol 7rpeo-Pei<$ ifceXevov TrepbireLV 7rpecr/3et?. Kal nrefi- 
irovai KaWl/Jiaxov 'ApKaBa koX 'Aplarcova ' AQiqvdiov 
Kal XafxoXav ' Ayaiov. Kal ol jjlIv cpxovTO. 

*Ev Be tovtco tS %pov(p aevocpoovTL, opcovTL fiev 15 
oifkLras ttoWovs tcov ' EWtfvoov, opcovTL Be Kal 7reX- 
rao-ras 7roWov<; Kal ro^oras Kal o-cfrevBovrJTas Kal hr- 
Tret? Be Kal jidXa r)8r) Boa tt)V TpLJ3r]V iKavovs, ovras 8' 
iv too Uovtw, evOa ovk av air bXiycov xPV^utoov 
Tocravrrj SvvafJLis irapecrKevdcrOr}, KaXbv avrcp eBoKec 
elvai Kal %OQpav Kal Bvva/MV rfj *EXXd8L 7rpoo~KTr}cra- 
crdai, ttoXlv KaroiKLo-avras. Kal yevecrOaL av avTco 16 
eBoKec /jL€<yd\r), KaTaXoyL^ofievco to re avrcov 7rXr)do<; 
Kal tou? TrepLoiKovvra? tov TLovrov. Kal iirl tovtols 
edvero irptv tlvl elirelv tcov ar par loot oov XiXavbv 
irapaKaXeaas, tov Kvpov fidvTLV yevo/ievov, tov 'Ajul- 
/3paKicoT7]v. 6 Be SiXavbs SeStcu?, p,r) yevTjrai ravra 17 
Kal Kara/jLetvrj irov rj cnpaTid, eK(pepec els to crrpd- 
revfia Xoyov, otl l Bevo<f>cov /3ovXeTaL KaTafielvao ttjv 
Q-TpaTidv Kal ttoXlv olKLcrac Kal eavTco ovo\ia Kal Bvva- 
\iiv irepiTroiriaaaOai. avTos 8' 6 SiAavbs e/3ovXeTO 18 
otl TayiGTa els ttjv *EXXd8a d(pCKea6ac • o£>? yap irapa 
Kvpov eXafie T/^cr^Aioi;? BapecKOVs, OTe tcl? BeKa rjfie- 
pa$ ?]\rj0evcre Qvofievos Kvpco, BcecrecrcoKei. tcov Be 19 
GTpaTtcoTcov, eVel r\Kovo~av, rot? \xev eBoKei /3eXTLo~TOv 
elvai KaTa/jLelvat, tols Be 7roA.Aot? ov. TifJiaaicov Be 6 
AapBavevs Kal @copa^ 6 Bolcotlos 7rpo? epuropov^ tivcis 
irapovTa^ tcov HpaKXecoTuv Kal XLVooirecov Xeyovo~Lv y 
OTiy ei jjbr] eKTTopiovai ttj crTpaTia fJuaObv coaTe e^eiv 
Ta eiriTr]8eia eKifXeovTas, otl KLvBvvevaei /Jbelvau tq- 
aavTT) BvvafAis iv tco JJovto) • fiovkeveTat, yap Uevo^Sv 



140 xenophon's anabasis. 

Kal rjfjLas rrapaKaXel, iireoBav eXOrj ra rrXoia, rore el- 

20 rrelv i%ai<fivr}<$ ttj arpana, "AvBpes, vvv fiev opwpLev 
rj/jLa^ drropovs ovras Kal iv rw diroirXw eyeiv ra ern- 
ryBeta teal &>? o'cKaBe direXOovra^ ovfjaal n rovs oXkov 
el Be /3ovXea6e rfjs kvkXw ^oopa? irepl rbv Uovrov 
olfCOV[iev7)<; iKXetjapcevot oiry av (3ovXr]a6e Karaayelv, 
kclX rbv puev eOeXovra dirievai oiKaBe, rbv Be iOekovra 
fieveiv avrov, ifkola 8' v/uv rrdpeariv, ware oirrj av 

21 (BovXwaOe e%ai<fiv7)<$ av iir lire aoure. a/covcravres ravra 
ol e/ub7ropoo dir^yyeXXov rals rroXeaf ^vveirepu'^re <T 
avroLS TtjuLacricov 6 AapBavevs Evpvpua^ov re rbv Aap- 
Bavea koX Ocoparca rbv Bolcotlov ra aura ravra ipovv- 
T<2?. Xivwirels he Kal 'Hpa/cXecorai ravra aKovaavre? 
rrep/Kovai tt^o? rbv Tipuaalwva /cal KeXevovai rrpoara- 
revaai Xa(36vra ^prj/xara, ottco? i/CTrXevar) rj err par La. 

22 © Be aapuevos aKovaas iv ^vXXoycp rwv err par iwr wv 
ovrwv Xeyeu rdBe. Ov Bel irpoaeyeiv p<ovfj, w avBpes, 
ovBe t?}? 'EXXdBo? ovBev irepl rrXelovos rroieladai. 
cikovco Be rtvas SveaOai, iirl rovrw ovB' vpuv Xeyovras. 

23 vTTi<jyyovp,ai Be vpuv, av eKTrXerjre, drrb vovpLrjvia? 
fiicrdocpopav rrape^eiv Kvty/crjvbv eKaarw rov firjvos' 
/cal a%w vpuas eh ryv TpwdSa, evQev /cat elpuu <fivyd<z, 
Kal virdp^ei vpXv rj ifXT) ttoXis' e/covre? yap pue Betjov- 

24 rat. tfyijaopbai, Be avrbs eya> evQev iroXXd %prjpLara 
Xrj^eaOe. e/x7recpo<; Be elpa r?}? AloXiBos /cal rfjs $pv- 
yias /cal t?}? TpwdBos /cal t?}? Qapvafid'Cpv «/?%% rrd- 
0-779, ra puev ota ro e/ceiuev etvac, ra be oca ro ^we- 
ar par evaQai iv avrfj avv KXedp^w re Kal AepKvXiBa, 

25 dvaards avdts @copa% 6 Boicbrios, 09 del irepl crrpa- 
rrjylas 'Bevofpcovrt ijidyero, ecf)7], el i^eXdocev e/c rov 
Uovrov, eaeaOai avrols Xeppovrjcrov, yoapav KaXrjv Kal 
evBaipiova, ware rw /3ovXo/jLevq) ivoiKelv, rw Be firj /3ov- 
Xojmevw drnevai ocKaBe. yeXolov Be elvat iv ry *EXXdBi, 
ova7]<$ %wpa<; TroXXfjs Kal d(f>66vov iv rfj /3ap/3dpwv 



BOOK V. CHAP. VI. 141 

piaareveiv. eare B ' av, €<fir}, e/cei yevrjaOe, /caycb, /ca- 25 
Odirep Ti/jLclcticdv, vTria^vovpiai vpXv rr)v piiado(f)opdv. 
ravra Be eXeyev elBa)<z a Tipaaiwvi ol 'Hpa/cXeoarai ical 
ol Xivojirel^ vTriayyovvTO (bare eiarXeZv. 6 Be ttevo- 27 
<p(bv iv rovTfi) eaiya. dvaards Be <&iXr)aio$ teal Avtcwv 
ol ^ Ayaiol eXeyov go? Beivbv elrj IBia p,ev ttevo^wvra 
ireideiv re /carapbeveiv ical QveaOai virep rrjs fiovrj^ fir] 
Koivovpievov rfj arparia, els Be rb icoivbv pbr)Bev dyo- 
peveiv irepl rovroav. (bare yvay/cdadrj 6 &evo(f)(bv dva- 
arrjvai /cal elireiv rdBe. 'Eyd), a> dvBpes, Bvopiai p,ev, 28 
o>9 bpdre, birbaa Bvvapai /cal virep vp/ov /cal virep 
ifiavrov, 07T&)? ravra rvyydvw /cal Xeycov /cal vocov /cat 
irpdrrcov, oiroia pieXXei vpXv re /cdXXcara ical dpiara 
eaeadai ical epoL ical vvv iOvofirjv irepl avrov rovrov, 
el dpieivov eirj dpyeaQai Xeyeiv et? u/xa? /cal irpdrreiv 
irepl rovrcov r) iravrdiraai jirjBe dirreaOai rod irpdypa- 
ro<z. %iXavb$ Be pioi 6 pbdvri? dire/cpivaro, rb fMev29 
fieytarov, to lepd /caXd elvai' yBei yap /cal e/xe ov/c 
diretpov ovra Bid rb del irapelvai rois lepols' eXe^e Be, 
ore ev rots lepois (palvoiro ris BoXos /cal eiri/3ovXy epioi, 
a>? dpa yiyvoaa/cwv, on avrbs eirefiovXeve BiafidXXeiv 
fie irpbs vilcls. e^rjveyice yap rbv Xoyov, ct>9 eyco irpdr- 
reiv ravra Biavooijurjv ijBrj ov ireiaas vp,as. e'Y&> Be el 30 
pbev ecopcov diropovvras vpias, rovr av ea/coirovv, a<£' 
ov av yevoiro (bare Xa(36vra<; vpas iroXiv rbv pbev /3ov- 
Xopuevov diroirXeiv 7]Br), rbv Be prq (3ovX6pievov, eirel 
Krrjcrairo licavd (bare /cal rovs eavrov ol/celovs dxpeXrj- 
aal ri. eirel Be opoy vpuv /cal rd irXola irepbTrovra^ 31 
'Hpa/cXecoras /cal ^ivanrel^ (bare e/cirXelv, /cal paadbv 
VTna^vov/jievov^ vplv avBpas dirb vovpurfVLa^, /caXov poi 
Bo/cel elvai aw^opievovs ev6a BovXopeQa paaObv rv}? ao)- 
rripia^ XapbjBdveiv, ical avros re rravopbai e/cetvi^ rr)$ 
Biavotas, /cal biroaou irpb<; e/x-e irpoafjeaav Xiyovres, co? 
XPV ravra irpdrreiv, iraveaQai (jyrjp^i %prjvai. ovrco yap 32 



142 xenophon's anabasis. 

ytyvcocrKco • bfxov fiev ovres itoXXol, cocrrrep vvvi, hoKetre 
av [Mot Kal evnjioi elvai Kal eyew ra eTrtrrjheia' iv 
yap rep fcparelv icrn Kal rb Xaji(3dvetv ra rcov rjrrb- 
vcov hiacriraG Sevres S' av Kal Kara jiiKpd yevojjuevrjs 
rrjs hwdjiews ovr av rpofyrjv hvvaicrQe Xajifidvew ovre 

33 yaipovres av diraXXd^acre. hoKel ovv fioi arrep vplv, 
eKTropeveaOai els rrjv 'EXXdha, Kal idv ns fjbeivrj rj 
diroXLiTOdV XrjtyOfj irpiv iv dcrcpaXel elvai irav rb crrpd- 
revjia, KpiveaOai avrbv &)? dhiKovvra. Kal 6ra> hoKel, 
ecjyr], ravra, dpdrco rrjv yelpa. dvereivav arravres. 

34 6 he XiXavbs if36a, Kal eVe^e/pet Xeyeiv, &)? hUacov 
elrj dnrievai rbv fiovXofievov. ol Be crrpanwrai ovk 
rjveiyovro, dXX' rjireiXovv avrcp, on, el Xrjtyovrai diro- 

35 hihpdcrKovra, rrjv hUrjv eirtOrjaotev. ivrevQev eirel 
eyvcoaav ol r HpaKXeoorai, on iKrrXelv hehoyfievov eirj 
Kal 'Bevocj^cbv avrbs iTreyjrrjcpLKcbs elrj, ra fiev nrXola 
nrejiirovcri, ra he yjprjjiara a vrrecryovro Tijuaalcovi, 

36 Kal ©copaKL i-^evajievoi rjcrav rrjs fjLio~6o$>opa<$. iv- 
ravOa he iK7re7rXrjyjievoi, rjcrav Kal ihehcecrav rrjv crrpa- 
ridv ol rrjv jxicrOo^opav virecryrjixevoi. irapaXajBovres 
ovv ovroi Kal rovs aXXovs arparrjyovs ols dveKeKoi- 
vcDvro a rrpocrOev eirparrov, rrdvres S' rjcrav irXrjv 
Necovos rov 'Acrivalov, 0? Xeipicrocfxp virecrrparrjyeiy 
XeLplcrocpos he ovitcd iraprjv, epypvrai ivpbs pievocpoovra, 
Kal Xeyovcrcv on, jierajLekoi avrols, Kal hoKoirj Kpd- 
Ticrrov elvao irXelv eh $dcnv, eVel rrXola earn, Kal 

37 Karacryeiv rrjv 4>acn,av(bv ^copav. Alrjrov he vlhovs 
ervyyave /3acriXevcov avrcov. Bevocpcov he direKpl- 
varo, on ovhev av rovrcov eXiroi els rrjv crrpandv 
v/jbels he ^vXXe^avres, e<prj, el (BovXeaOe, Xeyere. iv- 
ravQa diroheiKwrai Tcjuao-ccov 6 Aaphavevs yvcojjirjv 
ovk iKKXrjcnd^etv, dXXd rovs avrov eKacrrov Xo^ayovs 
rrpwrov rreipdcrOai rreiQeiv. Kal direXOovres ravr 

67T0L0VV. 



BOOK V. CHAP. VII. 143 

Tavra ovv oi (Trparccorai, dveirvOovTO irpaTTOfieva. 7 
/cal 6 Necov Xeyec, &>9 &evo<baiv avameireiKUts rovs aX- 
Xovs GTpaTTjyovs hiavoeZrcLL dyetv tovs <tt par loot a<z 
i^airarrjcra^ irdXiv eh <&dcuv. d/covcravTes B' oi arpa- 2 
ticotcu ^;aXe7rco? efyepov, /cal ^vXXoyoi iylyvovTO koi 
kv/cXol ^vviaravTO, /cal fidXa <f)o{3epol rjaav, fir) iron)- 
creiav, ola /cal tovs tcov KoX^cdv /crjpv/cas eiroirjcrav 
kcli tov<$ dyopavbfiovs* oaoi yap fir) eh rr)v Qakarrav 
fcarecpvyov KaTeXevcrOrjcrav. eVel Be r)a6dvero aevo- 3 
(f)(x)v, eBo^ev avru) &>? TayicrTa ^vvayayelv avTcov uyo- 
pdv, /cal fir) eacrai ^vXXeyr)vat avro/judrovs ■ /cal e/ce- 
Xevore tov fc?jpv/ca ^vXXeyeiv dyopdv. oi S' eVel tov 4 
Kiipvicos rj/covaav, ^vveBpafiov /cal fidXa eToifiw ev- 
ravOa jEevocpcov tcov fiev CTpaTrjyayv ov Karrjyopet, on 
rjXOov 7T/30? avrov, Xeyet Be wBe. 

'A/covco Tivd BiafidXXeiv, co avBpes, ifie co? eyco dpa 5 
e^airarrjo-a^ vfias /jbiXXco dyetv eh ^acrcv. aKovcrare 
ovv {lov irpb<; Qecov, koX eav fiev eya) fyaivusfLai dBc/cwv, 
ov yjpr) fie evuevbe aireXueiv irpiv av bco OL/crjv av o 
vfiiv (fraivcovrai, dBi/cpvvTe$ oi ifie B(,aj3dXXovre<;, ovtcds 
avrots yjpr)crde coo-7rep d^iov. vfieh B\ e(f>r} } care B}]- 6 
7rov, oOev ijXios dviayei /cal ottov Sverat, ical on, eav 
fiev Tt? eh T7]v *EXXd8a fieXXrj levai, irpbs ecnrepav 
Bel iropeveaQai* r)v Be T£? (3ovXrjTai eh tovs {3ap/3d- 
povs, rovfiiraXiv irpbs eco. ecrTtv ovv octtis tovto av 
Bvvairo vfids e^aTrarrjcrai,, go? rjXios evOev fiev dvicr^et, 
overat be evravua, evua be bverac, avicryei b evrevuev ; 
dXXa pLrjv /cal tovto ye irricrTacrOe, oti (3opea<$ fiev e%co 
tov Uovtov eh tj)v 'EXXdBa cj^epec, voto$ Be ecaco eh 
$ao-Lv y teal XeyeTe, oTav {3oppa<; nrverj, w? icaXol irXol 
elcriv et? ttjv *E\XdBa. tovto ovv ccttiv otto)? t£? av 
i)fia<; e^airaTTqcrai, coo-Te efiftalveiv, biroTav votos irverj ; 
dXXa yap oiroTav yaXrjvr] 17 e/x/3t/3co. ov/covv eyco fiev S 
ev evl TrXoicp TrXevcrofiai, vfieh Be TOvXdyio~Tov ev 



144 xenophon's anabasis. 

e/cardv. irws av ovv iyco rj /3iacralpLr)v vjias %vv ipuol 

9 irXelv p,r) fiovXopbevovs i) e^airar^aa^ dyoipn ; iroicb o' 
vjjlcls i^airarr]6evras /cal /carayo7]rev6evra<; vir ijaov 
7]/c€cv eh &acriv m /cal Srj /cal diro(3aivopiev eh rrjv ycb- 
pav yvcocrecrGe hrjirov, on ovk ev rfj 'EXXdSc ecrre' 
/cal iyco p,ev ecropai 6 e^r]irar7]Kco^ eh, v/ieh he ol itjrj- 
7rar7]fievoL iyyvs puvplcov eyovre^ oirXa. ircos av ovv 
eh dvrjp pLaXkov So it] hl/crjv r) ovrco irepl avrov re /cal 

10 vpucbv jSovXevopbevos ; dXX* ovrol elcrcv ol Xoyoi dvhpcov 
/cal tjXlOlcov /cdpiol cpOovovvrcov, ore iyco vcp 1 vpicbv ripbca- 
fiai. /calroi ov hacaicos y' av puoi epdovoeev riva yap 
avrcov iyco /ccoXvco rj Xeyeiv el rh ri dyadbv hvvarai 
ev vpXv, 7) p^dyeaQai el tls iOeXei virep vpicbv re /cal 
eavrov, i) iyprjyopevai ire pi rr)<$ vperepas dcrcpaXeia? 
iirip.eXopievov ; ri yap ; dpyovras alpovpbevcov vpcov 
iyco nvi ipurohcov elpn ; iraplrjpii, dpyerco ■ pbvov dya- 

11 66v ri iroicov vpias cfiaiveaOco. ciXXd yap ipiol puev 
dp/cei ire pi rovrcov rd elpr\pukva * el he ris vpicbv r) avrbs 
i^airarydfjvai av olerai ravra 7) aXXov i^airarr)craL 

12 ravra, Xeycov hihacr/cerco. orav he rovrcov aXis eyrjre, 
pur] direX6r)re, irplv av dfcovorrjre, olov bpcb ev rfj crrpa- 
ria. dpyop^evov irpdypia' b el eireicri /cal ecrrai olov 
virohei/cvvcriv, copa rjpiv j3ovXeveo~6ai virep rjpicbv avrcov 
p,r) /cd/ciaroi re /cal aXcryicrroi avhpes dirotyaivcopieOa 
/cal irpb? Qecov /cal irpbs dvOpcoircov /cal cpiXcov icaX 

13 iroXepilcov, /cal /carafypovrjOcbpiev. d/covcravres he ravra 
ol arparicbrai iOavpaaav re, 6, ri eiy, /cal Xeyeiv e'/ce- 
Xevov. e/c rovrov dpyerai irdXiv, 'EiricrracrOe irov, 
ore %copla rjv ev roh opecri /3ap/3api/cd, cfilXia roh 
Kepacrovvrlois, 88ev /caribvres nvh /cal lepela eircoXovv 
7]plv /cal aXXa wv elyov, So/covcri Be puoi ical vp^cbv rive? 
ch rb iyyvrdrco ywpiov rovrcov iX66vres dyopaaavre^ 

14 ri irdXiv direXOelv. rovro /carapbaOcov KXedperog 
Xoyayb? ore teal pi/cpbv elrj /cal dfyvXa/crov hud ro 



BOOK V. CHAP. VII. 145 

<f>l\iov vofiifav ehcu, epxerat, iir avrovs ttJ9 wktos 
a;? irop6i)a(DV, ovBevl tj/jlcov elirdiv. BcevevorjTO Be, el 15 
Xdftoi Tohe to yupiov, eh fxev to aTpaTevjua /XTjKeTt 
eXOelv, e/x{3ds he eh ttXoIov, ev £ eTvyx^vov 0L %v°~ K V- 
voi auTOV irapaifkeovTes, Kal evdefievos el to \df3oi, 
diroirXewv oXyeo~^ ai ^S 03 T °£ IIovtov, teal Tama %vvco- 
fioXoyrjaav avTio ol etc tov ttXolov Gvatcr\voi, a>9 eyco 
vvv alaOdvofiac. TrapaKaXecras ovv biroaovs eireiOev 16 
rjyev eVl to yjapiov. iropevopbevov B avTov <f)0avei 
7]jjbepa yevo/xevrj, /cal 'gvcrTavTes ol dvOpwiroi diro lo~yy- 
poiv toitwv /3dXXovTe<; /cal nraiovTes tov Te KXedpeTOv 
anTOKTeivovcn Kal tcjv aXXcov o-vyyovs, ol Be Tives teal 
eh KepaaovvTa avTayv d7rox^povo~c. TavTa B rjv ev 17 
TTj fjfjLepq, y rj/jLels Bevpo e^cop/jLOifiev ire'Cfl • tcov Be 
TrkeovTcov ert Tives rjcrav ev KepaaovvTL, ovirco dvr\yjxe- 
vol. [xeTa tovto, a)? ol KepaaovvTCot, Xeyovcrcv, d(pt- 
KVOvvTao tcov etc tov ^copcou Tpeis dvBpes toov yepaiTe- 
pcov 7rpo9 to tcoLvbv to rnxeTepov %pr]%0VTe<; eXOelv. 
eirel S' 97/za? ov KaTeXa/3ov, irpbs tovs KepacrovvTiovs 18 
eXeyov, otl i^avfjuaQocev, tl tj/ilv oo^eiev eXuecv eir av- 
tovs. eirel fievTOi cr<fieh Xeyeiv, efyacrav, otl ovk dirb 
kolvov yevoiTO to irpdyfia, r}heo-6ai Te avTov? Kal fieX- 
Xeiv evOdBe irXelv, go? r\iuv Xe^ai tcl yevbfieva teal tov? 
veicpovs KeXeveiv avTovs QdiTTeiv Xa(3bvTa<; tovs tovtov 
Beofjiivovs. tcov S' dirocpvyovTCDV Tives ' EXXtfvcov e.TV- 19 
yov e.Ti 6We? ev KepaaovvTC alcrObjuevoL Be tovs (Sap- 
fidpovs ottoi Xoiev avTou Te eToXpurja-av /3dXXetv rot9 
\1601s Kal toIs a\Xoc<; irapeiceKevovTO. teal ol avBpes 
dirodvrjatcovai, Tpet? 6We? ol 7rpecr/3et? tcaTaXevo-QevTes. 
eirel Be tovto eyeveTO, epyo VTai ^po? rj[xa^ ol Kepa- 20 r -' 
crouvTLOL teal \eyovo~i, to 7rpay/jLa' Kal ^/zet? ol o~Tpa- 
TTjyol dtcovcravTes rjyQb^eQd Te rofc yeyev^jievoi^ Kal 
ej3ov\ev6/j,eda %iiv Tot? Kepao-owTtots, 07ra)9 dv Ta<fieL7)- 
o~av ol tcov 'EWijvcov veKpoL o-vyKaOrjpbevoL S' e'^co6ev2\ 



146 xenophon's anabasis. 



tcov ottXcov etjalcpvrjs a/covofjiev Qopv/3ov ttoXXov, Hate, 
Trale, /SdXXe, /3dXXe, leal Taya hi) opcbfiev ttoXXov? 
irpoaOeovra^ XiOovs eyovTas iv rat? yepcri, tovs Be teal 

22 dvaipovp,evov<;. teal ol pbev Kepacrovvrcpc, co? dv teal 
ecopateoTes to irap eavrois irpdypia, BelcravTes diroyco- 
poven 737309 tc\ nrXdla. rjcrav Be vrj Ala teal r)pLcov ol 

23 eBeicrav. iyco ye pJqv rjXOov irpos avTOvs teal r)pcoTcov, 
6,Ti icrrl to irpdyjia. tcov Be rjcrav fiev o'l ovBev fjBecrav, 
ojacos Be XiOovs elyov iv Tat? yepcrLv. iirel Be elBoTi tlvI 
eireTvyov, Xeyei /jlol, oti ol dyopavbpuoi BeivoTaTa ttol- 

24 overt to aTpaTevfia. iv tovtco rt? opa tov dyopavofiov 
ZrjXapyov 777509 ttjv QdXaTTav diroycopovvTa, zeal dve- 
Kpayev ol Be a>9 rjteovcrav, coenrep rj crvb<; dyptov rj iXd- 

25 cpov cpavevTos, levTcu iir avTov. ol S' av KepacrovvTiot 
C09 elBov opficovTas tcaO* avTov<$> craepcos vojii^ovTes iirl 
crepds tecrdat, cpevyovat, Bpo/nco feal iinriTTTOvcriv et? ttjv 
QdXaTTav. ^vveLcreireaov Be teal rjjjLcov avTCov Tives, 
real eirviyeTO octtis velv firj eTvyyavev iiricrTaiievo^.. 

26 teal tovtovs tl BoteeiTe ; r)Bitcow fiev ovBev, eBeicrav Be, 
pJt] XvTTa Tt? coenrep tevcrlv rjfuv eixTreiTTcoteoi. el ovv 
TavTa TOiavTa €cttcu, QedaacrOe, oia rj feaTacrTacn,? 

21 fjfuv ecTTao ttjs o~TpaTid<$. vfiels fiev ol 7raVre? ovtc 
ecreaOe tevpioi ovTe dveXecrOai iroXefiov co dv (SovXrjcrOe 
ovTe teaTaXvcraiy IBia Be 6 jBovXbfievos d%ei crTpaTevfia 
icf o,tc dv SeXy. teav Tives Trpbs vfjbds Icocri 7Tpecr(3ei,<s 
rj elprjvT]? Beofievoc rj dXXov tivqs, teaTaieavbvTes tov- 
tovs ol fiovXopuevoi, Trouqo-ovcriv v/jlcIs tcov Xoycov jirj 

28 dteovaai tcov 7rpb<; vfids Iovtcov. eireiTa 8e 01)9 jxev dv 
vpbeis diravTe^ eXrjaOe apypvTas, ev ovSepbia %eopa ecrov- 
Tai, 6Vt£9 S' dv eavTov eXrjTai aTpaTijybv feal iOeXj) 
Xeyeiv, BdXXe, (BdXXe, OUT09 eo~Tai Ifeavbs teal dpyovTa 
feaTareaveiv feal IhicoTrjv bv dv v/icov edeXy d/epcTov, rjv 
cocriv ol ireicrop^evoi avTco, locnrep teal vvv iyeveTO. 

29 ola Be vfiiv teal BiaTreTrpdyacriv ol avOalpeTOi ovtqi 



BOOK V. cnAp. VII. 14:7 

arparr^yol (TKe-^racrOe. ZrfXap^os puev yap 6 dyopavo- 
/jlos el {iev aSi/cel ujjlols, oXyerai diroirXewv ou hous uplv 
8t/c7]V el Be fir) dhucel, cpeuyec etc rod o-Tpareufiaros 
heiaas, p,rj dhlfccos d/cpiros airoOdvr). ol he fcaraXeu- 30 
aravres rous irpea/3eLS hieirpd^avro u/ncv /llovois puev rcov 
^EXXrjvcov eh KepacrGuvra fir] dacpaXes elvai, av p,r) 
<jvv la^ui d<piKvr)a6e' rous he ve/cpous, ous irpoaOev 
aiiTOi ol tcaraKavovres eiceXeuov Qdirreiv, rourous hie- 
irpd^avro fATjSe %uv fcrjpuKia) en dacpaXes elvai dveXe- 
o~6ai. rt? yap edeXr/crei Kr)pu% levai tcrjpuicas diretCTO- 
vcos ; dXX* rj/iels KepacrovvTiCDV Qdyjrai aurous eherjOrj- 31 
fiev. el {iev ovv raura fcaXoos e%ei, hofjdrco up,iv, iva 
a>9 toioutcov eaojuuevcov icai (puXa/crjv ihiq, iroirjar) ris 
Kal rd epup,vd uirephe^ia ireipaTai eywv cr/cyvouv. 
el fievroi v/jlIv hoicel ^Tjptcov, dXXa jit) dv6 pdnrwv elvai 32 
ra roiaura epya, crKOTrelre irauXdv riva aurcov el Be 
fir], irpos A cos 7tw? Tj r&eot? Suo~op,ev rjhecos Troiouvres 
epya acre/3/}, rj iroXep,iois ttcos fjba)(pup,eda, rjv dXXijXous 
Karafcalvcofiev ; ttoXis he. <piXla ris fjfias hi^erai, r)ris 33 
av opa T0cravT7]v dvofilav ev rjfilv ; dyopdv he tls d^ei, 
Qappcov, rjv irepl rd fieyco-ra roiaura e^a/xaprdvovres 
cpaivcofieOa ; ou he hr) irdvrwv olofieSa reu^eaOai eiral- 
voUy ris av rjfias roiourous ovras eiraivecreiev ; rjpuecs 
fiev yap olh' ore rrovrjpous av (pair) /iev elvai, rovs ra 
roiaura rroiouvras. 

'E/c toutou dviard/xevoi, irdvres eXeyov rous jaev 34 
rourcov ap^avras houvai hifcrjv, rod he Xoiitov p,7]fcer/, 
e^elvai dvofxias ap^ac idv he ns ctp^j], dyeaQai au~ 
rous eirl ^avdrcp" rous he o-rparrjyous els h [teas Trdvras 
KaracrrrjcraL' elvai, he hltcas Kal el ti dXXo tls r)hiK7]T0 
i£ ou Kupos direQave' hi^caards he tous Xo)(ayous 
eiTOirjo-avro. irapaiVGuvros he ^evotpcovros teal tcov 35 
/jbdvrecov av^ouXeuovrcov eho^e zeal naQr\pai to arpd- 
revfia. teal eyevero /caOapfios. 



148 XENOPHON S. ANABASIS. 

3 "Eho^e he Kal rovs crrparrjyovs hiKrjv virocryeiv rot 

TrapeXrfkvObros yjpovov. Kal hchbvrcov QiXtJctlos fiev 
cbsfiXe Kal RavO licXi)<; ri)s cpvXaKrjs rwv yavXtKcov %PV~- 
fidre&v to fieiwfia eiKoai fivas, ^o<palveros he, on dp- 
yozv aipeOels KarrjfieXec, heKa fivds. nevocptovros he 
fcaTTiyoprjcrdv rives cpdaKovres iraiecrQai bir avrov Kal 

2 Co? hfipCCpvros rrjv fcaT7]<yopiav eiroiovvro. Kal 6 aevo- 
ef)cbv dvaerrds i/ceXevcrev elirelv rbv rrpcorov Xe^avra, 
ttov Kal eirXifyr). 6 he diroKplverai, "Ottov Kal ru> 

3 piyei a7rcoXXvfie6a Kal %id>v TrXelcrrrj rjv. 6 he elirev, 
*AXXa firjv KaX ^eifiwvbs <ye ovros oiov Xkyeis, crirov 
he eiriXeXonroTOs, olvov he firfh' borcppalveaOai rrapbv, 
virb he rrbvcov rroXXcov dirayopevovrcov, iroXefiLcov he 
iirofievcov, el iv rotovro) Kaipto vfipi'Cpv, bfioXoycb koX 
rtov ovcov v(3picrrbrepos elvai, oils epaenv virb rrjs 

4 v(3pews koitov ovk eyylyveaQai. oficos he koX Xetjov, 
ecj)?], eK rlvos eiTXrjyrjS. irbrepov yrovv ere ro koX errei 
fioi ovk ehihovs eiraiov ; aXX' dirffrovv ; dXXa nrepl 

5 iraihiKwv fiaybfievos ; dXXa fiedvcov errapepvrfcra ; eirel 
he rovrcov ovhev ecfrrjcrev, eirrfpero avrov, el birXirevoi. 
ovk e<p7]. iraXiv, ei nreXra^ot. ovoe rovr ecpr], aXX 
rffiiovov eXavvecv ra-yOels vrrb rcov avcrKijvcov eXevOepos 

6 cov. evravOa hrj avayiyvozcrKei avrov Kal rjpero, ^H crv 
el 6 rbv Kafivovra dyaycov ; Nal fid Ai , etprj' crv yap 
7}V ay Kates' rd he rcov ificov crvcrKrjvcDV crKevr) hieppi-^ras. 

7 AXX* 7] fiev hiappL^is, e(pi] o &evoef)iov, roiavrr] ris 
iyevero. hiehcoKa aXXocs dyeiv Kal eKeXevcra 7rpbs i/ie 
dirayayelv, Kal aTroXafiebv drravra crwa drrehcoKa croi, 
eirei Kai crv e\ioi airebei^as rov avopa. oiov be ro 

8 nrpdyjia iyevero aKovcrare, ecf)7] • Kal yap d^iov. dvyp 
KareXeiirero hid rb fi7]Keri hvvaaQai iropeveaOai. Kal 
iyco rbv fiev dvhpa rocrovrov iylyvcocrKOv, ore eh rjficov 
ecr] ' fjvdyKacra he ere rovrov dyeiv, a>$ iitj dirbXoiro * 
KaX yap, cos eyco olfiai, iroXefiioi tj/mv ecpeiTrovro. 



BOOK v. chap. vin. 14:9 

avvecprj tovto 6 avOpooiros. Ovkovv, e^rj o tievocfrcov, 9 
€7rel irpovirepL'tyd ae, KaTaXafi/3dva) avdis crvv rot? 
binaOo^vXa^b Trpoatoov /366pov dpvrTovra a>? fcaropv- 
^ovra top avOpcoirov, Kal innaTcus eirr\vovv ere. eVet 10 
Be irapecTTTjKOTcov y/iayv crvveKapb^e to crKekos 6 dvrfp, 
dveKpayov ol irapovTes, otl £f) 6 dvrjp, crv S' eliras, 
r Oiroaa ye /3ovXeTac &)? eycoye clvtov ovk a^co. iv- 
rav0a eiraicrd ere' dXrjOfj Xeyew eSotjas yap fioo 
6LO0TU eoiKevai, on eyr/. 1 1 ovv ; ecprj, tjttov n aire- 11 
Oavev, eirel eyd> croc direBei^a clvtov ; Kal yap rjpLets, 
e<fir] 6 pievocfrwv, vrdvTes diroQavovpueQa' tovtov ovv 
k'vetca <^6)VTa<^ ?;/xa9 Bel KaTopvyQr\vai ; tovtov /nev 12 
dve/cpayov irdvTes a>? oXiyas Traiereiev aXXov? S' e/ce- 
Xev e Xeyeiv, Bid to eKaerTOS eirX^yr]. eirel Be ovk 13 
dvicTTavTO, auT09 eXeyev, 'Eycb, co avSpes, opuoXoycj 
iralerai Si] dvBpas evercev aTa^las oerocs erco^eaOac /xev 
rjpKeu St' rjjuLas, ev Ta^ei Te Iovtcov Kal \xayo\xevwv oirov 
Beoc, avTol Be XarovTe^ tcls Ta^eis irpoOeovTes dpird- 
%etv rjOeXov Kal rjfiwv irXeoveKTelv. el Be tovto irdvTes 
eiroiovpLev, diravTes av a7rcD)wp,e0a. 77877 Be Kal fiaXa- 14 
KL^o/ievov Ttva Kal ovk eOeXovTa dvlcrTacrOai, dXXa 
irpolepbevov avTov rot? TroXefiloi^ Kal eiraiera Kal ejBia- 
crdfiijv TTopeveaOac. ev yap tw ler^vpco yeip,(hvi Kal 
avTQ? iroTe dvapievcov Tivds crvcrKeva^ofievovs KaQe'Cp- 
fievos crvyyov yjpovov KaTe\xaQov dvao-Tas fioXis Kal 
Ta o-KeXrj eKTelva^. ev ifiavTw ovv irelpav XajScov eK 15 
tovtov Kal aXXov, oiroTe iBotfic KaOrjpbevov Kal /3Aa- 
KevovTa, rjXavvov to yap KivelaOai Kal dvSpi^ecrOai, 
irapelye Qepfiacriav Ttva Kal vypoTijTa, to Be KaQr\o~6ai 
Kal v)o~vylav eyeiv ecopcov virovpyov bv tco Te diro7rrj- 
yvvadat to al/xa Kal rco aTroo-qireo-Oai tovs twv ttoBcov 
SaKTvXovs, direp ttoXXovs Kal v/xet? tcrTe iraOovTas. 
dXXov Be ye tcra)? viroXetTrofievov ttov Bid paaTcovrjv 16 
Kai KcoXvovTa Kal Lyxa? tovs irpoaQev Kal 77/xa? tov<; 



150 XEKOPHOrt ANABASIS. 

o7rco~6ev iropevecrOai erraicra Trv%, ottoo? fir) Xoyyr} {/7rb 

17 TCOV TTOkejjLLCOV TTaiQlTO. Kal ydp OVV VVV 6%€GTIV dV- 

" rot? GteOelcriv, el n vir efiov eiraGov rrapd to Bl/caiov, 
Bl/ctjv \aj3elv. el S' iirl rots iroXepblois eyevovro, rl 
fieya av ovtcds enraQov orov Bi/crjv av r)%lovv \afi- 

18 fidveiv ; difkovs fioi, e<pr], 6 \6yo<;. iycb yap el fiev 
eir ayaOcp e/coXaad rwa, d^iG) vrreyeiv Bl/crjv, oiav Kal 
yovets viols Kal BiBdcrKaXot iraicrL Kal yap ol larpol 

19 tea iov at teal reiivovcnv err dyaOS. el Be vfipei vofii- 

£ere fie ravra rrpdrrew, evQvfir)Qr\re, ore vvv eyd> 
Qappcb crvv rols $eo6? fiaXkov rj Tore /cal Qpacrvrepos 
elfii vvv rj Tore /cal olvov ifkeio) irlvco, dXTC ojicos ov- 

20 Beva rratco • ev evBla yap opco vfia$. orav Be 'yeificbv 
rj /cal Qdkarra fieydXrj em^)kpr]rai, ov^ Spare, ore /cal 

vevfiaros fibvov eve/ca yakerraivei fiev rrpeppevs rol<$ 
ev irpchpa, ydXeiraivei Be Kvfiepvr]rr]<; rots ev rrpvfivrf ; 
i/cavd yap ev rep roiovrco ical fiucpd dfiaprr)9evra rrdv- 

21 7 a Gvveirirpl^fai. ore Be Bacalccs erraiov avrovs /cal 
vfiels tcareBi/cdcrare rore' e^ovres f/^, ov ^njfyovs, 
rrapearrjre, /cal e^rjv vfiiv m eiriKovpelv avrols, el ej3ov- 
XecrOe. dWa fid Ala ovre rovrois eireicovpelre ovre 

22 crvv ifiol rbv dra/crovvra erraiere. roiyapovv i^ovcriav 
eirouqaare rot? ica/cols avrcov vftpi^eiv ecovres avrovs. 
olfiai ydp, el eOekere cr/coirelv, robs avrovs evpr]crere 

23 Kal rore KaKiarovs ical vvv v/3pcarordrov<;. Bolctkos 
yovv 6 7rvfcrr}<; 6 ©erraXos rore fiev Biefidvero C09 
/cd/ivcov daTTiBa firj cpepecv, vvv B\ co? d/covco, Korvco- 

.l^V-l 24 ptrcov 7roWov<; rjBrj dfroBeBvKev. rjv ovv crco^>povrjre, 
rovrov rdvavrla rroirjerere rj rov$ /cvvas iroiovcri* rovs 
fiev yap icvvas rot"? ^dkeirov^ Ta? fiev r)fiepa<; BiBeaai, 
rds Be vvferas deptdo-c, rovrov Be, i)v aoxppovffre, rr)v 
25 vv/cra fiev B'/jcrere, rr)v Be i)fiepav d$r)o-ere. dXkd ydp, 
e$rj, Savfidfo, on, el fiev rivi vfi&v aTrrj^OofirfV, fie- 
fivrjcrde /cal ov aicdirare, el Be tw rj yei^wva erre/covprfaa 



BOOK VI. CHAP. I. 151 

r) irdXefiLOV cvKr\pv^a i) acrOevovvTC r) amopovvTi avvege- 
TTopiaa ti, tovtcov ovheU /biifivrjTai, ovh' el Tcva koKco*; 
tl TTOtovvra eTrrjveaa ovh' el tlv' dvhpa ovra dyaObv 
irl/jb-qaa w? ehvvdfjLrjv, ovhe tovtcov fjii/jLvr/crOe. dXka26 
firjv kclXov ye Kal hUaiov teal oaiov Kal rjhcov tcov aya- 
dcov jxaXkov r) tcov kcl/ccov ixepLvrjcrQai. 

'Etc tovtov pbev 8rj aviaravro Kal dve/jblfjuvrjcrKOV. 
teal irepieyeveTO ware koXcos e%etv. 



BOOK VI. 



HjK tovtov be ev ttj CLCLTpipr) 01 puev a/iro TJ79 1 
dyopds e^cov, ol he teal XrjL^o/xevoo etc t?}? Ilacfikayovlas. 
eicXcoirevov Se Kal ol Ha(pXay6ve<; ev fidXa tov$ cltto- 
cnceSavvv/JLevovs, Kal ty)<; vvjctos he tov? irpocrco ctktj- 
vovvtcls eireipcovTp KaKovpyelv Kal iroXejiiKcoTaTa 
7rpo? dXXtfXovs elyov etc tovtcov. 6 Be KopvXa?, o? 2 
errvyyave TOTe JJacpXayovla^ apycov, irep/irei irapa tov$ 
"EXXrjvas 7rpeo-j3ei<; eypvTas Xttttovs teal cttoXcls KaXds, 
XeyovTas, otc KopvXas eTOL/ios elrj tovs ° EXXrjvas jirjTe 
dhcKelv fJLTjTe ahacelcrOai. ol he crTpaTrjyol direKplvavTO, 3 
otc Trepl fiev tovtcov ctxjv tj} crTpaTca fiovXevcroiVTo, 
eirl %evla Be ihe^ovTO civtovs' irapeicakeaav he Kal 
tcov aXXcov dvhpcov ou? ihoKovv hiKacoTaTovs elvac. 
QvcravTes he /3o£>? tcov alyjiaXcoT&v Kal aXXa lepela 4 
evcoyj.av pbev dpKovaav irapelyov. KaTaKelfievoc he ev 
cTTcfidacv ehelirvoWy Kal eircvov eK KepaTivcov ttottj- 
plcov, oh eveTvyyavov ev ttj %copa. eVel he crirovhai 5 
t eyevovTO Kal iTraccovccrav, dveo~T7]crav mpcoTOV fxev 
Opa/ce? Kal 777309 avXbv copyjqcravTO crvv toI? ottXocs 
Kal rjXXovTO v^rfka re Kal Kovcfrcos Kal rat? pLayalpai^ 
eyjpcovTQ ' TeXos he 6 erepo? tov eTepov rralei, tw? nraaiv 



152 XENOPHON S ANABASIS. 

iSo/cec ireifXriyevai tov dvhpa' 6 S' eirecre TeyyiKajs 

6 7ra}?. teal avefcpayov ol Ua<fikay6ve<;. Kal 6 puev cr/cv- 
Xevcras ra oifka tov irepov iljyet clhcov tov ^ZiTakicav 
aXkoi he tcov ©pciKcov top eTepov e^ecpepov o>? TeOwq- 

7 koto,' rjv he ovhev TreTrovdcos. fieTa tovto Alviaves 
kal ~NLdyvr\Te<$ dveaTTjcrav, ot copyovvTO ttjv Kapiralav 

8 fcaXovfiivrjv iv tois oifkois. o he Tpbiros t?}? bpyrjcrecos 
rjv, 6 puev TrapaQe\xevos tcl oifka Girelpei Kal ^evyrfkaTel 
Trv/cva /x€Tao-Tpe(f)6ijL€VO<; &)? cpofiov/xevos, A^ctt??? he 
irpocrepyeTai' 6 8' iirevhav TrpothrjTai, diravTa dpird- 
cras tcl 6if\a Kal fidyeTai irpb tov ^evyovs' Kal ovtoi 

Ta\)T eiTOLOVV iv pvdfACp TTpOS TOV CLVkoV Kal T6/V09 6 

A.?7<xt?;? hrjaas tov dvhpa Kal to ^evyos dirdyei* ivioTe 
he Kal 6 ^evyrjXaTrjs tov \t)o~t?]v • eiTa irapd tovs /3o0? 

9 ^evi^a? oTTiaco tco % e ^P e hehejuevov eXavvet,. fieTa tovto 
Mvcrbs elarjXOev iv eKaTepa ttj %etpl €%a)v ireXTrjv, 
Kal TOTe fiev co? hvo dvTiTaTTOfievcov fjafiovfievo^ cop- 
%elTO, tot€. he &>? Trpbs eva i^prJTO Tals irekTaLs, TOTe 
8' ihcveiTO Kal etjeKvfiicrTa eycov tcls ireXTas, cocrTe 

10 oyjriv KaXrjv (paiveaOat. reXo? he to irepaiKov copyeuro 
Kpovcov ra9 ireXTas, Kal coKXa^e ical i^avlcTTaTO • Kal 

11 TavTa nrdvTa iv pvdfito iirolei irpbs tov avXov. iirl 
he tovto) iiriovTes ol MavTivels Kal dXXou Tives tcov 
'ApKahcov dvao-TavTes i^oirXicrdfJbevoi &>? ihvvavTO KaX- 
Xco-Ta yecrdv re iv pvOfico, irpbs tov ivbnrXiov pvQfibv 
avXovpbevoi, Kal iiraicovicrav Kal copyfjcravTO cocrirep iv 
Tals 7rpo? tovs $eoi>9 nrpocrohoLS. bpcovTes he ol Ha- 
fyXayoves hecva iiroiovvTo Trdcras t<x? op^rjcrei^ iv 

12 o7rXot9 elvai. iirl tovtois opwv 6 M.vo~b^ iKireirKT]- 
ypievovs avTovs, ireiaas tcov ^ApKahcov tlvcl Treirapuevov 
bp^-jCTTplha eladyev crKevdtras &)? ihvvaTo KaXkiaTa 
Kal dairlha hobs K0V(pr]v avTrj. rj he copyjqcraTO irvp- 

13 piXV v iXacppoos. ivTavQa KpoTos 7]v ttoXvs, Kal ol 
IIacf)\ay6ve<; rjpovTO, el Kal yvvalKes orvve/xd^ovTO av- 






BOOK VI. CHAP. I. 153 

Tofc. ol S' eXeyov, ore avrac /cal al Tpey^r-dpLevaL elev 
(SacrLkea e/c rod crrparoTreBou. rfj fiev ovv wktI raurr) 

TOVTO TO T6/V09 iyiveTO. 

Tfj Be vo~Tepala nrpoarjyov avTovs eh to crTpaTevfia' 14 
/cal eBotje Toh <jTpaTio£>Tai<; /i?]Te dhucelv UafyXayovas 
[irjTe ahacelaOai. fieTa tovto ol jiev irpecrfieLs coyovTO* 
ol he "EXXijves, iirecSr] nrXola l/cava eBo/ceL irapelvaL, 
dva{3dvT€$ eirXeov rj/iepav /cal vv/CTa irvevjxaTL /caXw, 
ev apiGTepa eyovTes tt\v IIa<pXayovlav. tj) S' dXXrj 15 
atyacvovvTCLi eh ^lvcdtttjv /cal (hpjulcravTO eh 'Apfirjvrjv 
T?}? ^ivct)7T7]^. Xivwireh he ol/covaL puev ev Tfj IIacf>Xa- 
yovL/cfj, MlXtjo-lcov he clttolkol elenv. ovtol Be £evLa 
Tre/Jbirovcn Toh ff EXXj]cnv dXcpiTcov }iev jmeBl/ivov^ Tpicr- 
y^Ckiovs, olvov Be /cepd/jua y^ikia, /cal TrevTa/coaLa. 
/cal Xei / plo~o(f)o<; evTavQa rjXOe Tpnqpr] eyjsv. teal ol fjbev 16 
aTpaTicoTai TTpoueBotcwv ayovTci tl g^lglv rj/ceiv 6 S' 
rjye p,ev ovBev, airrjyyeXKe Be, otl eTraivolr} clvtovs /cal 
'Ava^l/3io<; 6 vavapyps /cal ol clXXol, /cal oti viriayyeiTO 
'Avo,%ij3lo<;, el acf)ucvocvTO e^o) tov Uovtov, /JLLcrOocfiopdv 
avToh ecreaOai. /cal ev TavTrj ttj 'Ap/uLrjvr] efieuvav ol 17 
aTpaTLWTCLi rj/iepas nrevTe. &)? Be tv^ 'EXXdBos iB6- 
kovv iyyvs yiyveaQai, rjBrj fidXXov rj irpoaOev elcryei, 
clvtovs, 07T(»? av /cal e^ovTes tl ol/caBe a<fiifccovTCLL. 
7]yr\<javT0 ovv, el eva cXolvto dpyovTa, pidXXov av rj 18 
iroXvap-^la^ ovo~r)<? Bvvaadac tov eva %prjcr6aL tg3 aTpa- 
TevfxaTL /cal vvktos /cal rj/xepa^, /cal el tl BeoL XavOd- 
veLV, fxaXkov av /cpvirTeaOaL, /cal el tl av BeoL cf)6dveLV, 
rJTTov av vcTTepiXeiv ov yap av Xoycov Belv 7rpo? dXX?]- 
Xou?, dXXd to Bo^av tu> evl irepaivecrdaL av tov B' 
efurpoadev yjpbvov e/c t?}? vl/cwctt]^ eirpaTTov irdvTa ol 
GTpaTt]yoL ft>? Be TavTa Blcvoovvto, eTpdirovTO eirl 19 
tov ftevocfrcovTa' /cal ol Xo^ayol eXeyov irpoaLovTe^ 
avToy, oti 7] GTpaTLa ovtco yLyvcocr/ceL, /cal evvoLav ev- 
BeL/cvvjJLevo? e/cacrTO<; eireLOev avTov vTroo'TfjvaL ttjv 



154 XENOPHON'S ANABASIS. 

20 ap^rjv. o Be aevocpcov Try puev efiovXero ravra, vo-pulr 
fav ical tt]V TLfirjv fjbei^co ovrco? ylyveo~6ac Kal irpbs 
rov? cpcXov? Kal eh ttjv ttoXlv rovvop^a p.eltpv dcpi^e- 
aQai avrov, rv)(bv Be teal dyaOov nvo? av curio? rfj 

21 crrpana yeveaOai. tcl puev Brj roiavra ivOvpLrjpLara 
errfjpev avrov emOvpuelv avroKpdropa yeveaOat ap- 
%ovra. birbre S' av ev6v[xolro, on dBrjXov puev iravrl 
dvOpcoircp, 07TJJ to pueXXov e'<~ei, Bid rovro Be Kal kivBv- 
vos eli] Kal rrjv it poeipyacr puevrjv Bo^av diro^aXelv, 

22 rjiropetro. Biairopovpbev(p he avrS Sia/cplvat, eBo^e /cpd- 
Ticrrov elvai roh $eot? dvaKoivcbaai' Kal Trapaar^crd- 
jjievos Bvo lepela eOvero tco Atl rco f3acnXei, oarrep 
avrS piavrevrb? r\v e.K AeXcpcov Kal rb ovap Brj dirb 
rovrov tov 3-eov evopu^ev ecopaKevai, b elBev, ore 
rjp^ero eirl to avvewipieXeiaOai rr\? crrpana? KaQl- 

23 araaOai. Kal ore e% 'E(jjeo-ov Be (hppiaro Kvpa> 
avaraOrjaopievo? derbv dvepupLvijcrKero eavra> Be^ibv 
<p0eyyopt,evov, KaOrjpievov pievroi, wenrep 6 pbdvn? 6 
TrpoirepLTTCDV avrov eXeyev on pueya? puev oleovb? efaj Kal 
ovk IBicoriKO? Kal evBo^o?, errlirovo? puevroi' rd yap 
opvea pudXiara eirirldeaOai rS dercp KaQ^puevcp' ov 
puevroi ^prjpLariariKov elvai rbv olcovov rbv yap derbv 

24 nrerbpuevov pudXXov Xapufidveiv rd eTrirrjBeia. , ovrco Brj 
.S-vopAva) avrS Biafyavchs 6 $eo? Gr t puaivei pbrjre rrpoa- 
BelaOai ttjs dp^fj? p^ijre, el alpolvro, diroBe^eaOai. 

25 rovro puev Brj ovrco? eyevero. rj Be err par id cTvvijXOe, 
Kal rrdvre? eXeyov eva alpelaOai' Kal eirel rovro eBotje, 
7rpoe/3dXXovro avrov. eirel Be eBoieei BvjXov elvai, on 
alprjcrovrai avrov, el n? eVn|r?7<£i£bt, dvearr] Kal eXe^e 
rdBe. 

26 'Eyoo, co dvBpes, rjBopiai piev virb v/jlcov npLoofievos, 
eiirep dvOpcoiro? elpu, Kai yapiv €%co Kal ev^opuat, Bov- 
vai pioi tov? S-eoi)? alnov nvo? vpZv dyaOov yeveaOac 
rb fievToi, epue rrpoKpi6r\vai virb vpucov dpyovra AaKe- 



BOOK VI. CHAP. I. 155 

haifMoviov dvBpbs irapbvTos ovre vpXv pot Bo/cel ctv/jl- 
<pepov elvai, dX\? rjrrov av Bid tovto Tvyydveiv el tl 
BeoiaQe Trap avTcov iptol re av ov irdvv tl vopii^co 
• dor<f)aXe<; elvai tovto. opol) yap, otl teal tj} iraTpiBL 27 
fjiov ov irpbaOev iiravcravTO iroXepovvTes irplv iirolrjaav 
Tracrav Ti]V itoXlv bpioXoyelv AaiceBaipLOVLOVs teal avroov 
fjyepibvas elvai. iirel Be tovto oopoXbyrjcrav, evOi)<; 28 
eiravaavTO iroXepovvTes ical ovfceTL irepa iiroXibptcrjcrav 
TT\v itoXlv. el ovv ravTa bpcov iyco Bokoctjv, ottov Bv- 
vaifirjv, evTavO* dicvpov iroielv to ixeivcov d^ccofza, 
ifceivo ivvoco, p,r\ Xiav av Tayy aaxppovLaOeirjv. b Be 29 
vpuels ivvoeiTe, otl tjttov dv o-Tacris elrj evbs dpyovTos 
i) iroXX&v, ev icrre otl aXXov fxev ekbjievoi ov^ evpr\- 
crere epbe aTaaid^ovTa' vopii^ca yap, ogtls ev iroXepuq) 
oov GTacna^ei 77720? apyovra, tovtov irpos tt\v eavTov 
o-odTTjplav GTaaid^euv edv Be ip,e eXrjaOe, ov/c av 
QavfidaaifjUL, el Tiva evpoiTe real vpZv /cal ipuol d^db- 
pievov. 

'Eirel Be Tavra elrre, iroXv irXeloves e^avtcrTavTO 30 
XiyovTes, &)? Beoi avTov dpy/eiv. 'Ayacrias Be Xtvjjl- 
cpdXtos elirev, otl yeXolov elrj, el ovtoo? eyoL, el 6p~ 
yiovvTai Aa/ceBaipibvioi ical.idv avvBeLirvoL o~vveX6bvTe<; 
pur) Aa/ceBaLpubviov avpuirocrLapyov aipaiVTaL. iirel el 
ovto) ye tovto eyei, ecprj, ovBe Xo^ayelv r)pZv e^eaTLV, 
ct>9 eoiicev, otl 'Ap/cdBes iap,ev. ivravOa Brj a)? ev 
elirbvTos tov 'Ayaalov dve6opv/3r}aav. teal 6 ^,evocj)cbv3i 
iirel ecopa irXeiovo<; ivBeov, irapeXOcov elirev, 'AXX\ w 
avBpes, ecf)7], CO? irdvv elBrJTe, bp^vvco vpXv &eov<$ irdvTa<$ 
/cal irdo-as, r) p,7]v iyco, iirel tt)v vpLerepav yvcopurjv r)a6a- 
vopLTjv, iQvbp/qv, el j3e\Ttov elrj vpuiv re i/aol iiTLTpeilrai 
TavTTjv tt)v dp^rjv Kal ipuol vTrocFTrjvaL • ical puoi ol &eol 
outo)? ev rot? lepois iaijpurjvav. ware Kal IBlcottjv dv^^^ 1 "^ 
yvcovaL, otl TavTrjs tt}? fiovap^la^ dire^eaOai pie Bel. 
ovto) Br] Xecplaocpov aipovvTai. XeLpiao<fio<> S' €7rel32 



156 xenophon's anabasis. 

rjpidrj, 7rapeX0o)v elirev, *AXX\ co avBpes, tovto fiev tare, 
on ovo av eycoye ecrracna^ov, ei aXXov etXeaoe' &evo- 
<pd)vra fiivroL, e(f)7], oovrjcrare ov% eXo/jbevov &>? Kal vvv 
Ae^nriros rjBr/ Bie/3aXXev avrov Trpo? 'Avatjifiiov 6, re 
iBvvaro Kal fjuaka ifiod avrov o~iydt,ovro<;. 6 3' e(f)7j 
vofil^ecv avrov Ti/jbaalcovo fidXXov awdpyeiv eQeXrjaai 
AapBavel ovn rod KXedpyov arparevfiaro^ rj eavroo 

33 Ad/cave ovn. eVel [xevroi e/xe eXXeaOe, e^rj, Kal eyoo 
TTeipdaojJbaL 6, n av Bvvoojxai vjjlcls dyadbv iroielv. Kal 
vjjLels ovrco rrapacr/cevd^eaOe 009 avpiov, lav irXods y, 
dva^6[ievoi' 6 Be 7rXod<$ earai eh Hpd/ckeiav dmav- 
ra? ovv Bel eKelcre rreipaaQai Karao-yelv ra K aXXa, 
irreiSdv eKelcre eXOco/xev, (BovXevaopLeOa. 

2 'EvredOev rfj vo-repaia dvayopbevoi irvev/iari eirXeov 

koXw rj/jbipas Bvo irapa yr)v. teal iraparrXeovre^ eOeoo- 
povv nqv re "lacoviav d/crrjV, evOa r) 'Apyoo Xeyerac 
op/JLLcraaOai, Kal roov rrorafioiv ra arofjiara, rrpwrov 
jjiev rod @eppLcio8ovro<;, erreira he rod "Iptos, errecra Be 
rod r/ AXvos, fierd Be rodrov rod IJapOeviov rodrov Be 
iraparrXevaavre^ d^tKovro eh HpdxXeiav, itoXlv r EX- 
XrjvlBa, Meyapecov o/koikov, ovaav 8' iv rfj Mapcav- 

2 Bvvcov yospa. Kal copjxccravro rrapa rfj AyepovaidBi 
Xeppovrjcrq), evOa Xiyerac 6 'Hpa/cXfjs eirl rbv Kep- 
j3epov fevva tcarafiijvai, y vvv ra o-rjfieca BeiKvvovcri 
t?}? /cara/3 dcrecos, rb (3d6o<$ irXeov rj eirl Bvo crrdBca. 

3 evradQa roh "EXXrjcriv 01 'HpaKXecorac %evia ire/jb- 
ttovctlv dX(f)irct)V jJLeBipbvovs rpiayiXiOv^ Kal ocvov Kepd- 
fita Bia^iXia Kal /3o0? ecKocn, Kal oh e/carov. evradQa 
Bid rod rreBLov pel irorapLos Avkos ovop,a, evpos co? Bvo 
irXe6pcov. 

4 01 Be crrpariwrai crvXXeyevres efiovXevovro rr)v 
Xoiirrjv iropelav rrbrepov Kara yr)v r) Kara BdXarrav 
%pr} rropevdrjvaL eK rod Tlovrov. dvacrrds Be Avkcov 
^Ayaibs elwe, ©avfJbd^co [iev, c5 avBpes, roov crrparr)yoov t 



BOOK VI. CHAP. II. 1 57 

ore ov ueipwvrai r)filv eKiropl^eiv aiT7]pecnov rd fiev 
yap %evia ov fir) yevrjrai, rfj arparca rptcov f/fiepcov 
criTia' - birbQev 8' eino'irio-dfievoL rropevaofieda ovic 
eariv, €(f>r}. ifiol ovv hoKel alrelv tou? 'HpaKXecora^ 
fir) eXarrov r) rpto-^CXiov^ kv^iktjvov^' aXXos 8' et7re 5 
fir) eXarrov rj fivplovs' Kal eXofievovs 7rpecr/3et? avrUa 
fjuaXa rifiwv KaOrjfievcov rrefnreiv 7rpo? rr)v ttoXlv, Kal 
elhevai o, re av dirayyeKKwcri, Kal irpos ravra /3ov- 
XeveaOac. evrevOev 7rpov/3dXXovro irpeo-jBei? irpwrov 6 
fiev Xecplaocpov, ore dpywv fjprjro, elal S' o't /cat Hevo- 
<p(bvra. ol he lo")(yp(b$ direfidyovro • dfufyolv 'yap ravra 
ihoKec fir) avcvy/cd^eiv ttoXlv 'EXXijvlha kal (ptXiav o, re 
fir) avrol edeXovres hiholev. eirel 8' ovroi ehoKovv 7 
dirpoOvfioi elvai, rrefiirovai AvKcova ' Ayatbv Kal KaX- 
Xlfiayov Uappdcuov Kal 'Ayaeriav XrvfifydXiov. ovtol 
ikdovres eXeyov ra hehoyfieva- rbv he AvKcova efyacrav 
Kal eir air euXelv, el fir) Troirjcrocev ravra. aKovaavres 8 
£' ol 'HpaKXecorai, (BovXevaeaOai e<f>acrav Kal evOvs 
rd re yjprffiara Ik t&v dypoov avvr)yov Kal rr)v dyopdv 
el'aco dveaKevacrav, Kal al rrvXao eKeKXetvro Kal errl 
rebv reiyjhv brrXa ecpalvero. 

'Ek rovrov ol rapd^avres ravra rovs arparriyovs 9 
rjnoovro hiafyOeipeuv rr)v irpa^tv Kal o~vvio~ravro ol 
^ApKahe? Kal ol ^Ayaioi' rrpoeuar^KeL he fidXuara av- 
rcov K.aXXifia'Xps re 6 Tlappdcrios Kal Avkcov 6 ' Ayaio<$. 
ol he Xbyoi r)crav avrocs, <&? ala^pbv ecr) dpyeiv eva 10 
' 'AOrjvalov UeXoirovviqalcov Kal AaKehacfiovtcov, firjhe- 
aiav hvvafiiv rrape^ofievov eh rr)v arpandv, Kal rovs 
nev ttovovs o-<f>a<s e^eiv, rd he Kephrj aXXovs, Kal ravra 
rr)v acorrfplav cr(f)(bv Kareipyaafiivcov elvai <ydp rovs 
Kareipyao-fievov? 'ApKahas Kal ' Ayaiovs, rb S' aXXo 
arparevfia ovhev elvai. Kal rjv he rfj dXrjOela virep 
rjfjbio-v rod oXov crrparevfiaros ^ApKahes Kal ^AyaioL 
€v ovv crco(f)povoLev ovroc, crvardvre<; Kal err par^y ov<; 11 



158 XENOPHOn's ANABASIS. 

kXojievoo eavrcov icaO* eavrovs av rrjv iropelav ttoloIvto 

12 kclI ireipcpvTO dyadov n Xa/ifidvecv. ravr eho^e • kcli 
aTToXnrovTe? Xetplcrocpov el nves rjaav Trap* avrS 
Ap/cdhes rf * AyaioX teal Bevocfcoovra crvvecrTrjcrav teal 
crTparrjyovs alpovvrai iavrcov hetca' tovtovs he eyjrr]- 
tyicravTO etc rrjs vt/ccocrrjs 6, n hoKolrj, tovto irocelv, 
7] [lev ovv rod iravrbs apyr\ Xecpcaocfxp evravda /care- 
Xv6rj rjfiepa etcrr) rj efihofir) ad) 979 ypedr). 

13 ttevo<fioov pbivroi efiovXero kowtj puer avrov rrjv 
iropelav iroielcjQai, vopul^cov ovtcds dcrcpaXearepov elvai 
rj Ihla eicaaTOV crreWecrdai, • dXXd Necov eireiQev avrov 
fcaO' avrov iropeveaQai, afcovaas rod Xeipiab^ov, on 
KXeavhpos 6 ev Bv^avrlq) dp/jLocrrrjs (pair) rpcijpeos eywv 

lirj^etv els KdXirr]s Xifieva' ottcos ovv firjheXs fMerdcryoc, 
dXX avroX zeal 01 avrcov arpan&rao etcirXevaeiav eiri 
rebv rpirjpcDV, hid ravra avvej3ovXeve. KaX Xeiplo-o- 
(f)os, djxa fjuev dOvpicov rots yeyevrj/ievocs, dfia he [liawv 
etc rovrov to crrpdrevpia, emrpeireo avru> iroielv 6, to 

15 (BovXerau. ftevo^wv he en [xev eireyelpr\crev diraX- 
XayeXs tt}? ar par ids eKirXevaai • S-vopbevcp he avra) ra> 
rjyefiovi 'HpatcXel real KOivovfxevcp, rrorepa Xwov KaX 
dfxeivov ei7] arpareveaOai eyovTi robs irapajielvavras 
tcov crrparicorcov r) aTraXXd,rrecr0ai, eo-r\pwr\vev 6 3-ebs 

16 rols lepols avarpareveaOai. ovrco ylyverao rb arpd- 
revpia Tpi^rj, ^ApKahes puev teal ^ AyaioX ifXelovs rj re- 
TpaKio-yjbhioi KaX .irevraKoaiOi, birXlrai irdvres, Xecpc- 
(7006) 8' birXlrai fjiev eh rerpaKoalovs teal %iXiovs, 
rreXraaraX he eh eirraKoalovs, ol KXedp%ov Spa tees, 
'Bevo<pcovri he OTrXlrai^jJiev eh eirraKoalovs /cal %iXlovs, 
nreXracrraX he eh rptaKoa lows' Ittttlkov he fiovos ovtos 
elyev, dfjb(f)X reTTapd/cGVTa L7r7reas. 

17 KaX ol jjuev 'Apfcdhe? hiaTrpa^dpievoi TrXoia irapa 
to)v 'Hpa/cXecoToov Trpcoroi, irXeovcnv, ottcds e^alcfrvrjs 
eiTiTTecrovTes rocs BoOvvols Xdfioiev on irXelara' KaX 



BOOK VI. CHAP. III. 159 

amoftaivovcnv eh KaXirr}^ Xiyukva Kara fiecrov 7tg)? t?}<? 
Opa/cr]?. XecpLcrcxfios S' evOvs dirb t?}? iroXews tgov 18 
* H pa/cXecDToov ap^dfievos ire^fj eiropevero Bia r?}? %c£- 
£>&? • enrel Be eh t?)i> Opafcrjv eveftaXe, irapd rrjv S-dXar- 
rav pec koX yap JjBtj rjadevei. aevocpcov Be TrXocald 
Xa(3aiv diroftaivei eirl ra opia ttjs Opdfcr]<; koX t?}? 
1 Hpa/cXeG)Ti,Bo<; icai Bia juLecroyalas eiropevero. 

*Ov [iev ovv rpbirov r\ re XeLpccrbtpov dp^r) rod 3 
Travrbs KCLTeXvOrj koX t&v r EXXi]vcov to crrpdrev/jLa 
ea-^lcrOri ev roh eirdvco elprjrai^] "Eirpa^av 6" avTciov 
e/cacrroi, rdBe. ol fjuev ^ApicdBes co? direfiTjaav vvjctos 2 
eh KdXirr}^ Xtfxeva, iropevovrai eh rds TrpcoTce? /cco/mas, 
araBia dirb QaXdrrT)? a>? rpidfcovTa. eirel Be <£&>? 
eyevero, rjyev efcacrros arpciTTjybs to avrov Aa^o? iirl 
Kcbfirjv birola Be fxel^wv eBoKet elvai avvBuo Ao^ol"? 
rjyov ol o-TpaT7]yoL o~vve(3d\ovTO Be icai Xocpov, eh bv 3 
Beou TTavras dXl^eaOac /ecu are e^aL<pvr)<; eTmrecrovTes 
dvBpaTroBd re iroXXa eXafiov koX 7rpoj3ara iroXXa ire- 
piefidXovTO. ol Be Opa/ces rjQpoiCpvro ol Biafyevyovres' 4 
woXXol Be Bce<pevyov 7reXrao-ral 6We? oTrAtVa? i% av- 
tcjv royv %etpcbv. eVel Be avveXeyrjcrav, Trpoorov fiev rS 
%p,ifcpr}TO<> X6%(p ei»09 rcov ^AptcdBcov arparyycov dirt- 
ovti rjBrj eh to crvy/ceifievov teal TroXXd ^pij/iara dyovri 
eiriTiQevTai. teal re&)? fiev epbdyovTo d/xa iropevbpuevoi 5 
ol "EXXrjves, eirl Be Bia/3do-eo %apdBpas TpeizovTai ah- 
tov<z, zeal ahrbv re rbv ^fii/cpTjTa diroKTivvvacn koX 
tovs aXXovs TrdvTas • aXXov Be Xc^ov rebv Be/ca crrpa- 
rrjywv rod 'HyrjcrdvBpov bfcrco [ibvovs KareXiTrov /cal 
auT09 'Hyrjo-avBpos eacodr]. icai ol dXXoi pblv Xo^ayol 6 
avvrjXOov ol [xev avv irpdyjmacnv ol Be avev irpayjjid- 
tcov ol Be @pa/ce? eirel evrv^aav tovto to evrv- 
XVf 101 ' o-vve/36cQV re aXA^Aov? koX avveXeyovro ippco- 

fjieVCOS T/}? VVKTOS. KoX CLfia l]\xkpCi KVfcX(p TTGfl TOV 

Xbefrov, evOa ol "EXXrjves earparoTreBevovTO, erdrrovro 



160 XENOPHON S ANABASIS. 

/cal lirTrels woXXol kclI irekTacrral, /cal del ifkeioves 

7 crweppeov /cal irpoaefBaXXov irpbs tovs oirXlras dacpa- 
Xcos • ol piev yap "EXXqves ovre to^ottjv el^pv ovre 
aKOVTKJTTjv ovre lirirea ■ ol he 7rpocr6eovres /cal irpocre- 
Xavvovres rjKOVTi^ov 6it6t6 he avrois eirioiev, pahicos 

8 direcpevyov dXXot he aXXy eireriQevTO. /cal tcov puev 
iroXXol eriTpcocncovTO, tcov Be ovhels' ware tavr)6i)vcu, 
ov/c ehvvavTO etc rod ^copiov, dXXa TeXevTcovTes /cal 

9 anro tov vhaTos elpyov ai/TOvs ol @pa/ces. iirel he 
diropia iroXXr) r)v, hieXeyovTO irepl crirovhcov /cal ra 
jiev dXXa cbfioXoyrjTO avTols, opur^povs he ov/c ehihocrav 
ol Spa/ces alrovvrcov tcov ' EXXijvcov, dXX iv tovtco 
la^ero. ra puev hr) tcov ' 'Ap/cdhcov ovtcos et^e. 

10 Xecplcrocpos he dcrcpaXcos Tropevoptevos nrapd QaXar- 
rav dcpt/cveiTCU eh KdXirrjs Xipueva. tlevocpcovTi he hid 
ttjs puecroyaias iropevopbevco ol lirirels irpo/caTaQeovTes 
evTvyydvovcn 7rpearj3vTCU<$ iropevopbevots iroi. /ecu eVel 
r\yQi)(jav irapd Zevocpcovra, epcora avTovs, el irov 

11 f\Q-Qr\vTai ciXXov aTpaTevpuaros ovtos 'EXXtjvi/cov. ol 
he eXeyov irdvra tcl yeyevrjpieva, /ecu vvv ore nroXiop- 
kovvtcli e7rl Xocpov, ol he Opa/ces irdvTes irepuce/cvKXco- 
fjuevoi elev avTovs. evTavOa tovs fiev dvQ pcoTrovs rov- 
tovs icpiiXarrev IcT^vpcos, oitcos rjyepioves elev oitoi heot,' 
ct/cottovs he /caraaro]o-a<; avveXe^e tovs err par cobras /cal 

12 eXe^ev, 'Avhpes arparicoTai, tcov 'Ap/cdhcov ol puev 
redvacTLv, ol he XolttoI eirl Xocpov tlvos TrdXiop/covvrai. 
vopLL^co S' eycoye, el e/celvoL diroXovvrai, ovV rjpZv elvai 
ovhepuiav acoTTjplav, ovrco piev 7ToXXcov ovtcov TroXepLtcov, 

13 ovtco he Tedapprjtcorcov. /cpdrccrTOV ovv 7)p2v cos ^dyi- 
ara ftorjdelv tols dvhpdauv, oircos, el en elal ctcool, ctvv 
e/celvots fiasco fie9 a /cal pJ] puovoi XeifyOevres p^bvoi ica\ 

14 KLvhvvevcopLev. vvv piev ovv o-TparoirehevcrcbpieOa irpoeX-' 
Oovres ocrov dv ho/cPj icaipbs elvac els to heiTrvoiroiel- 
Q-6ai' ecos h' dv iropevcbpLeOa, TipiacrLcov eywv tovs 



BOOK VI. CHAP. III. 161 

linrels irpoekavverco i(f)opcbv rjpuds, /cal a/coireiTco ra 
eparpoaOev, &)9 p,rjhev r/fia$ Xd0rj. irapeirepL^e he /cal 15 
tojv yupvrjTcov dvOpdoTrovs ev^covovs els tcc irXdyia /cal 
els ra drcpa, ottcds, el irov tl iroOev tcaOopcpev, criqpal- 
vocev e/ceXeve he tcaieiv diravra orw evTvyydvoiev /cau- 
aificp ' 7jp,eis yap dirohpatrjpiev dv ouhapuol evQevhe. 
ttoXXtj fiev yap, e<pr), els t Hpd/cXeiav irtiXiv dirievai, 16 
7toWt] he els Xpvao7ro\cv hceXOelv ol he iroXepuou 
irXrialov els KdX7rrjs he Xtpueva, evda Xeiplaofpov el- 
icd^opuev elvat, el aeacoarac, eXa%io~Tr) ohos. dXXd hrj 
i/cel fiev ovre irXola ecrnv, ols diroirXevaoypbeOa, puevovat 
he avrou ovhe puds rjpiepas earo rd eTrcTrjheca. toiv he 17 
iroXtopKovpbevwv diroXopLevcov <jvv toIs Xeipcaocfxiv pt,6- 
vois /cd/ctov ean hia/civhvveveiv r) Tcovhe crwOevTwv 
irdvTas els tclvtov eXOovTas /cocvfj ttjs crcDTrjpias e^e- 
o~6at. dXXd %pr) TrapaatcevacrapLevovs ttjv yvd>pLrjv 
iropeveadau, d>s vvv rj ev/cXecos TeXeuTrjaat earcv rj 
KaXXiGTOv epyov epydaacrQai "EXXrjvas toctovtovs 
acocravTas. /cal 6 Qebs tacos dyei ovtcos, 09 tovs pueya- 18 
XrjyoprjcravTas C09 irXeov (ppovovvTas Taireivojorab /3ov- 
Xercu, r)pid<; he tovs dirb &ewv dp^opuevovs evrcpiOTe- 
' povs e/celvcov Karao-Tr/crai. dXX* eireadau ^prj /cal 
irpoae^etv tov vovv, d>s dv to irapayyeXXopuevov huvrj- 
crde iTOielv. 

Tuvt elircov r)yetTO. ol h' lirireis hiao~Treipbp,evoi 19 
e^>' b'crov /caXcos el^ev e/caiov y ejBdhi^ov, ical ol ireXTa- 
o~Tal eirarapiovTes Kara Ta d/cpa eicaiov irdvTa ocra 
KavaipLCL ecbpcov, /cal r) GTpouTid he, €i tivi TrapaXenvo- 
pLevcp evTvyydvoiev ' cocrTe irdaa r) yd>pa aWeaOai eho- 
Kei teal to GTpdTevpLa, 7roXv elvat. eirel he copa r)v, 20 
KaTecrT paTOirehevcravTO eiri Xocf)ov eicfidvTes, /cal Ta Te 
T(bv TToXepulcov Trvpd ecopcov, dizelyov he o>9 TeTTapd- 
KOVTa GTahtovs, ical avTol 0)9 ehvvavTO irXelcrTa irvpd 
eicaiov. eirel he ehelirvrjaav Ta^iaTa, iraprjyyeXdr] Ta 21 



162 xen-ophon's. anabasis. 

7rvpa KaTacrfievvvvai, iravra. /cat ttjv fiev vv/cra <f)V' 
Xafcas iTOL^ordixevoi eKaOevBov • d/xa Be rrj yftepa irpoa- 
ev^dp.evoi rot? $eot? Kal o-WTa^d/xevoc &>? els f^dyTjv 

22 iiropevovTO y eBvvavTO rd^Ldra. Tc/xacrLcov Be Kal ol 
t7T7ret? evoz^re? tov<; qye/xova? Kal irpoekavvovres ekdv- 
Qavov avTOvs eirl ra> \6<pG) yevofievoi, evQa eVoAxop- 
kovvto ol r/ EXk7]ve$. Kal ov% opwcriv ovre <f)l\iov 
GTpdTevjJLa ovre TroXefMov, Kal ravra dirayyeKKovau 
7rpo? tov &evo<p(ovTa Kal to crrpdrevpLa, ypdBca Be Kal 
yepovTia Kal 7rp6/3ara oXtya Kal /3ovs KaTaXeXeipu- 

23 pL€vov<$. Kal to p,ev irpoiTov ^avpua t}v, tl ecrj to <yeye- 
vijfievov, €7T€LTa Be kol t6)V KaTaXeXeL/jL/ievcov eirvvOd- 
vovto, oti ol fiev @pa/ces ev6v$ d(j) ecrirepas w^ovto 
diviovTes, ecoOev Be /cal tovs ° EXkrjvas ecfracrav ot%e- 
crOau • oitov Be, ' ov/c elBevai. 

24 TavTa aKovaavTes ol afi<J)l RevocficovTa, eirel r)pL- 
aTTjcrav, crvaKevaad/JLevoL eiropevovTO, j3ov\6p,evoL a>? 
TayicrTa crvfifil^ao tols dWoLS eh K.dXiT7}s "kifieva. 
Kal iropevopbevoi ecopcov tov cttl/Sov tcov 'Ap/cdhwv /cal 
* Ayaiwv /card ttjv eirl KaXirrj^ 6B6v. eirel Be d<fii/covTO 
els to avTO, dcrfievol Te elBov dXkrj\ov$ /cal rjaird^ovTO 

25 wairep dBe\<fcov$. /cal eirvvOdvovTO ol 'Ap/cdSes tS)V ' 
irepl aevocpcovTa, tl Ta nrvpd KaTaa^eaeuav' r)p,e2$ fiev 
ydp, ecfracrav, (popueOa vfias to puev 7rpwTov, eiretBrj to, 
Trvpd ov% ecopcopLev, ttjs vvktos rfeeiv eirl Tovs+roXe- 
fjLLovs* /cal ol TroXepuoL Be, C09 ye 7]pXv IBokovv, tovto 
Belo-avTes aTrrjKOov cr^eBov yap dfi<$>l tovtov tov 

2G yj)ovov diryecrav. enrel Be ov/c d(f)ifcecr6e, 6 Be %p6vo$ 
e^rj/cev, cpopueOa vp,d<$ irvOopuevovs Ta Trap ^pZv <fio/37]- 
QevTas olyeaOai diroBpdvTas eirl 3-dXaTTav Kal eB6/ce& 
rjfilv fjLT] diroXiireaOaL v/xcov. ovtcds ovv Kal rjfiels 
Bevpo eiropevOrjiiev. 

4 TavT7]v pbev ovv tt)V rjfiepav avTod tjvXl^ovto e7rl 

tov alyuaXov 7rpbs t&> Xtpuevi. to Be ywpiov tovto, b 



BOOK VI. CHAP. IV. 163 

KaXeirai KdXirTi^ Xifirjv, earo piev iv rfj Opa/crj rfj iv 
ttj 'Acrici' ap^afjuevr) Be rj ©pa/crj avrrj iarlv dirb tov 
o-TOfiaros tov IIovtov p^eyjpi 'Hpa/cXeias iirl Bc^td eh 
tov IIovtov elcrirXeovTt. kcu rprfpet puev eo-rcv eh 2 
'HpdfcXeLciv etc Bv^avrlov koottcus rj/jbipa^ /JLciXa \xatcpas 
7rXov<;' ev Be tco p>eo~(o ahXr} puev 7roX-t? ovBepLta ovre 
fyiXia ovre 'EXXrjvh, dXXd @pa/ce<; BiOvvot' kcu 01)? 
av Xd^coat tcov 'EXXtfvcov rj eKiriirTOvras rj aXXcos 7T&J? 
Betvd vftpi^eiv XeyovTac toi>? "EXXtjvcis. 6 Be Kakiriys 3 
Xipurjv ev fJbeaw puev KetTcu e/carepcodev irXeovTCiov e'£ 
c Hpa/c\eias kcu Bv^avriov, ecrro 6" ev rfj QaXaTTTj 
TrpofceLfievov ywpiov, to fxev eh tt)v SdXarrav rcadfj/cov 
avTou irerpa diroppco^, injro? 07777 eXd^icrrov ov puetov 
eLKOcriv opyviwv, 6 Be abyjqv 6 eh tt)v y?]V dvij/ccov tov 
%copLOV [JbdXicrTa TeTTapcov irXeOpwv to evpo?' to 6° 
evTos tov av")(evo<$ ywpiov Ikcvvqv fivpiocs dv6pd>7roi<$ 
olfcrjcrcu. Xifirjv S' vtt avTjj ttj ireTpa to irpbs eaire- 4 
pav alyiaXfiv e^cov. fcpijvrj Be yBeos vBcitos kcu d<p6o- 
vos peovcra iir avTy tjj QaXaTTr) vtto ttj inriKpaTeia 
tov ^coplov. tjvXa Be 7roXXd puev real aXXa, irdvv Be 
7roXXd kol KaXd vav7T7)yr)cnpLa iir avTrj tjj QaXaTTy. 
to Be opos to ev tw Xip^evi eh fiecrbyaiav puev dvrjtcet, 5 
baov eVl eiKocrc (ttclBiovs, kcu tovto <yecoSe? kol aXc- 
Oov to Be Trapq^&dXaTTCiv irXeov 7) eirl eiKoai gtcl- 
Blovs Bacrv 7toAao£? kcu iravToBairoh kcu pueydXois 
%vXoi<;. 7] Be aKXt] yd>pcu kcCXtj kcu iroXXij, kcu Kcopucu 6 
ev avTrj elcri 7roXXcu kcu ev ol/covfievac <pepei yap 7) 
yy) /ecu /cpidds koX 7rvpov<; /ecu oairpici irdvTCL kcu fieXl- 
va$ kcu crrjo-a[ia kcu crvica dpKovvTa kcu dpLTreXovs 
iroXXds kcu rjBvoivovs kcu TaXXci irdvTa irXrjv eXcucov. 
7) jjbev yoapct rjv TOtavTT]. eaKr\vovv Be ev ro3 alycaXa) 7 
7rpo9 Trj QaXuTTTj' eh Be to nT6Xaj[ia dv yevo/xevov 
ovk e/3ovXovTO aTpaTOireBeveaOai, dXXd iBoKec kol to 
eX6elv evTCivOa e£ i7Tij3ovXr)<> elvcu, fiovXofjLevcov tlvcov 



164 XENOPHOX'S ANABASIS. 

5 KCL70LKl(7aL TTOklV. TCOV yap (TTpaTLCOTCOV Oi 7rXeL(jT0l 

i]crav ou crrrdvec fiiov eKirerrXevKores irrl ravrrjv ttjv 
pccrOocbopdv, dWa ri]v Kvpov aperijv a/covovres, ol fiev 
teal dvCpa<$ dyovres, ol ce koX rrpocravrfKwKore^ XP 7 1~ 
para, Kal rovrojv erepoi dirooeopaKores irarepa^ Kal 
prjrepa^, ol Ce Kal re/cva KaraXiirovres co? ypijpLar 
avrois KrrjcrdpevoL i]£ovres rrdXcv, aKOVOvres Kal robs 
dWov? rov$ rrapd Kvpcp TroWd Kal dyadd rrpdrreiv. 
tolovtol ovv 6We? eirodovv ei? ttjv ' EXkdBa aco^ecrOai. 

9 'Ettelc?] Ce vcrrepa rj/xepa eyevero t?;? et? ravrbv 
crvvoCov, ear i^oCoj eOvero tievocbcbv dvdytcr) yap r\v 
errl rd imrrjCeia e^dyecv eirevoei Be Kal robs veKpovs 
Qdirretv. errel Be rd lepd KaXd eyevero, elirovro Kal 
ol 'ApKaCes, Kal robs pev veKpobs robs ifXelcrrovs ev- 
Oarrep errecrov eKacrrovs eOa-^rav 77877 yap rjcrav rrepb- 
rrraloi Kal ov)/ olbv re dvaipelv en tjv evlovs he robs 
Ik row ocojv crvveveyKovres eda-^rav Ik row virapyovrwv 
co? ecvvavro KaXkucrra' ovs Ce p,r) evpicrKov] Kevord^iov 

10 avroii eTrolrjcrav peya, Kal o~recj)dvovs erreQecrav. ravra 
Be TTOLrjaavres dveydpriGav irrl rb arparoireBov. Kal 
rbre puev Benrvqcravres eKOLprfdrjcrav. rfj he vcrrepaia 
crvvf]\6ov ol crrparcwrai rrdvres' o~vvr\ye he pbdXicrra 
"Ayacrias [re] Xrvp<bd\ios Xo^aybs Kal 'Iepcovvpios 
'HXelos Xoyayos Kal [ol] dXXoi ol nrpecrfivraroi roiv 

11 ' ApKaccov. Kal Coy pa eironqcravro, eav rts rov Xolitov 
pLvrjarOf) oiya rb crrpdrevp,a rroielv, Qavdro? avrbv £77- 
piovaOoii, Kal Kara ydypav dmevai yrrep rrpoaOev elye 
rb arpdrevpa Kal dpyeiv rov? rrpocrvev crrparrjyovs. 
Kal Xetplao(pos p.ev 77877 rereXevrr\Kei cfcdppaKov mcov 
TTvperrwv rd 8' Ikclvov Neant ^Aaivalos rrapeXafie. 

12 Merd Be ravra dvacrrds elire 'Bevocpow, 'f2 dvopes 
crrpariwrai, rrjv puev rropeiav, o>? eoiKe, BtjXov ore 7re^fj 
7TOL7]reop' 011 yap earo rr\ola' dvdyKT) Be rropeveaQai 
77877 • ov yap ear 1* pevovcri rd e-rirriBeia. 77/zet? fiev 



BOOK VI. CHAP. IV. 165 

ovv, €(f)i], QvcrofieOa' u/xa? he hei irapacnceva^ecrOai a>? 
[ia~)(ovfi6vovs el irore teal dXXoTe* ol yap rroXefxiob 
avareOapprjicacnv. etc tovtov IOvovto ol crrpar^yol, 13 
[A&VTLS he irapr)v 'Aprj^lcov Ap/cd?' o Be ZiXavbs 6 
'A/uLjSpafctcoTrjs rjhrj dirohebpaKei irXolov /xicrOcocrdfievo^ 
eg Mpa/cXeias. tivofievois be eiri ry acpooq) ovk eyi- 
yvero rd lepd. TavTrjv fiev ovv tjjv rj/iepav eiravaavTO. 14 
Kai rives eroXficov Xeyeuv, a>? o gevocpcbv {3ovX6fMevo<; 
to ywpiov OLKLcrao ireireiKe tov fidvTiv Xeyeiv, 009 rd 
lepd ov ylyveTai eirl d<f)6bq). evrevOev Krjpu^as ry 15 
avpiov irapelvai eirl tt)v Svaiav tov /3ovXo/xevov, Kai, 
[jLavrLS el rt? elr], 7rapayyeiXa<; irapeivai C09 crvvOea- 
aojjievov rd lepd, eOve' Kai evravOa Traprjcrav 7roXXol. 
S-vofxevcov he rrdXiv et? Tpl? eirl ttj d(pohcp ov/c eylyvero 16 
rd lepd. etc tovtov ^aXeirco^ eiyov ol GTpaTiwTai' 
Kai yap Ta eiriTrjbeia eTrekiirev, a e^ovTes r)X6ov, Kai 
dyopa ovbefiia Trapr)v. 

'Etc tovtov %vveX66vTWV elire irdXiv aevocpcjv, *S2 17 
avhpes, eVl fiev Trj iropeia, &>? opaTe, Ta lepd ovttcd 
ylyveTai' twv 8' eTriTrjhelcov opco vfias heofiivovs' 
dvdyKTj ovv fioi boKel elvac QvecrOai irepl avTov tovtov. 
dvao~Ta<$ be Tt9 eiire, Kai eiKOTCos dpa rjfilv ov ylyveTai 18 
Ta lepd' &)? yap eyed drrb tov avTOfxaTov %#e? tjkovtos 
ttXolov i]Kovad tivos oti KXeavhpos 6 Ik Bv^avTiov 
dpfjLoo-Tr)s /xeXXet, ij^eiv irXola Kai Tpirjpeis eyjsv. Ik 19 
tovtov he dva/ieveiv fiev irdaiv ehoKei' eirl he Ta eiri- 
Trjbeia dvdyKTj rjv e^ievai' Kai eirl tovtw ttcCKiv eOveTO 
eh Tpk, Kai ovk eylyveTO Ta lepd. Kai rjhrj Kai eVt 
o-Kijvrjv lovTes tijv ttevocpoovTos eXeyov, oti ovk eyoiev 
Ta eiriTiqbeia. 8 ovk dv ecfirj e^ayayeiv fir) yiyvo- 
fievcov tcov lepcov. 

Kai irdXiv ttj vcrTepala eOveTO, Kai o-%ebov tl 7rdcra20 
r) crTpaTca hid to fieXetv diraaiv eKVKXovvTo rrepl Ta 
lepd' to, he Sv/iaTa eTriXeXoLirei. ol he crTpaTTjyol 



166 xenophon's anabasis. • 

21 i^rjyov puev ov, crvvezedXecrav Be. etirev ovv lievocpcov, 
"lows ol TrdXe/jLLOL avveiXeyfievoi elal zeal dydyzerj ftdye- 
g-Qcll. el ovv zearaXiirovTes ra azeevrj ev tco epvfivco 
ycaplco &>9 eh pbdyjqv nrapecrieevacTiievoL Xoi^ev, ictcds av 

22 rd lepa [idXkov Trpo^copolrj rjfuv. dzeovcravTe? S' ol 
arparccorai dvezepayov, co? ovBev Beov eh to yozplov 
dyeiv y dWd 3-vecr6ai &>? rd^cara. zeal 7rp6/3ara fiev 
ovzeeri rjv, /3o{>9 Be virb dfid^Tjs irpidfievou eOvovTO' 
zeal 'Bevocpcov K\edvopo$ eBer]6r) rod ^ApzcdBos irpodv- 
IxelcrOai, el tl ev tovtco elr). aW* ovB* o>? iyevero. 

23 Necov Be r)v fiev crTparrfybs Kara to Xetpiaocpov 
fiepo<$, eirel he ecopa tov$ dv0pco7rov<; cb<; el^ov Beivcos 
ttj evBela, /3ov\6jll€Vos avrols yapC^ecrQai, evpcov tivcl 
avOpcoirov r Hpaze\ecorrjv } o? ecprj zecofias 6777)9 elBevai, 
66ev etrj Kafielv tcl eTTLTTjBeia, eKijpv^e tov fiovkofievov 
levai eirl tcl eirLrrjBeLa co? rjyefiovos ecrofievov. e£ep- 
yovTCui Br) gvv BoparioLt zeal dcrzeoh teal QvkdzeoL? zeau 

24 aXkoi<$ dyyeioLS eh Bict^iXlov; dvdpcoirov^. e7rei8r) Be 
rjorav ev Tah zecofiaL^ /cal BtecnTeipovTO co? eirl to \afi- 
fidvetv, eTrnr'vTTTOvaiv avToh ol <I>apva/3d%ov lirTreh 
nrpoiTOL' fie[3or)6r)zc6Te<$ yap rjcrav Toh Bl6vvol<;, (3ov- 
XofievoL crvv Toh -BlOvvols, el Bvvcllvto, dirozccoKvcrab 
tov? r/ EXkr)vas fir) eXOelv eh tt)v Qpvyiav ovtol ol 

MV <£■*<*? lirireh dirozcTeivovcri tcov dvBpcov ov fielov irevTQKO- 

25 glov?' ol Be XolitoI eirl to opo? dvecfivyov. eze tovtov 
dirayyeXkei Tt? ravTa tcov diroirefyevyoTcov eh to 
cTTpaTQireBov. zeal Bevocpcov, e7reiBr) ovze iyeyevrjro to, 
lepa Tavrr) rfj r)fiepa, \a{3cov jSovv virb dfid^rjs, ov yap 
r)v aXXa lepela, crcpayiaadfievo? ifiorjOei zeal ol aWoi 

26 ol fieyjpb TpidtcovTa ercov diravTe^. zeal dva\a(S6vTe<; 
tov<$ \017rovs avBpa$ eh to cTTparoireBov dcfuzevovvTat,. 
zeal r)Br) fiev djjbfyl rfklov Bvo-fias r)v zeal ol "EWrjve? 
AtaV aOvjJLCDs eyovTes eBeiirvoTroiovvTO, zeal e^airivr\^ 
Bux tcov Xacrlcov tcov BcOvvcov Tives eiriyevbyuevoi Toh 



BOOK VI. CHAP. IV. V. 167 

irpocpvka^L tou? fiev Kareicavov tovs Be eBlco^av /^e^pi 
64? to (TTparoirehov. KaX Kpavyr)<; yevo/ievr)^ eh tcl 27 
oirXa 7rdvT€<; eBpa/iov ol "EWrjves' KaX Blcokclv fiev 
KaX Kivelv to arparoirehov vvktos ovk dcrcpaXes e'So/cet 
elvaL' Baaea yap rjv tcl ywpia' ev Be rot? OTrXot? 
evvKTepevov cpvXaTTo/jLevoL itcavols cpvXatjL. 

Tr)v jiev vvktcl ovtco Scrjyayov apa Be ry rj/juepa 5 
ol arparyyol eh to epv/ivov ycopiov r)yovvTO' ol Be 
eiirovTO dvaXajBovTes tcl oifka teal tcl o-fcevr). nrplv Se 
apiGTOV copav elvaL anreTafypevaav f/ r) eiaoBos r)v eh 
to ywpiov, kcli direcTavpcoarav dirav, KaTcxKLirbvTe^ 
Tpeh ttvXcls. KaX ifkolov e£ 'Hpa/cketas rj/cev aXcpLTa 
ayov KaX lepela KaX olvov. it pan S' dvacrTa^ tlevocpcov 2 
iOveTO eire^oBLa, kcli ylyveTCLL tcl lepd eirX tov irpcoTOV 
lepeiov. KaX tjBt) tcXo? eyovTcov tcov lepcov opa deTov 
alcrLov 6 [JLavTLS *Aprj%Lcov IlappdcrLos, KaX r)ye2cr6aL 
KeXeveL tov &evocpcovTa. KaX Biaj3avTe<$ ttjv Tacfypov 3 
tcl oirXa TiOevTaL, KaX eKrjpv^av apLGTiqaavTas efyevai 

TOL>? CTTpaTLGQTaS CTVV Toh birXoLS, tov Be 8)(\ov KaX TO, 

avBpdiroBa avTov KaTaXiirelv. ol puev Br) dXXoL irdvTes 4 
efyjecrav, Necov Be ov m eSoKeL yap koXXlcttov elvaL tov- 
tov cpvXaKa KaTaXLirelv tcov eirX crTpaToireBov. eireX 
B 1 ol XoyayoX KaX ol CTpaTLcoTaL currekLirov aitTovs, 
alcrxyvopbevoL fir) ecpeTrecrOaL tcov dXXcov e^LovTcov, KaTe- 
Xlttov avTov tou? virep irevTe KaX TeTTapaKOVTa eTij. 
KaX ovtol {lev efievov, ol S* aXXoL eiropevovTO. irplv Be 5 
TrevTeKatBeKa crTaBLa SLeXrfkvOevaL everrvyov rjSr) ve- 
Kpoh' KaX tt)v ovpav tov KepaTos 7roLr)crdfievoL KaTa 
tovs irpcoTOV? cpavevTas veKpovs eOaiTTOV irdvTas, otto- 
covs iireXd/i^ave to Kepas. eireX Be tovs irpcoTOVs 6 
Wa-tyav, TrpoayayovTe? KaX tt)v ovpav av6L<; TroLrjcrd- 
fievoL KaTa tov<$ nrptoTovs tcov drdcpcov eOairTOV tov 
avTov TpoTrov ottoctovs i7Te\d/jLJ3avev r) cTTpaTid. eireX 
Be eh tv.v 6Bov y/cov tijv Ik tcov kcojjlcov, evda ckclvto 
ddpooL, aweveyicovTes avTov? edatyav. 



168 xenophon's anabasis. 

7 "Hhr) he irepa fiecrovcr7]s ttjs rj/iepa^ Trpoayayovre? 
to o-rpdrev/jLa e^co twv kw\xwv ekd\±$avov rd eirirrj- 
heia, o, ti tl<z opcpr) eWo9 jr}? (f)d\ayyos, Kal e%ai<pvr,s 
opcbcro Toi)$ Tro\efJLiov<$ virep(3dXkovTas Kara \6<fiovs 
Tivas i/c rod ivavrlov, Teray/jLevovs eirl cf>d\ayyos, 

8 hvirea^ re iroXXovs Kal nre^ovs' teal yap X'TTi6pihdT7]<; 
Kal *Pa0LV7]$ rj/cov irapd <J?apva/3d£ov e^oz^Te? ttjv hv- 
vafjbiv. eirel he /carelSov tovs ff EX\,7)vas ol 7ro\ifjLCoc, 
earrjerav a7re^o^re? avrcbv ocrov irevTeKalheKa crTahtov^. 
i/c tovtov ev0i)<; 6 ^Aprj^lwv 6 fidvrts twv K EXkrjVoov 
(Kpayid^eraL, Kal iyevero iirl tov irpcoTOV KaXa rd 

9 crcpdyLa. evQa hrj 'Bevocpcov Xeyec, AoKel jjlol, co avhpes 
(TTpaTTjyoi, eTTcrd^aorOao rfj <pd\ayyt \6^ou9 (fivXaKas, 
%va, dv irov Siy, tocriv ol iirifiorjOrjcrovTes ttj <pd\ayyi 
Kal ol iroXifMioo rerapayfievoc i^iriiTTWcriv el<$ rera- 

10 y/ievovs Kal aKepaiovs. avvehoKei ravra iracriv. *TjJLel<$ 
[lev TOiVWy €(pr], nrporiyeiaOe ttjv irpbs 7-01)9 evavriovs, 
o>9 fir) eaTTjKcofiev, iirel axpdrjfiev Kal etho/iev roi><; 
7to\€/jLlov<; ' iyco he rj^co TOU9 Tekevracovs Xo^ovs Kara- 

11 ywpiGas yirep vjjXv hofcet. Ik tovtov ol fiev iqavyoi 
irporjyov, 6 he Tpecs d(f>e\a)V t»9 Te\evTaia$ Ta^eis dvd 
htaKoaLOVs dvhpas tt)V /aev iirl to he^ibv iireTpe^ev 
i^eireaOai diroXiirovTas C09 irXeOpov ^a/ioXas 'A)(aib<> 
TavT7)$ r)px e T V^ Tdt;ecD<;' tt)v 6" iirl tS f^eaw iyapicrev 
eireaOav Uvpplas 'ApKa? TavT7]$ ypx 6 ' T V V Se ptav 
iirl to) evcovvpiW' <&pacrLa<$ ' A6n]valo^ TavTy i<f>eio-Trj- 

12 K6i. irpoiovTes he, eirel eyevovTO ol rjyovfjuevoL eirl 
vdirei [leydXw Kal hvairopq), ecrTrjaav dyvoovvTes, el 
hiafiaTeov ecr) to vdiro^. Kal irapeyyvwai, <TTpaT7)yov$ 

13 Kal \o%ayovs Tzapikvai eirl to r)yovjj,evov. Kal 6 aevo- 
cf)(x)v ^avfjidaa^, o, ti to Icrypv elrj ttjv Tropeiav, kol 
Tavy aKovcov ttjv irapeyyvrjv ekavvei rj eSvvaTO Toyi- 
GTa. eirel he avvr]K.Qov % \eyei Xo$alveTO<$ irpeafiv- 
t«to9 gov tcov o-TpaT7)ycov, oTi /3ouX^9 ovk d^tov ecr], 



BOOK VI. CHAP. V. 169 

el Siapareov iarl tolovtov ov to vdiro^. fcal 6 aevo- 14 
(f>cov (TTrovhf) vTroXaftoov eXe^ev, *A\X tare fiev fie, Sj 
civhpes, ovheva 7rco /clvhvvov irpo^ev^cravTa hfiiv eOeXov- 
aiov ov yap hb%r}<; bpco heofievovs vfia<; eh dvhpeio- 
rrjra, dWd crcDTTfpias. vvv he ovrcos e^ei* dfia^el fiev 15 
evQevhe ov/c eo~Tiv direXOelv rjv yap fir) r)fiei<$ icofiev 
eVl tou? TroXefjLiovs, ovtoi r)fuv, biroTav d7TLC0/iev, e-yjrov- 
tclc koX eimreaovvTai. 6 pare hi], iroTepov /cpelrrov 16 
levai eirl tovs civhpas TrpofiaWofievov? ret, oifka rj 
fieTafiaXkofievovs oiricrOev r)ficov eiribvTas row? iroXe- 
fiiovs Seaadai. care <ye fievTOi, otl to fiev dirievai 17 
euro iroXefilcov ovhevl /ca\S eoitce, to he e<pe7reo~6cu teal 
tol$ /catCLOcri Qdppos ifuroiei. iya) yovv rfhiov av crvv 
r)fJLiaecriv €7roL/jur}v i) crvv hnfkacrLOis airoywpoiriv. icai 

TOVTOVS olh' OTl eTTlOVTOSV flkv 'ifflWV ovh' VfieiS i\7TL- 

^exe clvtovs he^aaOai jffids, clttiovtcov he ir&VTes eiri- 
crTafieOa, OTi ToXfirjcrovcriv efykirecrQai. to he hiaftdvTas 18 
oiricrOev vdiros yaXeirbv 7roirjcracr0ai fieXkovTas fidye- 
crOai ap ov^l kclX dpirdcrai d^iov ; rot? fiev yap iroXe- 
fiiois eyeb j3ov\oi{ir)v av eviropa irdvTa cfiaivecrOai cbcrTe 
diroyiopelv r)fid<$ he nai dirb tov ywpiov hei hihdcrice- 
adai, OTi ovk ecrTi fir) vi/ccocri acoTrjpia. Qavfidfa 8' 19 
eycoye /cal to vdiro^ tovto el Tt? fiaXkov (pofiepbv 
vofjbl^ei elvai tcov aWcov &v hiaireTropevfieQa %copicov. 
7TW? fiev yap hiafiaTov to Trehiov, el fir) viKiqaofiev tou? 
t7T7rea? ; 7rco? he a hiekrfkvOafiev opt], rjv ireXTaaTal 
Toaoihe etyeircdVTai ; i)v he hr) koi crcoOcbfiev eirl $a\ar- 20 
Tav, irbcrov ti vdiros b IIovtos ; ev6a ovTe ifkola eaTi 
Ta dird^ovTa ovTe crtro?, c5 Qpe-tybiieOa fievovTes, herjcrei 
he, rjv QaTTOV etcei yevcofieda, QZittov irdXiv e^ievai 
eirl Ta eiTiTrjheia. ovkovv vvv fcpeiTTOV r)pi(TTr}K,bTa<$2\ 
fid")(ea6ai rj aupiov dvapio~TOVS. avhpes, Ta re lepa 
fjfilv KaXa oi re olcovol aiaioi Ta Te atydyia icdXkicrTa' 
tcofiev eirl tovs avhpas. ov hei e.Ti tovtovs, eirel r)fxa<$ 

8 



170 xekophon's anabasis. 

rrdvrco^ elBov, rjBecos Becirvrjaai ovB* oirov av BeXcocrt 
crKrjvrjaaL. 

22 'EvrevOev ol Xoyayol rjyeladai i/ciXevov, teal ovBelq 
dvreXeye. teal o? rjyelro, nrapayyeiXas Biafiaiveiv y 
e/cacrros ervyyave rod vdirovs cov Bdrrov yap dOpoov 
eBoteei av ovrco rrepav yeveaOat to arpdrev/j^a i) el 
Kara rr)v ye<^vpav, r) errl tc3 vdizei r)v, e%ep,r)pvovTO. 

23 eirel Be Bie{3r)crav, rrapioav irapd tt)v (pdXayya eXeyev, 
"AvBpes, dvafjUfjLvrjcnc€o-06 ocras Br) [xdya^ critv rols $eot? 
ojAocre lovres veviterjteare /cal ola rrdcryovcnv ol TroXe- 
filovs cpevyovres, teal rovro evvofjaare, ore eirl ral<; 

24 S-vpaL<; rr)s 'EXXdBo? eapuev. dXX erreaOe r)yep,6vc ray 
'Hpa/cXel fcal dXXtfXovs rrapateaXelre 6vo/iao~rL tjBv 
tol dvBpelov re teal teaXbv vvv ehrbvra koX rroirjoravira 

25 pbvr)pi7]v ev ot? edeXet nape. yew eavrov. ravra irape- 
Xavvcov eXeye fcal dfia v^rjyelro enrl cpdXayyos, koX 
toi>? rreXraard^ e/earepco6ev ironqcrdiievoi erropevovro 
errl rovs iroXepblov^. irap^yyeXXero he rd fiev Bopara 
eirl rbv Be^ibv SifAov eyeiv, e'eos aiqpiaivoi rfj GaXiriyyi' 
errevra Be eh rrpoo-fioXrjv tcadevras eireaOai fidBrjv Ka\ 
[irjBeva Bpofiqy BicotceLV. itc rovrov orvv07j/jLa iraprjei 
Zevs G-corrjp, *HpafcXr t s yyepioov. ol Be TroXe/icoc vrre- 

26 pbevov, vojJbi^ovTes xaXbv eyeiv rb ycopiov. iirel S' 
eirXrio-'ia'Cpv, dXaXd^avres ol rl EXXr)ve<$ ireXracrral eOeov 
errl tovs 7roXe/jLLOV<; rrpiv nva tceXeveiv ol Be iroXepnoL 
dvrloi coppbrjaav, ol $' Irrirel^ teal to arl<po^ rcov Bi6v- 

27 v&v ' teal rpeirovrai rovs 7reXracrrd<;. dXX* iirel vrnqv- 
ria^ev 7] cpdXayt; r<hv ottXitgiv rayv iropevofjuevr] /cal 
d\xa 7) crdXiriyt; i(f)6ey%aro teal eiraMAVi'Cpv ical fierd 
ravra rjXdXa^ov ical dfxa rd Bopara KaOiecrav, evravOa 

28 oi)Keri iBe^avro ol TroXepLLoi, dXXd eefcevyov. ical Tifia- 
cricov fiev eycov rovs t7T7reZ? etyelirero, teal diretcrlvvvaav 
oaovarrep eBvvavro co? bXiyoi ovres. royv Be iroXejilcov 
to fiev evcovvfJLOV evdvs Biecnrdpr], tcaO* b ol r EXXyve? 



BOOK VI. CHAP. V. VI. 171 

r7T7ret? rjaav, to Be Be^tov, are ov acf)6Bpa ouDKOjJLevov, 
errl Xo<pov aweary, eirel Be elBop ol "EXXrjves viro- 29 
fievovras aurovs, eBo/cec paarbv re /cal dtcivBvvbrarov 
elvai levai jJBtj eir avroix;. rraiaviaavres ovv euOus 
eire/ceivro' ol £' ov% v7re/ieLvav. kolX evravOa ol ireX- 
raaral eBlcoKOV p*ey^pi rb Be^ibv av Bieairdpy]' direQa- 
vov he bXlyoi' rb yap lirm/cbv $6j3ov irapelye rb rcov 
7ro\e/jLiQ)v 7ro\v ov. eirel .Be elBov ol "EXXrjve? rb re 30 
$apvafid%ov liriri/cbv en aweary /cos /cal tovs BlOwovs 
lrrirea<z irpbs rovro awaQpoitppukvovs teal dirb Xo<pov 
rivbs KaraOewfievov^ rd yiyvbfieva, diret prj/ceaav fxev, 
0//.&)? Be eBb/cei /cal errl rovrovs Ireov elvai ovrcos oVo)? 
Bwaivro, &)? fir) redapprjKores dvairavaaivro. avvra- 3 1 
tjd/ievoi, B)] Tropevovrai. ivrevOev ol rroXefiioi lirTrels 
(Jzevyovat Kara rod irpavov^ ofAOicos wairep virb Inrirecov 
BiGdKoiJLevoi' vdiros yap avrovs vTreBe^ero, b ovtc fjBe- 
aav ol "EXXyves, dXXa rrpoairerpdirovro Btco/covres* 
o^jre yap r t v. eiraveXObvres Be ev6a rj irpoorT] avujSoXrj 32 
iyevero arrjad/ievot, rpbiratov diryeaav eVl QdXarrav 
rrepl rjXiov Bvapbds' ardBioi 8' ^aav ct>9 e^r]/covra errl 
rb arparoTreBov. 

'Evrevdev ol fiev TroXefJuoc el^ov dfufil rd eavrcov 
kol diri]yovro ical rovs ol/ceras teal rd yjpyjiara oiroi 
eBwavro 7rpoacordrco m ol Be "EXXyves Trpoaefievov jiev 
KXeavBpov kol to,? rpnqpeis /cal rd rrXola co? tf^ovra, 
e^ibvres 8' ifcdarys rjfiepas aw rocs viro^vyiois kol 
rols dvBpairoBois etyepovro dBews rrvpovs, tcpiOds, olvov, 
oarrpia, fieXlvas, au/ca' diravra yap dyaOd el^ev 7) 
yozpa irXyv eXalou. /cal birore fiev /carapbivoi rb 2 
arpdrev/ia dvairavofxevov, i^PjV iirl Xelav levai, /cal 
iXd/JLJ3avov ol e^uovre^' oiro-e Be e^ioi rrclv rb arpd- 
revjjia, el rt? %a>pi9 direX6d>v Xd/3oc re, Brjfioaiov eBo^ev 
elvai. tjBt] Be rjv 7roXXr) 7rdvrcov d(p6ovca' real yap dyo- 3 
pal rrdvroOev dcpL/cvovvro i/c rcov 'EXXtjvlBwv rroXeajv 









172 xenophon's anabasis. 

zeal ol irapairXeovTes aafievoi Kartfyovro, atcovovres a><? 

4 oliciCpiTO irbXis koi XipbrjV elr\. eirepiTrov Be kcu ol 7roA,e- 
jxioi 7]Br}, 01 Tfkrjcriov ojkovv, Trpbs ttevocfrwvTCi, clkovqv- 
Te?, on qvtos iroXi^ei to ywpiov, epcoToovres, 6, to Beoi 
iroiovvTas cpiXovs elvai. o 8' eireBeiKvvev avTovs Toh 

5 crTpariciOTai<;. icah iv rovrcp KXeavBpo? dcpiKveiTai Bvo 
rpirfpeis €%cdv, irXolov 8' ovBev. irvy^ave Be to arpd- 
rev/JLa, e^co ov ore ck^lketo koi iirl Xelav rives oiybp,evoi 
aXXoi aXXy eh to opos, teal elXijcpeaav irpbfiaTa iroX- 
Xd' btcvovvres Be, firj d(fxiipe8eiev, tS Ae^iirirco Xeyov- 
criv, o? cnreBpa tt]v irevTrjKOVTopov eyjav eK Tpaire- 
tpvvTO^, Kcui KeXevovcri Biaacacravra avToh tcl 7rpo/3aTa 

6 to, pev avrbv Xafieiv, to, Be afyiaiv diroBovvai. evdbs 
8' etceivos direXavvei tovs 7repieaT0)Tas tcov crTpaTico- 
tcov /cat Xeyovras, oti Brjfibaia etij, koi tu> KXedvBpw 
eXOoov Xeyei, oti dpird^eiv eTTiyeipovcriv. 6 Be tceXevei 

7 tov dpird^ovTa dyeiv irpbs avTov. Kal 6 [lev Xaficov 
rjye Tiva' irepiTvycbv 8' *Ayacria<$ cKpaipeiTai* teal yap 
r]V avTcp 6 dyofievos Xo^iTrjS. ol B aXXoi ol irapbvTes 
tcov (JTpaTiwTaiv eiriyeipovcn ftdXXeiv TOV Ae^lTTTTOV, 
dvatcaXovvTes tov TrpoBoTTjv. eBeicrav Be koi tcov Tpirjpi- 
tcov 7roXXol fcal ecpevyov eh tt]v QdXaTTav, kcli KXeav- 

8 8/30? 8' ecjyevye. aevocpcov Be kcli ol aXXoi crTpar^yol 
KareKcoXvov Te koi tco KXedvBpco eXeyov, oti ovBev~ eXrj 
irpayfia, dXXd to Bby/xa aiTiov etrj to tov crTparev- 

9 yLtaro? TavTa yevecrOai. 6 Be KXeavBpos virb tov 
Ae^lmrov Te dvepeQiCpjxevos kcli auro? d^OeaOeh, oti 
i(pof3/]d7), diroTrXevaeicrOai ecprj kcu Krjpv^eiv /L7]Be/LLav 
ttoXiv Be^eaOai avrovs, &)? TroXe/jiLQVs. %>%oz> Be tot6 

10 irdvTcov tcov ' EXXrjvcov ol AaKeoaipubvioi. ivravOa 
Trovrjpbv to Trpayfia eBoKei elvai Toh "EXXijai, koi 
iBeovTo pur) iroielv Tavra. o 8' ovk av aXXcos e<f)7} 
yeveaOai, el pur) rt? eKBclocrei tov dp^avTa /3dXXeiv kcu 

1 1 rbv dcpeXofievov. rjv Be bv i^r/Tei ^Ayaaias, Bia reXon? 



BOOK VI. CHAP. VI. 173 

<f)L\o$ rco 'BevocpcovTC e£ ov teal BieftaXiv avrov 6 
Ae^LTTiros. Kal evTevOev, eiretBrj diropia r\v, crvvrjya- 
yov ra crrpdrev/jia ol apyovres' /cat e.vtoi yAv avrcov 
nrap oXtyov eiroiovvTO tov KXeavBpov, t£> Be aevo- 
(fioovTi ov/c eBotcet cpavXov elvac to irpdyfia, dXX* dva- 
aTa<; eXe^ev, ? /2 avBpes aTpaTtcoTac, ifiol Be ov cpavXov 12 
Botcel elvav to nrpdypba, el rjfjilv ovtcos eycav tt)v yvcofirjv 
KXeavSpos direicrLV, coenrep Xeyei. elcrl yev yap rjBrj 
€77u?» at 'EXXrjviBes TroXecs • tt}? Be r EXXdSo<; Aatce- 
SacfjLoviot, irpoeaTTjKacrLV' licavol Be elcrc teal el? etcacrTO^ 
Aa/ceBacyovlcov ev rat? iroXecriv 6, tl (BovXovTab Bta- 
irpaTTeo-Oat. el ovv outo? irp&Tov yev ?;/*a<? Bv^av- 13 
tlov airoickeLarei, eireiTa Be Tot? dXXots dp/JLoaTacs 
irapayyeXel eh Ta? 7roXeis yy BeyecrOat &)9 amaTovv- 
t<X9 AatceSaiyovioLs teal dvoyovs 6Vt<Z9> e.Ti Be irpo? 
* Ava^Lfiiov tov vavapyov ovto? 6 X0709 irepi rjycov 
rfeei, yaXeirbv ecrTai teal yevecv zeal diroirXelv • zeal ydp 
ev ttj yfj apyovcri AatceBaiybvioi Kal ev Trj QaXaTTy 
tov vvv ypovov. ovkovv Bel ovre evbs avBpbs eve/ca 14 
ovre Bvolv r)yd<; tovs aXXovs tt)<; ^EXXdBos direyeaOai, 
dXXa TreiGTeov 6, tl dv KeXcvcoai' teal yap at iroXet^ 
rjycov 69 ev ecryev TreiQovTai avTol^, eyco yev ovv, /cal 15 
ydp dtcovco Ae^nrirov Xeyetv 77-/909 KXeavBpov, go? ovk 
av e7T0L7]aev Ayacrta^ Tavra, el yy eyco avTov i/ceXev- 
aa, eyco yev ovv diroXvco koX vyas ttjs alrlas /cal 

Ayacrtav, av avTos 'Ayacrias cptfery eye to tovtcov aX- 
tlov elvav, /cal KaraSt/cd^co eyavrov, el eyco ireTpojBo- 
Xias r) aXXov twos fiiaiov e^dpyco, Tr)$ ecrydTi]^ Bikt]$ 
afio? elvat, /cal vcpe^co t?]v Bltcrfv. cprjfil Be icaX el Tiva 16 
dXXov aiTia/rai, %prjvat, eavTov Trapacryeiv KXedvBpco 
fcplvac ovtco ydp av vjiel^ diroXeXviievou tt}? aiTias 
etrjTe. 009 Be vvv eyet, yaXeirov, el, olb\xevoi ev Trj 

EXXdBo Kal eiralvov Kal Tifir)<; Tev^eaOai, dvTi Be tov- 
tcov ouS' 6/jLoloi, toZ? aXXots eaofieda, dXX* elp^6fie9a 
etc tcov ( EXXt]vlBcov iroXecov. 



174: xenophon's anabasis. 

17 M.6TO, ravra avacrra^ elirev 'AyaGias, 'Eyco, w av* 
Spes, ofivvfiL &€oi)$ Kal $£o.9 rj p^]v [jirjTe fie ttevo^&vra 
tceXevcrai a<psXea6at tgv avBpa \xr\Te aXXov vpL&v fMrj- 
Beva- IBqvtl Be jjloi avBpa dyaObv dybjievov tojv ijxoov 
Xo^ltcov virb Ae^iirirov, ov v/ieis eirio-TacrOe vfias irpo- 
Bbvra, BeLvbv eBo^ev etvai* teal acjzetXo/jLrjv, OfioXoyco. 

18 zeal vpLeis fiev [irj i/cBcore fie- iya> Be efiavrov, (oairep 
^evo(j)cov XeyeL, irapaGyjqGas KpivavTi KkeavBpat o, tl 
av j3ovKi]Tai TTOLrjaaL ■ tovtov eve/ccc purjTe iroXejieLTe 
AaKeBaijJLOviois Gco%OLG0e re aG<paXcos oitol QeXeL eKa- 
<7to?. avijUTepb-^rare fievTOL [jlol v/jlcov avTcbv eXo/xevoi 
7rpb$ KXeavBpov OLTLves, av tl eyw irapaXeLTra), Kal 

19 Xe^ovGLv virep epuov Kal nrpd^ovenv. e/c tovtov eBcoKev 
7] GTpaTia ovGTivas /3ovXolto irpoeXopievov levaL. 6 Be 
irpoeikeTO to\j$ GTpaT7]yov$. fxeTa Tavra eiropevovTO 
irpbs KXeavBpov 'Ayacrias /cal ol GTpaTrjyol Kal 6 

20 acpatpedels dvi]p virb „ ' 'Ayacrlov. Kal hXeyov ol GTpa- 
Trjyol, "Eirefi^ev ?;/ia? r) GTpaTia 7rpo? ae, a> KXeavBpe, 
Kal i/ceXevae ae, elVe iravTas air La, KpivavTa o~e avTov 
yj)r\Q-Qai o, tl av fiovXr), elre eva tlvcl t) Bvo f) Kal 
irXeiovs atria, tovtovs cc^lovgl Trapaayeiv gov eavTovs 
eh Kptaiv. ecTe ovv rjficbv Tiva air La, irdpeGpuev gol 
reels' etre Kal aXXov tlvcl, (ppaGov ovBels yap gol 

21 aireaTaL, ogtls av i)p2v eOeXrj ireLQeaQaL. puera Tavra 
nrapeXOoov 6 ^Ayaaias elirev, 'Eyco elfiL, a) KXeavBpe, 
6 atfieXofievos Ae^iirirov ayovTos tovtov tov avBpa Kal 

22iraieLV KeXevaas Ae^Lirirov. tovtov fiev yap olBa av- 
Bpa dyadbv ovTa, Ae^Linrov Be oTBa alpeOevra vtto t?}? 
GTpaTicis apyeLV t?}? TrevTrjKOVTopov rjs yT7]Ga/xe0a 
Trapa TpaTretpvvTiwv ecj) core irXola GvXXeyeLV, &>9 
Gco^olfxeOa, Kal airoBpdvTa Ae^lititov Kal nrpoBovTa 

23 tov? GTpaTLo>Ta<;, pue6 ' oov eGwOr). Kal tovs Te Tpa- 
TTe'CpvvTiov^ a7reGTepi]KapLev ttjv TrevTrjKOVTopov KaL 
KaKol BoKovpbev elvaL Boa tovtov, avTol re to eVl tovtg) 



BOOK VI. CHAP. VI. 175 

a7ro\diKa[iev. rjicove yap, coGirep rj/uels, co? diropov ecr) 
7re£V) aTTLOvras tovs nrorapuov^ re Bia{3r)vao /cal GcoOrjvac 
eh rr)v *E\\dBa. rovrov ovv roiovrov ovra dtyeCko- 
fjbrjv. el Be gv rjyes r) aXkos Tt? roov rrapd gov, teal 24 
fir] ra)v irap' rjficov diroBpdvrcov, ev I'gOl on ovBev av 
rovrcov e7ro[rjaa. vojiL^e B\ edv ifie vvv diroKreivr)^, 
Bi dvBpa BeCkov re ko\ rrovrjpbv dvBpa dyaObv diro- 
/cretveov. 

'A/covcras ravra 6 KXeavBpos elirev, on Ae^nrirov 25 
fxev ov/c kiraivour], el ravra 7re7rocr)fccb<; eirj- ov fievrou 
ecprj vofii^eiv ovB' el rrayLirovripo^ rjv Aefyiriros /3cav 
%prjvat irda^eiv avrbv, aXka KptOevra, coGirep koX 
tyzet? vvv d^tovre, 777? Blkt]s rvyelv. vvv [lev ovv2Q 
aircre fcara\t7r6vres rovBe rbv dvBpa' orav B' iyeb 
/ceXevGco, irdpeare 7rpo? rr)v icpicnv. alncbfiai, Be ovre 
rr)v arparidv ovre aXkov ovBeva en, errel ye ovros av- 
T05 ofioXoyet d<pe\ea0ai, rbv dvBpa. o Be dfyaipeOels 27 
elirev, 'Eyca, S) KkeavBpe, el ical olei fie dBcxovvrd re 
dyeaOai, ovre eiraiov ovBeva ovre ejSaXkov, dX)C elirov, 
ore Bi]fioo~La e'lrj rd irpofiara • r)v yap rcov arparicorcjv 
Boyfia, el ns, orrore 7) ar par id e^ioi, IBla kr^iCpiro, 
BrjfAocria elvai rd \r](p6evra. ravra elrrov • etc rovrov 28 
fie \af3cov ovros rjyev, iva fir) cfrdeyyoiro fjLrjBefc, dX)C 
avrbs ~ka(3d)v rb fiepos Biaacocrece rots Xyarals rrapd 
rr)v prjrpav rd ^pij/xara. 77730? ravra 6 KXeavBpo? 
eirrev, 'Errel roivvv roiovrov el, Kard\ieve, %va tca\ ire pi 
gov fiovXevGcofieOa. 

Etc rovrov ol /juev dfKpl KXeavBpov r/ptGrcov rrrv 29 
Be Grparidv Gvvr\yaye aevocpcov teal GvvejBovkeve rrefi- 
yfrac dvBpas 77-po? KXeavBpov irapairriGoyikvov^ rrepl 
r6)V dvBpwv. etc rovrov eBo^ev dvrols 7refj,yjravra$ 30 
Grparrjyovs real Xo^ayov^; ical Apatcovnov rbv Xirap- 
rcarrjv /cat rcov aXXcov ol eBoKovv emrrjBeioi elvac Bei- 
Gdau KkedvBpov Kara irdvra rpoirov dfyelvai rd> dvBpe. 



176 xenophon's anabasis. 

31 i\6<bv ovv 6 'Bevocficbv Xeyet, "E^ecs fiev, w KXeavhpe, 
tov<z dvhpas, Kal rj arpartd gol vcpelro, 6, to ij3Gv\ov 
TroirjGai /cal irepl tovtcov /cat irepl eavToov a7rdvrcov 
vvv he ore alrovvrai /cal Siovrai, hovval g§igi tw avhpe 
Kal fir) Kara/calvecv ' 7roWd yap iv too efJuirpoaOev 

32 j^povqo 7T€pl T7]V GTpaTidv ifio^OrjcrdTTjv. ravra hi 
gov Tvyovres vrriG^vovvTai goi dvrl TOVTOov,rjv j3ov\rj 
r/yeiG0ai, avTcov Kal rjv ol Qeol i\eqj ojgiv, iTrihei^etv 
goo /cal &>9 KOG/jbtol eiGC Kal &)? l/cavol too ap^ovTi irei- 
66fievoL tovs TToXepbiovs gvv toIs 3-eois pur) (fio/SeiGdai. 

33 SeovTai, hi gov Kal tovto, irapayevopLevov Kal dp^avTa 
iavTcov irelpav XajSeiv Kal Ae^lirirov Kal g$>oov toov 
aXXcov olos eKaGTos Igti, Kal ttjv d^lav eK&GTOis velpiai. 

34 aKovGa? TavTa o Kkeavhpos, 'A\\d val tod gioo, e(prj, 
Tayy . tol vpuv diroKpivovfiai. Kal too tg avhpe vpZv 
SiScopLi Kal avTo? TrapeGopuai' Kal rjv ol S-eol irapahi- 
hooGiv, i^iyrjGopiai, eh ttjv ^EXKdha. Kal ttoXv ol 
\6yoi ovtoi dvTioi eiGiv t) ou? iyao 7repl vpucov ivtcov 
tjkovov, co? to GTpaTevpia dcpLGTaTe dirb AaKehai- 

jJLOVLODV. 

35 'Ek tovtov ol piev eiraivovvTe? dirijkOov, e^ovTe^ 
too avhpe' KXeavhpos he eOveTO eirl tt} iropeiq Kal 
^vvrjv "Bevo^covTC <J)l\,ikoos Kal ^evcav %vve(3dXovTO. 
iirel he Kal eoopa avTov<; to irapayyeWopuevov evTaKToos 
iroiovvTas, Kal fidWov &ri eireOvpbet rjyefioov yeveG0ac 

36 avTcov. eirel fievTOL Qvopuevqo avT& errl Tpels r\\xepa<$ 
ovk eylyveTO tcl lepd, GvyKaXeGas tovs GTpaTrjyov^ 
elirev, ^E/jloI p,ev ovk eTe\eG07] tcl lepd e^dyeiv vjxel^ 
puivToc purj d6vpL€LTe tovtov eveKa' vjxlv ydp, a>? eoiKe, 
hehoTai eKKOjiiGau tov<$ avhpas' dXkd nropeveG0e. rjjuLet? 
he vfids, erreiSdv eKeiGe i]K7]Te, he^opueOa &)? av hvvoo- 
jxeOa KaXKiGTa. 

37 *Ek tovtov eho^e Tot? GTpaTiooTais hovvai avToo tcl 
hrjfJLOGLa irpbftaTa' 6 he he%d[ievos irdXcv avTols dire- 



BOOK VII. CHAP. I. 177 

Bco/ce. /cal ovtos fiev dnreifkei. ol Be arparcwrai BtaOe- 
puevoi rov alrov, ov rjaav avy/ce/copLiap,evot, /cal rdWa, 
a el\i]<^>eaav, e^eiropevovro Bid rcov Bcdwcov. eirel Be 38 
ovBevl evETV)(ov iropevopbevoi tijv 6p6i]v 6B6v, ware eyov- 
Te? tl eh rrjv tyikiav Bce^e\6elv, eBo^ev avrols rovpb- 
TrcCkiv inroarpe'^ravTas ekOelv pblav rjpuepav teal vv/cra. 
tovto Be TroLrjcravres e\a{3ov ttoWcl /cal dvBpdiroBa /cal 
7rp6/3ara' /cal afyUovro e/craloc eh Xpvaoiro'Xiv t?}? 
KaX-^Bovla^, /cal e/cel epuecvav rjpuepa^ eirra \a<f>vpo- 
7rco\ovvTe<;. 



BOOK VII. 



' Oaa fjuev Brj ev rfj dvafBdaet rfj [iera Kvpov 1 
eirpa^av ol e/ E\\7]ve$ p^eyjpi rrjs pbdyr]^, /cal oaa, eVel 
Kvpo? ireXevrrjaev, ev rfj iropela pevpi eh rov TLovtov 
d(j)LK0VT0, /cal oaa e/c rov Hovtov nre^f) e^iovres /cal 
efCTfXeovres eiroiovv p*e%pi €%<*> tov aropbaros eyevovro 
ev Xpv<T07r6Xei t?)? 'Aaia?, ev tc5 rrpoaOev \6ycp BeBrj- 
Xcdtcli. e/c rovrov Be <&apvd{3a£o<; <$o(3ovpLevo<; to crrpd- 2 
revpia p,r) eirl tt)v avrov dpyrjv arparevr/rai, irepb-^ra^ 
7rpo? 'Ava%[fiiov rov vavapypv, o 8' ervyev ev Bvtav- 
tlco cov, iBetro Bta/3t/3daai, to arpdrevpia etc Tr}<$ 'Aaias, 
/cal viriayyelro rrdvra ironqaeiv avrco, oaa BeoL /cal 3 
'Ava%i/3ws p^ereirepu-^aro rovs arparr)yovs /cal \oya- 
yovs tcov arpartcorcov'eh Bv^dvnov, /cal vmayyelro, 
el Biafialev, p,(,a6o<fiopdv eaeaOai roh arpartcbracs. 
ol puev Brj aWot, ecfiaaav /3ov\evadpbevoL dirayyeXelv, 4 
Ptevo<pcov Be elrrev avrco, ore diraKkd^oiro 77877 dirb T779 
arpartas /cal /3ovXolto diroifkelv. 6 Be 'Ava^ifiios 
e/cekevaev avrov avvBiafidvra erreira ot/ro)? diraXkdr- 
reaOai. ecf)rj ovv ravra rroirjaeiv. 

8* 



178 xenophon's anabasis. 

5 ^evOrj? Be 6 Opa^ irejiirei M.7]BocrdBrjv teal teeXevei 
HevcxfioovTa, crv/jorpoOvfielcrOaiy oVo)? Biafifj to crrpd- 
Tev/ia, teal e(j>7] avrS ravra GvpurpoOvfJi^devTi oti ov 

6 fiera/xeX^crei. 6 8' elirev, ^AXXd to [lev aTpaTev/xa 
hiaftrjo-eTCLi' tovtov evetea fArjBev TeXeiTeo /it]T6 ep,ol 
fiTjTe dXXqy (Jb7)hevL' eireiBdv Be Bia{3{}, eyeb fiev diraX- 
Xd%ofiai } irpbs Be tovs BiafievovTas teal eiriteaiplovs 
ovtcls 7rpocr<fiepea0cQ ft)? av avTcp Botefj dcrcpaXes. 

7 'E/c tovtov BiajBaivovcn irdvTes eh to Bv^dvTiov 
ol crTpaTicoTac. teal pucrObv fiev ovte eBlBov 6 'Ava^c- 
/3to?, ite^pv^e Be Xa(36vTa<; tcl oifka teal tc\ crteevr] tov<; 
GrTpcLTMOTcis efyevai, &)? a7ro7re/Myjrcov Te dfia teal dpi- 
6[xbv 7roirjo-(ov. ivTavOa ol GTpaTiodTai tj^Oovto, oti 
ovk elyov dpyvpcov eirio-iTL^ecrOaL eh ttjv nropeiav, teal 

8 dtevqpoos cvveo-icevdtpvTo. teal 6 'Bevocjycov KXedvBpa) 
tg> dpjJLOG-T-fi £evo<$ <ye<yev7]/jLevo$ nrpoaeXOebv rjcnrd^eTO 
avTov ft)? diroTrXevcrovfievo^ 77877. 6 Be avTcp Xeyet, Mrj 
TroirjarjS TavTa' el Be firj, e<frr], aWiav e^et?, iwel teal 
vvv Tives rjhrj ere aurioiVTai, oti ov Tayy e^epiret to 

9 o-TpaTevfia. 6 6' elirev, 'AXX' cutlos p>ev eycoye ovte 
eljA tovtov, ol Be CTTpaTioiTai clvtoI inner LTio-fiov Beo- 

10 fievoi Bid tovto dOvpbovat, Trpo? t?)z/ e^oBov. 'AXX' 
ofMos, ecj)Tj, eyco croi crvfi/3ovXevo} e^eXOelv fiev ft)? iropev- 
aofjuevov, eireiBdv 8' e^co ykvr\Tai to aTpaTev/ia, tot6 
diraXXaTTecrOai,. TavTa tolvvv, eeprj 6 'Eevotycov, eXOov- 

11 re? 7T/30? " Ava^lfiiov Biairpa^di/xeda. ovtcds iX06vTe<; 
eXeyov TavTa. 6 Be i/eeXevcrev ovtco iroielv zeal e^ikvai 

"ttjv TayjaTTiv avvecrKevacr/jjevov^, leaX irpoaaveiirelv, o? 
av firj irapfj eh tt]v i^eTacriv teal eh top dpiOfiov, otl 

12 (xuro? avTov aiTidaeTai, evTevQev e^yeaav ol Te crTpa- 
Trjyol irpoiTOb teal ol dWoi. teal dpBr)v irdvTes irXrjv 
oXlycov e%co rjcrav, teal 'ETeovLteos elo-Tr^teei irapa Ta.9 
TrvXas &>?, OTTOTe e^o) ykvoivTO irdvTe<$ 3 ervyteXelcrcov to? 

13 irvXas teal tov fio , )(Xbv i^/3aXcov. 6 Be 'Ava£l/3io<; 



BOOK VII. CHAP. I. 179 

(Tvy/cakeo-as rov<; aTpaTTjyovs koX tovs Xoyayov? eXege, 
Td puev iiriTrjBeia, e<fir}, Xa/jL/3dveTe e/c tcov Opaicioov 

KOOfJLOOV €LCrl Be CLVTodc TToXXal KpiOoL KoX TTVpol fCdl 

TaXXa ra eTTOTyBeta' Xa/36vTe<; Be iropeveorde eh Xep- 
povrjaov, i/cei Be Kvvi<Tfco<z vplv fxiaOoBorrjcrei. eira- 14 
/covcravTes Be Tives tcov arpancorcov ravra, r) kcli tcov 
Xoyaycov rt? BcayyeXXec eh to o-TpaTev/na. /ecu ol puev 
o~TpaT7]yol eirvvOavovTO Trepl tov XevOov, iroTepa iroXe- 
/uo? eXr\ rj (frcXos, teal iroTepa Bed tov lepov opovs Bioc 
iropeveaQai rj kvkXco Bid fieo~r)<; t?}? Gpa/cr)?. ev w Be 15 
TCLVTCb BieXeyovTO ol aTpaTLcoTac avapiracravTes tcl 
onrXa Qeovcri, Bpofjuoo nrpbs t<x? nrvXas co? ttoXlv eh to 
ret^o? elcriovTes. 6 Be 'ETeovt/co? teal ol avv avToo &)? 
elBov irpocrOeovTas tou? ottXitcls, avyKXelovat ra? ttv- 
\a? koX tov /llo^Xov ifijSdXXovcrLV. ol Be crTpaTicoTai 16 
efcoiTTOV re ra? rrvXas /cal eXeyov otl aBtfcooTCLTa nrd- 
cryoiev eKfiaXXopuevoi eh tovs 7roXe/jiLOV<; • /cal KaTacryj- 
crecv ra? irvXas ecfiacrav, el pbrj e/ecWe? dvoitjovcrtv. 
dXXoi Be eOeov eirl S-dXaTTav icai irapa tyjv yrjXrjv 1? 
tov TeLypvs V7rep{3aivovo~iv eh rrjv ttoXiv, dXXoi Be o'l 
eTvyyavov evBov 6We? tcov crTpaTicoToov, cos opcoat tcl 
eVt Tah TrvXaus TrpdypuaTa, BicucoTTTovTes Tah d%i- 
vais Ta KkeWpa dvaireTavvvovGi Tas nrvkas, ol 8' 
ela7rc7TTOvo~LV. 

f O Be Uevotycov &>? elBe tcl yoyvofieva, Beccra<z, /jlt/18 
e$> dpTrayrjv TpdiroiTO to aTpaTeu/ma koi dvij/ceaTa 
fca/cd yevoiTo ttj iroXev teal eavToo kol Toh CTTpaTLooTCiLS, 
eOet /cat o-vveio-TrinrTei eXcroo tcov ttvXcov avv too b'xkoo. 
ol Be Bv^dvTtoL 60? elBov to aTpaTevjia /3Xa elcnrlTTTov, 19 
tyevyovaiv e/c t?}? dyopas, ol fiev eh Ta irXota, ol Be 
oiKabe, octol be evoov eTvy^avov oz^re? e^co eoeov, ol oe 
KaOeVkKov tcls Tpirjpeis, a;? ev Tah Tpir]pecn o-oo%olvto, 
7raWe? Be ojovto diroXcoXevab go? eaXootcvlas t^9 7ro- 
Xeco?. o Be 'ETeoviKOs eh ttjv d/cpav dirofyevyei. 6 Be 20 



180 xenophon's anabasis. 

Ava^iftios KaraBpa/icov eirl ^akarrav ev akievTiK& 
ifkolcp irepieifkei, eU tjjv d/cpbirokiv, /cal ev6ij<; jxera- 
irepmeTai e/c Kak^Bbvo^ cppovpovs' ov yap l/cavol 
iBb/covv elvac ol ev rfj dtcpoirokei (ryew tov<$ avBpas. 

21 ol Be (TTpCLTlOdTCLL ft)? elBoV TOV fteVOCpCOVTa, TTpOCTTTL- 
"W 1-1- <~JSTTT0V0~IV a\)T(p ITOkXol KOI "keyOVCTC, NvV GOl e^eCTTlV, ft) 

'Eevofy&v, dvBpl yevecrOai. e^et? irokiv, e'^et? Tpcrjpeis, 
e^et? xptf/jLara, e^et? avBpas toctovtovs. vvv dv, el 
Bovkoto, ay re y}tLa<$ dvrfcrcus teal rjpiels ae pueyav iroir\~ 

22 aat/xev. 6 8' dire/cplvaTO, '-4AA,' ev re Xeyere /cal 

iroajcrco ravrd' el Be tovtcov iirtOvpielTe, ^ea6e ret 
oifka ev Tci^et ft)? TayicrTa' (Sovkbpuevos avTovs /caTTjpe- 
/jLLcrac zeal avros re irapr\yyva ravra /cal tovs dXkovs 

23 etcikeve iraoeyyvdv /cal TiOecrOai ra oifka. ol Be avrol 
v(jy eavrcov TaTTopuevoi ol re oirXlrai ev oklyw yjpbv<p 
et? 6/ctco iyevovro /cal ol irekTaaTal eirl to tcepas e/cd- 

24:repov irapaBeBpapirj/cecrav. to Be ywp'iov olov KaXki- 
cttov etcTci^acrOai Ictti to Qpa/ccov /cdkovpuevov, epnyuov 
olkiwv ical ireBivbv. iirel Be e/cet,TO tcl oifka /cal /caTt}- 
pepLLcrOrjcrav, crvy/caXel aevocfrayv tt)v GTpaTiav /cal keyei 

25 TciBe. "Qti puev bpyi^eaOe, ft) avBpes GTpaTi&Tai, /cal 
vofil^eTe Bscva irdayeiv i^airaTcofievoL ou Qavfidfa. 
rjv Be T(*> Svp,w yapiQ&yieQa /cal AaiceBaipLOvLovs re tov$ 
irapovTas tyjs e^airdTTjs TipLcoprjacofieOa /cal ttjv irokiv 
ttjv ovBev auriav Bcapirdacopbev, evOvfielaOe a ecrTat, 

26 ivTevOev. irokepuoi puev eabpueOa diroBeBeiy puevoi Aatce- 
BatpiovLOLS /cal tols crvpLpud^ot^. olos S' o irbkepuos av 
ykvoiTo eltcd^etv Br) irdpeaTiv, ecopaKOTa<; ical dvapbvr)- 

27 cdevTas to, vvv Br) yeyevrjfieva. 77/xet? yap ol 'A6r]va2oi 
i]kdop,ev eh tov irbkepuov tov 77730? Aa/ceBaipboviov? /cal 
tovs avpipLd^ov; e^oire? Tpir]pei^ to9 p^ev ev SakaTTTj 
Ta? S' ev to2<z vecoplois ov/c eXarTOu? Tpca/coo-icov, 
vTrapyovTwv Be iroXkwv ^prjpidTCov ev tjj irokec /cal 
irpocroBov ovo~r)<; icaf eviavTov diro re tcov evBrjpicov ical 



BOOK VII. CHAP. I. 181 

€K T7J? virepopias ov fjuelov ^lXlcov raXdvrcov dp^ovres 
Be rcov v/jcrcov drracroiv teal ev re rfj Aala irdXkas 
expvres rrokeis KaX ev rfj Evpdiirr} aWa$ re 7roXkd<z 
KaX avro rovro to Bv^dvriov, oirov vvv ea/iev, e-^ovre^ 
KaTe7ro\€/jL7]6r]fji€v ovtcds, &)? irdvre^ vfieh eirlo-raaOe. 
vvv Be. Brj tl av olbyueQa iraOelv Aa/ceScufiovloLS fiev KaX 28 
rcov dpyaiwv Gvp^xdywv virap^ovrwv, '' AOrjvalwv Be KaX 
octol ifceLvois Tore rjcrav avfi/jLa^oi 7rdvrcov rrpoayeyevrj- 
fiivcov, Tccraacf)epvov<; Be real ra>v eVl S^aXdrrrj dXXcov 
/3ap/3dpcov irdvrcov rroXefJulcov rj/xlv ovrcov, 7roXe/Mcord- 
tov Be avrov rov avco fiao-Lkecos, ov rjX6o/j,ev depaepr)- 
o-ojievoi re rr)v dp^rjv KaX diroKrevovvre^, el BwalfieOa. 
rovrcov Br) irdvrwv 6[iov ovrcov ean rt? ovrcos deppcov, 
octtis olerai av r)fjbd<; irepiyeveo-Qai ; fir) 7r^o? 3-ecov 29 
fiacvcofieOa firjB' alo-%pco<; drroXd>fieQa iroXefiLoi 6We? 
zeal rah irarplau teal roh rjfierepocs avrwv (piXois re 
KaX ol/celoLS. ev yap rah nroKecriv elcrc rrdvres rah 
eft r)fid<; arparevaofieva^, fcal BiKaitos, el ftdpfiapov 
fiev iroXiv ovBe/iiav rjdeXrjcra/jiev Karacryelvf KaX ravra 
/cparovvres, ^EXkrjvl&a Be eh r)v 7rpcorr)v rroXiv r)X6o- 
/xev, ravrrjv e^aXaird^ofiev. eyco fiev roivvv evyofiai 30 
rrpiv ravra eiuBelv v$> v/icov yevofieva fivpias ifie ye 
Kara yrjs opyvtds yeveadai. KaX vfiiv Be av/i/3ovXevco 
"EXXrjvas ovras roh rcov ' EXXrjvcov rrpoecrrriKoai irei- 
Qofievovs irevpdaOai rcoy BiKaicov rvyydveiv. eav Be 
fir) Bvvrjcrde ravra, r)fia<z Bel dBiKOVfievovs rr)<; yovv 
'EXXdBos fir) crrepeaOav. KaX vvv fioi BoKec irkfi-^avra^ 31 
'Ava%i{3i(p elirelv, on r)fieh ovBev ftlaiov rroirjcrovres 
7rapeXr)Xv0a/nev eh rr)v rroXiv, aU' r)v fxev BvvdifJLeda 
Trap v/jlwv dyaOov ri evplaKecrOai, el Be firj, dXkd Brj- 
Xooaovres, ore ovk e^airard>iievot dXkd rreiQbyievoi 
i£ep-)(0fie6a. 

Tavra eBo^e, KaX irepbirovcriv 'lepcovvfiov re 'HXecov 32 
ipovvra ravra KaX EvpvXo^ov 'ApKaBa KaX ^tXrjo-cov 
^Ayaiov. ol fjuev ravra q>x 0VT0 epovvres. 



182 xenophon's anabasis. 

• 
33 "'En, Be KaOrjpievwv rcov arpancorcbv irpoaep^erai 

KoiparuBr^s Orjflalos, o? ov fyevycov rr)v *EXXdBa nre- 

pirjet, dXXd crrparrjyiwv ical eirayyeXXopievos, el rt? rj 

ttoXis rj eOvos arpanqyov Beoiro' ical Tore rrpocreXOcov 

llff-lf" eXeyev on eroipbos et'f} rjyeladai avrols eh to AeXra 

tcaXovpbevov r?j? Opaicrjs, evda iroXXd ical ayaOa Xtj- 

^roiVTO' eare S' av pioXcoo-iv, eh d(pdoviav rrapk^eiv 

3iecf)7} ical cnria ical irord. dicovoven ravra Toh crrpa- 

TicoTai,? teal ra rrapd 'Avaj;i,f3iov apa dirayyeXXopieva' 

drceicpivaro yap on rreiOopievois avroh ov pLerapbeXrjcrei, 

dXXd to is re oikoi reXeai ravra drrayyeXel teal avrbs 

35 fiovkevaoiTO irepl avrcov o, n Bvvavro dyaOov ere rov- 
tou ol arparccorao rov t€ KotpardBrjv Beyovrai o~rpa- 
T7)ybv ical e^co rod refyovs drrrjXdov. 6 Be KoipardBij? 
avvrlderai avroh eh tt}V varepaiav irapeaecrOao errl to 
crrpdrevpua eyjsv teal lepela ical pbdvnv ical a it la ical 

36 irord Tjj arpana. errel he e^rjXOov, 6 ^Ava^lfiios 
e/cXeiae ra? irvXas ical e/crjpv^ev, ocrns av dXa> evBov 

37 o)V Tcov crtpaTLCDTcov, on rreirpdaerai. ry S' vcrrepata 
6 KocpardBrjs puev eywv rd lepela ical top pbdvnv rjice 
ical aX<pora (pipovres eiirovro avrS eticocrcv dvBpes ical 
olvov aXXoi e'l/coaiv dvBpes ical eXacwv rpeh ical cricopo- 
Bcov eh dvTjp ocrov eBvvaro pueyiarov (poprcov ical aXXo$ 
tepopufji'veov. ravra Be KaraOepuevos a>? eirl Bdcrpbevcnv 

38 eOvero. Uevocpoov Be pLerarrepb-^rdpLevos KXeavBpov eice- 
Xeve Bi,airpd%ai, orrws eh to relj^ps re elaeXOou ical 

39 drrorrXevaai eic Bv^avrlov. ekOcov S' 6 KXeavBpos, 
MdXa pioXis, e<fyr/, Biarr pd^dp^evos tficG) • Xeyeiv yap* 
*" Ava^lfiiov, on ovic iirirrjBeiov eirj rovs p,ev crrpanco- 
ras ttXtjctlov elvai rod refyovs, Uevocpoovra Be evBov 
rov<; Bv^avrlovs Be aracrcd^ecv ical irovrjpovs elvau rrpbs 
dXXrjXovs' opboos Be elaievac, e<pr} } eiceXevev, el pueXXois 

40 crvv avroj eiarXeZv. 6 puev Br] tzevocpcov dcnracrdpLevos 
rovs o~r pandoras etcrco rov rel^ovs diryei crvv KXedvBpa). 



BOOK VII. CHAP. I. II. 183 

6 Be Kocpa-rdBr]^ rfj puev irpcoTr) rjfiepa ovtc i/caWtepec 
ovBe 8L€fM6Tprj<jev ovBev rot? <tt par i<6%ai<s ' ry S' vare- 
paia TCi puev lepela eio-rtf/cec irapd tov ficopubv Kal Koi- 
paTdBrjs iarecfxivco/jLevos oj? Qvctcov TrpocreXOcov Be 
Tcpcacricov 6 AapBavebs Kal Necov o * Aaivaio^ Kal 
KXedvcop 6 ^OpyopLevLos eXeyov KoLpardSrj pur) Qvecv, 
o>9 ovy rjyrjcrbpbevov rfj crrpaTia, el pur) Bcocret rd eiriTiq- 
Beia. 6 Be KeXevei, BiapberpelaOai. eirel Be 7roXXcov4l 
eveBei ax/Tco ware rjpiepas ctltov eKacrTcp yevecrOao tcov 
(TrparKOTCJV, dvaXa/3cov rd lepela dirrjeu Kal ttjv arpa- 
TTjytav direnrcov. 

Necov Be o ^Aatvalos teal $>pwlctko<$ 6 ' Ayaibs /ecu 2 
<&ikrj<jLo<$ 6 ^Ayaubs Kal IzcwQ ikXt\<$ 6 ^Ayaibs /ecu Tifia- 
aicov 6 AapBavev? eirepuevov eir\ rfj arparta, /ecu eh 
/ectopias tcov Spct/ccov 7rpoe\66vTe<z ra? Kara Bv^dvnov 
eaTparoiTeBevovTO. Kal ol o~TpaT7]yol earacria^ov, 2 
KXedvcop puev Kal <f>pvvtcrKos 77730? ^evOrjv ftouXopuevot 
dyeiv eireuOe yap avTOvs, Kal eBcoKe tco puev Xititov, 
tco Be yvvacKa' Necov Be et? Xeppbvrjcrov, olbpievos, el 
vtto AaKeBacpLoviois yevoivro, Travrbs civ nrpoeardvai, 
tov crrpaTevpLaros' TipLaalcov Be rrpovOvpLelro irepav 
et? ttjv Acriav rrakiv Biafifjvat,, oibpLevo? civ ocKaBe 
Kare\0elv. Kal ol arparicoTai ravrd e/3ovXovTO. Bia- 3 
rpifiopuevov Be tou yjpbvou ttoXXoI tcov crTpaTicoTcov, ol 
p,ev Ta oirXa diroBiBbpievoi KaTa toxjs yebpous direifXeov 
w? eBvvavTO, ol Be Kal [Bl86vt€<; Ta oirXa KaTa tovs 
ycopous] €6? Tas TroXeis KaTepayvvovTO. ' Ava<;i{3to<; 0" 4 
eyaipe TavTa aKoucov, Bta<p0eLp6pievov to aTpaTevpua' 
tovtcov yap yoyvopuevcov cpeTO puaXoaTa yapltjeaQai 
tfrapvajBdtyp. 

" AiroifKeovTi Be ^Ava^ifBicp Ik BufavTiou auvavTa 5 
' ApLcrTapyps ev Ku^lkco BodBoyos KXedvBpco Bu^avTtov 
dppLOcrTrjs ' eXeyeTO Be, otl Kal vavapyos BidBoyo<$ 
UaiXo? oaov ov Trapelrj rjBr) et? c EXXtjo-ttovtov. Kal 6 



184 xenophon's anabasis. 

^Avcl^lJSios tw pep ' Apio-rap^a iiricrTeKXeL oiroaovs 
av evpoi ev Bv^avrla tcdv Kvpov arparicoTcov viroXe* 
XeLfifiivovs airoSoorOcu' 6 he Kkeavhpos ovheva eire- 
irpdfcet, aX>\,a teal tovs /cdfjuvovras eOepdirevev ol/CTeLpcov 
teal dvaytcd^cov oltcla heyeaOab' ^ApLarap^o^ 8' eVel 
r)X6e rd^oorra, ovtc ekdrrovs TerpaKocriwv direhoTO. 

7 *Av(i%l(Blos he irapairXevcra^ eh Udpiov ireinret nrapd 
<&apvdf3a^ov Kara rd avjKel/xeva. 6 8' eVel fjadero 
*Api(TTap-)(ov re rjtcovTa eh Bv^dvTiov dp\xoaT7]V teal 
'Ava^lftiov ovfcerc vavapypvvTa, 'Ava^ifilov puev 7]fie- 
Xrjcre, Trpbs 'Aptarap^ov he hieirpaTTeTO rd avrd irepi 
rod Kvpeiov arparev/jLaro^, direp teal Trpbs 'Avatjificov. 

8 \E/e tovtov 6 ^Ava^lfiios tcaXecras aevcxficovra 
tceXevei, irdcrr) Teyyr) teal firj^avfj TrXevaai eirl to 
o-rpdrevjiia co? rdyjcrTa, teal avveyew re avrb teal 
avvaOpol^eiv tcov hieairapixevwv co? dv TrXeiaTOv; hvvrj- 
tcli, teal nrapayayovTa eh tt)v HepivOov hca/3ij3d^etv 
eh tt]v ''Acriav ore rdyicrra' teal hihcocnv avrS rpca- 
tcbvTopov teal eTTLCTToXrjv teal dvhpa Gvpure^xnrei tceXev- 
govtcl rovs UepivOiovs co? TayiGTa aevoty&VTa irpo- 

9 irepb^fai roh Xttttol^ eirl to crrpdrev/JLa. teal 6 fiev 
aevotficov hiairXevaa^ d^LKvelrai eirl to crTpaTevfia* 
ol he CTTpaTocoTai ihe^avTO ^Seco? teal ev6v$ eXirovTO 
dcrfxevoi &>? hia(3r]o-bfJLevoi etc ttjs 0pater)<$ eh tt\v 
3 Act lav. 

10 'O he ^evOi]^ dteovo~a<; r\teovTa iraKiv 7reyLt-v|r<x? irpb^ 
avTOV teaTa QdXaTTav Mrjhoo-dhyv ehecTO ttjv o~TpaTidv 
dyetv 7T/309 eavTOV, VTriayyovixevos avTcp, 6, tl weTO 
Xeycov ireiaeiv. o S' diretepivaTO avrw, otl ovhev olbv 

] I Te elrj tovtcov yeveaOai. teal 6 fiev TavTa dteovaas 
coyeTo. ol he e/ E\\7]ve$ eirel dcpiteopTo eh TLepivQov, 
Necov [lev diroo~7rdo~a<; eaTpaTOirehevcraTO %co/3t? ^X wv 
&>9 otcTatcoo-LOVs dv0p(*)7rov<;' to h* dXko CTpaTev/ia 
irdv ev tco avT(p nrapa to ret^o? to UepivOlwv r\v. 



BOOK VII. CHAP. II. 185 

Merd ravra 'Eevocfrcov fiev eirparre rrepl ttXoloov, 12 
oVa)? ore rd^icrra BiafiaZev. ev Be rovrcp d<fc(,K6p.evo$ 
^Apiarapyo^; 6 etc Bv^avrtov dp/jboarrj^, e^oov Bvo rpirj- 
pets, ireTreicrfJLevos vtto ^>apva/3d^ov to£? re vavicXi)poi<$ 
drrelire /jl?) Bcdyetv e\6cov re errl rb arpdrevjia rot? 

GTpCLTLOdTCLLS €L7T6 fJL7] TTepaiOVadai 6i? T7]V 'A<Tl(lV. O Be 13 

'Eevocj^oov eXeyev, on ' Ava^iftios exekevae teal epue 7rpb$ 
rovro eirefjb-^rev evOdBe. irdXiv 8' * Apio-rapyos eXeyev, 
*Ava%if3io<s fxev roivvv ov/cerc vavap%o<;, eyco Be rrjBe 
dpixoarrj^' el Be riva vjjlcov Xrj^opiai ev rfj SaXdrrrj, 
KaraBvaoo. ravr elwcov <px eT0 ei? T0 ^et^o?. rfj 8' 14 
vcrrepaiq pier air eyareTai rov<; arparyyov^ Kal Xoya- 
yov<$ rod crrparevpLaro^. 77877 he ovrcov 7rpb<> tc5 Telnet 
i^ayyeXXeo rt? roo 'Bevocpoovro, oro, el ecaeoao, gvXXt)- 
^Otjaerao zeal i) avrov to ireicrerao rj zeal <&apva(3d^(p 
rrapaBoOrjo-erao. 6 Be dicovo~a<s ravra tou? puev irpo- 
nrefiirerai, avrbs Be elirev oro Qvo~aL ri /3ovXooro. ical 15 
drreXOoov edvero, el irapelev avrco ol Seol rreopdaOao 
7T/30? Xevdiqv dyeov rb arpdrevpoa. ecopa yap ovre Boa- 
(Baiveov do-(f)aXe<; bv rpirjpecs e^ovros rod KooXvaovro^, 
ovr iirl Xeppovrjaov eXdcbv Kara/cXeoo-Qijvao e/3ovXero 
teal rb arpdrevfia ev rroXXfj arrdveo irdvroov yeveaOao, 
evOa ireiQeo-Qai poev dvdyfa] ru> exec dppioo-rfj, rcov Be 
eironqBeiodv ovBev epoeXXev e^eov rb crrpdrevpoa. 

Kal 6 poev dfMpl ravr el^ev ol Be arparyyol Kal 16 
Xoyayol rpcovre^ irapd rod 'Apoorrdp^ov dirrjyyeXXov, 
on vvv fiev drroevao o-<fia<; KeXeveo, tt}? BeLXr)<$ Be tf/ceiv 
evOa teal BijXrj pLdXXov iBo/cec y errofiovXr). 6 ovv 17 
'Eevocjicov, eirel eBbfcei rd lepd /ca\d elvac avru> Kal tc3 
arparevpuarc dacpaXa)^ Trpbs %ev6r]V levat, 7rapaXaj3oov 
JloXvKpdrr\v rbv 'Adrjvalov Xo^aybv /cat rrapd rcov 
arparrjycov e/edcrrov dvBpa, irXrjv rrapd Necovos, & 
e/cao~ros eiriarevev, op^ero rrjs vvtcrbs eVl rb %ev0ov 
arpdrevjia e^rjKOvra ardBca. eirel S' iyyvs rjaav avrov, 18 






186 xenophon's anabasis. 

eiriTvy^dvei Trvpots eprj/jiois. /cal to fiev irpcoTOv aero 
/jLeTafce^coprj/civac irou tov HievOrjv • eirel he QopvjSov re 
fjaOero /cal arjfiaivovTCdv aXhnffkois tcov irepl %ev9r)v } 
/cari/iaOev, ore tovtov eve/ca tcl irvpa /ce/cavfieva elr) 
rep XevOy irpo rebv vv/CTO<pvXaKcov, 07T&)? ol puev <fiv\a/ce<s 

/LL7) OpipVTO iv TCO GKOTei qVt69 fltfre OTTOGOL fJbTjTe OTTQV 

elev, ol he 7rpocri6vTes [irj XavOdvoiev, aXXd hid to <£co9 

19 /ca,Ta<j)avei<z elev iwel he rfaOeTO, TTpoirepnrei tov epfJLT]- 
vea, ov eTvy^avev eywv, /cal elirelv iceXeveu Sevdrj, otl 
Eevocfrcov irdpecTTb /3ov\,6{Aevo$ avyyeveaQai clvtw. ol 
he rjpovTO, el 6 ^AOrjvaZos 6 dirb tov crTpaTev/JLaTO?. 

20 iTreihrj he hcj)?] ovtos elvai dva7T7}hrjcravTes ehico/cov • /cal 
oklyov vcrTepov iraprjcrav 7re\TacrTal ocrov hia/cocrioi, 
/cal TrapaXafiovTes Xevo<J)a)VTa /cal tqvs o~vv avTM rjyov 

217T/90? Xevdrjv. 6 h' rjv ev Tvpaei fidXa <j>v\aTTOfjLevo<;, 
/cal Xttttqi irepl avTrjv kvk\g) iyKe^aXLVco/jievot. hia yap 
tov cj)6/3ov tcls fiev rjfJLepas i%i\ov tovs Xttttovs, to? he 

22 vv/CTa? iy/ce^dXcvcofievoL^ e<pvXaTTeTO. iXeyero yap 
/cal TrpocrOev Tr\p7)<; 6 tovtov irpoyovos ev TavTjj tj} 
%oopq> iroXv eyjsv aTpdrevjua virb tovtcov tcov dvhpcov 
ttoWov? diroXeaav /cal tcl a/cevo<popa d^aipeOrjvat • 
rjaav §' ovtol Ovvol, nrdvTCov Xeyo/xevoi elvac yidXiGTa 
vv/ctos 7ro\e/iLfccoTaTOi. 

23 "Eirel §' eyyij^ rjarav, e/ceXevaev elcre\6elv ttevo- 
<f)(ovTa eyovTa hvo, ovs /3ov\oito. i7reihr} he evhov 
rjcrav, rjcrird^ovTO fjuev irpcoTov dWtfXovs /cal Kara tov 
©pdfciov vofiov /cepara olvov irpovirivov iraprjv he /cal 
M7]hoo~dhr}s tco Xevdrj, ocrirep eirpecr(3evev avTM irdv- 

24 Toae. eireiTa he Uevocfroov Jjpx 6T0 X&yew/, "Eirefju'^ras 
7rpb$ ifie, 3) ^evdrj, et? KaX^hova Trp&Tov Mrjhoadhrjv 
tovtovl, heSfievos /ulov crvjJL7rpo0v{A7)0r]vai, hiafir\vai to 
aTpdrevfia e/c t?}9 'Aala<;, /cal viriayyovixevo^ JjLol, el 
TavTa Trpd^aijju, ev Troirjcreiv, &)9 ecprj M^hoadhT]^ ov- 

2£ T09. TavTa elircbv eirrjpeTO tov JYLrjhocrdhrjv, el d\7]6rj 



BOOK VII. U1I/VP. II. 187 

ravr ecr). 6 S' ecprj. Avdus r/Xde MrjSoadSrjs ovtos, iirel 
iyco 8iej3rjv TrdXiv hfi to GTpaTevp^a ete Ilaplov, viti- 
ayvovjJLevos, el dyoLfii to crTpaTevpia irpos ere, TaXXa Te 
ere d>l\fp fJLOi ^pijcreaOac teal d$eX<fioo teal tcl eirl QaXaTTy _ 
fioi ywpia, SiV crv tepaTeis, ecrecrOai irapa crov. eirl 26 
tovtols irdXiv eirrjpeTO tov MrjSoo-dSrjv, el eXeye TavTa. 
6 $e crvvecfir) teal TavTa. "I6c vvv, eefir], defrrjyrjcraL tov- 
tw, tL croc aireKpivdyuriv ev KaX^rjBovi irpooTOV. Aire- 27 
tepivoo, oti to crTpaTev/jLa $iaj3r)o~ot,TO els Bv^dvTiov teal 
ovBev tovtov eveiea Seoc TeXelv ovTe crol ovTe ctXXop' 
avTos 8e, eirel hiaj3atr}^, dirikvai ecf>7]cr0a' teal eyeveTO 
ovtcos cocnrep crv eXeyes. Tl yap eXeyov, ecf)7], ot€ teaTa 28 
^7]Xv/3piau dcpL/cov ; Ov/e ecprjcrOa olov Te elvai, dXX! 
els HepivOov ekOovTas Siaftaiveiv els ttjv 'Acrlav. Nvv 29 
tolvw, e<f>7] 6 aevocpcov, Trdpeifiu teal iyco teal ovtos 
$>pvvlo-ieos els tcov o~TpaT7jycov teal UoXvtepdTrjS ovtos 
els tcov Xo^aycov, teal e^co elcrlv dirb tcov crTpaTrjyoov 

6 TTLCTTOTaTOS etedcTTCp 7rXr]V NeCOVOS TOV AcLKOOVLKOV. 

el ovv fiovkei iricrTOTepav elvau ttjv irpa^iv, teal eteel- 30 
vovs tedXeaat. tcl Se oirXa crv iXOoov elue, a> TloXv- 
tepaTes, oti iyco teeXevco tcaTaXnrelv, teal avTos eteei 
KaTaXarcov tt)v yudyaipav ecaedc. 

' 'Ateovaas TavTa 6 Xev6r}s elirev, oti ovSevl av din-Si 
GT7]creiev ' Adt]vaicov teal yap oti avyyevels elev elhevai 
teal (friXovs evvovs e(j)rj vo/AL^eLv. fieTa TavTa D\ iirel 
elcrr}X6ov ovs eBei, irpwTOV Bevoefrcov eTrrjpeTO ^evQrjv, 
o, Ti SioLTO yjpr\crQai >ffj crTpaTca. 6 Se elirev cb8e. 32 
MaLcrd8r)<; rjv TraTrjp pLOt, e/eelvov Se rjv dp^rj MeXav- 
hlrai teal Gvvol teal Tpavtyat. etc TavTrjs ovv tt}9 
'fcobpas, iirel tcl 'OSpvcroov irpdypbaTa evoarrjcrev, etcTre- 
aoov o nraTr\p avTos puev aTrodvijcrteet vocrco, eyco 8' 
e£eTpd(pr]v 6p<fiavbs irapa MtjSokoj too vvv j3aatXeL. 
eVel Se veavicrteos eyev6pL7]v, ovte ehvvdjJLrjv £t)v els dXXo- 33 
Tpiav Tpdire^av dirofiXeTrodv teal itea0e^6fir]v evSicfrptos 



188 xenophon's anabasis. 

avrS iKeT7]<; Bovval /jloo oiroaovs Bvvarb? e'lrj avBpa^ 
oVaj? Kal rov$ ifcfSaXovras rjfjbd^ el tl Bvvaljubrjv fca/cbv 

TTOlOLTjV KOL ^7]V jJbTj 6l<$ T7]V 6K6LV0V TpdlTe^aV CUTTofiXi- 

Mircov cocnrep kvcov. e/c rovrov jjloi BlBcoat tovs avBpas 
Kal rovs lirirovs, ovs vfiel^ 6^rea6e, eireiBdv rj/iepa 
yevrjrat. teal vvv eyco £w rovrovs e^cov, A-fy^o/xez/o? 
tt)v ejuavrov rrarpwav yoapav. el Be jjloi, u/xefc rrapa- 
yevoiaOe, olfiai av avv rol$ $eot? paBlcos diroXafSelv 

T7]V ap^YjV. TCLVT larlv Ob ijCO VjJLG)V heOfJLCLL. 

35 Tl av ovv, ecpT] 6 Izevocficbv, av Bvvaio, el eX6oi{j,ev, 
ttj re arparia BiBovai Kal rots \o%ayois teal rots arpa- 

36 rrjyols ; Xe^ov, Xva ovroi dirayyeXXcoaiv. 6 S' inre- 
a%ero rep puev arparioorrj kv^cktjvov, tw Be Xo^ayS 
Bijuoiplav, ru> Be arparrjyw rerpa^ioiplav, teal yrjv, 
qitog7]v av fiovXcovTac, fcal ^evyrj Kal ywplov eirl Qa- 

37 Xdrry rereiyiap.evov. 'Edv Be, ecfrr) 6 tZevo^cov, ravra 
ireipoafievoL fiy BiaTrpd^cofiev, dXXd Tt? 06/3o? dirb 
Aa/ceSaL/jLovioov fj, Be^rj eU rr\v aeavrov, idv res dirievai 

38 /3ovXr)Tai, irapd ere ; o B elrre, Kal dBeXcpov? ye iroir)- 
crojjLac Kal ivBufiplovs Kal kolvcdvovs drrdvrcov cov av 
BwcopieOa KrdaOat. crol Be, c5 aevocfroov, Kal Qvyarepa 
Bcaaco Kal, el rt? crol eari S-vydrrjp, covrfao/iat ©paKi<p 
vojjlo), Kal Biaavd^v oIkyjctiv Bcoaco, oirep epuol KaXXc- 
arov yutplov earl rcov eirl S-aXdrrrj. 

3 'AKovaavres ravra Kal Bellas Bovres Kal Xafiovres 

CLTrrjXavvov • Kal irpb rjfiepas iyevovro eirl tg3 arparo- 

2 rreB(o Kal drrtfyyeiXav eKaaroi rols Trepb^raaiv. eirel 
Be rj/Mepa eyevero, 6 puev ^ Aplcrrapyo^ itclXiv eKaXei rovs 
crrparriyovs Kal Xo^ayov^' rot? 6' eBo^e rrjv /xev irpbs 
* Aplcrrapyov 6Bbv edaai, to Be arpdrevfia crvyKaXeaai. 
Kal avvrjXOov irdvres irXrjv ol Necovos' ovroi Be direl- 

3 yov &>9 BeKa ardBia. eirel Be avvrjXOov, dvaards &evo- 
<plbv elrre rdBe. "AvBpes, BiairXelv jjuev evOa j3ovXopLe6a 
Aplcrrapyos rpir)pei<$ e%cov KcoXvei, ware eh rrXola 



BOOK VII. CHAP. III. 189 

ovk aG(pa\e<; ififiaiveiv ovto? 8e 6 avrbs /ceXevei eh 
XeppbvrjGOV ftlq §ia rod lepov opovs iropeveaOai' rjv 
8e KparrjcravTes rovrov i/ceicre eXOco/iev, ovre rrw\r\GeLV 
en v/x&s <f>r)aiv cocTTrep ev Bv^avrlw, ovre e^arrarrjGe- 
ctOcll en v/ids, dXkd \r)-^r€a6ao jaigOov, ovre rrepib-^re- 
cr6ai en coGirep vvvl Seo/xevovs rwv eirtrTjSeLcov. ovros 4 
fM€p ravra \eyec Xevdys 8e cfrrjGiv, av 77-/209 ifcelvov 
crjre, ev ironqaeiv v/ids. vvv ovv cKeyjracrde, irbrepov 
evOdoe fievovres rovro fiovXevaeaOe r) eh rd eTirrjheta 
eiraveXOovres. epiol puev ovv hoKel, eirel ivOaZe ovre 5 
dpyvpiov eyoyuev coare dyopd^eiv ovre dvev dpyvpiov 
icjcrc Xapftdveiv rd emrv^eia, eirave\6bvra^ eh rd? 
K(i>ijlcl<$, 66 ev ol tjttovs icoGi \apLj3dvecv, eKel eyovras 
rd e7rcrijoeia dicovovras, 6, re Tt? v/jlcov Selrac, alpel- 
adai, o, re av v[xlv hoicy icpdriGrov elvai. zeal otw, 6 
e(p7], ravra So/eel, dpdrco riyv yeipa. dvkreivav arrav- 
T€?. ' Ambvre^ roivvv, e<p7], avatcevd^eaOe, ical erreiodv 
rrapayyeXky ris, eireaOe ru> r\yov\xevw. 

Merd ravra pievo<fi(bv fiev rjyelro, ol 8' eXirovro, 7 
Necov Be ical rrap ' Apiardpyov aKXoi eireiQov drrorpe- 
rrecrQai' ol 8' ov% vrrrjicovov. errel 8' ocrov rpiaKovra 
crraSlovs irpoeXrfKvOeaav, drravra XevOrjs. /cal 6 'Bevo- 
<})(bv l8o)V avrbv irpoae\daai i/ceXevcrev, ottcds ore ifXel- 
crrcov d/covbvrcov eliroi avrai d iSo/cet Gv/x(pepecv. eirel 8 
he. 7rpoarj\6ev, elire lievocfiwv, 'Hfieh 7ropev6fieda orrov 
fjieXkei e^eiv rb crrpdrev/na rpo(p/jv i/cei 8' d/covovres 
fcal gov ical rwv rov Aa/ccovi/cov alprjGOfieOa a av icpd- 
rcara Soktj elvai. rjv ovv tj/jlIv v t y7}crri orrov ifkelard 
iariv emrriheLa, V7rb gov vofiLovftev e^eviGOai. tca\ 6 9 
XevOrjs e<fir), 'A\\d olSa /cco/ias iroWds dQpbas /cal 
rrdvra e-fcovGas rd eTTtr^oeia direyovGa^; rj/xcov ogov 
8ie\6ovres av ^Sea)? dpLGrwrjre. 'Hyov roivvv, e$>7) 6 
Hevocjycbv. eVel 8' d^Uovro eh avrds 7779 SelXrjSj 10 
GwrjXOov 01 Grparitorat, teal elire £ev9r]s TOidSe. 



190 xenophon's anabasis. 

'Eyw, &> avBpes, Beopbau v/icov o-rparevecrOai, avv e/xol, 
Kal virKyyvovyuai vjjLiv Bcocreiv to£? arpaTicDTcus xvfy- 
kt]v6v, \o%a<yo2$ Be Kal GTparri<yoL$ rd vojiiL^o/xeva' e^co 
Be tovtcov tov d^tov ti/jL?]ctcd. crlra Be Kal ttotcl coairep 
Kal vvv ifc T779 %copa? Xajjbj3dvovTe$ e^ere' oiroaa 8' 
av aXLcr/crjrac atjicocrco ai)Tos eyeiv, Xva ravra BoaTL0e- 
11/xe^o? v/jllv tov paaQov Tropica. Kal rd fiev (frevyovra 
/cat diroBiBpao fcovra 7)[ieZ<; l/cavol iao/ieOa BccoKetv Kal 
/jLauTeveLV av Be Tt? dvOco-TTjrai, arvv vjjllv ireipaab- 

12 jjueOa yeipov(jQai. eirrjpeTO 6 &evo(pcbv, Uoaov Be airo 
QaXdrTTjs d^LGocreLS GweirecrOal croi to o-TpaTevjAa ; 
6 8' dnreKpivaTO) OvBa/JLJ} irXeiov eirTa rjfAepwv, fxelov 
Be iroXXa^fj. 

13 MeTa TavTa iBlBoTO Xeyeiv to3 jBovKojievcp • Kal 
eXeyov iroXXol KaTa TavTa, oti iravTos a%ia Xeyoi 
%ev0r]$' %ei{jL(bv yap elr\ Kal ovTe oiKaBe diroirXelv tS 
tovto /3ov\ojuLev(p BvvaTov eh], BiayeveaOai Te iv <^iXia 
ov% olov t ecrj, el Beoc atvov/jievovs ^fjv, ev Be ttj 7roXe- 
pbia BiaTpifBeiv Kal Tpe<fiea0at, dacpaXeaTepov jxeTa 
XevOov i) fiovovs ovtcov dyadcov touovtcov el Be [iiaObv 

14 TrpoaXrj^roLVTO, evprj/ia eBoKev elvai. eVl tovtois eiire 
aevotpcbv, El T£? dvTiXeyei, XeyeTco' el Be /juj, eVii|r^- 
(pi^eTCD TavTa. eVel Be ovBels dvTeXeyev, eire-^rrjcfcicre, 
Kal eBo^e TavTa. ei)0i)<; Be XevOy elire TavTa, oti 
crvaTpaTevaoivTO avT&. 

15 MeTa tovto ol fJLev aXXoi KaTa Ta^eis io~Krjv7]crav, 
arTpaTTjyovs Be Kal Xo^ayovs eirl Belirvov Sev07]s eKa- 

16 Xecre, ttXtjcflov kgi)/jL7)v e%a>z/. eirel S' eirl Qvpais rjaav 
fe>9 eirl Belirvov irapiovTes, rjv rt? c HpaKXelBr]<; Mapoa- 
veLT7]<?' ovtos irpocncbv kvl eKaaTcp ovGTiva^ d>eTO eyeiv 
Ti Bovvai 'Xev0rj, irpcoTOV fiev 7rpo? Uapiavovs Ttvas, 
ot Traprjcrav fyiXiav Biairpa^bybevoi irpbs MrjBoKov tov 
'OBpvcrcov ftacriXea Kal Bcbpa dyovTes avTw Te Kai tjj 
yvvaiKL, eXeyev, oti M^Bokos fiev dvco eXr\ BcoBeKa 



BOOK VII. chap. ni. 191 

rj/iepcbv curb SaXdrrr}? bhov, Xev9r)<$ S' eirel to arpd- 

T€VfJLa TOVTO €L~\,7]({)eV, dp^CDV 6G0LT0 €7tI QakcLTTr). 

yelrcov ovv wv iKavaoraro^ earau vjjlols Kal ev teal /ca/cw? 17 
iroielv. rjv ovv aaHppovrjre, tovtw hd>aere 6, tl dyere' 
Kal afiELVOV vpXv hiaK.eiae.Tai rj edv MrjhoKw tw irpoaw 
oIkovvtl Score, tovtovs fiev ovtcjs eireiOev. av0is he 18 
TtfiaaLcovi roi) Aaphavel irpoae\6d>v, ewel rjKOvaev avrS 
elvai Kal iKTrcofiara Kal Tdirihas /3apj3apLKa<;, eXeyev, 
ore vo/Jbl^oLTO, oirore eirl heiirvov KdXeaai 2ev6r]<z, hco- 
peladai avrw tovs kXrjOevras. oi/ro? 8' rjv fieyas 
evddhe yevrjrai, iKavbs earat, ae Kal otKahe tcarayayelv 
Kal evddhe irXovaiov iroiijaat. Toiavra irpov/ivaro 
eKciarco irpoauov. irpoae\6cbv he Kal aevo^cbvn eXeye, 19 
%v Kal iroXecos fieyiaT7)<; el Kal irapa Xevdy to abv 
ovofia fieytarov eari, Kal ev rfjhe rfj %c6p<z tcra)? d%id)- 
cret? Kal TelyT] \a\xf$dveiv, coairep Kal aXXoi rebv vfMeri- 
pwv eXafiov, Kal ydtpav d^uov ovv aoi Kal pbeyaXo- 
irpeirearara rifjLrjaat XevQnqv. evvov<; hi aot coi/20 
irapatvcb • ev olha yap, oti oa<o av fiel^ay tovtcd hco- 
prjarj, ToaovTM /xel^o) virb tovtov dyaOa ireiarj. clkovcdv 
ravra aevocficbv rjiropei' ov yap hiajBe^rjKei eywv e/c 
Uaplov el fir) iralha Kal oaov e<pohiov. 

'Eirel he elarfxOov eirl to heiirvov rwv re QpaKcbv 21 
ol KpariaroL rebv irapovrcov Kal ol arparrjyol Kal ol 
Xo)(ayol rebv 'EXXrjvcov Kal e'l T£? irpeafiela iraprjv curb 
7roXeco9, to heiirvov fiev rjv KadrjfjLevois kvkXw' eireira 
he Tptirohes elar)ve^6r]aav iraacv ovtoi S' rjaav Kpecbv 
fiearol vevejuajjuevcov, Kal aproi ^vfilrao fieydXoL irpoa- 
ireirepovrj/jLevoi rjaav irpbs rols Kpeaai. fidXtara h '22 
at rpdire^ai Kara robs <~evov<; del erlOevTO' vo/nos yap 
rjv. Kal irp&ros tovto eiroleu XevOiqs' dveXofievos tovs 
eavra) TrapaKeipuevovs aprovs hieKXa Kara fiiKpov Kal 
hteppiTTTei ol? avro) ehoKei, Kal rd Kpea (baavrcos, oaov 
uovov yevaaadah eavrw KaraXL7rcov. Kal ol aWot he 23 



192 xenophon's anabasis. 

Kara ravrd eiroiovv, fcad' ou? at rpdire^ai e/cecvro. 
'Ap/cas he Tt? ''Apvaja^ ovo/ia, cfrayeiv Sewos, to puev 
hiapparrelv eca yaipeiv, XajScov he el<? rrjv %elpa ocrov 
Tpiyoiviicov dprov Kal /cpea S-epuevos eirl rd yovara 

24 eheiirvei. Kepara he otvou 7repce<pepov, Kal 7rdvre<; ehe- 
'XpvTO' 6 8' 'Apvcrra 1 ;, e7rel Trap' avrbv (pepcov to Kepas 
6 oivo'xpos rjtcev, elirev Ihoov rov aevocpcovra ov/cerc hec- 
irvovvra, 'E/ceivq), e<fcr), So?* cr^oXd^ec yap ijhr), eyeb 

25 he ovheirco. a/covcras Xev6r}<$ tt)v (ficovTjv rjpeora rov 
olvoyoov, ruXeyoc. 6 he oivo^oos elirev eXXrjvL^eLV yap 
r)irLo~Taro. evravOa puev hrj yeXay? iyevero. 

26 'Eirel he irpovyd>pei 6 iroros, elar)X6ev dvr)p @pd£ 
Lirirov e^cov XeuKov, /cal Xaficov icepas pbecrrbv elire, 
TJpoirlvco gov, a) XevOr), teal rov Xttitov tovtov hcopov- 
fiai, i(j) ov Kal hccoKcov bv dv S-eXrjs alpiqaei^ real diro- 

27 yu>p&v ov pur) heio-ys rov iroXepaov. aXXos. iralha 
eiaayaycov ovtcds ehcopTjcraro 7rpo7rlvcov, Kal dXXos 
IfAaria rfj yvvaucL Kal TtfiacrLCOv irpoirLVcov ehcopi]- 
craro (jzidXrjv re dpyvpav Kal rdiriha d^iav heKa jjlvcov. 

28 Tvrjcniriros he rt? *Adrjvalo<$ dvao~rd<; elirev, ore dp- 
yaios ecr) vbp,o$ KaXXcaro^ tov<$ fiev e^ovra^ hihbvat, 
too fiacriXel tl/jLt)^ eveKa, tols Be pur) eypvo~i hihovat rov 
fiao-ikea, Xva Kal eyco, e§r], e^a> aou hcopelcrOac Kal 

29 TL/idv. 6 Be aevocpcov rjiropelro, 6, tl iroiiqo-ei' Kal yap 
ervyyavev &)? TipLcbpLevos ev tw irXTjacaordrq) hlcppa) 
XevOrj KaOrjfjLevos. 6 he 'HpaKXelhrjs eKeXevev avro) 
to Kepas ope^ai tqv olvoyoov. o he aevo<pcov, rjhrj yap 
viroireira)Ka)<; eivyyavev, dvecmf] S-appaXecos he^dpuevos 

30 to Kepa<; Kal elirev, 'Eyco he croc, o) XevOr), hlhco/Mt 
i/iavrbv Kal rovs e'^ou? tovtovs eralpovs (j>i\ovs elvai 
7rtcrT0v^, Kal ovheva dicovra, dWd rrdvra^ fidWov ere 

31 ipbov aou fiovXopbevovs <f)L\ovs elvai. Kal vvv irdpeiaiv 
ovhev ae irpoGaiTovvTe^, dXXd Kal irpole/ievoL Kai iro- 
velv inrep aou Kal irpOKivhweveiV eOeXovre^' fied' &v, 



BOOK VII. CHAP. III. 193 



av ol Qeol QeXcocri, iroXkrjv %cbpav rrjv /lev diro'Xri'^rrj 
rrarpcbav ovcrav, rrjv Be /crrjcrr), ttoWovs Be ittttovs, 
7roWov<; Be avBpas teal <yvval/ca<; /car a /err) ay, ov$ ov 
\7]L^eadaL Beijcrei, akX avrol cjzepovres rrapeorovrai 7rpo? 
ore Bcbpa. avacTTa? 6 XevQr)<$ avve^eirce /cal /careatce- 32 
odaaro puerd rovro to /cepas. fierd ravra elcrr]X6ov 
Kepaal re o'lol^ arj/Jbalvovcnv avXovvrt^ /cal aakiriy^iv 
(hfjLo{3oipaLS pvOfiov? re /cal dlov fiaydBi aaXirl^ovre^.^ 
/cal aurbs 2ev0r)<? dvacrrds dve/cpaye re irdXepa/cbv teal 33 
etj/jXaro cbarrep /3e\o? (f)v\arr6fievo<; pudXa eXacfipcbs. 
elarjecrav Be /cal yeXcor otto ioL 

e J2s 8' r)v rfKios iirl Bvafials, dvecrrrjcrav ol ' EX-oi 
Xrjve? /cal elirov, on cbpa vv/crocfivXafcas /caOcardvac /cal 
avvOrjpLa irapaBiBbvai. /cal XevQrjv i/ceXevov rrapay- 
yeiXai, oVaj? et? rd c EXXr]VL/ca arparbireBa pL7]Bel<; rebv 
Opa/ca)i> elaeicn vv/cros' oi re yap rroXepiioi Qpa/ces 
7}pXv koX vfiels ol (plXot. a;? B e^rjeaav, Gwaveart] 6 35 
XevOri<i obBev n puedvovn eoi/ccos. i£eX0cbv S' elirev 
avroix; tou? arparrjyov^ drrotcaXeGas, ^12 dvBpes, ol 
7roXepLCOL rjfichv ov/c Xaaai irco tt)v rjfierepav ovfifia^lav* 
i)v ovv eXOwfiev err avrovs irplv <fiv\d%acr6ai (bare fir) 
XrjtpOfjvaL i) irapaaKevdaaadai (bare dpuvvaaQai, fid- 
Xicrra av Xd{3ocp.ev /cal dvOpaoTrovs /cal ^p-q/xara. 
avveTnjvovv ravra ol crrparrjyol /cal ^yelcrOav e/ceXevov. 36 
6 8' elire, Uapacr/ceuao-d/jLevoo dvapbevelre- iyco Be, 
brrbrav /caipbs y, 7]^co irpbs v/ias, ical rovs rreXraard^ 
/cal vpbd^ dvaXaficov r)yijaopLai, avv rot? 3-eois. /cal 6 37 
ttevocpcbv elire, ^/ce^ao roivvv, elirep vv/crbs rropevab- 
fieOa, el 6 * EXXrjvi/cbs vbfios /cdXXtov eyeu* pueO' rjpLepav 
/jiev yap iv rals Tropelais r)yelrao rov crrparevfiaro^ 
birolov av del irpbs rr)v yo>pav crvficpeprj, idv re bifXi- 
ri/cbv idv re TreXracrrtfcbv idv re Ittttl/cov vv/crcop Be 
vojaos rot? r EXki^aiv r)<yeladai iari rb fipaBvrarov • 
oi'nco yap v/ctcrra Biaairdrai rd crrparev/iara /cal 38 

9 



194 xenophon's anabasis. 

^KicTTaXavOavovaiv aTToBiBpdcncovTes dWrjXovs' ol Bi 
BiacnracrQkvTes irdKXdtci? teal irepiTrliTTOvaiv dXXrjXois 

39 /cal ayvoovvres /ca/ceos ttoiovgi /cal Trdo-yovaiv. elirev 
ovv Xev6r}<z, '0/3#o>? re XeyeTe /cal iyca ra> vopLM tw 
vfierepG) ireicropLai. /cal viuv puev rjyepLovas Bcoaco tcov 
7rp€a^vrdTcop roi)s ipLireipoTdTovs tt}? %chpa<; } avrb? 
S' i<pe^rofiat, reXevrcuos tou9 Xttttovs e%cov ra^v yap 
TrptoTos, av Bey, Trapecro/Jbai. GVvQr\\xa S' elirov 'A0r)- 
vaiav Kara Tr)v crvyyeveiav. ravr elirovres dveirav- 

OVTO. 

40 'Hvixa o' r)v a/xcpl pLecras vvktcls, iraprjv Xev0r)$ 
eycov tovs iirireas TeOcopa/ao-fievovs /cal rovs wekra- 
ora? crvv Toh ottXois. /cal eirel irapeBco/ce tovs r)ye- 
fjiovas, ol fiev oifklrai rjyovvro, ol Be TreXraaral eiirovro, 

Hoc 8* t7T7ret? co7ria0O(pvXd/covv. iirel S' r)p,epa r)v, o 
^evOrj^ Traprfkavvev eh to irpocrOev /cal iiryveae top 
r EX\rjviKov vofiov rrroXXd/as yap ecfry vv/cTcop avrbs 
/cal crvv oXiyois Tropevofievos dirocnTaaQr\vai crvv Toh 
lirirois dnrb tcov ire^cov vvv B\ coaTrep Bel, dOpooi 
irdvTes dfia rfj rj/iepci cfiaLvo/xeBa. dXXd (spiels puev 
Trepijuevere avrov /cal dvairavecrOe, iyco Be a/ce^rdpuevos 

42 ti iq^co. lavr elircov rfkavve Bi* opovs 6B6v Tiva Xa- 
fiebv. iirel S' acpi/cero eh %tova ttoXXtjv, ecr/ce^aro, 
el elrj lyyr) dvBpcoTrcov r) irpocrco . fjyovfieva i) ivavria. 

43 iirel Be drpij3P] ecopa rr/v 6B6v, rjice ra-^v irdXtv /cal 
eXeyev, "AvBpes, /caXcos ecrrai, rjv $eo? S-eXy toi>? yap 
dv6pci)TTOVS XrjcropLev iirareaovTe^. dXtC iyeb puev r)yrj- 
cropbai tols i7T7roi<>, ottcos, civ nva iBcopbev, p,r) Bia- 
(pvycbv crrjfirjvr] rols irokefiloi^' y/xeZ? 8' eireaOe' /cav 
\ei(f)0r)Te, rep cttl[3g} tcov r iiriroov eireaOe. vTrep(3dvTe<$ 
Be tc\ opy rj^o/iev eh /ccofia^ 7roXXa? re /cal evBal- 
fiovas. 

44 tiviKa o r)v fiecrov r)jjLepa$, 7]otj t€ r)v eiri rot? 
a/cpots /cal KaTiBcbv ra? /coofias rj/cev iXavvcov 7T/30? tov<s 



BOOK VII. CHAP. III. IV. 195 

07rXtra? /cal ekeyev, 'Acfrtfaco rjSrj /caraOelv rov$ fiev 
lirrreas eh rb rreBlov, tou9 Be rreXraaras eifi rds /cco- 
/jlcls. dX)C erreaOe &>? av BvvrjaOe rdyjuara, ottcos, edv 
rt? vcf)i,<TTr)Tcu, a\et;7)cr6e. d/covaa^ ravra 6 &evocf)cov 45 
KCLTefir] airo rod Xirirov. /cal o? r/pero, Tt /cara/3acveL<;, 
eirel airevBecv Bel ; OlBa, ecprj, on ov/c epiov puovov Bey • 
ol 8' oirXlrao Sarrov Bpapuovvrac /cal tjBiov, eav /cal 
eya) 7re£o? ^yw/xat. fiera ravra ar^ero, /cal Tipbaaicov 46 
fier avrov e^wiflrnreh co? rerrapd/covra rwv 'EWrjvcov. 
Eevocptev Be iraprjyyvrjae rovs eh rpid/covra errj irapie- 
vai drrb roiv Xo^cov evfavovs. /cal avrbs fiev erpbyaQs. 
rovrov? e^cov, KXedvcop B rjyelro rcov aXXcov 'EXXtf- 
vcdv. eVet B ' iv rah /ca>/mi? rjaav, 2!ev6r)<; eywv oaov 47 
rpid/covra Irnreas rrpoaeXdaas dire, TdBe Br), co 'Bevo- 
<f)0)v, a av eXeyes' eyovrai ol avOpwrrot,* dXXa yap 
eprj/ioi ol Irnreh oXyovral /jlol aXXos aXXy Bccokcov 
real BeBoi/ca fir) avardvres dOpooi itov /ca/cov ri epyd- 
acovrau ol rroXepaoi. Bel Be /cal iv rah /coo/iacs /cara- 
fievecv TLvas r)[xo)V ■ /xearal ydp elaiv dv0pco7rcov. 'AXX* 48 
iyco puev, e(f)7j 6 aevo(j)cbv, avv oh eyjy ra atcpa /cara- 
Xityofiab ■ av Be KXedvopa /ceXeve Bid rod rreBlov rrapa- 
relvai rrjv cpdXayya irapa ra<; /coofias. iirel Be ravra 
irrotrjaav, awrfkiaOrjaav dvBpdiroBa puev a>? ylXia, 
j36e$ oe Bia^iXioi, rrp6(3ara dXXa [ivpta. rore fiev Br) 
avrov rjvXia6r]aav. 

Tfj 8' varepata /cara/cavaa<; 6 Xev6v)<$ ra? /cco/ias 4 
7ravre\a)<; /cat olfctav ov&epLiav \L7rdov, ottcds cf)6/3ov ev- 
Beur] /cal roh aXkots, ola rreiaovrai, av pur] irelOcovrai, 
drrrjei rrakiv. /cal rrjv fiev \elav drreirepL-^re hiariOe- 2 
a6ai 'HpaKXeiSrjv eh UepivOov, 07t<d? av pLiaObs yevoiro 
roh arparicorai^' • avrbs Be ical ol "EXkrjves iarparo- 
nrehevovro dva rb Qvv&v rreSlov. ol 6' eKkurrbvre^ 
ecf)evyov eh ra op?], rjv Be yicov ttoWtj /cal ^{^09 3 
ovro)9, coare rb vBcop, b icpepovro errl Belrrvov, err^yvvro 



196 xenophon's anabasis. 

■ 

teal 6 olvos 6 iv toZs dyyelocs, teal tcov ^Xkrjvcot 

4 iroXXtov teal plves direKalovro /ecu wra. kcu Tore BrjXov 
iyivero, ov evetca ol Opa/ces Tas dXwireKlBas iirl to-?? 
KecpaXals (popovon teal tols coal, teal yiT&vas ov jjlovov 

7T€pl T069 CFTepVOLS dXXd KCLL 7T6pl Tols JjLTjpOLS, fCCtl %€(,- 

pas ^XP b T ^ )V 7ro ^ v c^ T ^ )l ' r L7r7T(ov eyovaiv, ahX ov 

5 / x\ajjLv8as. d<fiiels Be tcov al^jiaXdarcov 6 ^evdrjs els 
tcl opt] eXeyev, ore, el pur) Kara(3i]o-ovrai oIkijctovt€S kcu 
TrelcrovTCU, ore KaTciKavcrei kcu, tovtcoiT Tas Kco/ias kcu 
top alrov, kclI airoXovvrcu toj Xl/jloj. ck tovtov Kare- 
ftaivov koI yvvaoKes kcu iralBes kcu ol rrpea^vrepoi' 
ol he veooTepoi ev tois vito to opos kgo/acus tjvXl&vto. 

6 kcu 6 %ev6r)s Kara/JLaOcbv iKeXevcre tov gevocfrcovTa tcov 
ottXltcov tovs vecordrovs Xa(36vTa crvveTriQ-TrecrOai. kcu 
dvacrTcivTes tt)s vvktos dfia rfj rjfJiepq TrapTJcrav els 
Tas KOijJias. kcu ol puev ifkelcTTOL i^eepvyov* ttXtjctIov 
yap rjv to opos ' oaovs Be eXafie KaT7]K0VTcaev dcpetBcos 
£ev07)s. 

7 'EirLtrOevrjs S' rjv res "OXvvOlos 7raiBepacrTr)s, o? 
IBcov iralBa KaXbv rj/SdcrKOVTa dpri nreXTrjv e^ovra 
fieXXovra aTroOvrjcrKeiv, TrpocrBpapbcov tievocpcovTa Ik£- 

8 revere j3or)0r)crai iraiBl KaXto. kcu o? irpocreXOccv tco 
^evOrj Beercu jjlt) diroKrelvcu tov iralBa, kcu tov *Etti- 
aOevovs BirjyeiTai tov Tpoirov, kcu oti X6%ov iroTe 
crvveXet;aTO cTKOinov ovBev aXXo r) el Tives elev KaXol, 

9 kcu [leTCb tovtcov rjv civrjp dyaOos. 6 Be XevOrjS rjpeTO, 
*H kcu BeXois civ, Si 'EirlaOeves, virep tovtov diroOa- 
velv ; 6 B ' elirev dvarelvas tov Tpayrfkov, Hale, ecprj, 

10 el KeXevei 6 Trals Kal fieXXei %dpiv eiBevai. eirrjpeTO 
6 XevOrjs tov iralBa, el nralaeiev avTov dvT eKelvov. 
ovk ela 6 irals, dXX iKereve firjSe erepov KaTaKalveiv. 
ivravOa Br) 6 ^E7ricr6evr)s 7repiXaf3cbv tov iralBa elirev, 
a flpa goi, & XevQiq, irep\ TodBe fioi BiaybdyeaQai' ov 

11 yap fAeOrjcrcd tov TraiBa. 6 Be Hevdrjs yeXcov Tavra 



BOOK VII. CHAP. IV. 197 

^.ez> e^a* eootje be aurw avrov avXiorurjvai, iva fjurjo etc 
tovtcov rcov KcofJbwv ol errl tov bpovs rpecpoivro. teal 
avrbs /Jiev ev tw ireBUo viroKaraftds icncrjvov, 6 Be aevo- 
(pcov eywv rovs erriXeKrovs ev rfj vrrb to opos dva)rdra> 
Kcofir], Ka\ ol aXXoi "EXXqves ev rocs ope iocs KaXov/xe- 
vois &pa^l ifkrjcriov KareaKi]vr]aav. 

'Etc rovrov 7]jjiepai r ov iroWal Bierpiftovro, Kal ol 12 
etc rod opovs @pa/ce<; Karafiaivovres rrpbs tov ^ev07]v 
irepl airovBwv Kal o/xypcov Bcerrpdrrovro. koX 6 &evo- 
<p(bv eXOcov eXeye rep 5lev6ri, otc iv 7rovrjpois tottols 
aKrjvolev Kal 7tXt]o-iov elev ol rroXepLioi' ijBibv r av e^co 
avXi^eaOai ecfyrj ev e^vpols %ft)^tot? piaXXov i) ev rocs 
creyvois, ware diroXeaOai. 6 Be Qappeiv eKeXeve Kal 13 
eBei^ev opLrjpovs irapovras avrw. eBeovro Be Kal tov 
> Eevo(f)a)VTO$ Kara/3 a ivovres rives rcov eK tov opovs 
av/jbirpd^ai ac^iai ras o~7rovBds. 6 £' ajfioXoyec Kal 
Qappelv eKeXeve Kal r]yyvdro pirjBev avrovs KaKov rrei- 
aeadai ireidofievovs ^ev6rj. ol 6' dpa ravr eXeyov 
KaracrKOTrrjs eveKa. 

Tavra fiev rrjs rjpiepas iyevero • els Be rrjv eiriov- 14 
crav vvKra emriQevrai eXObvres eK rod opovs ol Qvvoi. 
Kal ?)yep,Q)v fxev tjv 6 BeairbrTjs eKacrrys rrjs oiKtas' 
^aXeirbv yap r\v aXXcos ras oiKias cfkotovs ovtos avev- 
piGKeiv ev rats Kco/iais' Kal yap al oiKiac kvkXw 
irepiecrravpcovro /jieydXois crravpois rcov r upo/3drcDV 
eveKa. eirel S' eyevovro Kara ras Qvpas eKaarovlD 
rod oiKrj/jiaTOS, ol piev elo-TjKovri^ov, ol Be rots crKvrd- 
Xois efiaXXov, a e%eiv efyacrav go? diroKo^ovres rcov 
Bopdrcov ras Xby^as, ol S' eveiripiirpao-av, Kal aevo- 
(pcbvra bvofxao-rl KaXovyres i^cSvra eKeXevov drroOvrj- 
GKeiv, rj avrov ecpacrav KaraKavOijcreaOai avrov. Kal 16 
rjBr] re Bid rod 6p6cj)ov efyaivero 7rvp, Kal evredcopa- 
Kio-fievoo ol irepl aevocpcovra evBov rjaav darriBas Kal 
fia^alpas Kal Kpdvrj e^ovres, Kal XCXavbs MaKearcos 



198 xenophon's anabasis. 

ircov 7]Br] cw? oKTCOKalSe/ca cov cr^jiaivei rfj crdXTnyyi* 
teal ev0v<z etcinqhcocnv ecnrao-juLevoi, tcl %i(p7} /cal ol e/c 

17 tcov ' aXXcov or/crjvcD/jidTcov. ol he Opafces cpevyovcrov, 
oocnrep hrj rpoiros r(v avrols, oiriaQev irepi^aXXofievoi 
ras irekTas' /cal ai)Tcov vTrepaXXo/mevcov rov? crravpovs 
iXtfcf)07)o-dv Tives /cpe/jbacr0evTe^ eveyopuevcov tcov TreXrcov 
to2<$ GTavpols' ol he /cal anriQavov hiafiapTOVTes tcov 

18 e^ohcov ol he (/ EXX7)ve<z ihlco/cov e%co tt}? kcojxtj^. tcov 
he ©vvcov vTroo-Tpafyevres Tives ev tcq tr/coTei tov<$ 
irapaTpeypvTas Trap oliciav /caiopuevrp tj/covti^ov eh to 

CpCO<$ €fC TOV CTKOTOVS ' KOi €TpCDO~aV ^lepCOVVfJLOV T6 EvO- 

hea Xo^aybv /cal Qeoyevrjv Aoicpbv Xoyaybv diredave 
he ovheh * KCLTetcavOr) pevroL /cal ecr07]<; tlvcov /cal tr/cevrj. 

19 ^ev07]$ he rjtce jSorjOtfcrcov avv egrrd lirnrevcn Toh irpco- 
TOt? /cal tov G"a\7n<yfcrrjV e^cov tov Gpa/ciov. /cal eVet- 
irep fjaOero, oaovirep y^pbvov e$or)0ei, ToaovTOV /cal 
to tcepas ecj)0eyyeTO avTco. ware /cal tovto cj)6/3ov 
avpmapeaye tois TroXe/Jbloi?. eirel <>' rfkOev, ehe^c- 
ovto re /cal eXeyev, gtl oIolto Te0vecoTa$ iroXXovs ev- 
pr\aeiv. 

20 'E/c tovtov 6 zevocpcov helrai tov? 6[Ar)pov$ Te avTco 
irapahovvat, teal eirl to opos, el fiovXerai, orvcrrpareve- 

21a6ac el he fir), avrov eaaai. rfj ovv yaTepaia nrapa- 
hihcoatv 6 ^ev07]s tovs 6/Mijpovs, 7rpeo-j3vTepov<> avhpas 
7]Bt], tov$ tcpaTLcnovs, &>9 ecpaaav, tcov bpeivcov, teal avrbs 
epyerai avv rf} hvvd[xei. rjhrj he ei%e tcai TpiirXaaiav 
hvva^cv 6 ^evdijs' etc yap tcov 'Ohpvacbv d/covovTes, a 
irpaTTOi 6 ^evOTjs, 7foXXol /caTe(3aivov avaTpaTevao/xe- 

22 vol. ol he Svvol, errel elhov dirb tov 6pov<$ iroXXovs 
jjiev orrXtTaSy ttoXXovs he ireXTaaTa^, ttoXXovs he lirTrels, 
KaTafiavTe? 1/ceTevov aTreio-acrOai, nal irdvTa cofioXoyovv 

23 Troiqcreiv teal tcl ttio-tcl XajLiftdveiv etceXevov. 6 he 
^evO^s tcaXecras tov &evoc\)covTa errehecKwev a Xeyoiev, 
teal oitfc e^)?; cnreicreo-Oai, el aevocpcbv fiovXoiTO TifMcopr}- 



BOOK VII. CHAP. IV. V. 19 & 

<raa9cu avrov<; 7779 eV^ecrea)?. 6 8' elirev, 'AXX* eycoye2i 
l/cav7]V vo/jLl^co ical vvv hiicrjv eyeiv, € ' L ovtol 8ovXol ecrov- 
rac avr eXevdepcov. av/xfiovXevecv jjuevroo ecprj avrS 
to Xolttov opuripovs Xa\i$dveLV tovs Swarcordrov^ /ca/cov 
ti iroielv, tovs 8e yepovTas oi/col eav. ol fjuev ovv ravrj] 
irdvres 8rj 7rpocrco/jLoX6yovv. 

' T7rep(3dX\ov(TL Be 7rpo? tovs inrep Bv&vtlov Opa- 5 
kcl<; eh to AekTd /caXovfievov avTt) S' rjv ov/ceTL dpyj] 
McucrdSov, dXXa Trjpov? tov ^Ohpvcrov [, dpyaiov tl- 
po?]. ical 6 ^HpaKkeihr}^ evTavOa e^cov tt)V tljjlt]v t?}? 2 
Xeias waprjv. ical Xzvdiys e^ayaycov ^evyy rjfuovifca 
Tpia, ov yap r\v irXelco, tcl he ciXXa fioeLicd, KaXeaas 
EevocfroavTa e/ceXeve XafteZv, tcl 8e ciXXa 8iavelp,ai rot? 
orTpaTTjyoh ical Xo^ayoh. ftevocfrcbv 8e elTrev, ^Efiol 3 
uev tolvvv dp/cel teal avOis Xafielv tqvtqls 8e tols 
aTpaT7)yol$ Bcopov, ot arvv e/jLol rj/coXovQ-qo-av, /cal Xo^a- 
70t?. /cal Twv ^evycov Xapfidvei ev fjuev TifMaalcov 6 4 
Aap8avevs, ev 8e KXedvcop 6 'OpyopbevLos, ev 8e Qpvvl- 
a-fcos 6 'A%aio<;' tcl he (3oeucd ^evyr) Toh Xoyayoh 
/caTefieplcrOr). tov 8e [jllgOov diToStScocrLV i%eXr)XvdoTO<> 
rj8rj tov /jLTjvbs el/cocn fiovov rj/jLep&v o yap ^Hpa/cXel- 
8rj<; eXeyev, otl ov irXelov ifnroXrfcrai. 6 ovv Eevocpcbv 5 
a^Oeo-dels elirev eTrofxoaa^, Ao/ceh /*ot, w 'Hpa/cXelBrj, 
ov% a>9 8el /crj8ecr0ac XevOov el yap e/crj8ov, rj/ces av 
cfrepcov TrXrjpT] tov (jllgOov ical Trpoo-BaveLad/jLevos, el firj 
aXXco? e8vvco, /cal a7ro86/j,evos tcl eavTOv IfiaTLa. 

'EvTevOev 6 c Hpa/cXei8r]S ^yQeo-Qt] re teal e8eLo~e, 6 
/xrj e/c t?}? Xevdov 0t/V/a? i/cfiXrjOeLT], ical 6,tc e8vvaT0 
curb TavTTjs t?}? rj/nepas aevocpcovTa 8ie/3aXXe 7r^o? 
^evOrjv. ol fiev 8rj crTpaTicoTat p,evo(f)Ci)VT(, ive/cdXovv, 7 
otl ov/c eiyov tov /jllo-06v • Xevd-qs 8e rj^OeTO avTw, otl 
evTovcos toZ? cTTpaTLcoTaLS drryTeL tov [jllo~66v. /cal Tecos 8 
fjuev del e/xe/JbvrjTO co?, eireihav eirl QdXaTTav direXOri, 
7rapa8(ocreLv avTco BLadvOrjv ical Tdvov ical Neov 



200 xenophon's anabasis. 

rel^o?' airb he tovtov tov yjpbvov ovhevbs em tovtcov 
i/jLe/j,V7]TO. 6 yap 'Hpa/cXeihrjs /cal tovto ht,e{3ej3Xij/cei,, 
w? ov/c dacpaXh elr] Tei^r) irapahihovat dvhpl hvva/jiiv 
eyovTi, 

9 'Etc tovtov 6 fiev aevocpcov e/3ovXeveTO } tl %pr) 

iroielv Trepl tov gtl dvco aTpaTevecrOat' 6 S' f .Hpa/cXeL- 
hr)<$ elcrayaycov tovs aXXovs o~Tpa,T7]<yov$ 7rpbs XevOrjV 
Xeyeiv Te e/ceXevev avTovs, otl ovhev dv t\ttov creels 
dydyoiev tt)v GTpaTiav r\ i&evocfiwv, tov T6 fJutaObv vtti- 
o-yyeuTO avTol? eWo? oXiycov rj/mepcov e/C7rXecov Trape- 
*^ aeaOac hvolv fiiivoiv, Kal crvaTpaTeveaOaL eKeXeve. 

10 /cal 6 Tt/LLacrLOdV elirev, 'Eyce /mev tolvvv ovh\ dv irevTe 
fjLTjvodv paaObs P^kXkrj elvai, GTpaTevo-aiyiiqv dv avev 
p<evo(f)covTos. Kal 6 <I>pvviQ~Kos Kal 6 KXedvcop crvvco- 

1 ] fioXoyovv tS Tc/jiacrlcovL. evTevOev 6 XevOrjs eXoihopei, 
tov 'HpaKXeihiiv, otl ov irapeKaXeL /cal tievocfrcovTa. 
etc he tovtov irapaKaXovcriv avTov [xbvov. 6 he yvovs 
tov 'HpaKXeihov tt)v iravovpyiav, otl (3ovXolto avTov 
SiafBdXXetv irpbs tol»? aXXovs aTpaTiiyovs, irapepyeTai 
Xaftcov tovs Te crTpaTiqyovs irdvTas /cal tovs Xo%ayov<;. 

12 Kal eirel irdvTes eTrelaOrjaav, crvvecri parevovTO, /cal 
dcpc/cvovvTai, ev Select e%ovTe<z tov Uovtov Sod tcov Me- 
Xcvo(f)dy(0V /caXov/juevcov OpciKcov els tov XaX[Avhr)crcr6v. 
evOa tcov els tov Uovtov irXeovacov vecov 7roXXal 6/ceX- 
Xovctl Kal i/cirLTTTOvcTL' Tevayos yap ecTTiv eirl Trdjju- 

13 7roXv ttjs QaXaTTTjs. /cal 01 ©pa/ces 01 icaTa TavTa 
ol/covvTes o~T7]Xa<; opLadfievoL Ta /caO avTov? e/cTrl- 
TTTovTa e/cacTTOL Xrjl^ovTai' rew? he ekeyov, irplv bpl- 
aaaOai, dpird'CpvTas ttoXXovs vir dXXtfXcov diroOvrj- 

14 a/cecv. evTavda ebpicncovTO TroXXal puev /cXlvai, 7roXXd 
Be /CL/3cQTta, TToXXal he /3lj3Xol yey pa/ifiivaL, /cal TaXXa 
7roXXd 60 a ev ^vXlvois Tevyeai vavtcXiqpoi dyovcriv* 
evTevOev TavTa /caTaaTpetydfievoi, diryeaav irdXcv. 

15 evda hrj XevOiqs el%e aTpaTev/xa 7]hrj TrXeov tov ( EXXi]- 



BOOK VII. CHAP. V. VI. 201 

vlkov' etc re yap 'Ohpvawv rroXv ere irXetovs tcara/3e- 
/3rjtceaav teal ol del TrecOopLevoc crvvearparevovro. tca- 
rrjvXicrOrjcrav 8' iv toj irehUo virep Xrfkvfipias ocrov 
rptd/covra arahiovs direyovres rrjs SaXdrrrj^. teal \ G 
fjLccrOds puev ovhefc 7T(o i<palvero' irpbs he rbv Revo- 
(ficovra 01 re arparccbraL irayyaXeTrcos elyov 6 re %ev- 
#77? ovtceri ot/ce/o)? hii/ceLro, dX)C orrore GvyyeveaOai 
avroj fiovXopLevos eXOoi, rroXXal 77877 dcryoXiai e<pai- 
vovro. 

'Ev tovtoj rS ygovw cryehov 77877 hvo firjvwv ovrcov (j 
dcfrctcveirac Xappivos re 6 Adtcojv teal UoXvvlicos rrapd 
Sc/3pcovo<;, teal Xeyovcriv, ore AatcehatpLovioLS hotcec arpa- 
revecrdai errl Tcaaacpepvrjv, teal Qifipoov etcTrerrXevtcev 
&)? TroXefirjcrcov, teal helrai ravrrj^ T779 o~rparids teal 
Xeyec, ore hapet,tcb<; etcdarq) ecrrac pucrObs tov pbr]v6<$, 
/cat Tot? Xoyayols hipuoipla, rot? he err parity ols rerpa- 
fiocpla. irrel 8' rjXdov ol AatcehaupLovioi, evOvs 6 'Hpa- 2 
tcXelhrjs Trvdo/xevos, ore errl to arpdrevpa tjicovctl, Xeyec 
toj ^evOrj, ore /cuXXlcttov yeyevqrat' ol puev yap Aa/ce- 
haipbvioi heovrai tov arparevparos, crij he ovKert hey 
aTTohihovs he to arpdrevpua yupiel avTois, ae he ovtcerc 
drrairi^crovaL tov ptaOov, dXX' drraXXd^ovrai etc T779 
yoopas. dtcovaas ravra 6 ^evdr)^ tceXevec rrapdyeiv 3 
/cat eirel elirov, on eirl to arpdrevpa 7]tcovaiv, eXeyev, 
OTi to arpdrevpLa dTTohlhcocrc, <filXos Te teal crvppuayos 
elvai fiovXerai. KaXel re avrovs eirl ^ivca' teal e£e- 
vi^e p,eyaXoTrperro)<$. ^evo^oivra he ovtc e/cdXei, ovhe 4 
roiv dXXcov arparTjycov ovheva. epcorojvrcov he rebv 
AatcehatfLovlcov, t/? dvrjp elrf ftevocfioov, diretcpivaro, on 
rd puev dXXa ei'r) ov tea/cos, (f)LXoo-TpaTi(x>T7]s he' ical 
hid rovro yelpbv earcv avrd). tcai ol elirov, *AXh! 77 
hrjpbaywyel 6 dvyp roi)? avhpas ; icaX 6 'HpatcXelhr]?, 
Udvv p.ev ovv, e<p7). ' r Ap ovv, e<pacrav, pur} teal r\pXv o 
ivavrcooaeTac T779 diraycoyf^ ; 'AXX' rjV vptels, e<f)-r) 6 

9^ 



202 XENOPHON S ANABASIS. 

c Hpa/cXelB7}<;, avXXe^avTe<; avTovs viroo-^rjaOe tov /U* 
crObv, bXlyov e/ceivw Trpocr^ovTe^ diroBpapiovvTaL crvv 

6 v/uv. Uco? ovv av, ec^aaav, tj/jllv crvXXeyelev ; Avpiov 
vjAas, ecf)7} 6 ^Hpa/cXeiBrjs, it pan d^ofiev 7r/?o? clvtovs* 
/cal olBa, €(pi], ore, eireiBdv u//<x? lBcdctlv, da^ievoi crvv- 
hpajJLOvvrai. ami) fiev rj r/jjuepcu ovtcds eXrj^e. 

7 Tfj §' vcTTepala dyovaiv iirl to arpdrevfjua tqv<$ 
Ad/ccovas ^evdrjs re /cal c Hpa/cXeiB7]$, teal avXXeyeTac 
7] arpand. tcq Be Ad/ccove eXeyeTrjv, otl AatceBaifio- 
viois Botcel TToXefielv Ticrcra<pepvei, rS v/acls dBitcrjaravTi* 
r)v ovv C7]re crvv tj/jllv, tov re e^Opbv TifKoprjaeade /cal 
Bapei/cbv e/cacrTOS oXcrei tov /-m^o? vficov, Xo^aybs Be to 

8 BarXovv, crTpaTijiybs Be to TeTpairXovv. ical ol o~Tpa- 
tigjt(U acrpLevol T6 rjKovcrav /cal evdvs dviaTaTai Ti? 
tcov 'Ap/cdBcov tov &evo(f)G>vTos /caT7]yop?]o-cov. Traprjv 
Be /cal %evdr}<$, /3ovX6{ievos elBevai, tl nrpa^OrjaeTai, 
/cal ev eTTTjfcocp elaTtytcei eyav eppajvea' ^vviei Be /cal 

9 clvtos kXh/qviGTi to, irXelaTa. evda Br} Xiyec 6 'Aptcds, 
'AXX* rjfjL-els fiev, S) AatceBaipubvioi, /cal irdXai av rjjxev 
irap vjjllv, el yJr) Bevocfrcbv rj/u,as Bevpo Treicras dirrjya- 
yev, evOa Br) rj/iels fiev tov Beivbv ^eificova aTpaTevb- 
jjuevot /cal vv/CTa /cal r/jxepav ovBev TreiravpueQa* 6 Be 
tou9 i]fieTepov$ ttqvovs eyei' /cal %ev67)<; e/cecvov pbev 

10 IBiq ireifKovTi/cev, rjfias Be diroaTepei tov paaObv' o>o~Te 
6 ye TrpoiTOS Xeycov eyeb /xiv, el tovtov lBoc/jLO /caTaXev- 
aOevra teal BovTa Bl/ct]v oov / r)/id<; irepielXtce, /cal tov 
[ALcrObv av jjlol Bo/coy eyeiv /cai ovBev eirl tols irsirovr)- 
[Aevois ayOecrOai. jieTa tovtov aXA-o? dveaTT) ojjlolco^ 
/cal aXXos. i/c Be tojjtov ttevocpoov e\e^ev wBe. 

11 'AXXd irdvTa p,ev dpa dvOpayirov ovTa irpocrBoKav 
Bet, OTTOTe ye /cal eyco vvv vcj) vjjl&v aWla? ep eV & 
7rXelo-T7)V irpoOv/Jblav i/xavTO) ye Bo/cco aweiBevat, nrepl 
{jjjLcls irapea^pbevo^. d7reTpa7r6p,r)v fiev ye tjBtj oc/caBe 
d)p{A7]jjLevos, ov jjlc\ tov Ala ovtoi Trvv6avbjjLevo<^ vfias 



BOOK VII. CHAP. VI. 203 

ev irpdrreLV, dXXa fiaXXov atcovcov ev airopois elvat, 
co? cocpeXijacov, el tl Swal/jajv. eVel oe r)X0ov, Xev6ov\2 
tovtovI 7roXXov$ dyyeXovs 7roo? e'/xe nrepnTOVTO^ /cat 
TroXXa virLcryyovpukvov pLOL, el irei(jai\xi lipid? 7roo9 av- 
rbv eXOelv, tovto fiev ov/c eireyelpiicTa iroielv, o>? avrol 
vfieh eTrlcnacrOe, rjyov Be oOev cpbfiiqv Tartar dv vpud? 
eh ttjv ' Aa lav Stafirjvcu. ravra yap ical (3eXr terra 
evofiCCpv v/jLiv elvat /cal lipid? ySetv (3ovXopievov?. eirel 13 
S' ^ Aplarapyp? eXdcov avv rptifpecrtv etccoXve StarrXetv 
7}/LLas, e/c tovtov, oirep et'/co? 8?]7rov r\v, avveXe^a vptd?, 
oVco? fiovXevcralfieOa, 6, tl %pr) iroielv. ov/covv vpteh 14 
d/covovres ptev 'ApLardpyov eirLrdr tovto? vptiv eh Xep- 
pbvrjaov iropeveaOat, dicovovre? he XevOov irel6ovro? 
eavrco crvcrrpaTeveaOat, irdvre? ptev eXeyere avv XevOrj 
levat, irdvre? 8' e^7]cf)laacr6e ravra. rl ovv eyco ev- 
ravOa rjhlicrjcra dyaycov vpta? evOa iracrtv vplv e8b/ceL ; 
eirel ye firjv tyevhecrOaL yp^aro XevOrj? irepl rod fiL- 15 
o~6ov, el ptev eiraivco avrbv, SL/calco? dv fie /cal alrLcoaOe 
fcal fitaolre' el oe jrpocrOev avrco rrdvrcov ptdXtara cf)l- 
Xo? cov vvv irdvrcov Stacpopcorarb? elfit, irco? civ en ' 
SL/calco? vpta? alpov-fievo? dvrl XevOov vcjy bficov alrlav 
eyoLfit irepl cov rrpb? tovtov Stacpepoptat ; dlOC etrrotre 16 
dv, drt e^ecrrt /cal rd vpterepa eyovra irapd XevOov 
reyvd^etv. ov/covv 8f]Xov tovto ye, ore, elirep eptol 
ereXet re XevOr}?, ov^ ovrco? ireXet 8/]7rov, a>? cov re 
epuol holrj arepoLTO /cal dXXa vpttv dirorlaetev, dXX* 61- 
jiau, et eoioov, em rovrco av eotoov, ottco? efxot 001/9 
ptelov yt/r] diroholr] vpZv to irXelov. el rolvvv ovrco<; 17 
eyeiv olecrOe, etjecrrLv vjilv avrl/ca pudXa (laralav rav- 
rrfv rr]v irpd^iv dfAcporepoLs 7]jjlIv iroiYjaai, edv rrpdr- 
rrjre avrbv rd ^pi]/.Lara. SPjXov ydp, on %ev6r}$, el 
eyco tl irap avrov, diraLrrjcreL fie, /cal drratrrjaeL puevroL 
hLicalcos, edv pLii /3e/3aLco ri)v irpdfyv avrco, ecf) y iBcopo- 
hoKovv. dXXa ttoXXov puoL Sotcco 8elv rd vpLerepa eyecv IS 



204: xenophon's anabasis. 

bfivvco yap vfilv $eou? diravTas teal irdaas fxrfB^ a ifiol 
IBla vireayeTO $ev0r)<; eyeiv • irdpeaTi Be /ecu avTos iccu 

19 cIkovcov crvvoiBe fioc, el eiriopicw • Lva Be fiaXXov Qav- 
p,d(T7)T€, Gvveirbfivvfii fjL7)$€ d ol oXkoi arpaTTjyol e\a- 
(3ov el\r](f)evcu, fir) tolvvv fir/Be bcra twv Xo^aycov evioi. 

20 zeal tl Br) ravr eiroiovv ; <pfi7)v, co dvBpes, oaco fiaXkov 

aVfJL(j)epOL/JLL TOVTW T7)V T0T6 TTeViaV, TOCTOVTO) fiaXXoV 

avrbv (ptkov TroiTjcreaOat, OTrore Bvvao-Oeir). eya) Be 
dfia re avrbv opcb ev irpdrrovra, /cal yiyvcocrtccD Br) 

21 avrov rr)v yvcopbrjv. eXiroi Br] tis dv, ov/covv alcr^vvr) 
ovrco ficopcos e^a7raTcofievos ; val fid Ala yo-^vvofirjv 
fievTot, el virb TroXefiiov ye 6Wo? itjr}7raT7]6r]v (pl\(p 
Be ovtl e^airaTav auryiov fioi Bo/cel elvac r) e^aira- 

22 raaOai. eirel, el ye Trpbs (f)i\ovs earl (pvXa/oj, nraaav 
olBa vfids (pvXa^afiivovs &>$ fir) irapaayelv tovtcd irpo- 
epaenv Bitcaiav fir) diroBiBovai bfiiv a vireayeTO' ovre 
yap 7)BiK,r]<jafiev tovtov ovBev ovre fcare/SXa/cevaafiev 
ra tovtov ovBe fir)v KaTeBeikidaafiev ovBev e<§> 6, tl 

23 r)fia$ ovtos 7rape/cd\eo~ev. dXkd, (pairjTe dv, eBec to, 
ive^ypa Tore Xafielv, 0)9 fir)B\ el efiovkeTO, iBvvaro 
e^airaTav. irpbs Tavra Be dfcovcrare a iyco ovk, dv 
iroTe elirov tovtov ivavTtov, el fir\ fiou nravTairacnv 
dyvoofioves eBo/cetTe eivai r) Xiav els if^e d^dpicTTot. 

24 dvafivr]o-Qr]Te ydp, ev ttolois tlol irpdyfjiaaiv 6We? 
eTvyydveTe, e£ wv vfids iya> dvrjyayov Trpbs XevOrjv. 
ovk els fiev TLepivQov, el irpoafjTe rfj iroket, *Apio~Tap- 
^09 vfias 6 AatceBaifiovios ovk, eXa elcrievai dirofckeiaas 
to? irvkas, viraiQpioi B' e^co eaTpaTOTreBeveTe, fieaos 
Be %ecfioov r)v, dyopa Be i^pijcrOe crirdvia fiev opcovres 

25 to covta, airdvia B ' e^ovTes, otcov covrjcrecrOe, avdy/cr) 
Be r)v fieveiv eVl Opafcrjs' TpcrjpeLs ydp e^opfiovaai 
i/cd)\vov BuaTfXelv el Be fikvoi tls, ev TroXefila elvai, 

26 ev6a iro"KKol fiev limels r)aav evavTioi, nroKkoX Be ireKr 
raarai, r)fiiv Be birkiTucbv fiev r)v, & ddpoot fiev lovres 



BOOK VII. CHAP. VI. 205 

iirl to-9 fccbfAas lctcos av iSvvdpLeda ctItov Xafifidveiv 
ovSev tl a<fi6ovov, otco Se SicoKOVTe<; dv i) avSpdiroSa 
i) Trpofiara KaTeXapL/3dvopLev ovk rjv r/fuw ovre yap 
Ittttlkov ovre 7reXTCL<TTi,Kov en iyco o-vveo-TrfKos Kare- 
Xaj3ov Trap v/jllv. el ovv iv Toiavrrj dvdy/crj ovtcov 27 
vficov /L677S ' ovrivaovv fjaaOov TrpocracTrjcras XevOrjV av/i- 
t^aypv v/mv TrpoaeXafiov, eyovTa teal 'unreal ical ireX- 
raards, cov v/iels TrpoaeSelaOe, rj /ca/cft»9 av iSoKOW 
vyilv {3e/3ovXevcr0ai rrpb v/ncov ; t ovtcov yap Si]ttov 28 
Koivcovr]cravTe<; zeal ctltov d(p0ovd)Tepov iv Tat? KcopLais 
evpicr/cere Sid to dvay /career 6 ac tov? Qpdicas tcaTa 
cnrovBrjv fiaXXov cfrevyeLV, Kal TrpofiaTcov Kal dvSpa- 
ttoScov, fiaXXov fieTea^eTe. Kal TroXepLiov ol)KeTi ov- 29 
Seva ecopcofiev, iTreiSr) to Ittttlkov rjfuv irpoaeyeveTO' 
Tew? Se QappaXecos rjfjblv icpeLTTOVTO ol TroXepLioi ical 
lttttlkco Kal TreXTaaTLKco KcoXvovTes fArjSafif) kot oXl- 
yov% dTToo-fceSavvv/JLevovs Ta iiTLT^SeLa dcpOovcoTepa 
rjjid^ TTopi^eaOai. el Se Sr) 6 crv/jLTrape^cov vjjllv Tav- 30 
tt]v trjv dcrcpdXeiav pur) irdvv ttoXvv puaObv TrpocreTeXei 
r?)? do~<pa\eLa$, tovto St) to ayeTXiov Trd07)pLa Kal Scd 
tovto ovSafifj ol'eade y^prpjai ^covTa ipue idv elvai ; vvv 31 
Se Srj 7TW9 diTepyeo-Qe ; ov SiayeipudcravTes p,ev iv 

d(f)66vOLS TOt9 eTTtTTjSeiOLS, TTCpLTTOV S ' e^OVTeS TOVTO, 

ei ti eXd/3eTe irapd ^evOov ; Ta yap tcov TroXe/iLcov 
eSairavaTe. Kal TavTa TTpaTTOVTes ovTe avSpas eirel- 
SeTe v/xcov avTcov diToQavovTas ovTe i^covTas aTTe/3dXeTe. 
el Se tl KaXbv irpbs tgvs iv ttj ^ Acria /3ap/3dpov<> eVe- 32 

TTpaKTO V/JLLV, OV KOL iKCLVO CTCOV fyeTe Kal 7T/309 eKelvois 

vvv aXXr)v evxXeiav irpocreiXtfcpaTe Kal tovs ev ttj Ev- 

pooTrr) OpaKas, ecf) ovs icrTpaTevaaaOe, KpaTr\aavTes ; 

iyco p,ev vpLas fyrjfAi SiKaiu><;, av, &v ifiol yakeTraiveTe, 

tovtcov Tot9 r&6ot9 X^P iV 6 ^>ez/<zt ft)? dyaOoiv. Kal Ta pLev33 

Sr) vfieTepa ToiavTa. dyeTe Se Trpb<; Qe&v Kal Ta ip,d K ~t*p> 

crKe-tyaaOe ft?9 e%eL. iycb ydp, 6Ve pLev TrpoTepov airr/pa 



206 xenophon's anabasis. 

ottcahe, €%Q)V fJbev erraivov iroXvv rrpbs v/jLcov dTreiropevQ" 
/jLtjv, e^cov he hu > vjias /cal virb rcov aXXcov 'EXXrjvcov 
ev/cXeiav. emarevopb^v he vtto Aa/cehaip,ovioov • ov yap 

34 dv pie eirefiiTOV irdXiv rrpbs vpLas. vvv he drrepyopbai 
7T/50? puev Aa/cehatpioviovs v(f> vpucov hi,a/3ef3X7]pLevos, 
XevOr) he dii-Tj^OrjjjLevo^ virep v/ncov, bv rjkiu^ov ev rroiiq- 
cras jJbeQ* vpboov diroarpo^v teal ifiol /caXrjv koX rraialv, 

35 el yevoivro, Kara6j]crea6ai, vfiels h ', virep gov eyeb 
dirrj^Orjiial re irXelara /cal ravra rroXv Kpelrroacv 
ifiavrov, irpaypbarevopLevos re ovhe vvv irco ireiravpuai 
6, ti hvvap,ai dyaObv vpulv, roiavrr\v e%ere yvdopiTjv irepl 

36 ifiov. cDOC e^ere puev fie ovre (pevyovra Xa(36vre<s ovre 
dirohchpdcr/CGvra' r\v he iroirjcr^re a Xeyere, care, ort 
dvhpa tcaratcavovres ecreade iroXXd puev St) irpb vpucov 
dypvirvqaavra, iroXXd Be crvv vixlv irovrjaavra fcal tccv- 
hvvevaavra /cal ev too fxepei /cal irapd rb fiepos, Qecov 
<>' iXecov ovrcov teal rpbiraia, j3apf3dpcov iroXXd hr) avv 
vplv crrrjcrdpLevov, oircos he <ye payhevl rcov 'EXXrjvcov 
TroXepLLOL yevoiaOe, irav ocrov iyao ehvvdpqv irpbs vp,d<$ 

37 hiareivdp.evov. /cal yap ovv vvv vfilv e^ecrnv dveirikr]- 
tttgos iropevecrOai oirrj dv eXrjaOe /cal /card yr\v /cat 
Kara QdXarrav. v/iels he, ore iroXXrj vpZv eviropla 
(palverac, /cal irXeere ev6a hrj eiredvpuelre irdXac, heov- 
rai re vpbCov ol pueyiarov hwdpuevoi, pucrOos he (pacverat, 
rjyepiove^ he tjkovctl Aatceha.ipiovioi ol tepdnarou vopa- 
"Cppbevou elvab, vvv hrj /caepbs vpZv ho/cel elvai &>9 Tayi- 

38 crra epbe tcaratcavelv ; ov p,rjv ore ye ev tols diropoi% 
rjpiev, co irdvrcov pv7]p,ovL/ca>raroL, dXXa teal irarepa 
e/xe e/caXelre /cal del a>? evepyerov puepbvi)a6ai vmo-yyel- 
a6e. ov pbivroi dyvcopioves ovhe ovrol el&iv ol vvv 
r\tcovre^ e<§> u/xa?* coo-re, co? eyoo olpuai, ovhe tovtois 
ho/celre (BeXrloves elvau roiovroi ovres irepl ifie. ravr 
eliroov erravaaro. 

39 Xappblvos he 6 Aatcehaipuovio% dvaards elirev, 'AXX* 



BOOK VII. CHAP. VI. 207 

ov too clco, i/jLol fievroLy \_co dvBpes,^ ov Sifcaicos Bofcelre 
tw dvSpl tovtco 'xakeTraLveiv ' e^co yap Kal avro? avTia 
fiaprvprjaao. ^evOrjs yap eptOTtovTOS ifiov Kal Tlokv- 
vi/cov irepl EevocpcovTOS, Tt? dvrjp et'77, a\Xo fiev ovSev 
el'xe fjbejjL^aaOai, ayav Se ^CkoaTpaTLcoTT)v e<f)7) avTov 
elvac 8lo zeal ^elpov avTco elvcu irpos rjficov re tcov 
AatceSaijLLOvlcov /ecu 7rpo? avrov. dvacrra^ eVl tovtco 40 
EvpvXo^os AovaiciTT]^ 'Apfcas elire, Kal So/ceo ye julol, 
avSpes AcuceScafiovLOt, tovto Lyxa? irpcoTov rj/icov o~Tpa- 
TTjyrjcrac, irapd XevQov tj/mv t6v paaObv dvcnrpa%aL i) 
€k6vto<; 7) clkovtos, Kal /nrj irpoTepov rjfias dirayayelv. 
UoXyKpaTT]^ Se ^ AQr\valo<$ elivev dvaaTas vTrep Hei>o-41 
cficovTOS, ( Opco ye fJLiqv, ecj>rj, co avSpes, Kal 'Hpaickeihrjv 
ivTavOa TrapovTa, 09 irapaXaficov tcl ^prf/iaTa, a rjfJLeZ^ 
eTTOvrjcrajJbev, TavTa dirohofievos ovTe XevOr) direhcoKev 
ovTe 7]fxlv tcl ytyvofjbeva, a)OC auro? Kke-^ras TreiraTai. 
i)v ovv cr(Q<fipovcojjLev, e^o^eOa avTov' ov ydp $rj OUT09 
ye, e<j)7], ®pd% ecrTLV, ciXtJ c/ EWr)v cop ( 'EXkr]va<$ 
ahifcel. 

TavTa afcovcras 6 'Hpa/cXelSr]^ fiaka i^eirXdyrj • 42 
Kal irpocreXOcov tw £ev6rj Xeyec, *Hp,eZs v\v o~co(^>povco[iev 3 
airifiev evTevOev €K t?}? tovtcov eiTLKpaTeia^. Kal dva- 
BdvTe? eTrl tovs Xirirovs coyovTO dnreXavvovTes el<$ to 
eavTcov o-TpaTOireSov. Kal evTevOev %ev07]<; ire/xireo 43 
'Af3po^e\{A7]v tov eavTod kpp,i]vka Trpbs 'EevocficovTa Kal 
KeXevec avTov KaTa/juelvat Trap eavTco e^ovTa p^Xiou? 
owXtTas, Kal vTrco")(velTao avTco dirohcccTeLv Ta re ywpia 
tcl iirl QaXaTTj} Kal TtiXXa a virecr^eTO. Kal ev dirop- 
prjTta TroLTjo-dpLevos Xeyec, oti aKrjKoe UoXvvIkov, &)<?, el 
vTro-^eipios kcTTai AaKehaLpLOvioL$, cracf)CQ<; diroBavoLTO 
virb @ij3pcovo<>. iTrecTTeWov Se TavTa Kai dXkoc ttoX- 44 
\ol tw 'EevocficovTi, tw? 8La/3ej3X7)jj,evos e\t) Kal cpvXaT- 
TeaOat heov. 6 he aKovcov TavTa hvo tepela Xa(3cov 
idveTO tco All tcg fiacrCkei, nroTepd ol Xcoov Kal d/iecvov 



208 . xenophon's anabasis. 

elrj fjbeveiv irapa XevOy e^> oh 'XevOrjs Xeyev rj dirievai 
<tvv tw arparevfiaTL. dvaipel avrco dirievai. 

7 ^EvrevOev XevQrjs [lev direaTpaTOTrehevo-aro irpo- 
crcoTepa)' ol Se "EXXrjves io-Krjvrjcrav eh Kco/ias oOev 
e/uueXXov TrXelara eTno-iTicrdpLevoi eirl QdXarrav rfeeiv. 
al Be Koojiat avrac rjaav SeSo/mevao vtto Xevdov MrjSo- 

2 craSy. opcov ovv 6 MrjhocrdSrjs Bairavd>ixeva to, eavrov 
ev tcus fccb/jLcus viro twv ' EXXijvcov %a\e7rco? ecf^epe' 
teal Xaficov dvBpa ^OhpvcrrjV Swarcorarov tcov avcoOev 
Kara/3 ejBrj kotcov teal lirirea^ ocrov rpid/covra epyerai 
Kal nrpoKaXelrai Pievofpcovra ifc rod *EXXr)viKov o~rpa- 
revpLaros. teal 09 Xaficbv Ttvas rwv Xo^aycov teal aX- 

3 Xovs rcov eTTLrrjhetcov Trpocrep^eraL. evOa hr) Xeyeo 
MrjSoo-dSrjs, 'ASifcelre, Si Eevocfrcov, rds r/pLerepas kco- 

i-tjlf. yu-a? TTopOovvre?. irpoXeyopuev ovv vpuv, eyco re virep 

%ev@ov /cal ode 6 dvrjp irapd MrjSoKOV tj/ccov tov dvco 
(BacriXecds, dirievai Ik Trjs %a)/m<?* el 8e pur], ovk eiri- 
Tpeyjrofiev bfuv, dXX\ edv nroirjre KaKcbs rrjv r)pberepav 
%copav, &)? nroXefJLiovs dXe%6pue0a. 

4 'O he aevo^wv aKovcra? ravra elirev, 'AXXd crol 
fiev rooavra Xeyovn kol amoKpivaaQai yaXeirov* rovhe 
S' eveKa rov veavio-Kov Xe^co, Xv elhfj, oloi re vpieh eare 

5 Kal olo'i rjpueh. r)pbeh p<ev yap, ecf)7j } irplv vpulv (ptkoo 
yeveaOai iiropevopieda hid ravrr]<; t?}? ^d>pa<;, ottoo 
e(3ovXop.e6a, rjv fiev eOeXoupLev iropOovvre^, rjv 8' ede- 

6 Xoipiev Kaiovre^, Kal crv oirore irpo<s r)pt,ds eXOois irpea- 
fievcov, tjvXl^ov rore irap rjpLcv ovSeva cj>of3ov/jLevo<; to)v 
TToXepbLcov vfieh Se ovk yre eh Trjvhe tt}V ^oopav, rj el 
TTore eXdoire, &)? ev Kpetrrovcov %c*)pa rjvXl^ecrOe ejKe- 

r 7 %aXLVG)/jLevoLS roh Xiriroi^. eireX Se r)pu,v <plXoc iyeveade 

flH'/Zt^^ Kai ^' VH'Q'S a ^ v & e °h ex ere T V v ^ e T V V % c * > P ap > v ^ v $£ 
i^eXavvere r)p,as eK rrjcrBe tj}<; yjjdpa^, rjv wap' rj/ncov 

i^ovrcov Kara Kparos irapeXd(3ere • &)? rydp avrhs olaOa, 

8 ol TToXejjLCOi ov% Uavol rjaav rj/xas e^eXavveiv. Kal ov^ 



book vn. CHAP. VII. 209 

oVa)? Bcopa Sous teal eu Troirjcras dvd* o)V eu eiraOes 
d^iols y/j,a<; aTroTTejJL'^racrOai, S)OC drro7ropevo/jLevous 
rj/jLas oucT ivavkiaOfjvcu oaov Duvaaau eirirpeirei%. /cat 9 
raura Xeycov oure Qeous alcr^uvr] oure rovSe rbv dvSpa, 
65 vuv fJLev ere 6 pa rrXourouvra, rrplv Be i)jjblv (plXov 
yeveaQai drrb Xycrreias rbv ftlov e^ovra, co? aurbs 
efalcrOa. wrap re Kal rrpbs ejne Xeyeis raura; e<pr)'lQ 
ov yap eycoy ere apyw, dXXa AatcehaifiovLoi, ol? ufiels 
7rape8a)fcare rb crrpdreuyba drrayayelv ouSev e/uue rrapa- 
KaXecravres, co ^aupLaarbraroi, ottcds, cocrrrep dirr\yQa- 
v6fir)v aurols ore 7T/50? upuds rjyov, ourco Kal ^apccralfirjv 
vuv d7ToSiSov^. 

'Eirel raura ijKOUcrev 6 '0$pucrr)<;, elirev, 'Eyob /J,ev, 11 
0) MrjSoaaSes, Kara rfjs yrjs Karahuofiat uirb rrjs al- 
o~yyv7]^ d/coucov raura. kol el puev rrpocrOev r)rno-rd- 
/jL7]v, ovS' dv auv7]Ko\ou07]ad croc Kal vuv aireifjbi,. 
ouhe yap av M.rfioKQ<$ /xe 6 fiacrcXeus eiraivoit], el efe- 
XavvoLfjLL rou$ euepyeras. raur elTrcov dva(3d<$ errl rbv 12 
ittttov dirrjXauve Kal guv aurS ol dXXoo lirrrels ifkr^v 
rerrdpeov rj rrevre. 6 Se MTjSocrdSrjs, eXuireu yap aurbv 
7] ydypa iropdoufievT], eKeXeue rbv aevocficovra KaXecrac 
Tft) AaKeSacfiovlco. Kal 0? Xaficbv roij$ eirirriheiordrous 13 
rrpoariXOe rS Xap/JLLVto Kal UoXuvlkw kol eXe^ev, ore 
*KaXel aurous JS/Li-jhoo-dhr)? rrpoep&v direp aurS, dirievai 
eK T779 %ft>/5a?. oijiai dv ouv, ecj^r), up,d$ drroXafielv rfj 14 
crrparta rbv ocpetXo/jievov [xicrObv, el elrroire, on SeEer]- 
rai ufiwv 7) crrparid cruvavairpd^at rbv pucrObv i) Trap 
eKovros i) rrap aKovros ^euOou, Kal on rourcov ruyov- 
T£? irpoduficDS dv cruveirecrOai uplv (paat, Kal ore hUaia 
ujjilv hoKouGL Xeyecv, Kai ore urrecryecrQe aurols rore 
drnevai, orav rd hiKata eywaiv ol crrparccoraL. ukou- 15 
cravres ol AaKcoves raura efyacrav epelv Kal dXXa brrola 
dv Duvwvrai Kpdnara' Kal euOus eiropeuovro e^ovre^ 
rrdvra^ rou? eiriKaipious* eXQdtv Se eXe^e Xap/xlvos, 



210 XENOPHOnY ANABASIS. 

El [lev (tv n e%ei$, S) Mr)B6craBe$, 7rpb<; 97^0.9 \eyeiv t 
16 el Be fir}, 7]fJL€is 7r/?o? cfe e^ofiev. 6 Be MTjBocrdBrjs pudXa 
Brj v<f>ecfjLevcos, '^4XV iycb fiev Xeyco, e<j>r), /ecu 2ev6r]5 
rd avra, on d^iovpuev T01/9 </>/\oi>9 7][uv yeyevy fievovs 
(jut) tea/coos irdayeiv v(j) vficov. o,n yap av. tovtov? 
fed/coos iroirfre rjfias tjBt] 7roiolre % ?]/nirepoi yap elcrtv, 
17 f i?ya£t? rolvvv, ecpacrav ol Ad/ccoves, diriOifJiev av, oirore 
tov yaadbv e^otev ol ravra vpZv Kararrpd^avre^' el Be 
jjbrj, epyoyueQa \iev koa, vvv /3o7]6tfcrovre<z rovroi? koI 
TCjuLcop7]cr6fjievo(, avBpa<;, ot rovrovs irapa tovs op/cov? 
rjBl/crjcrav. rjv Be By koI vfieis roiovroi rjre, evOevBe 

18 ap^opLeOa rd Blicaia Xa/Jij3dveiv. 6 Be aevocpcov eurrev, 
^EOeXoire B* * dv tovtols, eo M<r]B6craBe<;, eitirpk-^ai, 
eireiBi} <filXovs e<pare elvai vjmv, ev &v rfj %copq> ecrpbev, 

19 birbrepa av ^^Icroivrai, eW* vfia^ irpocrrjicev e/c rf}$ 
%cepa<z dirievai elre rjfjbds ; 6 Be ravra pcev ovk e(pr]* 
e/ceXeve Be [xaXiara puev avra) rco Ad/ccove eXdelv rrapcu 
]£ev07]v rrepl rov pucrOov, teal oleaQai av Xevdrjv irel- 
o~ai' el Be paf), aevoipcovra crvv avra> nrepLireiv, ical ctvjjl- 
rrpd^eiv bincr^eZro. eBelro Be Ta.9 fccbpLas purj tcaieiv. 

20 ^EvrevQev irepjirovai tievo^covra kol crvv avrS ol 
iBofcovv emr^Beioraroi elvai. 6 Be eXOoov Xeyei irpos 

21 XevOrjv, OvBev drrairrjcrcov, co ^levdrj, rrdpeijii, dXXa 
BiBd^cov, tjv BvvcofJbai, C09 ov Bi/caicos fioi rj^OecrOris, ort 
virep roiv errpancorebv dirrjrovv ere irpodvfzco^ a vire- 
crypv avrol^' crol yap eycoye ov% rjrrov evopa^ov crvpu- 

22 (pepov elvau diroBovvai r) ifcelvoi? a7ToXa/3elv. rrpebrov 
puev yap olBa fxera rov<; Qeovs eh to <^avepov ae rov- 
tol>9 Karaariqaavra^, eirel ye j3a<Tt\ea ere eiron]crav 
TroWrjs yjjdpa<$ /cal ttoWcov dvOpanrcDV cbcrre ov^ olov 
re croi \avQdveiv ovre tjv n /caXbv ovre r\v n alcr^pov 

23 iroLTjcrr]^. rotovrca Be bvn dvBpl /ieya [xev jjlol eBoKeb 
elvai pur) Bo/celv d^aplarco<; dTrorrepi'^aaOai avBpa<; 
evepyeras, pueya Be ev d/coveiv virb e^aKicr^iXicov av- 



BOOK VII. CHAP. vn. 211 

OpcoircDV, to Be fieyicrTov firjBaficD? aiTKJTOV cravrbv 
Karaarrjcrai, o,tl \eyoi<;. opcD yap tcdv fiev d7ricrTCDv2i 
fjLCLTdLovs teal aSvvdrov? /cal arifiovs rovs \6yous ifka- 
vcDfievovs ' ol 8' av cfravepol CDcnv d\r]Qeiav dcr/covvTes, 
tovtcdv ol "koyoi, r]v tl BecDVTai, ovBev fielov BvvavTai 
avvaaaOat, rj aXkcDV r) /3la' r]v Te tlvcls acDcppovl^eiV 
/3ov\(dvtcu, yiyvcDcr/ccD ra? tovtcdv aireiXas ov% i)ttov 
GCDc\>poviCpvcra<$ rj aXXcov to 97877 /cdXd^eiv rqv re tw ti 
VTTio-yy&VTCn, ol tolovtol avBpes, ovhev fielov Biairpdrr- 
tovtcli rj aXkoi Trapa^prjfia BiBovTes. dvafivr]a6rjTi Be 25 
/cal crv, tl irpoTeXecras r)filv GVfifidyovs r)fia<z eAa/3e?. 
olcrO* oTi ovBev dXka incrTevOels dXrjdevcreiv a eXeye? 
eirr]pa<; togovtovs dvOpcoirovs avcrTpaTevecrOal Te /ecu 
/carepydcracrQaL croi dpyjqv ov Tpid/covTa fiovov d^lav 
TaXdvTcov, oaa oIovtcli Belv ovtoi vvv diroXafielv, dXXd 
iroXXairXaalcDV. ov/covv tovto fiev nrpcDTOV to 7rt-26 
cFTevecrOai ere to /cal ttjv fiacriXeiav croi icaTepyacrd- 
fievov tovtcdv tcdv ^prjfiaTcov V7r6 crov imrpdcr/ceTai. 
IQi Br) dva[JLvr)cr6r}TL, 7r&>? fieya rjyov tot€ /caTairpd^a- 27 
crOai a vvv /caTacrTpe-^rdfievos e^et?. eyco fiev ev otS' 
OTi ev'gco av Ta vvv Treirpay/iiva fiaXXov croi nara- 
irpayOrjvai rj iroXXairXdcna tovtcdv tcdv %pr)fidTCDV 
yevecrOai. ifiol tolvvv fiel^ov /3\a/3o9 /cal alcr^iov Bo/cei 28 
elvai to TavTa vvv fir] tcaTacryeiv rj TOTe fir) Xafielv, 
ocrcpirep ^aXeircaTepov e/c irXovalov irevrjTa yevecrOai rj 
dp^rjv fir) irXovTrjcrai, /cal bcrcp XvirrfpoTepov e/c J3acri- 
Xeco? IBicoTrjv (pavrjvai rj dpyj\v /at) fiacriXevcrai. ovkovv 29 
eTTio-raaai fiev, oti ol vvv croi virrjKooi yevofievoi ov 
cjaXla Trj cry eireiaOiqcrav biro crov dpyecrOai, aKlC 
dvdy/crj, icaX OTi eTriyeipolev av irdXiv iXevOepoi yiyve- 
crOai, el fir] Tt? auTOu? cpofios tcaTeyoi. TTOTepcD^ ovv 30 
olei fiaWov av cpofieicrOai Te avTovs /cal acocppovelv 
Ta Trpo? ere, el opcoev croi tov<$ o-TparicDTas ovtcd Bia/cei- 
fievovs 005 vvv Te fievGVTas dv y el crv /ceXepois, avdfe t 



212 xenophon's anabasis. 

av Tayy eXOovTas, el Beoi, aXXov? re tovtcov irepX 
aov atcovovras iroXXd dyaOd Tayy av aoi, oirore 
fiovkoio, irapayeveaOai, rj el /caTaBo^daeiav firjr dv 
dXXovs aoi ekdelv Bi airicrrlav etc tcov vvv yeyevrj- 
fievcov tovtovs re clvtols evvovarepovs elvai rj aoi ; 

31 dXXd [JLr)V ovBev irXr}6ei ye r)/jLcov Xei<fi6evTe<$ virel^dv 
croc, dXXd irpoaTaTcov diro p la. ov/covv vvv teal tovto 
kuvBvvos, jurj Xd[3coai TrpoaTaTa^ avTcov Tiva<; tovtcov, 
o'i vofjui^ovcriv virb aov dBi/celadai, rj /cal tovtcov tcpevr- 
Tovas tovs Aa/ceBaifiovlovs, edv oi fiev GTpcuricoTCLi 
viricT'yycovTai irpoOvpLOTepov avTols avaTpaTeveaOai, civ 
tci irapd aov vvv dvairpd^coaiv, ol Be AafceBai/ioviOi 
hid to BeeaQai Trjs aTpaTids avvaiveacoaw aiiTols 

32 TavTa. OTi ye fjurjv oi vvv V7T0 aoi &pa/ces yevofievoi 
iroXv civ TrpoOvjbiOTepov Xoiev eirl ae i) avv aoi ov/c dBrj- 
Xov aov jxev yap /cpaTOvvTO? BovXeia virdpyei avTols, 

33 KpaTovjJuevov Be aov eXevOepla. el Be /cal t?}? ^copa? 
irpovoelaQai r\Br\ Ti Bel co? ar)$ ovar}<?, iroTepcos av olei 
diraOrj /ca/ccov fiaXXov avTrjv elvai, el ovTOi ol aTpa- 
TicoTai diroXa(36vTe<$ a iy/caXovaiv elprjvrjv KaraXiirov- 
re? o'fyoiVTO, rj el ovtoC Te fievoiev co? ev iroXe^ia av 
re aXXovs ireipcpo Trkelova? tovtcov eycov dvTiaTpaTQ- 

34 ireBeveaOai Beofievovs tcov eiriT^Belcov ; dpyvpiov Be 
iroTepcos av irXelov dvaXcoQelr), el TOVTOis to 6<peiXo- 
fievov aTToBoOeir), rj el TavTa Te ocpeiXoiTO aXXovs Te 

35 /cpecTTOvas tovtcov Bid ae paaOovaOai ; dXXd yap 
^Hpa/cXelBrj, &)? 7rpbs ijJie eBrjXov, 7rdjii7roXv Bo/cei tovto 
to dpyvpiov elvai. rj [xrjv iroXv ye eaTiv ekaTTOV vvv 
aoi /cal Xafielv tovto teal diroBovvai rj irplv r)fia<; eXOelv 

36 7rpo? ae Be/caTOV tovtov fiepo?. ov yap dpiOfios eaTiv 
6 opl^cov to ttoXv /cal to oXiyov, dXX! r) Bvvafjus tov 
Te diroBiBovTOS teal tov Xa/JifidvovTOS' aoi Be vvv r) /caT 
iviavTov 7rp6aoBos irXelcov eaTai rj efiirpoadev Ta ira- 

37 povTa irdvTa, a e/ce/CTiqao. eyco fiiv, co Sevdrj, ravra 



BOOK VII. CIIAP. VII. 



213 



a>? cpiXov ovtos aov 7rpoevoov/jL7]v, oircos av re af;Lo<; 
Bo/coltjs elvao cov ol Seoi aoi eBco/cav dyaOcov eyco re firj 
Biacpdapeirjv ev rfj err par La. ev yap l'a6c, ore vvv eyco 38 
out av e^Opov {3ovX6/JLevo<z /ca/ccos iroirjaac BvvrjOetrjv 
avv tclvtt] rfj arparca ovr av, el croc iraXiv /3ovX'oifi7]v 
fiorjdrjaac, l/cavbs av yevotpbr/v ovtco jap irpos /xe r) 
crrparca Bid/ceiTai. tca'iTOi avrov ae fidprvpa avv 39 
$€0t9 elBoao iroiovpiaiy otl ovre eyw irapd aov iirl tois 
arparicoraL^ ovBev ovre ynjaa nrcoiroTe ek to lBlov ra 
e/ceivcov ovre a vivkayov \xoi airyTTjaa' 6/jLvv/jLL Be croi 40 
/jLTjoe diroBiBovTos Be^aaOai av, el jjltj koi ol arparicorao 
e/xeXXov ra eavTcov avvairoXayiftdveiv. ala^pbv yap 
7]v ra [lev epud BiaireirpdyQai, ra S' i/celvcov irepaBelv 
e/xe /ca/ccos eyovTa dXXcos re ko\ TifJLcojJbevov vtt i/celvcov. 
KaiTOL 'Hpa/cXelBrj ye Xrjpos Travra Bo/cel elvac 7rpo?41 
to dpyvpiov eyeiv e/c iravrbs Tpoirov iyco Be, co XevQi], 
ovBev vo/jll^co dvBpl aXXcos re ical dpyovTi /cdXXcov el- 
vai KTij/ia ovBe Xa/jLirporepov aperrjs /cal Bc/cacoavvrjs 
koX yevvaLOTr]Tos. 6 yap ravra eycov irXovrel [lev 42 
ovtcov (plXcov ttoXKwv, irXovTel Be ical dXXcov fiovXo- 
/jbivcov yeveaOac, /cal ev fiev irpaTTtov eyei tovs avv- 
7]a6r}ao/xevov<;, edv Be tl acfraXr}, ov airavi^eL tcov (Sotj- 
07]aovrcov. dXXa yap el /xijre e/c tcov e/icbv epycov 43 
Kare/naOes, ore aoi i/c t?}? ^rv^i]^ <plXo<; rjv, firjre e/c 
tcov e/jicov Xoycov Bi)vaaai tovto yvcovai, dXXd tovs tcov 
aTpaTtcoTcov Xoyovs ir&VToos /caTavorjaov Traprjada 
ydp /cal r) /coves a eXeyov ol ^eyeiv e/ie ^ovXo^evoi. 
/caT7]yopovv [lev ydp /aov 7rpo? Aa/ceBai[xoviov<;, &)9 ae 44 
nrepl irXeiovos iroiolfirjv ?) Aa/ceBatfiovLovs, avTol B 
eveicakovv ijiol, co? /idWov fieXot \xoi oircos to, ad /ca- 
Xco? ex ot V 07rQ) ^ TQ' eavTcov • ecpaaav Be fie koX Bcopa 
e^etf irapa aov. /cairoi Ta Bcopa TavTa iroTepov 45 
oleu avTOV$ /ca/covoidv Tiva eviBovTa^ [jlol Trpbs ae al- 
TidaOal pie eyeiv irapd aov rj irpoOvfilav ttoXXtjv irepl 



214 xenophon's anabasis. 

46 <xe Karavorjaavra^ ; iyco piev dlpiai irdvTas dv0pcoTrov<; 
vojiiCpiv evvoiav helv diro/ceiadai tovtco, irap ov dv 
hcopd Tt? \au/3dvrj. av he irplv piev virr)peTr)aai ti aoi 
ipie ihe^co r)heco$ /cal opipaai /cal epeovfj /cal ^eviois /cal 
oaa eaoiTo viria^vovpievos ov/c iveTripufkaao' iirel he 
tccLTkiTpa^as a ifiovkov Kal yeyevrjaai oaov iyco ihvvd- 
urjv pieyiaTOs, vvv ovtco pie aTipiov ovra iv to£? arpa- 

47 Tioorais ToXpbas irepiopdv ; aXkd pirjv ore aoi ho^ei 
aTrohovvai iricrrevco Kal tov yjpbvov hihdtjeiv ae /cat 
avrbv ye ae ov%i dve^eaOai tov? aol 7rpoepievov<; evep- 
yeaiav opcovrd aoi iyKaXovvTas. heopiai ovv aov, orav 
dirohihcps, 7rpo6vpie2a6ai ip,e nrapd toi$ aTpaTicoTai? 
toiovtov Troir\aai oiovirep teal irapeXafies. 

48 'A/covcra<; ravra 6 ^evOrjs KaTijpdaaTO ra aiTico 
tov fxr) irdXai drrohehbaQai tov jLiiaOov Kal irdvTes 
'HpaKkelhrjv tovtov vircoiTTevaav elvai' iyco ydp, ecfrrj, 
ovTe hievorjOrjv TrcoiroTe diroaTepr)aai aTrohcoaco Te. 

49 ivTevOev irdXiv eXirev 6 zevocpcbv, 'Eirel to'ivvv hiavofj 
dirohihovai, vvv iyco aov heopiai hi ijuov dirohihovai, 
/cal pL7) Trepuhelv pie hid ae dvopLoicos e%ovTa iv tjj 

50 aTpaTta vvv Te /cal 6Ve Trpo? ae dcpiKopieda. 6 S' eZ- 
Trev, 'AW' ovt iv rot? aTpaTicoTCiis ear) hi ipie aTipio- 
Tepos, dv Te pievr)s Trap ipiol %ikiov<i piovovs OTfkiTas 
eycov, iyco aoi Ta Te ^copla dirohcoaco /cal TakXa, a 

51 vireayop J 7]V. 6 he irdXiv elire, TavTa piev eyeiv ovtcos 
ov^ olov Te' diroirepuTre he r)pid<;. Kal pirjv, ecprj 6 
^evOrjs, /cal dacjyaXeaTepov ye aoi olha ov Trap ipiol 

52 pieveiv r) diTievai. 6 he ircikiv elirev, 'AXkd tt)v piev 
arjv irpovoiav iiraivoi' ipuol he pieveiv ov% olov Te' oirov 
8' dv iyco ivTipioTepos co, vopn^e /cal aol tovto dyaObv 

53 eaeaOai. ivTevOev Xiyei XevOrj^, ' " Apyvpiov piev ov/c 
e^co dlOC r) pmepov ti, /cal tovto aoi hlhcopn, TaXavTOV 
ySou? he e^a/coa '/ou? /cal irpofiaTa el$ TeTpa/cia^iKia /cai 
dvhpdiroha eh eX/coai /cal e/caTOV Tama \aj3oov Kal 



BOOK VII. CHAP. VII. VIII. 215 

tov$ rcov dhiKrjadvrodv ere Ofirjpovs irpoaXaftcov clitlQi. 
yeXdo~a% 6 p,evo<f>cbv elirev, *Hv ovv jult) e^CKvr)rat ravra 54 
ei? rbv /mgOov, tlvos rdXavrov (p7]<Tco e^ecv ; ap ovk, 
eTreihr) Kal erriKivhvvbv jjlol eartv, dmovra ye dfiecvov 
(pvXdrreaOai irerpovs ; rjKOves he ra? direiXds. Tore 
fxev hrj avrov efieive. 

Tfj h ' varepala direhcoKe re avrols a vireaj^ero Kal 55 
rovs ravra iXdaovras avveirefi^ev. ol he arpancorac kii't" 3 
rew? fiev eXeyov, co? aevocpcov ofyotro w? ^evdrjv olktj- 
crcov KaX a vireayero avrco aTroXrj-yfrojuevos • eirel Be 
avrov r\Kovra elhov, rjadrjcrdv re KaX irpocreQeov. aevo- 56 
<pcov h eirel elhe Xap/itvov re Kal UoXvvlkov, Tavra, 
e(f)7], KaX aeawcFrat So u//.a? rSj arparia, Kal irapahl- 
Bcojjii avrd iyeb v/jlIv vfieis he hiaQ eleven hidhore rfj 
err par ca. ol fiev ovv irapaXafiovres Kal XacfrvpoTrcoXas 
Karaarrjaavres iircoXovv, Kal ttoXXtjv el^ov alrlav. 
&evo(f)a)V he ov rrpoarjet, dXXa (fiavepbs rjv oiKahe ira- 57 
pao-Keva^b/nevos • ov <ydp rrco t|r?}(£o9 avrw eirrfKro 'AOrj- 
vrjau irepl cf>vyrj<;. rrpoaeXOovres he avra> ol eirLrrfheiOi 
iv Tw crrparoirehw eheovro purj drreXOelv irplv drraydyoi*^- • 
rb crrpdrevfia Kal 0i/3po)vc irapahovr). 

^EvrevOev hieirXevaav et? AdfiyfraKov, Kal drravra 3 
to aevocpcovrt EvKXeihrps fidvn^ $XtdcrLO<; 6 KXeayo- 
pov vlb^-rov ra evvirvia iv AvKelcp yey pa<$>6ro<$. ovros 
cvvrjhero rw aevo^covri, on ecreacoaro, Kal rjpeora av- 
rov, iroaov y^pvaiov eypi. 6 8' avrcp eirofiocra^ elirev 2 
rj fi7)v eaeo-6ai fjurjhe i<fiohiov Ikovqv oiKahe dmovri, el 
fir) drrohoiro rbv lttttov Kal a d/Jbcj) avrov el%ev. 6 8' 
avrS ovk eiriarevev. eirel 8' eirefi^av AafM-^jraKrjvol 3 
^evia too tievocpcovri Kal h6ve rep 'ArroXXoovc, irapeaTrj- 
craro rbv EvKXeihTjv Ihcov he ra lepa 6 EvKXeihr]? 
elirev, ore izeiQoiro avr<x> jjlt] elvao %p?]/jLara. 'AXX* 
olha, €<fir), otl kuv fieXXrj irore eaeo-Qau, (fyaiverai re 
ejiiTohtov, eav firjhev aXXo, crv cravrw. avvco/ioXoyec 



216 xenophon's anabasis. 

4 ravra 6 aevoty&v. 6 Be elrrev, 'E/jLttoBios yap goi 6 
Zev? 6 MetXfyios ecm, teal eTrrjpero, el yjBr) irore Bv- 
creiev, coairep ot/coc, ecprj, elci)0ecv eyeb vpXv BveaQai /cal 

oXo/CaVTetV. 6 S' OV/C €<j)7) e£ OTOV dTreBrjp,7]ae T60V- 

icevai rovrcp rco &e<p. orvve/BovXevaev ovv avrco SveaOai 

5 /caOd elooOec, /cal e(j>r) Gvvo'icreiv eirl to /3eXrcov. rfj Be 
varepala 6 fzevcxficov rrpoeXOwv eh 'Ocfrpvvcov eOvero 
icai obXo/cavrei xpipovs tw rrarplw vojacd, /cal e/caXXie- 

6 pec. /cal ravry rfj rjpLepa dfyacvelrai Blcov /cal dfia 
Ev/cXelBr)? y^pr^xara Booaovres rat ar par ev Liar i 3 /cal 
^evovvrau re ro) ttevocfrcbvri ical (top) lttttov, bv ev 
Aa/A^d/co) direBoro rrevrij/covra Bapei/coyv, VTroTrrevov- 
Te? avrbv BC evBeiav wreiTpaicevai, bri tjkovov avrbv 
r^BeaOao rep iTTTrq), Xvcrdpievoi drreBocrav /cal rrjv tillt}v 
ov/c rjOeXov diroXafielv. 

7 'EvrevQev erropevovro Bid r?}? TpcpdBos, /cal vrrep- 
/3dvre$ rr\v "IBrjv eh 'AvravBpov dtfii/cvovvrai irpwrov, 
elra irapa BdXarrav Tropevbp.evoi tt}? AvBlas eh Qrj- 

8 /S?;? irehiov. evrevOev So 'ArpapuvrTiov /cal Keprovtov 
Trap* ^ Arapvea eh Kat/cov ireBlov eXObvres Uepyapbov 
KaraXap,j3dvovai t% Mvaias. 

^EvravOa Br) ^evovrai 'Bevocpcov Trap 'EXXdBi rfj 
ToyyvXov tgv 'EperpieGos yvvai/cl /cal Topyicovos /cal 

9 ToyyvXov LiyrpL avrr) S' avrcp cppd^ei, on ^AcriBdrrjs 
early ev rS rreBtw dvr)p Ueparj^' rovrov efyrj avrbv, el 
eXOoi rr)<$ vv/crbs crvv rpiaicoo-iois dvBpdai, Xaftelv av 
/cal avrbv /cal yvvalfca /cal iralBas /cal rd. ypTjjuara' 

10 elvai Be iroXXd. ravra Be /cadrjyrjo-oiievovs eTreLiyjre 
rbv re avrrjs dvetyibv /cal Aa<j>vayopav, bv irepl irXei- 
arrov eiroielro. eycov ovv b p,evo(fi(ov rovrov? Trap' 

11 eavrS eQvero. ical Baala? b 'HXeto? fidvris rrapcbv 
elirev, ore /cdXXicrra elrj ra lepd avrai> /cal o dvyjp dXco- 
cripios ecrj. SeLTrvrjcras ovv erropevero rov$ re Xo'^ayovs 
tol'9 pbdXtara cfriXovs Xaftcbv /cal ttlq-tovs ryeyev7]jj,evov<i 



BOOK VII. CHAP. VIII. 217 

hid ttclvtqs, oVo)? ev iroir\o~ai avTOvs* crvve^epyovTai 
he avTM koX dXXoi, fiiacrdfievoi eh e%aKoaiov<;' oi he 
Ko^ayol aTrrjXavvov, I'va fir) fieTaholev to /^epo?, a><? 
eroifMDV hrj ^prj/jbdrcov. 

''E'lrel he. dcpUovro 7repl fieaa^ vv/cras, rd fiev irepi^ 12 
ovtcl dvhpdiroha t?J9 Tvpo-ios Kal yjprffiaTa rd irXeiaTay-^-^'^ 
direhpa avrovs TrapafieXovvTas, &)9 tov ^AaihdTrjv av- 
tov XdjBotev Kal rd eKeivov. nrvpyofxayovvTe^ he eirel 13 
ovk ehvvavro Xafielv ttjv Tvpaiv, vijniXr) yap r)v Kal 
fieydXr) Kal Trpofiaye&vas Kal dvhpas iroXXovs Kal fia- 
^ifiovs e^pvcra, hiopvrrecv eireyeiprfaav tov irvpyov, 
6 he Toi%o$ rjv eV oktco irXlvdcov yrjlvcov to evpos. 14 
dfia he Tjj r)fiepa hicopcQpvKTO' Kal o>? to irp&Tov hue- 
<j)dvr}, eiraTa^ev evhoOev fioviropcd Tt? ofteXiaKVi huafi- 
Trepes tov firjpbv tov iyyvTaTco' to he Xolttov ckto- 
%evovTe<; eiroiovv firjhe irapievai cti datyaXes elvai. 
KeKpayoTcov he avTCJV Kal irvpaevovTcov iKporjdovcrov 15 
'JraySeXto? fiev e^cov Tr)v eavTov hvvafiiv, Ik Kofiavias 
he 07rXtrat 'Acrcrvpioi, Kal ^TpKavioi iirireh Kal ovtoc 
/3acri,\ecD$ fiiaOotfiopoL a>? oyhorJKOVTa, Kal aXXot ireX- 
TacrTal eh oKTaKoatov^, dXXoi, £' eK Ilapdeviov, dXXoi 
8' it; 'AiroXkwvias Kal eK tcov itXtjo-lov ywpmv Kal 
linreh. 

'EvTavOa hr) &pa rjv GKO'ire'iv, 7rw? eVrat r) dcfrohos • 16 
Kal XaftovTes ocoi rjaav /5oe? Kal 7rp6/3aTa rjXavvov Kal 
dvhpdiroha ivTos irXaiaiov iroirfcrdfjievoi, ov Toh XPV~ 
fiaavv ovtco irpocre^pvTe^ tov vovv, dXXa fir) <^vyr) elrj 
r) a(f>ohos, el KaTaXcTrovTes Ta yjprffiaTa dirioiev, Kal oi 
Te TroXificoL &pao~i)Tepoi elev Kal oi GTpaTicoTac dQvfib- 
Tepoc vvv he dirrjeaav co? irepl tcov xprjfiaTcov fiaypv- 
fievoi, iirel he ecopa ToyyvXos bXiyovs fiev tov? r/ EX- 17 
Xr]va<;, ttoXXov? he tou? eiriKeifievovs, e^epyeTai Kal 
auTo? /8/a t^? /JLrjTpb? e^cov Tr)v eavTov hvva/icv, ftov- 
X.6/1,6^09 fieTaa^elv tov epyov crvvefiorjQei he Kal 

10 



218 xenophon's anabasis. 

UpoKkrjt; ef ■ AkicrdpVT}^ teal Tevdpavlas 6 dirb Aa- 

18 fiap drov. ol Be irepl Eevo^covTa etrel irdvv rjBr) iirie- 
tpvTO virb rcov TO^evjJL&TCDV teal a^evBovwv, 7ropev6[jL€voi 
Kv/cXo), 6Vct)? tcl oTrXa eyoiev irpo rcov To^evjiaTcov, 
fjLoXi? BiaftaivovGi tqv Kd'iteov iTOTapuov, TeTpcopuevoi 

19 iyyvs ol rjficcreLS. evravOa teal 'Ayaalas ^TVpLcpaXio? 
\o%aybs TtTpcocr/ceraij rov iravTa yjpbvov fia^ofievog 
Trpbs tovs 7ro\e/jLLov$. teal Bcaacb^ovTai, dvBpdiroBa d>? 
Biateocria e%ovTe$ teal 7rp6/3ara ocrov S^v/iara. 

20 Tfj Be vcnepala Qvcrdfievos 6 tlevoficbv e^dyei vvfcroop 
irav to arpdrev/jLa, 07tg>? on fiaKpordrrjv e\6oi t?}? 
AvBias, eh to pbrj Sea to iyyvs elvai cf)o/3eicr6ai, aXX' 

21 dfyvkaiCTeZv. 6 he ^AatBaT^ eLteovcras, oti ttciKlv eir 
avTov TeOvfjievos eirj 'Bevocpcov teal TravTi tc5 o-TpaTev* 
jxaTi rj^oij e^avKt^eTai eh tecbfias vtto to Hapdeviov 

22 TTokicr/jLa e^oucra?. evTavOa ol trepl 'Bevo^ojvTa avv- 
Tvy)(dvovo-iv avTw teal \a/jLJ3dvovo~iv avTov teal yyvaliea 
teal iralBas teal tovs Xttttovs teal irdvTa to, ovTa- teal 

23 ovtco Ta irpoTepa lepa a7rej37j. eireiTa irdXiv d<pitevovv- 
Tai eh Ilepya/iov. evTavOa tov Qebv ovte rJTidcraTo 6 
aevocpcov crvveirpaTTov yap teal ol Adtecove? teal ol 
Xoyayol teal ol aXkoi crTpaTrjyol teal ol CTpaTicoTai, 
coaT i^alpeTa \ap,j3dvecv teal ittttov? teal ^evyr\ teal 
TaXXa* tocrTe Iteavbv elvai teal aXkov tjStj ev iroielv. 

24 'Ete tovtov Olfipcov Trapayevojievo^ trapekajBe to 
CTpaTev/JLa teal crvjLLfiL^as tS aXkco 'HjXkrjvitecp eiroXe- 
jj,eL 7T/509 Ticrcra^>ipvr]v teal <I>apvdj3a£ov. 

25 ["Apftovre? Be olBe t?5? ftaa-ikeods %(opa<z ocrrjv 
iirrfKOofxev* AvBlas ^ApTtpLa^, Qpvyias 'ApTatedpLas, 
Avteaovla? teal KaTTTraBoieias MiOpiBaTT}*;, Ki\cteia<s 
HiVevvecns, <f>oivlter]<; [teal 'ApajSia? Aepvrjs, %vpla<; teal 
"Aacrvpias Bekeavs, BajSvX&vos *P coir dp as, MrjBia? 
'Ap/3d/ea<s, §acriav<hv teal 'EcrtrepiTcov Tipl/3a£o$ » Kap 
Bov'xpt, Be teal XdXvftes teal XaXBaloi teal Mdtepcove? 



BOOK VII. CHAP. VIII. 219 

Kal Kok'xpi real Mocto-vvolkoc Kal Kocrac Kal Tt/Baprjvol 
avrovofjLOL' IIa<f)\a<yovia$ K.opv\a<$ y BiOvvcov Qapvd- 
/3afo?, rcov iv Evpco7rr} Qpatcwv ^ev07)<;. apiOfios Se26 
(jvybiraat]^ ttJ? 6$ov tt}? dva[2dcre(o<z /cat Kara^daeco^ 
araO/iol Stafcoaiot, heicairevTe, 7rapaadyyat, yi'Kioi kica- 
tov TrevTTjKovTa irevre, ardSia TpuryLvpia tzt paKicryj,- 
\ca e^cucoaia TrevTrjKovTa. y^povov ir\rjdo<; rrjs dva- 
Sdaecos Kal Kara/3 dcrecos iviavros Kal Tpet? /x?}z/e?.] 



* 



rv 



\ > 



- •*»♦?- •»*■* 



v.; 



V 



% ^\ 



A TABLE 

showing the variations of Hkrtlein's Text from that of L. Dindorf, sa 
published by Teubner in 1851. 

The reading of Dindorf stands jirst in each passage. 



I, 2, 1 to ivravda] ivravda 2, 3 Meyapebs els'] Meyapebs 2, 9 2«- 
<m] "Xaatas 2, 10 Kepdfiwv] Kepa/j-wv 2, 14 Tvpiaiov] Tvpideiov Kie- 
pert 2, 16 eKKeKaOap/xevas] eKKeKaXv/j-fxevas 2, 22 eixirXeuv] av/j.ir\eu)v 

2, 27 a(papird(eo-Qai] apnd^eaOai (avapird^ecQat C. Matthiae as in I, 3, 14) 

3, 1 irpwros Se] irpwrov 8e C. Matthiae 3, 2 elra Se] cItcc 3, 4 rrpbs 
robs &p] eVl toi/s Qp. 3, 6 oVr;] o7roi 3, 10 erreira 5eJ eireira 

3, 15 <£ &v] ftp av 3, 17 <£ 80/77] y ay Son? 3, 19 avayye?\ai] airay- 
yelXai 4, 2 ore] on 4, 3 6 AaKe5ai/j.6vios] AaKeSatfxovios 4, 3 'AfSpo- 

.Kop-a] 'AfSpoKO/jLa Krliger 4, 6 MuptcwSpop] Mvplavdov 4, 7 SicS/cof] 

Stciwet 4, 10 Adpdrjros] AapaSa/cos 4, 15 els rov/xiraXiv] Tov/xiraAiv 

4, 15 <pl\oi] <bi\av 5, 8 7rote?^ axnrep opyrj, eKeXevae] 7roteTj', ucrirep bp- 
yrj ineXevae 5, 9 o<rq> fj.lv] oacp /xev av 5, 13 linreas] iinrets 5, 
14 rb outou 7ra0o?] t& avrov irdOos 6, 1 ^X^ 7 ?] ^X via ^> 3 auTw] auT<£ 
6, 3 ex^v t7T7reas] exw lirire7s 6, 4 7repl ttjv avrov] irepl rriv avrov 
6, 5 avra!] avrca 6, 10 iirl bavdrcc] eir\ Sdvarov 7, 5 inrio'xveT] biri- 
GX V V 7, 11 8* al] Se 7, 15 &0a 5tj . . . Sreiow] [>0a 5t> . . . gjr«- 
trifjl Kruger 8, 3 Kvpos re] Kal Kvpos re 8, 6 [Ae7eTai . . . diaxiv- 
hvveveiv] Xeyerai . . . diamvSvveveiv 8, 8 ov] (ou) 8, 13 'EXXtjvikov] 
['EXXtivikov] Hertlein 8, 13 rb eavrov] rwv eavrov 8, 20 ecpepeToJ 
icpepovro 8, 20 uiairep ev iTnrodpofAO)] [woirep ev iTrirodpo/uLCu] Hertlein 
8, 22 7]/j.l(rei] ev rifxiaei Bisschop (anott. critt. in Xen. Anab. Lugduni- 
Bat. 1851) 9, 15 a£iovcr6ai] a£:ovv 9, 31 irepl avrbv] Trap' avrbv 
10, 12 iirl £vXov] [iirl tfXov] 

II, 1, 2 irffATToi] TrepLtret 1, 3 Atj/xapdrov] Aa/xupdrov 1, 3 wp- 
uuvro] &piat]vto Sehneider 2, 5 edet] Set 2, 11 evda 5' efri] evda 8e 
Tt Schneider 2, 15 vejxoiro] vefxoivro 3, 1 T<£5e] T??5e 3, 3 rav- 



222 VARIATIONS FROM 

ra] ravra Zeune 3, 27 7ropeu<recr0cu] iropevecr9ai 4, 1 Trapoixo/xivuv] 

irapu>Xi)\i.£v&v 4, 4 \rbv\ fiaaiAea] rbp fiaaiXea 4, 6 X(Tfj.ev\ o^Sa/xeu 

4, 17 irapa r7]P 7.] eVl ttjv y. 4, 19 o"a>0e?yUe?/] (Ta)6cofj.ev 4, 26 6'croi' 

Se] chtov Se [ay] 5, 2 XPVC 01 "} XPvC €L ^, ^^ a^ KoAaVea-fle] ap Ko\d- 

(TaiffQe Hertlein 5, 18 7reSt'a a u/xers] iredta 7]/j.7p. 5, 22 curios to] 

curios rod 5, 23 eiTrey] e'nras 5, 31 e7rt reus &vpais efievoi/] eVt lu- 

pous e/j.. 5, 33 rijx(pi"yv6ovv] ij/xepeyvoovp Buttmann (Ausf. gr. SprachL § 86 
Anm. 6) 5, 38 /3ao"iAeus] [0] fiaaiKevs 6, 12 apx ^™*] dpxo^povs 

III, 1, 2 aTrajAtoAetrap] a7roAtoAeo*aj/ 1, 6 «aA\«TTa] naWicrr' ay 

1, 17 o,u.o7raTpioi/] toG djJLoirarplov 2, 12 ottoVovs] bvoffovs av 2 37 &A- 
Ao tj] aAAos tis 3, 7 eyeVero] iyepopro 3, 12 atTi^yroJ yriwpro 

4, 10 7rpbs tt? 7roA6i] 7rpbs [tt/] 7roA6£ Kruger and Poppo 4, 15 iKvOat] 
[3,KvQai] Kruger 4, 16 rrj rore uKpofioXicrei] [rfj rore dicpofioAiaei'] Mu- 
ret 4, 22 dpe£eirLjj.7r\ao-ap~\ av i^irlfjiTrXacrap Kriiger 4, 23 eTrnrap-p- 

eaap~\ iitnvapricrav 4, 24 77 /cc^u.77] /cw/^77 4, 25 afcc/BaTei'] hpaBaiveiP 

4, 30 of /uev tt? 65<£] ol p\v eV t/} oSo; Bisschop 4, 31 /cal /cp<0as] tcpiOas 
4, 33 5te<£epoj/] diecpepep 4, 33 op/^wvTes] Sp/juafxevovs Schneider after 
Suidas 4, 33 TtopevopLepoi] iropevofxepovs 4, 36 kveiv~] \vcrire\e?j/ 

4, 47 oxei] o%£ 5, 13 rovfJ-Trahiv] rov/jnraXip [77] 5, 14 at'X/WaAw- 
toi/s] kaXuiKoras 5, 17 anoxxravrts Se] aKovaravres 

W, 1, 14 uTroCTaVTes] tiriaravres Poppo 1, 19 3-cuJ/a: aurw] &ai//cu 

1, 20 airoKpiverai irpbs ravra~] arcoKpivercu 1, 20 i"5e] i5e 1, 24 ov 

(paii) did ravra] 5ia ravra ov (pair] 1, 24 TuyxdVei] irvyxaue 1, 27 

vcpiaraprai] ixplararai 3, 4 MapSoi] Mapdovioi 3, 12 7rpoo-£aToi/] 

irpoo-fiarbv Kruger 3, 12 irp6a6ep Siafiaipeip"] TrpoaOep SiafiTJpai 3, 

29 and 32 aaXiviKrr]s'] o-aXiriyKrTjs 4, 17 7ro5a?rbs] to 7ro5a7rbs 5, 1 7rptj>] 
7rp}j/ 3) 5, 5 aAAo ri e? Ti] aAAo [ti] et ti Bornemann 5, 10 irope6- 

oivro~\ iropevovrai 5, 10 cWe^d] cWe'xet 5, 11 rr\v ob%v\ ip rrj 6B(p 

5, 14 avrols -ireiroirifxevai'] TreTTOinjj.epai 6, 19 Aet7rei^] Kiireli/ 6, 22 d>s 
^o-^oj/to] eVel yaQovro 6, 24 ciAAtjAcoj/] d\\r]Xois 7, 10 Suo ^ Tpm] 
§uo Kai rpia 7, 13 Aiveas] Alveias 7, 23 £077 TrAeiW] (77) ^ot^ 
7rAeiw^ Kriiger 8, 1 rr)v Taiv] ttjv re ruv «8, 2 ijTTepSe^toy] u7re/> 
5e|i(5i/ 8, 8 5^7770701/] irapriyayov 8, 17 laurel]] avrcav 8, 18 ava 
«:paTos] ava«:pa7oVT6S 8, 23 eATJ^bj/To] iA7ji(opro 8, 26 ottou &;/] 
oTrot av Kruger 



*o" 



V, 1, 4 Se /cat] Se [/cat] Kriiger 1, 9 ^epicrfleVres] [^epto-0eWes] 

Kriiger has omitted it 1, 10 trAevo-o/neda] TrXevaovpieOa 1, 12 /caT- 

^w/iej/] Kara.ydycnfj.ev 2, 14 c/^ocrt] o^toG 2, 21 tcartXiirop Se] KO.ro.- 

Kinopres 2, 26 (popeij/j (pzpetp 3, 6 tV Se r: 7ra077J et Se Tt ttci^o* 

3, 9 aKrjvuffip'] <tkt\vov<siv 3, 13 TON EXONTA] TON AE EXONTA 



dindokf's edition. 223 

4, 4 eAe£e] eAeye 4, 6 e£ ri irore'] e? ti ttwttoO' 4, 20 dVep ^<V] 

aVep <rvv yyuv 4, 21 5<$£tjt6 and OT}A&ar}ri\ 8o£eT6 and SvjAwcreTe 

4, 32 d//0e7uoj/J audefxia 4, 34 e^' eauTOis] e'c?)' kuvrcov Kruger 

5, 3 airoiKiav~\ airo'tKovs 5, 7 (|><fy>oys] (popov 5, 11 AafxfSdveiv] (iia 
AaiaPdueiv 5, 20 uvrwv] eavrwv 5, 22 7roiT7cro/.tej/] iroiov/xeOu 

5, 25 coy] /cod uv 6, 12 ^eTs &i> ir\£oi[xzv\ rj/xels oe irAeuifxev av 

6, 15 i7T7reas] nr7re?s 6, 16 t6 re avr£>v~\ t6 re avrwv 6, 24 ttjs 
fxev and T7j? 5e] Ta /J-ev and to Se 6, 33 uTtoAinuv riva\ anoAnrwv 
6, 33 e'SeSoi/cetrav] e'Secneaai/ 7, 5 afiuce'tv and d5i/ce?y] adiKuiv and d5i- 
Kovvres 7, 13 d^Afto!/] aireAQetv Lion, vulg. iA0e7v 7, 30 acpiKvel- 
aQaC\ acptKV7\crQe 8, 2 tcjv irpwrov -n-pijorov^ rbv irpcorov 8, 4 ecu5a>s] 
e'Si'Sous 8, 6 dTrcrycrywj/] 01707^1/ Kruger, vulg. aivdyav 

VI, 1, 1 AT^o'juej/oi] A7)i£6/u,evoi 1, 16 Tpt^peis] Tpn'ipr] 1, 22 eopa- 
KeVcu] ewpaicevai 1, 23 cWep] wairep 2, 4 cr?Ta] crma 2, 6 ecrri 
8' cu] eiVi 5' oi 2, 11 eavrous Te] eavrobs 2, 13 aurw^J aurov Kruger 
3, 1 Dindorf places this on the margin 3, 3 Siacpvyovres] hiafyevyovres 
3, 4 Siecpvyov] Siecpevyov 3, 16 dTTOTrAevcrctycefla] aironAevcrovixeQa 

3, 16 fxeuovai Te] fxevovcri Se 3, 26 d7roAei7reo-#ai] airoAnrea-dai 

4, 9 [/caAd] KaAa 4, 9 ^'70 real irvpav jj.eyd.AT)v~\ jxeya 4, 10 ^70:- 
(Tios Te] 'A7a(n'as [tc] 4, 10 /cal cu dAAcu] Kal [cu] aAAoi 4, 15 kt}- 
pv£as "Zevocpwv] K7]pv£as 4, 22 /3ow] /3oCs 5, 4 rod arparoirzb'ov^ 
arparoireZov 6, 3 Kari]yov\ Karr\yovro Cobet (Mnemosyne Jahrg. 1852 v 
2. St.) 6, 15 ovv d7roA^w] fxev ovv airoAvca 6, 27 Atj^chto] Arji^oiro 
6, 29 cw^e] avvr\yaye 6, 31 eVpefYo] v(pelro 

VII, 1, 1 irAe'oyTes] eKirAeovres 1, 2 ttjv outoG] t?/^ avrov 
1, 8 d7T07rAeucr<fyteJ / os] aTTOTrAevaovfievos 1, 26 eopaKoras] ecupa/coVas 
1, 28 Aa/ceScu^cmcoi/ juev /cat twi/ 'AxaicDj'] AaKeSai/xoviois /xev Kal rtov 
apxaiuu Pflugk (dpxcuW given by H. Stephens as a various reading) 
1, 33 cnra] airia 1, 35 crn-a] atria 1, 36 fcy &j/] oaris av 
1, 37 dAAcu etKocri] dAAcu etKoatv avdpes 1, 37 dj/r/p] efs dj/?;p 

1, 39 ^e'AAoi] /xiAAois Kruger 2, 6 efyn?] ei/poi 2, 25 7rapd ^aAaT- 
t?;] eVi fraAdrrri 2, 26 Wi vvv~\ Wl vvv 2, 34 Ari£6ixevos~\ Ar]i£6(Aei>os 

2, 37 8e'£ei] 5e^?7 3, 20 -TreiVej] iretcrp 3, 29 Tcoii\aoi\ iroirjaei 

3, 31 d7roArji//ei, Kryaei and KctTa/CT^crei] aTroAT]\pr), Krriarj and KaraKrrjcrr) 
3, 31 AT/^Wfcu] Ar)i£eaQui 3, 31 7rpbs (re] 7rpos ere 3, 34 UyU?^ /cal 
9;/x<v] ?j^.7i/ /cal u^aers 3, 36 ava/Aevere] avafxevure 3, 45 5e'e«] Serj 

3, 46 i7T7re'as] i7T7re?s 4, 2 07rwy fxioObs yiv7]rai\ oiras av fxiadbs yevoiro 

4, 8 SetTai] SeeTat 4, 10 jXT]Zirepov\ fi-qde krepov 4, 11 iVa p.7;] tVo /U7j5' 
4, 12 ij/xepai ou] iifxepai t' ou Schneider 4, 12 cr/c?jj'wei'] aurivoiev 
4, 19 craA7riKT?;v] (xaAmytcrTiv 5, 1 apx^ov rivos\ [dp^aiov Ttyos] Kruger 



224: VARIATIONS FKOM DINDOEF's EDITION. 

5, 5 cauToO] eavrov 5, 8 irapabw<Toi\ irapufiuxreiv 5, 13 hr,^ovTaiJ A711- 
£ovtui 6, 1 a.<piKVOvvTaC\ a'piKvelrai 6, 2 S4ei] dey 6, 21 alff^vei] alax^vri 

6, 22 7j/xas and ?^?j/] u^tSs and Vjiuj/ 6, 24 irpocri.oiTe\ Trpocrfre Borne- 
mann 6, 36 /caTcc/ce/caj/ores] KaTaicavoures 6, 37 OTe] ort 6, 37 
TrAeire] TrAe'ere 6, 41 eVerbs UTrb] auacrTas vnep 6, 44 avaipti 5eJ 
avaipil 7, 7 yDv 57?] vCy 5e 7, 9 atV^vvei] ala")(yvri 7, 11 eVel 
Se] eVei 7, 31 5e?cr0cu] 54ea9cu 7, 35 rb 8e/caTOj/] denuTov 7, 49 5<a- 
voet] Stavofj 7, 50 ecret] eo"?? 8, 3 tepeTa] fepa 8, 6 Biruv] Btwy 
8, 6 'lkttov^ (rbv) 'iirirov Poppo 8, 8 KepTwyoD] Kcproviov 8, 16 ret, 
aydpa.7roda] aydpa-rroda 8, 20 wcrre jUT^J ets 7"b /ut) 8, 25 and 26 ap- 
Xovres . . . ^Tjj/es.] \apxovrts . . . uf/ves.] 






NOTES. 



10' 



EXPLANATION OF THE PEINCIPAL ABBREVIATIONS USED 

IN THE NOTES. 



I. Commentators on the Anabasis. 

Krtig. . . Kruger. Hert. . . Hertlein. 

Kuhn. . . Kuhner. Matt. . . MattMae. 



II. Other Autlwrities. 

L. & S. — Liddell & Scott's Greek-English Lexicon. American edition. 

And. & St. — Andrews & Stoddard's Latin Grammar. 

Gr. or Gram. — Kuhner's Greek Grammar (larger edition), published by D. Ap 

pleton & Co., N. T. 
Die. Antiqq. — Dictionary of Greek and Eoman Antiquities. By Dr. "William 

Smith. Little & Brown, Boston, 1849. 

HI. Works of Xenqphott. 

Cyr. or Cyrop. . . Cyropaedia. 

Mem Memorabilia. 

Hellen Hellenica, or Historia Graeca. 

Ages Agesilaus. 

Cyneg. Cynegeticus, or de Venatione. 

IV. Other Authors. 

Plat. . . . Plato. Dem. . . . Demosthenes. 

Thucyd. . . Thucydides. Diod. Sic. . Diodorus Siculus. 

Herod. . . Herodotus. Plat. . . . Plutarch. 

V. Miscellaneous. 

Cf. (= confer) . . compare, see. 

sc. (= scilicet) . . namely, to wit, understand. 

k.t.A.. . . . . Ka\ to Xonrd = etc. 

art article. 

comm commonly. 

lit literally. 

syn synecdoche. 

meton metonymy. 

c. (= cum) . . . with. 

Xen. is often used instead of the full name Xenophon. 

The remaining abbreviations, as gen. for genitive, and the like, are thought to bo 
sufficiently obvious without particular explanation. 



NOTES. 



BOOK FIRST. 

"Oaa eV ry avafidcrei rfj fMera Kvpov ol "EKkrives eirpa£av f^xP 1 T ^ s h^' 
XnS) — the Anabasis proper; that is, the inarch upward to the vicinity 
of Babylon, including an account of the battle of Cunaxa. 



CHAP. I. 
The occasion and manner of raising the army. 

§ 1. Darius II., called Nothus, was king of Persia from 423 to 404, 

B. C. Aapeiov kcu Hap. •yi-yvovrai : lit. there are horn of Darius etc. 

Aapetov is gen. of origin or author. Gram. § 273, 1 ; yiyvovTcu is the 
historical present, which is more common in Greek than in Latin. Gram. 

§ 255, Rem. 1. Cf. just below fj.€TaTre/xirerai, avafialvei, SiafiaWei. 

7ra?5es Svo : instead of two children, Ctesias the Greek physician employed 
by Darius and Artaxerxes mentions thirteen. It appears from 1, 8, 26, 
and 27, that Xen. had read the works of Ctesias. "We must assume, 
therefore, that he says in this place TrcuSes Svo, not because he supposed 
that Darius and Pary satis had only two sons, but because only two are 
particularly considered ; or because all except Artaxerxes and Cyrus died 
young. This latter statement rests on the authority of Ctesias (Persica, 

c. 49, cited by Grote). Artaxerxes II., called Mnemon, reigned from 

404 to 361. TeAei/T?]j/ : often occurs like apxh without the article. 

Cf. 2, 6, 29. Mem. 1, 5, 2. eVl TeXevrji rov Qiov. 

§ 2. fi€y, which cannot properly be translated into English, serves in 
general to call attention to the fact that the clause in which it stands is to 
be distinguished from another clause which follows. The following clause 
is commonly as here introduced by Se. Both of these particles are always 
postpositive. irapdoy cannot be translated literally ; the Eng. idiom 



228 NOTES. 

requir es an infin., happened to be present. For the verbs with which the 
particip. is used as a complement instead of the infin., see Gram. § 310, 4. 

fxeraire/jLirerai : sends for, suggesting by the middle voice the idea 

to come to himself (Gram. § 250.) ; hence the construction arrb rrjs ap. 
by which it is followed. ical aTparriybv Se : a transition to an inde- 
pendent from a relative clause. So in 1, 8, 26, and often. The command 
of the forces which assembled in the plain of Castolus (in Lydia), had 
belonged to Tissaphernes ; but he had been succeeded in 407, B. C. by 
Cyrus, and hence arose without doubt the secret enmity of Tissaphernes 

to Cyrus. aQpoi^ovrai : are wont to assemble, to be reviewed annually 

by the governor (a-aTpdirrjs) of the province. ws <pi\ov ; as a friend, on 

the supposition of his being a friend, cl-s denotes that which appears to be, 
or is represented to be. It is frequently used thus before participles. 

Cf. as arroKrev&y § 3. avafialyei . . . aye fir] : such changes from the 

historical present to the past are very frequent. For similar repetitions 
of tbe same word, cf. 1, 7, 13 ; 1, 10, 3. Allusion is made again to this 

first expedition of Cjrus to Babylon in 1, 3, 18, and 1, 4, 12. Tlap- 

pdcriov : the Parrhasians were an Arcadian people. 

§ 3. KaricrTT) els rrjy fiaaiXeiav : became established in the kingdom. A 
verb of rest is here followed by a construction which denotes motion — an 

elliptical form of expression not uncommon. ws : saying that, to the 

effect that ; — emfiovXevoi : oratio obliaua, Gram. § 345. ws arroKrevoov : 

as if to put him (Cyrus) to death. Cf. note on ws § 2. The fat. particip. is 

often used as in Latin to denote a purpose. avrSy belongs to aTrorre/j.- 

7ret as well as to i^aiTr]cra,uiyrj. 

§ 4. ws : as, when, ut. oirccs : used here as a relative adv. how, in 

what way. Cf. 4, 6, 7 ; 4, 8, 9. e7rl rcj> : in the power of iiri with the 

dat. is also used in this "sense with •yiyveaQai. Cf. 3, 1, 13, and 5, 8, 17 
vTrr)pxe '• favored. Cf. 5, 6, 23. 

§ 5. oo-tis : although singular is collective, and hence may relate to 
iravras which is plural. Observe the notion of repeated action ex- 
pressed by the present and imperf. SLandeis, aTreire/jLTreTO, a(piKve?TO. 

rcoy irapb. fiaaihecas : a condensed form of expression very common in 

Greek as well as in English for rooy irapb. fiaaiXei irapa, /3acrtAecos'. 

jSacrjAews, when spoken of the Persian king, seems to be viewed as a pro- 
per name ; and hence the use of the article with this word as with proper 

names generally is extremely variable. See Gram. § 244. 7. ruv 

fiapfiapcay e7re/xeAen-Q ccs — iire/j-eXelro ws ol fidpfiapoi : he paid attention to 
the barbarians thai they etc. ; instead of, he paid attention that tlie barbarians etc. 
An instance of what may be called anticipation or prolepsis, commonly 

called attraction. It is particularly frequent with irtip.eXiop.ai. eiiyo'i- 

ku>s ex*w ' t0 oe friendly. An adv. with exety instead of an adject, with 



BOOK I. CHAP I. 229 

elvai is a frequent idiom, e. g. 3, 2, 37, &\\a)s %x eiv i f!o 6e otherwise ; 

4, 3, 1G, «a\ws exeii', fo 6e «;e#; 3, 1, 3, adv/xas eX elJ/ > to oe dispirited. 

d-qaav instead of efej/ is not uncommon ; but see note on irapaSoirjo-av, 
2, 1, 10. 

§ 6. r-fjv implies that the Grecian force here mentioned was something 

already well known ; a common use of the article. tfQpoiCep and 

67rotetTo : observe that the imperf. here denotes an action in its continuance. 

not as in § 5, repeated action. See Gram. § 256. '6ri qualifies airapctr 

o-Kev6raTov : us and on like the Latin quam are often used to qualify the 
superlative degree. When us is used the expression is often still further 
strengthened by the proper part of Swa/xat. Thus just above, us (j.d\io-ra 

idvyaro, the very most lie was able, as much as possible. oirScras . . . e/ca- 

arois : in this sentence the demonstrative to which the relative dirSaas 
refers is omitted. Gram. § 331. Rem. 3. Expressed more fully it would 
be oTrSaas €?%e cpvAanas iu rats TrSXeci, rovruv (ruv <pv\anuv) roils <ppov- 
pdpxois acdarois rrapr;yycik€ : whatever garrisons he had in the cities, to the 
several commanders {of these) he sent orders etc. See also Gram. § 332, 8. 

UeXoirowrtaiovs : the Peloponnesians, especially the Arcadians were 

employed more than any of the other Greeks as mercenaries. us eVi- 

jSouAeiWros : for the force of us, cf. note on § 2. Kal ydp, etenim, since 

also. 'Tjaav : has the force of the pluperf., cf. note on irvyxavsv § 8. 

4k fiaaiAius : with the passive, e/c instead of vir6 is unusual in Attic 

prose. It denotes properly the idea of source rather than of cause. Cf. e/c 
irdvrcou 2, 6, 1. 

§ 7. TvpoaiadSfievos : having become aware beforehand, i. e. before an open 
rupture with Cyrus. fiovX^vofxivovs : for the use of the particip. in- 
stead of the infin. (where we should translate by a finite mood), see Gram. 

§ 310, 4, (a). cbro(TT7}vai irpbs Kvpov, to revolt to Cyrus, is explanatory 

of ra abra ravra. In airoarrivai the single act is considered ; but in ra 

abra ravra, the various transactions which it involved. robs (pevyov- 

ras and robs iKTreirruK6ras : the exiles. DifFer«nt words, having the same 
general meaning, are here used for variety of expression. iK/3d\Xeu/ (used 
just above) signifies to banish ; and to this iKTr'nrrsiv corresponds as a pas- 
sive, meaning to be banished; (pevyeiv, to fee, to be a fugitive, to be in a state 

of banishment ; Kar ay eiv, to restore (to one's home), spoken of exiles. 

Kal . . . av : the emphatic idea is placed between these connectives, as 

between ou5e . . . av and Kal . . . 54. avrrj is the subject and irpSfacris 

the predicate of %v. rod abpoi£eiv : the infinitive used substantively 

and dependent on irp6(paoris. Gram. § 308, 11. 

§ 8. &v : the participle in Greek as in Latin denotes the various ideas 
of time, cause, or condition. The prominent notion here is that of cause, — 
a.5e\<pbs wv abrov, because he was a brother of his. As a8ek(p6s stands without 



230 NOTES. 

the article, it is indefinite. 6 adeAcpbs avrov would mean his brother. 

61 (dat. of the. substantive personal pronoun 3d pers.) is distinguished in 
meaning from avrcp in that it is reflexive, and from kavr<§ in that it is a 
reflexive for a dependent clause. 61 is regularly enclitic in the Attic dia- 
lect, hut retains the accent here because it is emphatic. TroXtfiovvra 

which denotes prominently the notion of time, while he was engaged in war, 

expresses also the cause or reason of dairavav. Cf. note on &v. olvtSv, 

i. e. Kvpov. uxrre is followed here by a finite mood, and means so thai, 

wherefore, consequently, denoting a result. With the infin. (as ahove § 5), 

it means so as to, denoting an end in view. ovdev, in nothing, in no 

respect ; a more emphatic negative than ovic. It is accus. synec. Gram. 

§ 279. 7. Cf. rovro axdecrde 3, 2, 20. > yiyyo/xeuovs, arising, accruing. 

_£>v is the ohject of e%«j/ which would naturally take the accus. as. 

The relative is attracted to the case of the antecedent. Gram. § 332, 6. 

irvyxayey %X WV i s to he translated by the pluperfect, a tense which 

does not occur so often in Greek as in English. Cf. note on 9j<rav § 6. 

§ 9. rfj points out the phrase Karayrnrepas 'AfivSov as qualifying Xep- 
povfjacp. For an explanation of this position of the article, see Gram. 
§ 245, 3. Instead of the Chen*onesus opposite to Abydus; the name " Thra- 

cian Cherronesus " was afterwards adopted. royBe rbv rpoiroy, in the 

following manner. For the construction of rp6izov, see Gram. § 278, Eem. 3. 
The pronouns o'Se, roi6o / de, roaoade, and the adv. ade commonly denote . 
what follows ; ovros, roiovros, rocrovros, and ovras commonly refer to 
what precedes. — — ■ ijydo-Qri . . . SiScocriy : such a change in tense is not 
uncommon in Greek. In § 2 (avafia'ivei . . . ayefir)) the tense is changed 

from pres. to past. Sapeucovs : named from Darius. In a similar way 

the English, French, and German gold coins are named from the reigning 
sovereign. For a print of one of these Persian coins, see Die. Antiqq. art. 
Daricus. The SapeiitSs was also called arariip ; it was worth about $3,50. 

air6, with, denoting the means. Not a very common use of this 

preposition. iic. . . op/xcifievos : the present denotes something con- 
tinued or repeated; — repeatedly rushing out from CJierronesus ; or in the En- 
glish idiom, making his head-quarters at CJierronesus. 0pa£i depends on 

i7ro\€jA£L. rovro helongs to rb crrpdrev/A.a. rpecpS^eyoy ihdyQavey : 

lit. in being supported escaped observation, or in an Eng. idiom, was supported 
secretly. avra depends on rpe<p6fxeyov. 

§ 10. &y : cf. note on irapuy § 1. nal before in^ixevos connects 

irvyxave and epx^rai, another instance of change in tense. Cf. note § 9. 

rooy oXkoi avr. : the adv. is often used adjectively. Gram. § 262, d. 

aire? takes two accusatives avr6v and fjacrOoy. Gram. § 280, 3. 

els oiax^ovs $4vovs, as well as rpiwv pvr\vSov, belongs to ixi<r06v : — pay suffi- 
cient for two thousand mercenaries and for three montlis. as, as if , on the 



BOOK I. CHAP. II. 231 

supposition that. Cf. note § 2. &y belongs to irepiycySfxeuos and renders 

it conditional. Without &y it would mean, as if thus having been superior 

to etc., or, as if he had thus been superior to etc. It now means, as if he would 

be superior etc. The participle or infinitive takes &v when on changing the 

. clause into an independent sentence, the optat., or indicative of a historic 

tense with &v would be required. For the government of avrov after 

8e?Tcu, see Gram. § 273, 5, (b). irp6odzv . . . Trpk, until; a common 

form of pleonasm, employed for the sake of emphasis. KaraXvcrai irpSs, 

to come to an agreement with. &v with the aor. subjunct. corresponds to 

the Latin future perfect, irplv k.t.X., lit. until he shall have conferred with 
him (i. e. Cyrus). 

§ 11. ws : as if, on the ground that. Cf. note § 2. eis HiaiSas : the 

name of the people instead of the name of the country, as frequently in 
Latin. The Pisidians were a warlike people inhabiting a mountainous 
region S. E. from Lydia. They had never been fully subdued by the Per- 
sians. irpdyfActTa irap£x* lv : to give trouble. Cf. note 4, 1, 17. ! 

~2,TV[x<pd\iov : from Stymphalus in Arcadia. naX tovtovs : these also, 

l. e. Sophaenetus and Socrates as well as Proxenus, and Aristippus. 

o~vv, tvith, in company with ; iroXejx^iv avy, to carry on war in company with ; 
iroXefieiv rivi, efo riva, or irp6s riva, to carry on war against any one. 



CHAP. n. 

The march from Sardis to Tarsus. First, on pretence of making an expe- 
dition against the Pisidians, Cyrus marches to Celaenae their ancient 
capital ; thence he returns to Keramon Agora and commences his 
march eastward. Before arriving at the Cilician pass, he is met by 
Epyaxa wife of Syennesis the King of Cilicia. He meets with no ob- 
stacle at the pass, and soon after his arrival at Tarsus, Syennesis sur- 
renders to him. 

§ 1. idSica : it seemed good, a very common signification of this word. 

^'&77 : already, at length, i. e. after all necessary preparations had been 

made. &vca : upward, from the coast into the interior ; here it means, 

into upper Asia, ava- in composition is often used in the same manner ; 

e.g. avafialveiv, avafiacris. The opposite is kcltm, Kara-. r\\v p.ey 

Trp6<paoiv iiroi€?To : the antithetical clause implied by /xeu is not expressed. 
It would perhaps be somehow thus, t<5 5' ovn iirl fiao-iXea iwopevero, 
but in reality he was marching against the king. 4k : from, out of, in dis- 
tinction from air6 which means from, away from. ws : cf. note 1, 1, 2. 

to 'EXXvvikov ivravQa crpd. : the Grecian army which was there, i. e. in 

the satrapy of Cyrus. 'EXXt]vik6v and ivravOa are closely connected in 
idea and consequently have only one article. Xaf56vri ooov fy avrtp 



232 NOTES. 

o'rpdrevjj.a : having taken all the army which he had. The antecedent here 
stands in the relative clause. Cf. note on dirSvas . . . eicdo~rois 1, 1, 6. See 

also Gram. § 332, 8. cvvaXXayivri irpos : having become reconciled to. 

Cf. KaraXvcrai irpSs 1, 1, 10. ■ o e7;£e crpdrevjxa : the army which he had; 
another instance of the antecedent in the relative clause. The antecedent 
is separated from the relative by an intervening word, and stands without 

the article, as usual. Gr. § 332, 8. rod iv reus ir6Xso~i £ej>. : for the 

allusion, see 1, 1, 6. where it appears that the Ionian cities are meant. 
The clause iv reus 7r6Xeo~i has the position and force of an adjective, — lit. 
the in the cities mercenary force, i. e. in an Eng. idiom, the mercenary force 
which was in the cities. For the government of ^vikov see Gram. § 275, 1. 

XafSovra. In the preceding sentence we have the dat. XafiSvri where 

it stands in immediate connection with KXedpxv the object of irapayyix- 
Xei. Here Xafi6vra being removed from the personal object %zvia is con- 
nected more intimately with yfceiv, and is in the accus. because the infin. 
regularly takes i + ^ subject in that case. See Gram. § 307, 2. Many 
instances of this kind where an adjunct stands in the accus. instead of dat. 
or gen. will be noticed in the Anab. 

§ 2. viro<rx°f xej/os '• having promised. Cyrus had taken great pains to 

inspire confidence in his promises as we learn from 1, 9, 7. ei KaXws 

. . . iarparevero : if he should succeed well in those things for which he was 
making an expedition. The antecedent of a (which would be ravra) is not 

expressed. Travo'acrQai is dependent on viroo'x°l JI - ej/os - The infin. future 

commonly follows verbs of promising and hoping. For instances of the 
present or aorist with these verbs, see 2, 3, 20 ; 6, 3, 17 ; 7, 6, 38 ; 7, 7, 
31. For the difference in meaning between the present, future, and aorist. 

with these verbs, see Gram. § 257, 2, Rem. 2. irp6cr8eu . . . irpiy : cf. 

note 1, 1, 10. iraprio-av els : a verb of rest followed by an expression. 

denoting motion, iraprjtrav, they were present, directs the mind more to the 
completion of the march and the arrival at the place of destination. 
Hence we may translate, they arrived at Sardis. Cf. 7, 2, 5 ; 7, 4, 6. 

§ 3. aevias p.zv 5?) : Xenias accordingly, i. e. in accordance with the 
orders mentioned above in § 1. — ~~ birXiras is in apposition with robs 4k 
t&v ir6Xewv = robs iv reus irSXeai e/c rS>v irSXecov. Cf. note on rooy irapa 

fia(rtX4a)s 1, 1, 5. wj, about ; very common with numerals. ^y is 

predicated of ovros and is understood with 6 Sw/c/jcittjs ; see Gram. § 212, 

lj ( D )« T <* v • ' • (yrparevopLevuv : partitive gen. depending on fjv. 

Gram. § 273, 3, (a) : were of those (or among those) who were engaged in 
military operations etc 

§ 4. fieiCova agrees with Trapao-Kevfjv : having thought the preparation, 
to be greater ihan as if against the Pisidians, i. e. having thought the prepara- 
tion to be too great to be destined merely against the Pisidians. ws fiao'i- 



BOOK I. CHAP. II. 233 

Aea : to the Icing ; a>s as a preposition used only before the names of 
persons. 

§ 5. 5^7, accordingly. Cf. § 3, above. irapd, from ; in this sense 

only with the genitive and commonly denoting communication from ; air6, 

from (a place) ; iic, from, implying out of. 3,dp8eoji/. Sardis was the 

ancient capital of Lydia, and the residence of Cyrus as governor of Lesser 
Asia. As we learu from Herodotus 5, 52, it was connected with Nineveh, 
Babylon, and Susa by a well-constructed road, on which traveled a regu- 
lar post ; and that too as early as the time of the old Assyrian empire. 
This road passed through the central and more level regions of Asia Minor, 
and reached the Euphrates at Melite. From this road, another equally 
ancient and as much traveled ran from the high plains of Phrygia in a 
S. E. direction, starting at Caystrupedion, passing along the northern side 
of the Taurus range, and crossing the Cilician pass into Syria. This would 
have been the shortest and most convenient route for Cyrus in the prose- 
cution of his actual design; but having given out as the. object of his 
military preparations an expedition against the Pisidians, he chose at first 
a still more southerly route which led him to Celaenae, the ancient capital 

of Phrygia. Grades properly means the place where one stops after 

a day's march ; then also as here the day's march itself. irapaady- 

yrjs : a Persian measure of length equal to 30 stadia, somewhat more than 
an English league. 

§ 6. olnovixivriv : well inhabited, populous. rj/ce though imperf. in 

form seems to be used as an aorist. The verbs which in the present have 
a perf. signification (as is the case with 7\ko}) often have the imperf. in 

the sense of the aorist (Kriig.). Menon as we learn from 2, 6, 28. 

had received the command of his forces from Aristippus, who was men- 
tioned also in 1, 1, 10. 7//ce . . . e%wj/ : lit. came having, may more con- 
veniently be rendered came with. So also 'dyav, <pepav, XafSwv, may often 

in connections like this be translated with. The Dolopians and Aeni- 

anians were Thessalian tribes. Olynthus was the principal city of the 
Chalcidian peninsula in Thrace. 

§ 7. aradfiobs rpus : the direction of the marches, as will be seen by a 
reference to the map, had now changed from S. E. to E. ; o-Tad/novs is 
accus. of cognate meaning after i^Xavvei. See Gram. § 278, 1 and 2. 

&r\piwv depends on ir\-f}pr)s. Gram. § 273, 5, (b). curb 'ittttov : 

so in Latin ex equo ; lit. from a horse, because the attention of the hunter 
is directed from the horse towards the game. We say in the English 
idiom on horse-back. So also at iryyai s\cnv 4k, the sources are out of, while 

in English we say the sources are in. Sia . . . irapadeio'ov : through the 

midst of the park. For the manner in which the meaning of fxiarov is af- 
fected by its position with respect to the article, see Gram. § 245, Rem. 5. 



234 noites. 

ela-y e/c : prepositions or adverbs which denote motion are not unfre« 

cpiently joined with dvai. Cf. 1, 7, 6 ; 2, 4, 13 and 15. 

§ 8. effri §e teal . . . fiacriKeia : and there is also a palace of the great king , 
i. e. in addition to the palace and park, of Cyrus, as mentioned just above. 

rod Mapavov. Herod. 7, 26. calls this river KarappTjKrrjs (the dashing 

and roaring stream), translating the name into Greek. It is only a small 

stream, which after a short course empties into the Maeander. pet Se 

Kal ovtos : and this also flows etc., i. e. this as well as the Maeander. 

rb evpos : the full construction would be to evp6s icrriv evpos e'iKoo'i kolI 

ireVre irodaiy (Kriig.). ipi^ovrd ot : the dat. of being an enclitic is at 

once distinguished from the relative o'i which is always an oxytone, and 
from the article ol which is a proclitic. For its meaning, see note 1, 1, 8. 
ivepl cocpias : respecting sJcill, sc. in music. odev = e£ ov. 

§ 9. ry {J.dxv : in the battle, i. e. in the well known battle at Salamis. 

For the use of the article here, see Gram. § 244. fiTTTjOets : having 

been defeated. ^^rTao^at is ordinarily used, as here, instead of the passive 

form of viKaca. Opanas and Kprjras are used adjectively. Cf. note 3, 

4, 26. The Cretan archers were celebrated ; and hence were often em- 
ployed as mercenaries. 'SocpalveTos : inasmuch as his arrival was 

mentioned in § 3. above, it leads to the conjecture that a wrong name has 
been introduced either here or in § 3. Probably the name KXeducop or 
'Ayias should stand 'in one of these places, as Sophaenetus, Cleanor, and 

Agias were the three Arcadian generals. Cf. 2, 5, 31, and 37. real 

eyevovTo : and they amounted to etc. ajj.<p\ robs Siax^ovs : about the 

entire number of two thousand. The article is often thus used with general 
statements of number. See Gram. § 246, 9. 

§ 10. iurevOey. To make an attack on the Pisidians, Cyrus would 
need to march towards the S. E. ; but as he really contemplated no such 
attack, and as a direct march to Caystrupedion or Tyriaeum would dis- 
close his actual intentions, he turns back in nearly the opposite direction 
till he reaches the Mysian frontier. The reasons for this are not men- 
tioned by Xen., as he passes rapidly over this portion of his narrative. 

ra AvKaia eflucre : celebrated with sacrifices the Lycaean festival — an Arcadian 
festival in honor of Pan, the Arcadian Zeus. &vco here takes an accus. 

of cognate meaning. orT\eyyides. Boeckh (in the Staatshaush. d. 

Ath. 11. 330.) suggests that these may have been ornaments for the head, 
perhaps in the form of a comb ; and this suggestion is now generally 

received among scholars. Kepaixwv ayopd. This is the only mention 

made of this place. It may afterwards among the Greeks and Romans 
have had another name. It is probable that it occupied the site of the 
modern city (Jshak, on the great military road from Smyrna to the east. 
See map. icrxdrriv irpSs, bordering on. 



book i. chap. n. 235 

§ 11. ivrevdev. From this point he ventures to proceed more directly 

eastward. ir6\iv is in apposition with Kavarpov neSiov, which like 

Kepu/j-uu ayopd has the force of one compound word. axpeiAero, was 

due. irXeov '• one would expect here 7rA.eW which would also he gram- 
matical ; hut the adverbs irAeov, [xeiov, and iXarrov are often joined thus 

to a substantive. Cf. 3, 2, 34 ; 4, 7, 9, and 10. eVl ras &vpas : to his 

doors, i. e. to the doors of Cyrus. airyrovv : tJiey demanded it as some- 
thing due. Such is the ordinary meaning of airaireiv, as distinguished from 
aire?)/ which means simply to demand. So in like manner airoZio6vai, to 

give something which is due. Cf. also airoOveiv 3, 2, 12. ix-rridas Aeywv 

dirjye : lit. he continued expressing hopes, i. e. he continued to solace them with 

hopes. SrjXos "hv : lit. he was plain being troubled. In English we should 

say, he was plainly troubled ; or, it was plain that he teas troubled. The per- 
sonal instead of the impersonal construction with dTjXos, cpavepos, and words 

of similar meaning is very common. Gram. § 310, Rem. 3. irpbs 

rod K. rpSirov : in Tceeping with the character of Cyrus. ex ot/Ta agrees 

with the implied subject of airoSidovai. Cf. note on AafiSvra § 1 above 

Notice the clear distinction in this sentence between ou and jxi], the 

former as the objective, the latter as the subjective negative. 

§ 12. 5 s ovv introduces a fact as opposed to a mere report or supposi- 
tion. Certain is it however that he then gave etc. Cf. 1, 3, 5. (pvAaicas 

is from <£uAa£, a guard (spoken of a single person) ; <pv\aicds in 1, 1, 6. is 
from <pv\a.K-r], a guard, a garrison (collective). Kriig. reads <pv\a.KT)v in 

this place. 'Aa-irevSiovs : from Aspendus, a city on the Eurymedon in 

Pamphylia. avyyeueaOai, spoken here of improper intercourse. 

§ 13. irapd, near. Cf. 3, 4, 9. For the syntax of this preposition, 
see Gr. § 297. Ka\ovfj.4yr], so called. In later writers ovrca was ex- 
pressed for this idea with this participle. rhv ~2,drvpov y the Satyr, i. e. 

Silenus. The fountain here spoken of is now called by the Turkish name 
Olu Bunar, i. e. great fountain. It is identified by its situation in a narrow 
pass between the mountains and Lake Akschehr. 

§ 14. ra>v 'EKK^vwv and rcov fiapfidpuv limit i^erao-iu ; they are 
thrown to the end of the sentence to give them a more emphatic position. 

§ 15. us v6fJLOs (fy) avrots els i^dxw : sc. rdrreadai suggested by 

rax^wai. rax^vai and arrival have for their subject robs "EKX-qvas 

and depend on e/ceA.ei/cre. eKaaroy, sc. arparrjySy, the subject of avv- 

rd^ai and likewise dependent on e'/ceAeucre. — — iirl Terrdpow, four deep. 

Cf. note 5, 2, 6. oi itce'ivov = ol avrov with the exception that the 

former is more emphatic. iKeTvos (which in distinction from olros denotes 
an object more remote) not unfrequently as here refers to an object just 
mentioned. Cf. 1, 3, 1 ; 2, 6, 19. 

16. irapsKavvwy I pass along, is predicated either of a person riding 



236 NOTES. 

or of one on foot, as may be seen from this section. — — /car' ?\as, in 

companies of horse ; Kara Ta|eis, in companies of foot. robs "EAATjyas, 

sc. iOsupei. apiAa, a war-chariot ; app.dp.a£a, a covered carriage used 

especially for women and children ; a/j.a^a, a heavy wagon for carrying 

loads. x Lr ^ yas '• f° r a •^ u ^ description of this garment see Die. Antiqq. 

art. Tunica. After aairiBas the best manuscripts have e'/c/ce/caAu/^ueVas, 

uncovered, instead of e'/c/ce/caflap/xeVas, burnished, the word which stands in 
many editions. That the shield had commonly a covering [cd-yixa) seems 
not to admit of a doubt. 

§ 17. /xecnjs : cf. note 1, 2, 7. irpofia\€0~Qai ra oirXa: to hold out 
before them their armor, i. e. to hold their shields before them as if for de- 
fence, and their spears as if for an attack. <pd\ayya is the subject of 

iirixwpricrai. iffd\7ny^€, the trumpet sounded ; 6 ffaXiriyKr^s is comm. 

suggested as being understood ; so in 3, 4, 36, with e/c^/>u|e the corre- 
sponding noun Kr}pv£ is suggested. e/c rovrov, upon this, hereupon, — a 

very frequent expression in the Anab. irpo'i6vrcov : gen. abs., sc. tS>v 

'EXKfaow. airb rov avro/xdrov, of their own accord. inl ras otoj- 

vds, towards the tents, i. e. of the barbarians. So it is usually understood ; 
and the clause ol "EXXrjves . . . iirl ras crurivas riXQov in § 18 is interpreted 
as meaning the Greeks went back to their (own) tents etc. Kriig. on the other 
hand understands iirl ras GKr\vds in both places to mean the tents of the 
Greeks. 

§ 18. <p6fios, sc. %v. The omission of ?iv is much more unusual than 

of iari. /ecu . . . koI . . . re . . . /cat. It is not easy to translate all of 

these connectives. And there was much fear both to others of the barbarians 
and particularly (nai) both the Cilician women fled . . . and those who were of 

the market-place etc. eepvyev e/c rr\s apfxaixd^rjs, fled from her chariot, 

because (says Hert.) she forgot in her haste and confusion that she could 
flee faster in her chariot than on foot ; or as Matt, supposes, because her 
chariot was drawn by oxen or mules and hence she could actually flee 
faster on foot. Kriig. and others with less propriety interpret the phrase 

differently. ol e'/c rrjs ayopas : another instance of brachyology for ol 

iv rrj ayopa e/c rrjs ayopas. Cf. note on rwy irapa /3a<nAea>s 1, 1, 5, and 

robs e/c rav Tt6Xswv 1, 2, 3. rbv . . . <p6fSov. That which intervenes 

between the article and noun is commonly of the nature of an adjective. 
Lit. the from the Greeks into the barbarians fear ; i. e. the fear with which 
the Greeks inspired the barbarians. 

§ 19. Iconium was the chief city of Lycaonia in the Macedonian and 
Roman times. Lycaonia in the time of Xen. was limited to the northern 
slope of Taurus, and the plain at the foot of this mountain range. The 
inhabitants having possession of certain strongholds refused submission to 
the Persians. This doubtless was the excuse of Cyrus for giving the 

• 



book i. chap. ii. 237 

country up to indiscriminate plunder. Xen. alludes to the Lycaonians 

again in 3, 2, 23. ovaav agrees with x^P av - 

§ 20. 'EvrevOev. From Iconium he had marched through Lycaonia 
thirty parasangs, probably continuing in a S. E. direction. This would 
bring him near the city Laranda, from which a steep mountain path leads 
directly (tV raxt-GTW 6d6u) to Tarsus. But as this path was not suffi- 
ciently safe for the whole army, it was necessary to proceed in a N. E. 
direction, so as to reach the main road from Cappadocia to Cilicia. This 
road led from Mazaca southward through Tyana (here called Dana), whose 

ruins under the name of Kilissa Hissar are yet conspicuous. avr6v, 

i. e. Menon. iu y, in which time. (poiviKiar^v : this is commonly 

thought to mean purpuratum, a courtier of such rank that he was entitled 
to wear purple. But with this meaning, as Kriig. suggests fiao-lheiov 
would seem out of place. Hence with much plausibility he translates it 
purple-dyer. This may have been at the Persian court an important office. 
■ ical . . . Svvdffrrjv : and a certain other person, a chief man of the 

under-officers. alriaadfxeuos, sc. avrovs. 

§ 21. % 6tV)8oA7], the entrance. This was the so-called KiKlniat irv\ai f 
which Alexander the Great found equally unguarded. (Arrian. Anab. II. 
4, 4.) It is a narrow way artificially cut from the rock, in a natural 

ravine through which runs the river Sarus. nal a/iTjx " 05 eiVeAJe?;/ = 

ty ajxi\xavov (l(re\6e?u, which it was impracticable to enter etc, Cf. note on 

StjAos l\v 1, 2, 11. di t efxeivev : wherefore he remained. Kvpos the 

principal subject of the narrative is readily supplied, with e/xetj/ej/. iu 

r$ ireSico. This plain is directly north of the pass, and even in the Roman 

times still bore the name rb Kvpov o , rpar6ire§ov i Cyri castra. rp ucrre- 

paia, sc. ??/iepa. AeXonrws eX-q : a circumlocution for the pluperf. optat. 

For the oratio obliqua, see Gram. § 345. %v instead of cfy, — the indie. 

denoting more distinctly than the optat. a definite fact. For the inter- 
change of the indie, and optat. in the oratio obliqua, see Gram. § 345, 

Eem. 5. Cf. also note 2, 2, 15. on after ijcQero is declarative, after 

Kai it is causal, and is connected logically, not with fadero, but with Ae- 

Aonrws cfaj. rprf)p€ts is the object of ixpvra : because he heard that 

Tamos had gallies etc. For the accus. and particip. (Tafxkv exovra) instead 
of the accus. and infin. see Gram. § 310, 4. rds and the words fol- 
lowing it qualify rpi-qpeis. 

§ 22. ovSevbs kcoKvovtos : gen. abs. — — ov, a relative adv., where. 

i<pv\arrov, had kept guard. Cf. note on tTvyx av * v *X (l0V > ^> 1> 8. 

(rv(j.ir\eu)v, an adj. qualifying ireSiov, being of the Attic 2d deciens. 

avr6, i. e. rb ireSiov. 

§ 23. araB^ovs rerrapas. Xen. has here by mistake predicated the 
whole distance from Dana to Tarsus of the short space from the pass to 



238 NOTES. 

Tarsus. See Introduc. § 7. Tapffol and 'Iffffol are unusual formi 

in other writers, always Tapcos, and , I<ro , 6s. -f\(rav is here used wii. i 

the neut. plur. Several other instances of the same kind occur in the 

Anab., e. g. in 1, 4, 4 ; 1, 4, 10 ; 1, 5, 1. et al. ovojxa, accus. synec. ; 

so also evpos. ivXeQpoov depends on irorafiSs. 

§ 24. i£e\iirov els : an abbreviated expression for etcXiirovres ecpvyov 
els, abandoned and fled to etc. €7ri to opt] also implies a verb of motion. 

§ 25. hpSiv. Xen. uses also the uncontracted form dpecav. Cf. 1, 2, 

21 ; 3, 4, 19 ; 3, 5, 17. tuv els rh ireUov. The construction implies 

the idea of motion, the mountains (extending) into the plain. ol f-ev: one 

would expect here ical oi pev or ovs ol /xev. Similar instances of asyndeton 

(Gram. § 325.) occur 2, 1, 6 ; 2, 3, 24. apird(ovTas agrees with the 

subject of KaraKoir-quaif avrovs understood. elra irKavotfievavs airoXe- 

crQai, after that (i. e. after being unable to find the rest of the armj or the 

roads) perished in wandering. > S J ovv : cf. note § 12. After eKar6v i 

Krug. and Kuh. introduce e/caCTOs, a hundred heavy-armed men (to) each 
(company). Hert. in a note approves of this reading. 

§ 26. irpbs kuvrSv, (to come) to himself. upe'iTTOvi, more powerful. 

ovdevi Tvca . . . els xelpas eXOetv, that he had never yet gone into the power 

of any one etc. For another meaning of els x^P as Uvai t cf. 4, 7, 15. 



Kvpa) (sc. els xe?pas) lemi. irio'Teis = irurrd in 1, 6, 7. — eAafie, 

SC. ^veuvecis. 

§ 27. Kdpos 8e, sc e'Sco/ce. In Greek as in Latin, a verb belonging to 
several ideas is often expressed with the first and understood with the 

others. rr]v x c * > P au • • • apTrd^eaOai depends on eSoone ; so also ctaro- 

Xaixfiaveiv with its object ret . . . avdpdiroda : fit. Cyrus gave to him that his 

country should no longer be plundered etc. ijv irov ivrvyxdwo'iv, if they 

(i. e. Syennesis and the Cilicians) should any where meet with (them, i. e. 
the slaves). The general rule would require the optative. Gram. § 327. 2. 
For the subjunct. here, cf. note 1, 3, 14, eav /*?) 5t5$. 

chap. in. 

The Greeks refuse to proceed farther, suspecting the real object of tho 
expedition ; but on being assured that Cyrus was leading them against 
Abrocamas, who was somewhere on the Euphrates, and with the pro- 
mise of higher pay, they consent to resume the march. Clearchus is 
the principal agent in bringing about this result. 

§ 1. ovk etyaaav levai, negabant se ituros esse, denied that they would go, 
or more simply, refused to go. levai in the indie, infin. and particip. is 

often future in meaning. Gr. § 181. Rem. 5. rod Trp6<r<a is of the 

nature of a partitive gen., (a step) of the way forwards, or simply forwards. 



BOOK I. CHAP. III. 239 

— — ovk tcpacrav, translate as above, they denied. iirl tovtoj, for this 

purpose, i. e. to go against the king. irpuiTOt/, in the first place. Some 

editions have npuros, and then Ave should render it was the first who. Com- 
pare in Latin the use of primus and primum. ifiid^ero : the imperf. 

tense often denotes the beginning of an action, and hence the idea of try- 
ing, attempting. So here, he tried to compel. Cf. aviaraa'av 4, 5, 19. dye- 

gtzWov 5, 4, 23. zfiaWov, cast (stones or other missiles) at him. 

ro?s AiOots is expressed with fiaXXsiv in 5, 7, 19. 

§ 2. [juKpo'v, a little ; is often as here best rendered by our word scarcely. 

to {xr) KaTaTreTpwOrjvai is grammatically the object of ££4cpvye : he 

scarcely escaped that he should not be stoned to death, or more simply, he scarcely 
escaped being stoned to death. For this use of /xt) with the infin. after verbs 
of hindering, abstaining etc. see Gr. § 318, 8. According to the English 

idiom, the negative would be omitted. SvprjceTai. The general rule 

would require here Svyairo ; but the direct form of discourse often takes 
the place of the indirect, even in the midst of a sentence. Gr. § 345, 5. 

iSaKpve . . . kffrws, standing he wept, or in more idiomatic English, he 

stood and wept, icrrccs is perf. in form but present in meaning. Gr. § 193, 

Rem. 3. tlra and sirena (without 5e) are often used as correlatives 

of irpwrov fiiv or of some similar expression. Cf. 3, 2, 27 ; and in § 10 

below to fx\v fieyicrTOU . . . e7reiTO. TOidde, talia, somewhat as follows, 

denoting that the language of Clearchus is not reported with the utmost 
accuracy ; TctSe, as follows, would denote more exactness in the report. 
The same distinction prevails between Toiavra and TaOrcc referring to what 
precedes. 

§ 3. &vdpes before the names of persons was the common mode of 

respectful address. /xr), like ne in Latin, always used in prohibitions, 

as something merely conceived by the mind. cpevyovTa : cf. note 1, 1, 

7. ovk els to XSiov . . . ifjLoi, I did not lay (them) up for my own pri- 
vate advantage. dAA* ovdh KaOndvirdOnaa, nor did I even expend (them) 

for pleasure. 

§4. iTifMcopov^rjUy sc. avTois. ~— — fx-eQ' v/xuv : for the difference be- 
tween fxeTa with the gen. and avu with the dak, see Gr. § 294. fiov- 

\ofj4vovs agrees with avrovs. The participle denotes the notion of time,' 
of cause, or of condition ; and may often be conveniently rendered by a 
finite verb with one of the particles when, because, or if; so here, while they 

wished, or because they wished. "EWrjuas and yr\v both depend on acpai- 

pelaOui. Gr. § 280. el ti Seotro, if he should need any thing. Seo^icu 

takes for the most part only neuter pronouns, very seldom neuter adjec- 
tives, in the accus. auO' uv = olvtI tovtoov a : in return for those things 

which I had experienced as favors (e3) etc., or more freely, in return for tlie 
favors which I had received etc. 



24:0 NOTES. 

§ 5. irpoddvra agrees with the implied subject of xpyvOai. The dat. 
irpodSvTi agreeing with /xoi would also be grammatical. Cf. note on Aa- 

fiovra 1, 2, 1. 8' ovv : cf. note 1, 2, 12. abv vpuv . . . ireia-o/xai : 

with you I will suffer whatever may be necessary, ireiao/xai as future of 
irdax * takes its object in the accus. ; as fut. mid. of ireidw, in the dat. 

ovirore . . . ovdeis. For two or more negatives in the same clause, 

see Gr. § 318, 6. "E?^Xr]vas and robs "EAAyvas. The former is inde- 
finite, implying any Greeks ; the latter is definite, denoting the Greeks just 
referred to, i. e. those whom he may have led among the barbarians. 

§ 6. ifxol eVeo"0cu, to follow me ; cbv vfiiv ei//o/.iat, I will follow in com~ 
pany with you, eireadai took the dat. alone, avv with the dat., a[xa with 
the dat., or /iera with the gen., the specific idea being varied with each 
expression. av elvai ri/xios, that I should be honorable. For the nom- 
inative (tl/juos) with the infin., see Gr. § 307, 4. v/j.u>v eprjfxos &v, 

being bereft of you. For the government of i/xav, see Gr. § 271, 3. 

ens epov k.t.A. : gen. abs. ; as if I were about to go etc. On the meaning 
of d)s, cf. note 1, 1, 2., and on the fut. signification of. Uvros, cf. note § 1. 
above. v/xels, sc. tyre. 

§7. o'i re avrov iKelvov, both those of him himself i.e. both his own; 

Ka\ oi aAAot, and the otJiers, i. e. those of the other generals. on with 

its clause is explanatory of ravra : these things, that he refused etc. 

TTopeveo-Ocu, the pres. infin. used in lively narration instead of the fut. infin. ; 
in the same way that ov 7copevo/j.ai may be used instead of oh iropevcrofiau 

ov (pair] : oratio obliqua. Gr. § 345, 4. tiryvecraV) sc. avrov. 

irapd in this section is used with the three oblique cases : irapd with the 
gen. (the " whence-case ") means, from the side of, or simply, from; with 
the dat. (the " where-case "), by the side of, or simply, by ; with the accus. 
(the " whither-case ") to the side of, or simply, to. 

§ 8. tovtois, by reason of these things. Gr. § 285, 1, (1). Cf. 1, 5, 13. 
jxereire/xireTO, continued sending for-, the notion of continuance or repe- 
tition bel'nging to the imperf. tense. rwv crrpaTicoruv depends on 

Xadpa. Gr. § 273, 5, (e). avry is dependent rather on eAeye than on 

ire/jLirav, which as a verb of motion would take a preposition with the 

accus. Gr. § 284, 3, (1). eAeye, he said, not in person, but through 

the messenger ; \4yeiv and words of similar meaning are not unfrequently 
used in this way ; eAeye with &appe?v may be rendered, he bade him be of 

good courage. ws . . . els rb oeov, on the ground that these things would 

be settled seasonably. ju.eTa7re/r7re(r0at : cf. note on ixeTeire/xirero above. 

e'/ce'Aeve;/ : cf. note on eAeye above. 

§ 9. rovs TrpoaeAdovras avry : those who had come to him, i. e. from 
Xenias and Pasion. avr<p depends on irpocreXdSvTas. " Many verbs of 
motion compounded with the prepositions ds, irp6s, en-/, etc., take their 



/ 

BOOK I. CHAP III. 241 

object in the dative." Gr. § 284, 2, Rem. 2. rbu povXS/iwov, the one 

who desired, i. e. any one who desired, is limited by tuv &A\a>v as gen. of the 

w hole. The rhetorical skill displayed in the following address deserves 

particular attention. to. /xh 8?/ Kvpov k.t.K., it is plain that the rela- 
tions of Cyrus toicards us are just the same as ours towards him, i. e. as we 
have ceased to sustain towards him the relation of soldiers in his employ- 
ment, so he has ceased to sustain towards us the relation of paymaster. 

§ 10. /xeraTrefj-TToixeuov avTOv : gen. abs. sc. fie : though he continues to 

send for me. rb fxeu fieyiarov, chiefly. The correlative clause is sirena 

instead of wena 8e. Cf. note on cTto § 2 above. irdura iipevo-fxei/os 

ovt6v, having deceived him in all things. In § 5 above, we have another 

construction, irpbs ineTvov tyevo-d/xevov, having been false to him. SeSiws 

/x-fi, fearing that: After verbs of fearing, /i/j is translated like the Latin ne. 

wv = tovtojv a, Gr. § 332, 6. The clause runs thus, fearing that 

having taken me he may inflict punishment for those things in which he sup- 
poses etc. 

§ 11. naQevSeiv, to sleep, must here of course be understood figurative- 
ly. iiuccu avT&v : for tbe form, see Gr. § 88 ; dependent on &,ueAeIV, 

Gr. § 274, 1, (b), to neglect ourselves. o, ti (or as some editors write 

o Ti) from oo-tis, is the interrogative for an indirect question, as rts ri is 

the interrogative for a direct question. 4k tovtcou, in consequence of 

these things, in the present circumstances ; but e;c tovtov in § 13, means here- 
upon. avrov, here, an adv. aneirreov eivai, sc. r^uv, that we must 

consider etc. For the construction of the verbal in rios, see Gr. § 284, 3, 

(12). &7rt/xej/, future. Cf. note § 1 above. u<pe\os oudev, sc. 

i<TTi, there is no profit either in general etc. 

§ 12. 6 avi]p, i. e. Cyrus. ttoWov depends on a£ios as gen. of price. 

Gr. § 275, 3, worthy of much, valuable. ixQpo's = inimicus : TvoXifxios = 

hostis. irdures o/ioicos, all alike, all without exception. ical yap, 

since also. avTov, gen. of the pers. pron. dependent on TrSppco. Gr. 

§ 273, Rem. 4, (c). &pa, sc. cVtiV, it is time. 

§ 13. c/c tovtov, hereupon; cf. note § 11. After him would be ex- 
pressed by fieTa, tovtov ; cf. § 14 below, and 3, 1, 45. \<e£ovt€s, to 

say ; fat. act. particip. denoting purpose as in Latin. Gr. § 312, 4, (c). 

u7r' itce'ivov, by him, i.e. Clearchus. -o\a (from oTos), of what nature ; 

how great would be expressed by &V77 (front. o<ros). 

§ 14. efs 8e 817. The three clauses ol /ueV, ol Se, and els 8e 8?'? are cor- 
relative, the last being made emphatic by S77 : render them, some . . . , 
others . . . , but one particularly . . . — — eXeadai depends on e?7re, proposed 

to choose. et ^ jSouActcu for liveliness of narration instead of d fi^j 

fiovXoiTo. 7] 8" ayopd . . . CTpaTev/j.aTi. This clause is not a part of 

the speech, but is thrown in by the narrator to show how absurd the speech 

11 



242 NOTES. 

•was. (rvcrKevdfecrQai like eAeo"0cu depends on elire : so also the remain. 

ing infinitives in this section. i\6opras agrees with the implied subject 

of alrelv ; and that they having gone should demand etc. iav f.i^ 5i5a\ 

As the Greeks not unfrequently pass abruptly from the oratio obliqua to the 
oratio recta, so dependent clauses of the oratio obliqua often take the form 
of the oratio recta. Here the regular form of the oratio obliqua would be 
el /.ii] SiSonj. Cf. note 1, 4 } 12. So also aird£et instead of airaydyoL on the 

same principle. r)]v raxL&Triv, sc « oS6v, in the speediest (manner). For 

the construction, see Gr. § 279, Rem. 8. irpoKaTaXT\i\iopL€vovs, persons 

to preoccupy etc., the object of Tciixtyai. Cf. note on xQovres §13. 

(pSdaoxri KaraAafiSi'Tes, may have anticipated us in having occupied (them). 
For the construction of <pddva), rvyxdvu), KavQdva, etc., with a participle, 

see Gr. § 310, 4, (1). ay, relating to ol KiXixes, limits both iroXKovs 

and xp'hfia-Ta- '■> "with the former, it is a partitive gen. (or more properly gen. 

of the whole), with the latter, a gen. of possession. (ixofxei/ TjpirakoTzs : 

a complete transition to the oratio recta, which was already indicated by 
using the subj. and indie, instead of the optat. just before. The particip. 
and verb, as often elsewhere, may here be rendered into English by two 
connected verbs : — -from whom we have taken and now possess many captives 

and much treasure. toctovtoi/, thus much, i. e. only thus much, directing 

attention to the brevity of his speech. 

§ 15. us . . . CTparriyiav, as if I were about to take this command; either 
the accus. or the gen. abs. may follow as or ciairep. Gr. § 312, 6. crrpa- 
T-rjyiav is accus. of kindred meaning after o~TpaT7)yf)(rovTa. Gr. § 278, 1, 2. 

AeyeTO? takes as object, not 4/jl4 alone, but the whole clause, as . . . 

GTparriyiav. It may be rendered, let no one of you entertain an opinion as 

if etc. With the meaning of \ey4rco here, cf. that cf Aeyets 2, 1, 15. 

i/jLol . . . TroLTjreov. For the construction of the verbal, see Gr. § 284, 3, 

(12). as 5e, sc. enaffTOS AeyeVw suggested by fxrjdeis \eyira, but let 

each one entertain the opinion that I etc. tm avfipi : cf. note on ireicro- 

/xai 1, 3, 5. %v av e\r)cr9e, whom you shall have chosen, dv with the 

aor. subjunct. has the meaning of a fut. perf. Gr. § 255, Rem. 9. 

rj fivvarbv /j.d\iara, lit. in what way it is possible the most, or more simply, 
the most possible, most implicitly. — — Treicrofxai stands by a change of con- 
struction for ireiffoixevov, wbich would correspond to the construction of 
p'Tparriyiia'ovTa. on Kal apx*o~dai iTricrrafxai. It was universally ad- 
mitted that he knew how to govern (dpxeiv) ; hence the force of /cat before 

apx^o'dai : — that I know how to be governed also. [xdXiVTa ayOpairay is 

added to the foregoing expression for the sake of emphasis ; lit. as any 
other one also especially of men, i. e. as well as any other one among men. 

§ 16. rov . . . KsXevovros, of the person urging etc. ; gen. limiting eu- 
4)9eiai/. affnep . . . iroiovfiivov : gen. abs. cf. note § 15. Eriig. and 



book i. chap. in. 243 

Hert. -would omit the negative (/xr)) in this clause, and render it thus, just as 
though Cyrus would make the expedition back again, and so have no occasion 
to use the ships. This interpretation is rendered very probahle by a com- 
parison with 1, 4, 5. Matthiae expresses the same idea by omitting irdXiv. 
Kiihner following Bornemann renders, quasi retro' Cyrus navigaturus non 
essct, — an intelligible and possible interpretation, but less probable than 
the one above given. Others render TrdXiv by posthac, which Kuh. pro- 
nounces impossible. ivoiovnivoy instead of iroir\ao^vov, — the lively 

Greek often conceiving of the future as already present. See Gr. § 255, 
Rem. 3. irapd with the gen. ; cf. note 1, 2, 5. See also the construc- 
tion of aire?}/ § 14. $ is attracted by its antecedent 7)ye[x6vi. from the 

accus. to the dat. See Gr. § 332, G. For the force of dv with the pres. 

subjunct., see Gr. § 2G0, 3, (c). Cf. also note on ov av eXrjaOe § 15. 

ri . . . TrpoKa.TaAa/j.fidveiv. Kriig. understands this passage thus, what hin- 
ders that Cyrus (as he can work against us in other matters, so also) shoidd 
give orders to occupy the heights before us (for the purpose of intercepting 
us) ? Hertlein more suitably to the connection understands it as ironical 
and intended to show the absurdity of asking ships or a guide from Cyrus : 
thus, what hinders our urging Cyrus also to preoccupy the heights for us (i. e. 
for our advantage) ? 

§ 17. 'E7W is not expressed unless there is some emphasis on it. 

fi-flt lest, used after oKvotrjv as afteiva^verb of fearing. avra?s Ta?s rpi- 

rjptcri, lit. with the ships themselves, i. e. as we sometimes say ships and all. 

For the government of Tpiripeo-i, see Gr. § 283, 2. £ : cf. note § 16. 

dv with Zoir] is omitted in some editions on the ground that the optat. 

with dv must be the principal clause of a conditional sentence, while here 
it stands in a relative clause. Yet instances of the kind before us seem to 
be well established (cf. 1, 5, 9), and the dv suggests here very pertinently 
an implied condition, thus — whom he should give (if indeed he should give 

one). o'0ei/ = e/ce?(re odev, to a place from which, the antecedent of a 

relative adverb like that of a relative pronoun being often omitted. 

dydyrj and tWcu instead of aydyoi and dr). Cf. note on iav /u.7] 8i5<£ § 14 

above. &kovtos Kvpov, gen. abs. ; kn&v and cutcov in the gen. abs. 

have the force of participles, ovtos or vvtuv being very seldom expressed 
with them. A few passages also occur where kTol^wv stands absolutely 
without ovtwv (cf. 7, 8, 11). With these exceptions the omission of &v in 

the gen. abs. is rare and poetic. XaOeiv avrbv aireX.Q(av, lit. to elude 

him in having gone away, i. e. to go away without his notice. 

§ 18. (pXvaplas : accus. plur. predicate of elvai ; has esse nugas. 

tI . . . xpijcrflcu, for what he wishes to employ us. For t[ in an indirect 
question instead of 0, ri, see Gr. § 314, Rem. 1. For the government of 
ri, see Gr. § 278, 4. ??, subjunct. pres. 3d pers. sing. o'lc^irep =» 



244 NOTES. 

Toiavrij olavirep, the antecedent being omitted and the relative being at- 
tracted to its case. The relative oiavirep would depend on xprjadcu as an 
accus. of cognate meaning, the Greek being able to say (according to 
Kriiger) Trpa^tu xpv (r ^ a h as ne would say %pr\<nv xpTJeBai. ^ e shojild 
render, similar to that in which he formerly also employed the mercenaries. 

For the allusion, cf. 1, 1, 2. ^-tovtu), i. e. Kvpw, depends on <rvv in 

composition. 

§ 19. tt)s TrpScGey, sc. 7rpa|ea>s, depends on the comparatives which 
follow. irpoaQev has here the obstruction of an adjective. Adverbs are 

often thus used in Greek. Gr. § 262, d. afyovv and below airayye?- 

Xai and fiovXeveaQcu with its subject accus. depend on doKe? § 18. — — — 
t) . . . rj : either that he having persuaded should lead xs or etc., dependent on 
a£iodv. The Greeks would probably be persuaded not so much by argu- 
ments as by higher pay {dcopois Kal %P'hi JLa(J ' tv ) Cyrop. ], 5, 3. irpbs 

(piXiav, in a friendly manner. Cf. irpbs opyrjv, in an angry manner, and irpbs 

7)$ov7]v, in a flattering manner. Thucyd. 2, 65. acpievai, dismiss, let go. 

cpihoi, an adject, agreeing with the subject of kiroiixeQtx; in following, 

we should folloio friendly to him etc. 

§ 20. %do£e radra : notice the asyndeton (omission of the connective). 
Cf. 3, 2, 39 ; 3, 3, 20 ; 4, 2, 19 ; 4, 4, 6. Similar instances, when the 

verb stands first and the demonstrative follows, are numerous. ra 

S6^avra rfj GrpariS. : lit. the things which seemed good for the army, i. e. 

what had been resolved on for the army. on anovot k.t.A. Cyrus here 

discloses a part of the truth, that the Greeks might be led to conjecture 
the rest, and thus by degrees become familiar with the project of marching 

against the Mug. Abrocamas is mentioned again in 1, 7, 12. t)]v 

ZIkt)v, the merited punishment. Cf. 2, 5, 38, and 41. 

§ 21. ol alperol, those who were chosen. Cf. dvdpas e\6/j.evoi /c.r.A. § 20. 

ayei, used for vivacity of expression instead of dyoi. irpocrai- 

tovcti. The preposition in composition signifies in addition, i. e. in addition 

to the pay which they had before received. i]/j.i6\iov . . . ol : a half 

more than that which etc. ov = tovtov o, the relative depending on ecpepov 
and the antecedent on i]p.i6Xiov which has the force of a comparative. Gr. 
§ 275, 2. Others take ou = rod jxicrQov ov, instead of regarding it as a 

neuter pronoun used substantively. rov /xrjvSs, monthly. Gr. § 273, 

4, (b). rcS CTpaTicirrj, to the soldier, i. e. to each soldier. For the 

value of the Daric, see note 1, 1, 9. tV ye t<£> <pavep<2, adverbial, at 

least openly. Cf. tv t<£ ifxpave?, 2, 5, 25. 



BOOK I. CIIAP. IV. 245 



CHAP. IV. 

The march from Tarsus to the Euphrates. Manner of passing the Pylae 
Syriae ; — desertion of Xenias and Pasion ; — conduct of Cyrus towards 
them ; — arrival at Thnpsacus on the Euphrates ; — Cyrus discloses his 
real object ; — dissatisfaction of the army ; — at length, influenced by 
fresh promises and by the example of Menon, the whole army crosses 
the Euphiates. 

§ 1. Wapos is written ~2,dpos in other Greek authors ; it is now called 
Seibun. The river Pyramus is now called Dschehan. The city Issus" 
afterwards became celebrated as the scene of the great battle between 

Alexander and Darius 111. diK.ovixivf\v, situated, Cf. oj/cetro 1, 4, 11 ; 

4, 8, 22. It sometimes means inhabited (1, 2, 6.), in opposition to the idea 
ep-hixri, deserted. Cf. 1, 5, 4 ; and 3, 4, 7. 

§ 2. al 4k UeAo-rrovyficrov y/jes : the clause e/c IleA. has the position and 
force of an adjective. Gr. § 245, Rem. 3. The ships from Peloponnesus 

have already been mentioned 1, 2, 21. eV avrcus, over them, denoting 

command. Cf. in § 3. eVl twv vewv, upon the ships, denoting situation 

only. riyeiTo avrcay, led them, i. e. as commander in chief, while 

Pythagoras was subordinate in command, and admiral of the Peloponne- 
sian ships only. After the death of Cyrus, this Tamos fled to Psammeti- 

chus king of Egypt and was there executed by order of the king. e£ 

'Ecpeaov is to be connected with i)ye?TO, conducted from Ephesus. 

iiro\i6pK€L, and crvj/eTro\e l uei : cf. note on zrvyxavev 1, 1, 8. ■ Trpbs av- 

tov, against him, i. e. against Tissaphernes. 

§ 3. /j.€Tairef.iTVTos : for the force of the verbal adject, in -ros, see Gr. 

§ 234, 1, (i) ; cf. alperoi, 1, 3, 21. 'APpoKo/xa : gen. sing. 1st declens., 

see Gr. § 44, Rem. 2. This whole clause is a condensed expression, equiva- 
lent to ol irap' y AfipoKOfJ.a p.tcr6o<p6poi "EKkrjues Trap' 'Afipoico/j-a cbroaraj'Tes, 
the mercenary Greeks with Abrocamas having revoltedyVo?re Abrocamas etc. 
Cf. note on twv irapa fiaaiXzws 1,1,5. 

§ 4. iurevdev, thence, i. e. from the city Issi, or as commonly written 

Issus. TrvAas k.t.K. Three mountain passes led into the Cilician 

plain : one over Mt. Taurus, through which Cyrus had already gone before 
reaching Tarsus ; the other two, between Cilicia and Syria. Of these, the 
route nearest the sea, which Cyrus now chose (and which contained in 
reality two passes), was called the Syrian, and that farthest from the sea, 
the Amanic pass. irv\as stands here without the article, as is often the 

case with the names of places. ^<rav . . . reixv^ an d these were two 

walls. Thus Xen. describes somewhat indefinitely the passes themselves, 
because they were fortified by two rdxV' Observe in this clause : i]oav 
with the neut. plur. Gr. § 241, 4, (b). irpo, before, on the side of. To 



246 



NOTES. 



denote this idea irpSs was more commonly used. 8ia /*4<rov, through 

the midst, /xecrov used substantively often stands without the article ; cf. 

1, 7, 6 ; 1, 8, 13. evpos irXiBpov : the latter word depends on irora- 

(.ios, the former is ace. by synec. -f\cav agrees in number with the 

predicate. Cf. %v 6, 2, 10 ; and 7, 2, 32. ovk ^\v, impers. it was not 

possible. riXifiaroi : a poetic word. Cf. Introduction ; latter part of 

§ 3. — I — icpeiffT'fjKeo-av : compounded of iiri and "o-Trjfii. Recollect that 
'lo'Trjfxi is intrans. in the perf. pluparf. and 2d aor. act., and that the perf. 

and pluperf. act. are pres. and imperf. in meaning. This section may 

be better understood by the following diagram. 



* 




§ 5. aTrofiifidareiei/ : from &7ro/3ij8a£co, a transitive verb, to be carefully 
distinguished from airofialvo) (intrans.) : that he might land heavy-armed 

men etc. eftrw, within, i. e. between the two walls or fortresses ; e|w, 

without, i. e. on the Syrian side ; irvXwv limits both eiW and e|co. See Gr. 

§ 273, 3, (c). Kal fiiacrdixevoi k.t.X., and that they (i. e. Cyrus and his 

army) having forced the enemy etc. For a similar change of subject in two 
succeeding clauses, from the commander alone to the commander with his 
troops, cf. § 19. <pv\a.TTOiey, sc. ol iroXspaoi. oirep, ichich very 



thing, i. e. the keeping guard at the Syrian pass. 



exoura : the parti- 



ciple denotes the various ideas of time, cause, and condition. Here the 

notion of cause seems most prominent, because he had a large army. 

ov instead of its usual position (immediately before the verb) here stands 
before rodro, thus anticipating more distinctly the following antithesis. 
— — Kvpou . . . ovra, that Cyrus was etc. For the accus. and particip. 
instead of the accus. and infin. see Gr. § 310, 4. 

§ 6. Mvplavdov. Hertlein, apparently following Kiepert, gives this as 
the true form of the word for the time of Xenophon, instead of the later form 

MvpiavZpov, which is fonnd in most editions. %v. Xen. might have 

written icrrl, the place is a commercial factory, for the language was still 
true when he wrote the account ; but the past tense is not unfrequently 
introduced thus instead of the present in a narration. Cf. ij/6/j.i(ov 1, 4, 9. 
e'xwpet 1, 5, 6, and l\v 1, 4, 1. oXuddes. For an account of the dif- 
ferent kinds of ships, see Die. Antiqq. art. navis. Sipfiovu : from dp- 

ix((t} t to be carefully distinguished from dpp.dw. 



BOOK I. CHAP. IV. 247 

§ 7. ws . . . i$6icovv, as they seemed to the most ; the personal, instead 
of the more usual impersonal construction. (pi\0Tiix-r)QevTes, being jea- 
lous. The allusion is explained in 1, 3, 7. rovs crTpanuras is the 

object of ex* lv : because Cyrus allowed Clearchus to retain etc. Observe 

the important force of tovs before irapa KKeapxov : their soldiers, those who 
had gone to Clearchus. Without tovs it would mean, their soldiers (imply- 
ing all of them) after having gone away to Clearchus. cos : cf. note 1, 

1, 2. e'ta : imperf. 3d pers. sing, of idee, with the augment et-. See 

Gr. § 122, 3. evxovro as distinguished from fSovXoiiai and efleAco de- 
notes an earnest desire. ws . . . iivras : cf. note on ws 1, 1, 2. 

aXdxroivro : observe that all the parts of this verb even those which are 
act. or mid. in form are pass, in meaning. 

§ 8. a\\' . . . on, but still let them at least know well that etc. eTriard- 

aQwaav from iiriaTafx.ai. cc7roSi5pacr/c», / escape by running aicay and 

eluding observation; airocpevyw, I flee away so as to get beyond the power of 

any one. ofy ^ 1 ) as a ^ so ^' ct0 > ls V er ^ m meaning, though pres. in 

form. Gr. § 255, Eem. 2. ov5' . . . ovdeis : a double negation which 

we can translate only by a single negative. Gr. § 318. 6. ds iyd>, 

notice the emphasis on this last word. avrovs, though in the plural, 

refers to t\s as collective in meaning. Uvtcdv, let them (i. e. Xenias 

and Pasion) go. Kaiciovs, nominat. plur., qualifying the subject of eiai. 

Kairoi ... 76 ... , aAA.' : although I have indeed . . . , yet etc. ye 

renders ex * emphatic. TpaWeis : Tralles was a city in Lydia. 

<Ppovpovjxeva refers to Teni/a Kal yvvcuKas, not as persons but as things. 

Gr. § 242. <TTep-l]aovrai : observe the anomaly in voice. See L. & Sc. 

§ 9. 7j5(oj/ and ivpoQv^6repov : for the comparison of adverbs, see Gr. 

§ 85. ffweiropevoi/TOy proceeded in company with (him, i. e. Cyrus). 

For the special force of the imperf. tense, see Gr. § 256, 2. Xd\os : 

now called Kuweik. Lower in its course it flows through Haleb, the 
XaAvfidov of the ancients. The name XoAos seems allied to the name 

XaXvfiuv. irXeQpov limits Ttora\i.6v. Cf. irXeOpau 1, 2, 23. ■ Sreovs. 

According to the Syrian legend, Semiramis was changed into a dove and 
her mother Derceto into a fish. Diodor. 2, 4, and 20. Hence these ani- 
mals were held as sacred by the Syrians. The worship of fishes was 
especially prevalent in the neighboring city, sacred to Derceto, called by 
the Greeks 'lepdiroXis, by the Syrians Bambyce (so on the map), or Old- 
Nineveh (from nin i. e.flsh). ev6^ov and eioiv : cf. note on fy § 6. 

eXwv : cf. ela § 7. oiiSe ras TepiffTepds, sc. aduceTi/ etW. els (u>- 

vr\v : the tribute from different provinces in the Persian empire was often 
devoted to the supply of the various wants of the Persian queens. In like 
manner (as we learn from Thucyd. 1, 138.) the Persian king gave to 
Themistocles the province of Magnesia to supply him with bread, Lamp- 
sacus, with wine, and Myus with viands. 



248 NOTES. 

§ 10. A<z/?aSa£. This river has not yet been identified in modem 
times. Its situation however can be determined pretty nearly by the dis- 
tances given in the Anab., and this is farther confirmed by the site of the 
city afterwards called Barbalissus, by the Syrians, Bar-Balasch (i. e. field 

of BaJasch = Belesys), now called Balis. ou to edpos irXidpov : the 

full construction^iccording to Kriiger is oj to evpos iart evpos irXedpov, 
whose icidth is (that of) a hundred feet. rod . . . 'ap^avTOS, the one hav- 
ing governed Syria, i. e. the person who had been governor of Syria (up to the 
time when Cyrus arrived). axnov, i. e. irapadeio-ov. 

§ 11. iirl . . . TroTafAov : Hert. understands this to mean along the river, 
supposing Cyrus to have reached the Euphrates at the place called on the 
map Daradax, and from thence to have proceeded along in the neighbor- 
hood of the river without following" its numerous windings. But the usual 
interpretation to the river seems - to be a more natural expression of eirl 
tov . . . TroTa/xSu : and it would seem also that Cyrus first reached the 
Euphrates at Thapsacus, because the width of the river is first mentioned 

at that place. rerTapuv CToSiuv is pronounced by Kiepert to be a 

mistake either of the pen or of the memory for TCTTapcav irXsQpwv. 

cpKelro : cf. note on oIkovjj.4vt)v 1, 4, 1. Qdtyatcos : the name is derived 

from a Syriac word, signifying ford, or ferry. The ruins of the ancient 
city are near a ford of the Euphrates, a little above the present city Rakka, 

called in the Macedonian period Nicephorium. bvo/xaTi : the accus. 

uvo/xa is a more common construction. Cf. 1, 2, 23. fiaaiXea : cf. 

note on fiaaiXevs 1, 1, 5. ava-rreldeiv differs from ireidziv, in implying 

that a previous opinion must first be refuted, or a previous determination 
checked, and then some other opinion or determination made to take its 
place. Tret Qeiv means simply to persuade, apaireiOeiv, to bring ovei by per- 
suasion. 

§ 12. avrovs . . . Kpinrreiv : that they, knowing these things long before, 
concealed them. Contrary to the usual construction of the verba declarandi, 
<p7)/j.i almost always takes the accus. and infin. instead of on or ws with a 

finite mood. ovk ecpa&av : cf. note 1, 3, 1. lav . . . 8i8<2, instead 

of et . . . SiSoiTj. Cf. note on this same expression 1, 3, 14. lav '/.eft, 

unless. ■ t\s, some one. The reference is of course to Cyrus. 

uairep ical, sc. ravra idodrj, as also was given etc. For the allusion, see 1, 
1, 2. Kal ravra, and., that too. ravra may be explained here by under- 
standing 45667], although the phrase k<x\ tuvto. often has the force of a 

conjunction. See Gr. § 312, Kern. 8. Iovtwv, sc. avTav, gen. abs. 

The dat. lovaiv agreeing with rols irpoT. might have been expected. Cf. 
irpo'iGVTM 1, 2, 17. and 4y6 VT(av 3? 1 5 40. 

§ 13. Suaeiv. The fut. infin. is the usual construction after verbs of 
hoping and promising ; yet see Travaaa^ai 1, 2, 2. fiovXevo-aardcu 2, 3, 20. 



BOOK I. CHAP. IV. 24.9 

— fivas. For an account of the Grecian money, see Die. Antiqq. art 

nummus. '^kohti and KaTao-Ti'-jo-n '• c ^ note ° n **v . • . 8i5&P 1, 3, 14. 

Th tto\u tov 'EWrjyucov : lit. the much of the Grecian force, i. e. in an 

Eng. idiom, the greater part of etc. in distinction from Menon and Lis army. 
■jroXv without t6 would mean much, a considerable part, but not the greater 

part. irplv S?]\oy elvcu, before it was plain. See Gr. § 337, 9, (c). 

rl iroirio-Qvcriv. The form of a direct question, for liveliness of narration, 
instead of o, rt iroi-qo-eiav : and since it is directly dependent on this clause 
tyovTcu also has the form of the oratio recta. In translating we should 
more naturally employ the oratio obliqua, — what the other soldiers would do, 
whether they would follow etc. 

§ 14. TrpoTi/.irio-eade : mid. in form, but pass, in meaning, — you shall be 
honored before the other etc. irXeov though pleonastic, imparts additional 

force to irpo- in composition. vf.ias xp?l vaL Stafirjvat, that it is expedient 

for you to cross, v/xas is the subj. of b~iafi?ivai, xprivai * s Uppers, and de- 
pendent on (p-n/xl. aivoKpivovvTai. For the formation of the fut. in 

liquid verbs, see Gr. § 149. 

§ 15. v)j/ . . . \p7](piac»yTai : lit. for if they shall have voled. au with the 
subjunct. aor. is a dependent fut. perf. Gr. § 255, Rem. 9. We should 

commonly say simply, for if they vote. atrial : an adject, qualifying 

vfxe?s : you will seem to be a cause, i. e. of their voting to follow. dp- 

£avres : the particip. denotes here most prominently the notion of cause, 
while the other ideas of time and of condition are also involved. We may 

render it, because you began etc. Cf. note on 'iyovra. § 5 above. X"-P li/ 

eiSevai and airodiSoi/cu : in Latin gratiam liabere and referre : to be grateful 
and to repay a favor, or to return thanks. etaerai is fut. of olSa. See Gr. 

§ 195. ej ris Kal dh\os : cf. 1, 3, 15. airoi\n]<pio~wvTai, sc. eireadai. 

O.TTO-, away, from, has a privative or negative sense. fyuV . . . els : 

but you as if alone yielding he icill employ (as) most faithful both for etc. 

Kal aWov . . . Kvpov : and any other thing, whatever you shall need, J know 
that you will obtain from Cyrus as a friend. Two methods of explaining the 
construction of dXXov are proposed. It may depend as gen. on rev^ecrOe, 
since rvyx&vew can take two genitives (cf. 5, 7, 33), or it may be instead 
of dWo by inverted attraction (in which the antecedent is attracted to the 
case of the relative). Gr. § 332, Rem. 11. 

§ 16. SiafiefirjKoras, sc. avrovs : that they had crossed over ; accus. and 

particip. after a verbum sentiendi. elirev : cf. note on e\tye 1, 3, 8. 

ij5rj . . . iiraivu : for the present I applaud you ; or, for the present I thank 

you. Cf. iiraiva) 7, 7, 52. iiraiveaere : the fut. act. of iiraivea) is much 

less frequent than the fut. mid. ■})... yo/xi^ere : or no longer think me 

(to be) Cyrus. His generosity was well known. 

§ 17. oi arpariurai : the soldiers, i. e. those of Menon. MeVww : 

11* 



250 NOTES. 

to Menon, or for Menon : dat. commodi, limiting irefxtycu, but not as a verb 
of motion. To denote the person or place wbere tbe motion ends, after a 
verb expressing or implying motion, a preposition with tbe accus. is used. 
In § 16 t<5 (rrparev/j.aTL limits elirev, not ire/xipas. Tbe same principle is 

also familiar in Latin. ical ruy . . . ovdds : and no one of those who 

were crossing the river etc. Kriig. and Matt omit rG>v and understand av- 
tooj/, — and no one of them while crossing etc. Hert. retains t&v and also 
understands avrwy, which seems inadmissible. Tbe first interpretation 
presents no real difficulty. 

§ 18. diafiarhs . . . ireCv : P a ssable on foot, fordable. For tbe meaning 

of the verbals in -t6s, see Gr. § 234, 1, (i). el jxi\ : except ; used after 

negations. Cf. 1, 5, 6 ; 2, 1, 12 ; 4, 7, 5. aWa. : but only ; cf. 3, 2, 

13. In this clause understand* 'SiafiaTos : but (that it was passable only) 
with boats. — — 8ia/3?r : another instance added to several that we have 
already noticed, in which the subjunct. stands instead of the optat. in a 
■clause dependent on a past tense of the indie. See Gr. § 327 a . 1, and 2. 

tov Tvoraixov is tbe subject of vnoxcopvo-aL and both together depend 

on idoizei, — that the river manifestly receded before Cyrus as if etc. The 
statement of the Thapsacenes is considered by Grote as " a mere piece 
of flattery to Cyrus." For other similar instances of oriental flattery, see 
Grote ch. 69, and note on this passage. 

§ 19. ~2,vpias. This name, as also Aram in the Old Test., was given 
to the land both east and west of the Euphrates. It was not till the 
Roman period that tbe name was limited to tbe country between the Eu- 
phrates and the Mediterranean ; for it was not till after the Macedonian 
conquest that the name MeaoTrorafita became generally applied to the land 

between tbe Tigris and Euphrates. 'Apdfys. This name, signifying 

" water-flowing," was applied to several rivers in tbe Aramaean country. 
Here it is applied to the only tributary of the lower Euphrates, which in 
all other ancient writings is called Chabor (Xafiwpas or 'Afioppas). The 
Arabs now call it Chabur. In tbe Roman period, the important frontier 
fortress Circesium stood here. 



CHAP. V. 

March on tbe left bank of the Euphrates to a point opposite Charmande. 
Sufferings of the army in the desert ;— dangerous quarrel of Clearchus 
and Menon, in which the Greeks generally become involved ; — settled 
by the expostulation of Cyrus. 

§ 1, 'Apafilas. This is an ethnographic name given to tbe southern 
part of Mesopotamia, because this region, owing in part to the depth of tbe 
channel of the Euphrates, was nearly destitute of water and of vegetation ; 



BOOK I. CHAP. V. 251 

and consequently was inhabited only by roving tribes of Arabs, as is also 

the case at the present day. ip-fi/iovs, in a desert country. airav is 

sometimes explained as qualifying 6ixa\6v ; but in 4, 4, 1, it is used in the 
same sense as here and is necessarily an adject. So here it is more natural 
to consider it an adject, qualifying irediov. In that region the earth was alto- 
gether a plain level as a sea. Cf. Thucyd. 6, 21. Herod. 1, 52. d ns 

and et ri may often be best rendered whoever, whatever. So here : — and 

whatever else also there ivas in (this region) of brush or reed etc. airavra 

refers to tf ri as collective in meaning. Cf. avrovs 1, 4, 8. r t aav 

agrees with a neuter plur. See Gr. § 241. Rem. 5. (b). Cf. 1, 2, 23. 

iu?iv : sc. rovrco rep r6ircf. 

§ 2. foipia iravrola, sc. iurjy. 5iw/coi and TrArjcid^oiev. The optat. 

is not unfrequently as here used in an iterative sense. Gr. § 327 b , 2. 



Trpodpafj.6urss, from irporp^xco. karacav : syncopated pluperf. 3d pers. 

plur.; used in the sense of the imperf. Gr. § 193. iro\v : an adv. 

qualifying barrou, much swifter. ravrbv iiroiovy, they did the same 

thing. For the form ra.hr 6v instead of rb ahrS, see Gr. § 92, Rem. 2. 

Xafiiiv, sc. avrovs. dia- in composition with crdvres signifies apart, 

at intervals. • Siadsx^aevoi r0 ? s 'i nir ois : relieving (one another) with 

their horses. ro?s i\a<peiois, sc. Kpiaaiv, the flesh of stags, venison. 

§ 3. 7roAu yap . . . (pevyovo'a : for in fleeing it distanced (the horsemen^ 
by far. One would expect (pevywv instead of (pevyovo'a, as in the phrase 
arpovQol ol fxeyaAoi just above, arpov06s is masculine ; but the gender of this 

word in other writers also fluctuates as here. ro?s p.sv trocrl . . . ra?s 

8e Trrepvfrv depend on -^pwixivt], — vsing the feet in running and the wings (by 
raising them vp) just like a sail. With aXpovaa understand toss irrepvyas. 
aviarrrj being in the present tense denotes the continuance or repeti- 
tion of the action, — if one start them vp quickly and repeatedly. e<rn, it 

is possible. For this accentuation, see Gr. § 35, 1. i\v : cf. note on r\v 

1, 4, 6. 

§ 4. ■nXzQpiaiov. In this entire distance of five days' march only short, 
narrow, and except in the rainy season dry ravines are found ; so that the 
language of Xen. is applicable only to a canal which is filled from the 
Euphrates, and is situated at about this distance from Chabor. Together 
with the river it forms the large island "Werdi, and on this Corsote must 

have stood. irepieppdro kvkKco must not be taken in too stx*ict a sense. 

In 4, 7, 2. and in 7, 1, 14. kvkAco cannot mean entirely round : and Iso- 
crates says of the Nile kvkXm avri]v (Egypt) Trepiex^y- For the imperf. 
here, cf. note on rju 1, 4, 6. Maovca : see Gr. § 44, Rem. 2. 

§ 5. YluXas. This was not a mountain pass like the Hv\ai tv}s KiAi- 
kioj Kal rrjs ^vpias (1, 4, 4.), but rather a gentle descent from the high 
desert region which they had just traversed to the well watered and fruitful 



252 NOTES. 

lowlands of Babylonia. Very likely also at this point a fortress may hava 

been established, marking the boundary between two satrapies. ovSh 

dXXo ovdev Sevopov : nor any thing else even a tree. — — of evoiKovvres, sc 

ravrrj tij x^P c ovovs aXeras. The latter noun, grammatically in 

apposition with the former, is added to give it the specific meaning mill- 
stone. According to the grammarians, uvos denoted the upper and fivXos 
the lower mill-stone. It is also suggested that the upper mill-stone may 
have been called ovos from the fact that the ass was very commonly em- 
ployed in turning it. tfyov, sc. uvpvs oAeVas. /cat . . . e(av, and 

subsisted by purchasing com in return ; sc. rwv ovow olXstwi/ ; efay : imperf. 
of (da. 

§ 6. irpiao~8cu : used only in the aor. ; referred to wveojxai as a present. 

eV tj} Avdia ayopa. We learn from Herod. 1, 155, and 157. that the 

elder Cyrus, after the conquest of Lydia forbade the use of arms to the 

inhabitants, and that henceforth they devoted their attention to trade. 

iv tgJ . . . fiapfiapiKcS : to fiapfiapiKov, the barbarian (army), is used like 
to 'EXXt]vik6u 1, 4, 13. tV Kairl97]v : in apposition with gItov under- 
stood, the object of TrpiacQai. TtTT&poov GiyXwv : gen. of price. Gr. 

§ 275, 3. It will be perceived that aiyAos is the Greek form of the word 

shekel which occurs so often in the Old Testament. bfioXovs : object 

of SvvaTau Gr. § 279, 6. 'Attlkovs agrees with the principal word 

bpoXovs, although the more remote. The 6fiox6s was one-sixth of a 
dpax/J-rj, which was about one-sixth of an American dollar in value. How 
high the price here mentioned was, may be seen by a comparison with tbe 
prices at Athens. In the time of Socrates, four choenixes of peeled barley 
were worth one obolus. Boeckh, Staatshaush. d. Atb. 1. 102. By com- 
putation it will be seen that the price of corn in the army of Cyrus at this 

time compared with the price at Athens was as sixty to one. With 

iadiovTes SieyiyvovTO compare Xeycav dirjye 1, 2, 11 ; SieTeXovv p^paytevoi 
3, 4, 17. 

§ 7. i)v ovs, some. So also we find Zgtiv or fy uv for the gen. ; Zgtiv 
or t)v oh for the dat. In all these expressions the verb has merely the 
force of a prefix ; and the two words together equal, in the gen. ivlay, in 
the dat. iuiois, in the accus. eviovs. See Gr. § 331, Rem. 4 ; i)v oils there- 
fore taken together depend on i)Xawev as accus. of cognate meaning. Lit. 
some of these stages he marched very long ; i. e. some of these stages which he 
accomplished were very long. fiovXoiTO, another example of the itera- 
tive optative. Cf. didbnoi, irX7}Gid£oiev, 1, 5, 2. SiaTeXeaai, sc. ttjv 

656v. In 4, 5, 11. we find the expression SiaTsXeacu iv tPj 68c?. KaX 

$7} is often used to introduce that which is specially emphatic. And what 

was worthy of special notice, on a certain occasion when etc. crewx capias, 

gen. abs. The case absolute in Greek as in Latin is best translated by 



BOOK I. CHAP. V. 25 



o 



one of the words, when, because, or if; according as the notion of time^ 
cause, or condition is most prominent. For the gender and number of 

(pavivros see Gr. § 242. 1. (b). too /3. o-rparov, depends on Aa/3cWas, 

the gen. denoting of, a part of Gr. § 273, 3. 

§ 8. (rvveiricrirevaai (comp. crvv, iiri, aircvSu) ; cvv, with, often denotes 

assistance (cf. o-vveKfiifid^eiv sup.), to assist in hastening on the wagons. 

i\v, impers., it teas possible. ndv8vs, see Die. Antiqq. art. Candys. 

eruxej/ t(TT7j/cws, happened to be standing. Cf. irapuv iTvyx au€ > '* !• 2 J 
kernKus, perf. in form, always pres. in meaning. irepl vin-ns, for vic- 
tory, in allusion to the Grecian games. nal [xaXa, even very, qualifying 

nrpavovs. ava^vpidas, see Die. Antiqq. art. Bracae. ivioi 5e /ecu, 

but some also, sc. ejxwTes. crvu tovtois, with these, i. e. the costly tunics 

and embroidered trowsers. The Persians had adopted th& rich and ex- 
pensive dress of the Medes. ^uttou v) els, lit. sooner than as ; i. e. sooner 

than, the Eng. idiom not allowing us to translate us, unless by an awk- 
ward transposition of the words, thus, in a icay sooner than, etc. rls av 

cpeTO, one would suppose, crederes. /xereupovs, raised aloft ; qualifies 

"•as a/xd^as. 

§ 9. rb avjxTcav, lit. as to the whole, i. e. in general. us after drj\6s 

ecrrt (or ?iv) is unusual. Cf. drj\os %v aviu/xevos 1, 2, 11. and the note on 

that passage. oirov /xt), lit. where not, i. e. (in an Eng. idiom) except 

where he halted etc. bau jx\v ... tocovtu, quanto . . . tanto, lit. by how 

much . . . by so much, i. e. (in the Eng. idiom) the more . . . the more. 

&v with e\6oi, being in a dependent clause is contrary to the general rule, 

Gr. § 260, (4), (a) : it suggests the condition et eA0ot. /xaxe7adai, fut. 

infin., dependent on vo/xi(uu. axo^ai6repov, sc. ekOoi. awidtlv is 

explained as synonymous with &77A77. And to the person directing his atten- 
tion towards it, the king's government was also (lit.) to discover being strong^ 

i. e. was manifestly strong etc. ■ nal rep 5ieairdo~6cu t. $., and in the fact 

that the forces were wide apart. aadevris qualifies apxw. 8ta ra- 

%eW, adverbial, quickly. iiroielTO. The mood, but not the tense 

(Troielrat) of direct narration is here retained. This sentence gives a brief 
but striking description of the character of the Persian empire. 

§ 10. irepav, on the other side of, i. e. on the west bank of the river ; 

the army having crossed over to the eastern side at Thapsacus. dia- 

fiaivovTes, sc. rbv Trorafx6i/. dicpBepas. Tanned sheep-skins, inflated 

and sewed together, are still used very commonly by the Kourds and 

Arabs in crossing the Tigris and Euphrates. iiri/xir\aaau from irt/x- 

tt\t)[xi. avviairuu (from avairdu), tftey sewed them together. rb 

vdup, subject of awTeaOat, so that the water shoidd not touch etc. us before 
the infin. instead of wotc is frequent in Xen. ; e. g. 1, 8, 10 ; 2, 3, 10 ; 
2, 6, 9 ; for the negative p'n instead of ob, see Gr. § 318. 3. (f). 



254 NOTES. 

T'Tjs before airb rov (polviKos connects this phrase as an adjective to fia\d' 
vov. As the Greeks were not familiar with the fruit of the palm tree (the 
date), they had no one word by which to express the idea ; hence the 
circumlocution, rj fidXavos 7] airb rod (polviKos, the fruit of the palm tree. 
Palm wine and the date are described more particularly 2, 3, 15 and 16. 
■ tovto refers indefinitely, without regard to gender, .to /xe\iv7}s con- 
sidered simply as a thing. 

§11. atA<pi\e£avTo>v ri (=== Trept twos), disputing about something. 

rav Te . . . koX ru>v rod KXedpxov, both the soldiers of Menon and those of 

Clearchus ; gen. ahs. with aficpiXe^dj/roov. rbv rov Mevavos, sc. crpa- 

ridorrjy. It seems that the quarrel had originated between two single men 
belonging to these generals respectively, and that their other soldiers had 

by degrees been drawn into it. irKiqyas eVejSccAev, sc. avrcS, inflicted 

blows (on him). eAeyey, related (the affair). 

§ 12. rots Trepl avrSu, lit. those around him, i. e. his attendants. 

|j/cez/, imperf. in form, but aorist or pluperf. in meaning. Cf. note 1, 2, 6. 

If rendered as an imperf. here it would plainly contradict irpoo~^\avve. 

'irjcri rfj a|iV?? : Suidas supposes an ellipsis of rbv KA.eap%oy after 'i7]0-i, and 
this suggestion has been generally followed ; but it is somewhat doubtful. 
An ellipsis of the gen. would seem more natural. Cf. Soph. Aj. 15i. rwu 
■tyvx&v ieis. It" is perhaps still better to consider the verb as intrans. Cf. 
L. & S. sub voce, rj) a£lvrj, dat. of instrument. Lit. he throws with his 
axe ; in the Eng. idiom, he throws his axe. — — — ovros the same as rls 

above, avrov, i. e. Clearchus. For the government, see Gr. § 271, 2. 

aXXos, sc. 'i7)o~i. 

§ 13. irapayyeAAei els ra '6ir\a, sc. Uvai. The elliptical expression 

corresponds to the idea of haste here involved. ras acririSas irpbs ra 

y6vara frevras, placing their shields upon their knees ; thus signifying that 

they were ready for an attack. rovrasv, i. e. the horsemen, ol ttK^l- 

<tto£, sc. l\o~av. robs Mevoovos. Cf. ol itcelvov, 1, 2, 15. e/c7re- 

7rA7)X<?c« (from eK7rA7}TTOj), were terrified. ol Se nai, others also ; ol Se 

being used here as though ol [xh had gone before. %orra<rav, see Gr. 

§193. 

§ 14. rd^is /c.r.A., a division of the heavy-armed men foil oioing him, sc. 
erux e Trpoaiovo-a. The rd^is, according to 6, 5, 11., consisted of 200 men. 
— — olv indicates that the sentence, which had been broken off by the 
parenthetical clause cti/x 6 yap, K.r.A., is here resumed. So in Latin 

io-itur. Cf. 6, 6, 15. a/xcpoTepcov, of both parties, i. e. Clearchus and 

Menon with their respective forces ; dependent on rb ixiaov used substan- 
tively. edero ra oir\a. For the three meanings of &4a6ai ra oirXa, 

see L. & S. sub ridri/jLi IX. Here it means, he halted ; while his soldiers 
laid their shields down before them and stuck their spears in the ground. 



BOOK L CHAF. VI. 255 

avTOv . . . KaraXevaQriva, when he (i. e. Clearchus) wanted little of being 

stoned to death. rrpaws Aeyoi, (sc. Mevwv,) he spoke lightly etc. 

aiirov refers back to the leading subject of the sentence 6 Se, i. e. 
KAeapxos. 

§ lo. eV tovtco, sc. tw xpSvw. to 7raA.Tcc. The article is used 

because it is assumed as a fact well known that the iraKra. belonged to his 
ordinary armor. o~vv ro?s irapovai ru>v tzio~twv, with those who were pre- 
sent of his most faithful attendants ; implying perhaps that part of them had 
not yet come up, being still on the march. 

§ 16. ol aAAot, in apposition with v/xe7s understood. Observe that tbe 
nom. is here connected by Kal to the voc. Examples of this kind, when 

cv, or v/xe?s is understood, are frequent. KaTaKeK6ipeo~6at : fut. peri'., 

with pass, meaning. As it expresses the notion of finished action, the 
future event is conceived of as already having taken place ; hence, as cer- 
tain. ovtoi . . . fidpfiapoi. A common noun with a demonstrative 

pronoun requires also the article before it. See Gr. § 216. 3. In this 
clause o'i/s Spare expresses emphatically the idea of the article, and hence 

stands instead of it. TroXe/xiurepoi, more hostile ; perhaps (as Hertlcin 

suggests), from envy because Cyrus had shown a preference for the Greeks. 
tS>v rifxeTtpow, our affairs ; gen. abs. with ex^vro^v • compare with kcikws 
ixdvTcov {being in a bad condition) evvo'CKus ex 0Lej/ 1, 1, 5. 

§ 17. ev eavTw iyevero : lit. became in himself which is very similar 
to the English expression by which this is to be rendered, came to himself 
ev with the dat. as distinguished from els with the accus. after a verb ex- 
pressing or implying motion denotes the idea of remaining in. This is 

inferred from the notion of rest belonging to the dat. Kara x&? av i ^ n 

their respective places ; Kara, with the accus. often denoting the idea of dis- 
tribution. eQevro ret, oir\a, laid aside their arms, encamped. Not used 

in precisely the same sense as above, § 14. Cf. note on that passage. 



CHAP. VI. 

Trial and condemnation of Orontes for conspiracy against Cyrus. 

§ 1. 'Evrevdev, cf. 1, 5, 5 and 10. Trpo'i6vTO)v, while they were ad- 
vancing ; gen. abs. sc. abrwv. ouroi, i. e. oi linre'is implied in the fore- 
going. et Tt, cf. el Se ri Kal &\Xo, 1, 5, 1. yevei, by birth. In 

5, 2, 29, the same idea is expressed by to yevos, accus. synec. to. 

ivoXejxia limits more definitely the meaning of Key6jxevos. Gr. § 279, 7. 

■ Kal irp6crQev Tro\e/.iT}o-as, having even before been at war, i. e. with Cy- 
rus. KaraXAayels Se, Hertlein and Kruger following Reiske punc- 



256 NOTES. 

tuate thus. With KaraXXayeis, cf. avvaXXayevTi 1, 2, 1, and KaraXvffai 
1, 1, 10. 

§ 2. tous iTnreas, the ohject of KaraK&voi ; &i/ is expressed with this 
verb, because it would be required if the sentence were changed into the 
oratio recta. See Gr. § 345, 4 ; it is to be understood with the optatives 
which follow in this sentence ; for, according to the principle laid down 
by Kri'ig. Spr. 69, 7, 4., when two or more verbs follow each other in the 
same grammatical construction, if av is expressed with the first, it may be 

omitted with the rest, but must be supplied mentally. KwXvaeie . . . 

iiriouras, icould restrain (them) in advancing from burning etc. The object 
of icaieiv is to be gathered from the first section, where it is expressed. 

For the government, see Gr. § 271, 2. iroiricreiey were ; iroieiv is 

usually followed by the infin. alone. The intended result is expressed 
here more emphatically by using wore. ioouTas . . . diayye7Xai, hav- 
ing seen the army of Cyrus to convey the tidings to the king. dia-, in comp. 
with ayye?Xai, signifying through, has reference to the intervening space. 
Cf. in Latin internuntium esse. See also SiayyeXOy, 2, 3, 7. 

§ 3. on, to the effect that, introduces the substance of the letter ex- 
pressed in the oratio obliqua. £>s \xv 8. irXeitfTOvs, as many as possible. 

Svynrai, subjunct. instead of optat. which the general rule would require. 

Gr. § 327 a , 1 and 2. e/ceAeuey, sc. tov fiaaiXea ; cppd<rai dependent on 

e/ceAeuej/ and U7ro5e%ecr0at on cppdaai. avrou, him, i. e. Orontes. 

§ 4. avayvovs, having read ; from avayiyvu>o~KO). kirrd belongs to 

tovs aplcrrovs. &ea6ai tr SrrAa : cf. note on 5, 14. 

§ 5. os ye. Since he especially. The relative here is causal, and 

the particle ye makes it emphatic. to7s &AA(us, to the others ; i. e. 

both Greeks and Persians ; all the others in distinction from Clearchus. 

TvpoTLjxr]67]vai p.dXio~Ta ; cf. 1, 4, 14. tcov 'EXXtjvoiv limits os. 

ttjv Kpiaiv u>s iyevero, lit. the trial how it took place, i. e. hoio the trial was 

conducted; another instance of prolepsis or anticipation, cf. 1, 1, 5. 

ov . . . airSppVTOV, not forbidden to be spoken of, i. e. not to be kept secret ; 
airopp-qTov qualifies rj Kplais, but refers to it indefinitely only as a thing ; 

cf. tovto, 1, 5, 10. upxeiv tov Xoyov, began the conversation, (in this 

case, the trial) ; upx^ Xoyov, I begin a conversation (in which others are to 
participate) ; &pxojJ.ai x6yov, I begin an address (which I myself am to con- 
tinue). Cf. 3, 2, 7. 

§ 6. avdpes (piXoi ; cf. 6.vb*. ctt par loot at, 1, 3, 9 ; uvSpes was the com- 
mon mode of respectful address. "We have no one word so generally used. 

irpSs c. gen. ; a common form of asseveration, more solemn than vi\ 

or ixd with the accus. irpos Sreoov, in the presence of the gods, in the view 

of the gods. rovrovi. For the demonstrative i at the end of tovtov, 

see Gr. § 95, (e). For the omission of the article, see Gr. § 246, Rem. 1. 



BOOK I. CHAP. VI. 257 

(b). avrSs, always intensive in the nom. and in the oblique cases 

when in apposition with another pronoun or with a noun. iiroi-naa 

k.t.A., lit. / effected that it seemed good to him to cease etc. oe^idv, 

right-hand, given in token of a solemn promise ; hence by meton. promise, 
pledge. 

§ 7. fxera ravra ; Cyrus here turns directly to Orontes. aireKpi- 

va.ro on ov, he replied, " no ; " on is often used as the sign of a direct 

quotation, where we use only quotation marks ; ov = ovk eanv. 

avr6s, see note § 6 sup. ovSev, in nothing, accus. synec. ; more em- 
phatic than the simple negative ovk. anoaras els, an abbreviated, 

but common form of expression for airoaras Kal aireKQwv els. The 

Mysians like the Pisidians inhabited a mountainous country and main- 
tained their independence against the Persians. Cf. 3, 2, 23 and 24. 

o, n edvvco, sc. nanus iroLeiv, in whatever you were able (to do injury). 

etyt) = u/xo\6yei, Orontes said, yes. r)]V . . . Svva/juv, your own power 

(i. e. as the connection implies), how insufficient it was. r?]s 'Apre- 

/xidos ; probably the Ephesian Artemis (Diana), a divinity quite distinct 
from the Grecian Artemis, and especially worshiped among the Persians, 
(Diodor. 5, 77.) 

§ 8. (pavepos, manifest ; more conveniently translated as an adv. open- 
ly (plotting against me). Cf. note on Sr/Aos r\v, 1, 2, 11. on before 

ovoev, and ovo\ sign of a direct quotation and consequently not to be 

translated. Cf. note on on § 7. ovSe? aSiK-nQeis, sc. eirilBovXevcov aoi 

(pavepbs yeyova. ? H yap, yes for ; ^H. is in sense equivalent here to 

6fj.oAoyu>, I acknowledge (it) ; hence the force of yap. avayKt], sc. iari. 

"With avayKt], we often find iari omitted. yevoip-nv, se. (piXos croi Kal 

iriarSs. Who has not seen the character of Orontes reproduced, on a 

smaller scale, in what we call " a spoiled chiid ? " 

§ 9. air6(p7]vai (from airocpaivca) yvufx-nv, express an opinion ; bans and 
o, n in an indirect question instead of ris, ri. rdbe, as follows. Ob- 
serve the distinction here made between rdde and ravra. With ravra, 
compare roiavra, roaavra, and ovrus ; with rdSe, compare roidde, ro- 

adBe, and w5e. See Gr. § 303. rovrov (pv\drrea6ai, to be on our 

guard against this man. Whereas cpv\drreiv nvd signifies to guard any one. 

For the force of the Mid. voice (<pv\drrea8ai), see Gr. § 250. rb . . . 

elvai, so far as relates to this man; accus. of limitation. Gr. § 279, 7; 
elvai has in such formulas, says Hertlein, a limiting sense like ye, at least. 

§ 10. ecprj : sc. KKeapxos : (as Clearchus afterwards) related. ttjs 

G&vqs, by the girdle, gen. of part. Gr. § 273, 3. (b). This is said to have 

been among the Persians a sign of condemnation to death. Kal oi avy., 

even his relatives. os Trpoaerdxdt], h**. they to ichom it was appointed 

led etc. Kriiger reads oi irpoaerdxdt], to the place where it was appointed (to 



258 NOTES. 

them to lead him). ■ ■ o'tirep, the vert/ persons who ; — wep is intensive 

the antecedent of o'iirep is the subject of ddov. iirl &&v<xtov, after a vert 

of motion, denoting direction towards ; iirl fravdrca denotes the object or 
end without the idea of motion. 

§ 11. oure . . . ovdels . . . no one ever beheld Orontes either etc. ; for the 

negatives, see Gr. § 318, 6. eldus, knowing, in opposition to the idea 

of elnafav, conjecturing. . . . aWoi &\Aas, some conjectured one thing ; 

some, another. It is suggested on the strength of a passage in Herod. (7. 
114.), that he may have been buried alive in the tent. 



CHAP. VII. 

March to the vicinity of Cunaxa. Review of the forces at midnight ; — 
Cyrus excites the enthusiasm of the Greeks by magnificent promises; — 
after passing a trench dug by the king, not expecting an immediate 
engagement, the army marches somewhat negligently. 

§ 1. fjieo-as vvKras is used in the plur. says Kruger, because reference 

is had to the several parts QpvXaKa'C) into which the night was divided. 

els r^v eV. kca, on the following morning ; cf. 2, 3, 25 ; 4, 1, 15. The 

notion of direction towards is contained in these expressions. gvv t§ 

o-TparevfiaTi ; cf. 1, 8, 1 ; o~uv is not commonly expressed with this idea. 
Here however perspicuity requires it ; for if the dat. stood without avv, it 
might be connected either with fiaxov^evov denoting the army of Cyrus ; 

or with ?)|eij/ denoting the army of the king. fxaxovfxeyov, fut. parti- 

cip. denoting purpose. nepas, for the government, -see Gr. § 275. 1. 

rod 5e|„ Kepus, and rod evcouifxov : the right and the left wing of the 

Greeks is meant ; cf. 1, 8, 4. The whole Grecian force constituted the 
right wing of the army of Cyrus ; this place having been assigned them 
as the. post of honor. It was also the post of danger in a Grecian army ; 
for in case they were outflanked, the right side, not being covered with 
the shield, was more exposed than the left would be. o.vt6s, he him- 
self, i. e. Cyrus. 

§ 2. riiAtpa, governed by a/xa used as a preposition. Gr. § 289, Rem. 
ttws, the direct interrogative, here used in an indirect question in- 
stead of oircos ; cf. ti instead of o,ti, 1, 4, 13. avrbs Trapyvei Sappvvcav 

TOLade, he himself, encouraging, advised (them) as follows, irapijvei from 
irapcuvea ', TOiaSe, such things as follow ; Toc6.de, so many things as follow ; 
raSe, the following things. Cf. also note on Ta5e, 1, 6, 9. 

§ 3. ovk apO. . . . ficcpfiapcov, not because I am in want of barbarian men 

etc. For the government of avQpuirwv, see Gr. § 273, 5. (b). a/xel- 

vovas Ka\ KpeijTovs, better and braver, a pleonasm employed for emphasis. 



BOOK I. CHAP. VII. 259 

... irpoaeXafiov, sc. v^as. oirus . . . dvdpes, see therefore that ye be 

men etc. Gr. § 330, 6. and Rem. 4. r\s instead of r,v by attraction. 

Gr. § 332. G. virep tjs, for which, is thought to he the only instance 

of virep and the gen. instead of the gen. alone with evdai/iovifa. durl 

oiv e%w irdvrcav, in preference to all that I have. The antecedent irdvTwv 
is here drawn into the relative clause, instead of aurl irdfrcov a ex«. Cf. 
h e?X6 crrpaTev/xa 1, 2, 1. 

§ 4. The learner will distinguish between eldrjre (from oTSa) and IdrjTe 

(from eldou). yap, epexegetic ; see L. & S. under yap, II. to 

ir\rj9os, sc. ierrl. avdo-xvcQ* '•> f° r tne force of the aor. subjunct. with 

&v, see note 1, 4, 15. ra. dWa . . . o'iovs, in respect to the other things, 

I seem to myself to be even ashamed (considering) what sort of etc. It is 
usual to explain the construction of o'iovs by supposing an ellipsis of Aoyi- 
£6jxevos or ivOv/xov/xevos. Would it not be simpler and more natural to 
supply mentally the antecedent of o'iovs, namely tolovtols avOpdjirots, or 
viv\p TOLoxiToiv avdpctnrwy (for this construction see Plat. Crito 45. e.) ? 
Thus : / seem to myself to be even ashamed on account of (or, in behalf o/") 

such men as you shall know those icho are in our country (to be). r,fuv is 

the ethical dot. ; i. e. the dat. of the person who experiences joy or sorrow 

in view of the fact which is stated. Gr. § 284, (10). (d.) dvfip&v. 

Observe how marked a distinction is made between this word and dvdpw- 

irovs in the last sentence. rots oltcoi £t]\oi)t6v, an object of envy to those 

at home. ra Trap' ifxol K.r.X., to choose the things with me in preference 

to those at home. rS>v o'ikoi from the nom. ret o'iicoi ; ro7s o'lkoi (just above) 
is masc. from the nom. ol oXkoi. 

§ 5. KaX ijJi\v. In a similar connection in English, one would say, yes, 

but ; certainly, but ; see koX \x''f\v in L. & S., in the alphabetic order. 

8ia rb eV TOiovTcp k.t.A., lit. on account of being at such a point of danger 
approaching ; i. e. on account of being on the eve of danger so imminent; 

KivZvvov limits toiovtm. av . . . ti, but if any thing shall have happened 

fortunately. r\ refers indefinitely to the undertaking of Cyrus. H-£/-<-- 

vr\o-Qai, perf. in form but pres. in meaning ; cf. Lat. memini. Here the 
pres. is used instead of the fut. to denote the certainty of the future action. 

Cf. 7, 6, 38. evioi 5e, sc. Keyovaiv. fj.eju.vwo, Gr. § 154, 8. 

fiovhoio, sc. aTrodovvai. 

§ 6. &AA<£ is often used by Xen. at the beginning of a speech made in 
reply to something going before. — — ecru . . . Trpbs . . . ^XP L '• a verD 
of rest with a construction implying motion : cf. elcriv 1, 2, 7 ; reaches 

southward to the region where etc. 5:a xeifiaiva, sc. ob Svvavrai ohieiv 

dvOpwiroi. tovtcov, these limits ; dependent on jxeau). Cf. 3, 4, 20. 

ra . . . irdvTa seems here to be the direct object of aarpairevovcnv ; but as 
this verb regularly governs the gen., perhaps irdvra should be considered 



260 NOTES. 

a remote object, accus. of limitation, and the verb should be understood at 
used absolutely. Cf. ra, navra 2, 1, 1. 

§ 7. In the idea of r t jj.e?s, Cyrus would very naturally include those 
whom he was addressing, as well as himself; but by rjfxas before Set he 
must mean himself alone. The plural instead of the singular both of the 
first and second persons is almost as common in Greek as in English ; and 
the changes from one number to the other are remarkably abrupt in Greek. 

Observe here the sudden change from ypias to 5e$oi/ca, ex u > 5w. rov- 

tcou, these domains (above mentioned). For the government of rovrwu by 

ijKpareTs, see Gr. § 275, 1. we're followed by the indie, denotes a 

consequence or result, as something actual, and if made negative takes 
ov ; followed by the infin., it denotes a consequence or result merely as a 

thing supposed, and if - made negative, takes ^idj. SedoiKa, /x^i, liko 

the Latin vereor ne. Gr. § 318, Rem. 6. — — kclL arityavov xpvo'oDy, a 
golden crown also ; i. e. in addition to all that had been promised before. 
A golden crown even among the republican Greeks was often given as a 
reward for distinguished services. 

§ 8. ol 5e ravra aKovcravres, and those who had heard these things ; not, 

and they having heard these things. ££ > 4} , yyeKhov i sc. ravra. o'L re 

arparrjyoi. These words seem to be an interpolation, inasmuch as the 
generals are mentioned in § 2, as being present with Cyrus ; and it would 
seem unnatural that they should repair to him again, after promises -so 

flattering. crcpio-iv distinguished from eauToIs, Gr. § 302, Rem. 3. 

6 Se . . . rr/v yvwixriv, and he, having satisfied the mind of all. In such a 

connection, the Greek could say either ri]v yuwfxrjy, or toss yvufxas. 

aTreirepL-Ke, sc. awavras. 

§ 9. (j.-}] fxax^o-dai, not to fight, i. e. not to engage personally in the bat- 
tle. kavroov : dependent on viritrdev. Gr. § 273, 3. (b). w5e irevs, 

somehow as follows. ijpero, referred to ipoordoo, as a pres. tense cor- 
responding in sense. O'lei, 2d pers. sing, of &io[xai ; always used by tbe 
Attic writers instead of o'lrj ; so also fiovAei and ityei from fiovXofiai and 

fyofiai. Gr. § 116, 11. ifibs Se adeX<p6s, being without the article, 

is indefinite : a brother of mine ; 6 iy-bs aSe\(p6s would mean my brother: 
Se in this clause stands without /xeu in the preceding clause ; so regularly, 
when two kindred qualities or designations are predicated of one person. 

Cf. cpvyas ~2.dj.uos, iriarbs Se Kvpw, 1, 7, 5. ravra, these things, i. e. 

this power, this kingdom. 

§ 10. aairis by meton. for those who carried the acrms , i. e. oirXTrai, 
heavy-armed men. By comparing the numbers here given with those in 
1, 2, 9 and 1, 4, 3, deducting the number lost 1, 2, 25., it will appear 
that the heavy-armed were considerably diminished and the targeteers 
increased. Some of the heavy-armed men may in the mean time have 



BOOK I. CHAP VII. 261 

been equipped as targeteers ; some from sickness, or other causes, may 
have been withdrawn. ra. efrco<rt, for the use of the article with nume- 
rals, see Gr. § 246, 9. 

§ 11. e/caTt»/ Kal etKocrt /xvpiddes : probably an exaggeration. Plut. 
Artax. 13. represents Ctesias (who was present with Artaxerxe3 as his 
physician), as saying that the number present in the battle amounted to 

only forty myriads. &\\ol 5e iiffau, and there were others ; or as we 

should say, and there were besides. Cf. akhoi 1, 8, 9. irpb avrov )3acri- 

Aews, in front of the king himself ; the article is wanting before /3acrtAews, 
because it has the force of a proper noun. Gr. § 244, 7. 

§ 12. Kal crrpar-nyoi Kal yyep-Sves. Kriiger following Weiske questions 
whether these words belong to the text ; yet they are retained by other 

editors. fivpiddwv e/cacrTOs, sc. dpyvv. rr\s /xdxvs, dependent on 

vo-rep-nae. Gr. § 275, 1. r]/j.epas ; the dat. would be more usual, 

cf. 1, 2, 25. Why Abrocamas, who is said (1, 4, 18.) to have been 

before Cyrus, was too late for the engagement does not appear from the 
narrative. It is not improbable that he intentionally loitered, till the con- 
test between the two candidates for the throne was decided. 

§ 13. ck c. gen. out of out from among ; irapd c. gen. from the side of 
from the presence of (in Attic prose with the name of a person) ; airS c. 

gen. from (in a general sense ; usually with the name of a thing). 

ra>v iroXe/xictiv (the second) dependent on the antecedent of o'i : those of the 

enemy who etc. ravrd, the same things ; observe how this word differs 

in form from ravra just above. 

§ 14. tw (XTpaTevfjLaTi, dat. of accompaniment. Gr. § 285, Rem. 2. 
Sometimes^ though less frequently, crvv is expressed with the dat. in this 

sense. Cf. 1, 7. 1. o/jukttj, artificial (in opposition to the idea that it 

was produced by any natural cause). The fact of his meeting with this 
ditch indicated to Cyrus that the forces of the king were near and pre- 
pared for battle. Hence the force of ydp after Kara. bpyviai. The 

more usual construction would be the gen. limiting rd(ppos ; cf. crraSiW 
1, 4, 11 ; Tr\46pov 1, 4, 9 and 1, 4, 4 ; also just below § 16, iroScov limit- 
ing TrdpoSos. Here bpyviai is grammatically in apposition with rdeppos. 
Cf. 3, 4, 7 ; 4, 3, 16. 

§ 15. iirl, denoting extension over. Gr. § 296. 111. (b). One might 

rather expect the accus. without a prep. here. M^XP* T0 " MrjSias 

reixovs, as far as to the wall ff Media. This was built by one of the last 
Babylonian kings (before Babylon fell into the hands of the Persians), as 
a defence to the open country against the Medes ; who after the fall of the 
Assyrian empire had possession of the upper Tigris. It extended entirely 
across from the Euphrates to the Tigris. It is still at the present day in 
some places from fifty to sixty feet wide, and from thirty to forty feet in 



262 NOTES. 

height. It is called by the Arabs, Sidd-Niinrud, i. e. Nimrod's wall The 
part nearest to the Euphrates was probably dilapidated in the time of Xen., 
and not seen from the line of march ; so that the distance, twelve para- 
sangs, was something which was merely reported to him ; the use of ^XP 1 
is at all events geographically inaccurate. * The sentence included in 
brackets is evidently an interpolation, as was first shown by Rennel. It 
is the gloss of some person who had an indistinct idea of the four great 
canals which lower down the river, flow from the Euphrates into the Tigris 
(not, as here stated, in the opposite direction) ; and who confounded these 
canals with the ditch mentioned by Xenophon. Such in substance is the 
note of Kiepert. On the other hand Grote in a note on chap. 70, remarks, 
" subsequent observations, recently made known by Colonel Rawlinson to 
the Geographical Society, have contradicted the views of Dr. Ross," (the 
same with those of Kiepert,) " and have shown that the wall of Media, in the 

line here assigned to it, has no evidence to rest upon." "As our 

knowledge now stands, there is not a single point mentioned by Xen. in 
Babylonia which can be positively verified except Babylon itself, — and 
Pylae, which is known pretty nearly as the spot where Babylonia proper 
commences." For a more full discussion of the subject, see Grote, ch. 70. 

« 8iaAei7rou(n . . . irapaadyy7}v, and are a parasang apart ; eKacrrr], in 

apposition with the subject of diaXeiirovai. 

§ 16. irdpoSos crTevfj. The completion of the ditch through this re- 
maining space of twenty feet, was doubtless postponed by the king till the 
last moment, in order that the trade on the N. E. bank of the river might 
not be stopped before necessity required. That it was not already com- 
pleted before the arrival cf the army indicates that Cyrus had surprised 

the king by his rapid march. ttoiu, historic pres. ; tbe Eng. idiom 

requires here the pluperf. Cf. 3, 4, 12. irpoffeKavvovra, particip. after 

a verbum sentiendi. Gr. § 310. 4. (a). 

§ 17. iraprjAOe ical iyevovro : observe the sudden change in number. 
Cf. iyevero nal i<rK7}vri<rav 4, 2, 22 ; ytypeaOai with local adverbs or pre- 
positions (eV, is, Kara, iirl, vTrep) is often translated to come. /xev, the 

correlative of Se § 20. virox^povvrcav agrees with 'iirircov ical au9pu>ircou. 

~ho-av, cf. 1, 2, 23. 

§ 18. rbv ''AixfSpaKi&T-qv, the Ambraciot. Ambracia was a city in Epi- 

rus ; it is now called Arta. bri . . . irp6repoy, because on the eleventh 

day before (reckoning back) from that day. on before fiacriAevs intro- 
duces the oratio recta. Cfi note on on 1, 6, 7. 5e/ccc y/xepaiv, within 

ten days. See Gr. § 273, 4. (b). e-n, after that, at all. ■ ov [tax^- 

rai. A conditional clause always requires the neg. yA\ ; hence Kriiger 
reads ei yJi] k.t.A., omitting ov before fiax^rai ; but the reading in the 
text seems to be genuine, — and ov fiax^Ta-h as a repetition of the words 



BOOK I. CHAP. VIII. 26 



o 



of the soothsayer, seems natural and forcible. We must understand ov, 
not as qualifying the whole conditional clause, but fiax^rai alone. See 

Gr. § 318, Rem. 1. iav 5' aX-qQevaris, conditional fut. perf. Cf. note 

1, 4, 15. — — at S. t\ix., the ten days, i. e. those above mentioned. 

§ 19. aireyv&K ivai rov /J.dx~, had abandoned the idea of fighting. For 
the government of rov fxax^crdai, see Gr. § 271. 2. 

§ 20. rb ttoAu, cf. note on 1, 4, 13. avrq>, Gr. § 284. (10). 

avaTeTapayfji.ej/oy, without military order ; from avarapaTTco. ro?s 

ffrpaTiwrais, dependent on tfyovro as dat. commodi. Gr. § 284, Rem. 4. 



CHAP. VIII. 

Battle of Cunaxa and death of Cyrus. 

§ 1. Kai ^Stj tc . . . Kal . . . And already not only . . . but . . . See 
Gr. § 321, 1. (a). afxcpl ayopav ttX^O. : about (the time of) full mar- 
ket ; i. e. from 10 A. M. to 12 M. 6 (TraOfiSs, here used in the strict 

sense, the station, the place where they were to halt. KaraXveiu, to put an 

end to (the march), to halt. Cf. 1, 10, 19. t&v ttio-twu, depends, as is 

often the case with the gen., directly on the proper name, without the 

expression of rls : cf. rwv a}xcpl k.t.A.., 1, 2, 3. ava Kpdros, at full 

speed, fxera Trdcrris enrovdrjs, Suid. ry 'Linrq, see Gr. § 285, Rem. 2. 

ifioa, from fiodoo. ore, here again not to be translated, since it is 

followed by the oratio recta. crvv tw aTparevfiari, cf. 1, 7, 1. ws 

els, as if for, apparently for. Cf. 1, 8, 23. 

§ 2. avTiica qualifies iiwrecre'io-dcu. idoKovv ol "EAAr]V€S Kal irdvres 

Se, the Greeks and also all imagined ; Se we translate and ; Kai, also. Cf. 

5e Kai, 1, 2, 2 and 7, and 8, and 9. Z-Kiirto-tio-Qai, sc. fiao-iXea, that the 

king would fall upon them etc. The battle, about to be described, was 

fought in the autumn of 401, B.C., not far from the village of Cunaxa 
(as we learn from Plut. Artax. 8.) ; and hence it is called in history the 
battle of Cunaxa. According to 2, 2, 6., this place was three hundred 
and sixty stadia (about fifty miles) from Babylon. Plutarch, however, 
in the passage above referred to, says it was five hundred stadia from 
Babylon. 

§ 3. Kvp6s re . . . ro7s re. These clauses are connected and made 

correlative by re. eWSu (from ivSvoS) put on. to. iraXrd, cf. note 

1, 5, 15. e|o7r\i£e(T0cu, to equip themselves fully. It appears from 1, 

7 V 20. that a portion of the heavy armor which was necessary for a full 

equipment had been laid on the wagons and beasts of burden. e«a- 

(Ttqv, subject of KadicraaQai. 



264 



NOTES. 




Cunaasctr 
PLAN" OF THE BATTLE OF CUNAXA. 



§ 4. to de£ia rov tceparos ^X (av i occupying the right (parts) of the wing. 
The whole Grecian force constituted the right wing of the arm y (see note 
on 1, 7, 1.) ; and of this wing Clearchus occupied the extreme right. See 

plan of the battle. e'x^itez/os-, being next. See L. & S., B. 2. Me- 

va>v 8e koX rh crrpdrevfia, and Menon and his army. 

§ 5. ets, to the number of. Gr. § 290, 2. (1.) (b.) irapd, near. Gr. 

§ 297, 111. (c.) iarricrav. For the difference between the 1st and 2d 

aor. of this verb, see Gr. § 173, Eem. 2. 

§ 6. Kdpos 8e Kal ol fmreis, sc. iart\aav, which is expressed above § 5. 
It is conjectured also that Kara, to p-iaov has been dropped from the text ; 
since we should expect that his position in the army would be mentioned 
here. Cf. § 22 below. avro'i, they themselves, i. e. the men in dis- 
tinction from their horses, which also had defensive armor (§ 7). 

yiX-flv, unarmed ; not absolutely bare, but without helmet. He had on a 
ridpa, according to Plutarch ; who in describing the death of Cyrus 

(Artax. 11.) says airoiriirrei 8e rrjs K€<pa\7js 7] rtdpa rod Kvpov. 

\eyerat, see Introduction § 6. 

§ 7. In the treatise on horsemanship (De re eq. 12, 8), Xen. says, it is 
necessary to equip the horse also with frontlet (Trpop^ruTrldioy), and breastplate 
QrrpocrTepvldiov), and cuisses (Trapa/j.7)pidia) ; for these at the same time serve 
as cuisses for the rider also. These last words explain the reason why 
the Trapa/u-ripiSia, which are mentioned in § 6, are not again mentioned in 

this section. fxaxaipas . . . 'EW-nviKas, Grecian swords. The /j.dx<upa 

was slightly curved and used for striking ; the i-'upos was straight and 
pointed, and was used like a dagger. 



BOOK I. CHAP. VIII. 265 

§ 8. Te . . . Kal. See note 1, 8, 1. XP^V • • • vffrepot/y sc. i<pdv7] t 

and in no considerable time afterxcards, it appeared etc. rls after p.eXavla 

and also after %aA«:cfo, denotes the indistinctness with which they were 

seen, owing to the distance. iirl iroXv, reaching afar off. iyyv- 

repov, like other adverbs of place, is often nsed with etvai or yiyvecxOai as 
an indeclinable adjective. Cf. irX-natou 1, 8, 1 ; and iyyvrepov 4, 7, 23. 

§ 9. \evKo6upaKes. Perhaps these white corselets were of linen. In 
the Cyr. 6, 4, 2., it is said of Abradatas the Assyrian, e/xeXXe tov Xivovv 

frcopaica, os iirix^pios i\v, ivSvecrdai. ix^P-evoi, °£ above (§ 4) e^^ite- 

vos. yeppocp6poi. The yeppou was a rectangular shield, of wicker 

frame and covered with leather. Alyinrrioi. As Egypt was not at 

that time nnder the dominion of Persia (2, 1, 14.), it is probable that the 
Egyptians here mentioned were the descendants of those who had received 

a residence in Asia from the elder Cyrus. See Cyr. 7, 1, 45. Kara 

Zdur), in separate nations ; this was the Persian custom. Herod. 7, 60 and 

100. eTopevero agrees with eQpos, which is> in apposition with iravres 

ovtoi. It cannot well be rendered literally into English. Cf. Ouroi uXXos 
&XXa Xeyei, 2, 1, 15. 

§ 10. ap/xara, sc. inopevero, winch had just before been expressed. 

SiaAe'nrovTa avxv6u 1 a considerable space apart. e/c tcov . . . airoTera- 

p.iva (from airoreivco), projecting out from etc. els irXayiov, in an oblique 

direction. Kal . . . fiXeiropTa, and (others') pointing (lit. looking) towards 

the ground. y\ 8e yvebfx-n "t\v, and the plan was. cos els . . . eXcovra, 

apparently to drive into etc. eXcovra, fut. act. particip. from eXavvco. The 
fut. ixderco instead of e'Aw is extremely rare except in later writers. (Gr. 
§ 158, 3.) 'eXcovra and Sia/ctfyoj/ra are in the accus. absol., with \a dpe- 
Trav7)<p6pa ap/xara understood. For the two principal forms of the accus. 
abs. see Gr. § 312, 5 and 6. 

§ 11. elirev, 1, 7, 4. ro?s "EXX-qai belongs in idea both with /caAe- 

o~as and irapeKeXevero-. AYhen two connected verbs take a common object, 
but require a different case, the object is expressed but once, and com- 
monly in the case which the nearest verb requires. Kriig. Sprachlehre 

§ 60, 5. criyfj cos avvcrrov, as silently as possible (not as L. & S. sub 

o.wo't6u render, as stilly etc.) ; criyfi, in silence, opposed to the idea of shout- 
ing and screaming (Kpavyrj) ; Tjcrvxy, quietly, opposed to the idea of noise 
of any kind. 

§ 12. t<£ KXedpxw i(36a iiyeiv, cried aloud to Clearchus to lead. i{Z6a, 
as frequently Xeyeiv and elireTv, contains the idea of KeXeveiv and hence 

takes the infin., cf. eXeye, 1, 3, 8. Kara, against, Gr. § 292. II. (1.) (a.) 

Tjfjuv, for the government, see Gr. § 284. (11.) Treir oi-nrai. The 

perf. expresses the certainty of the future action, by representing it as 
already completed. 

12 



266 NOTES. 

§ 13. to fiecoy. For the difference between fxi<ros before and jxe<xo% 
after the article, see Gr. § 245, Rem. 5 ; o-T?<pos, a body of men in close 
array ; dpccv k.t.A., beholding the central body in close array ; i. e. rovs 

e^aKiax^iovs lirirels, 1, 7, 11 and 1, 8, 24. axovav Kvpov, hearing from 

Cyrus ; for the different constructions of aicovco, see Gr. § 273, Rem. 19. 

e£oo ovra . . . jSacnAea, that the king was beyond the left wing ; for the 

accus. and particip. (instead of the accus. and infin.) after verba sentiendi, 

see Gr. § t 310, 4. tup iavrov, lit. of those of himself i. e. of his own 

forces. Cf. robs eavrov, 1, 2, 15. aAA 5 and the repetition of 6 K\eap~ 

Xos is occasioned by the insertion of the explanatory sentence rocrovroj/ yap 
k.t.A. Specs, nevertheless ; i. e. although Cyrus commanded it, never- 
theless Clearchus refused etc. avry jueAot, it would concern him, i. e. he 

would take care. ottcds naAus e%oz, that it should be well ; e^cn is impers. 

§ 14. oiiaXwsy in an even line, cf. iv Xffcp § 11 above. %ri iv rtp 

avT<£ [livov, still remaining in the same (place). e/c twv %ti irpoaiovTcov, 

of those still coming up, i. e. from the march. ov irdvv irpbs, not very 

close to, — the adv. here qualifying the preposition ; cf. us qualifying els 

§ 1 above. Karedearo . . . ajropX^tav, he took a view in each direction 

looking away etc. 

§ 15. "EevocpSov 'Adnvalos, Xenophon an Athenian is here mentioned for 
the first time in the Anabasis ; and, as always hereafter, in the 3d person. 
Cf. Introduction § 6. virehdaras (from vireAavvta), having rode up. • 



e 



siuarTjcras sc. top 'liriroi/, having halted. It appears from irapeAavvwv just 

above, that he was previously riding along. ra Upd, the omens from 

the entrails of the victims ; ra. arcpdyia the omens from the motions of the 
victims. The repetition of naAa is emphatic. With Upd and fftydyia un- 
derstand eXrj. ' 

§ 16. on is here again followed by the oratio recta. to cvvQ-qp-a^ 

the war-cry, as Kriiger interprets it ; or, as it is commonly understood, the 
watch-word. From what follows in this connection as well as from Cyr. 3, 
3, 58., it appears that the watchword (avvQt]p.a) was first communicated 
along the ranks to the extreme lines and then back again ; and that the 
paean (the battle-song) was then sung. The avvQtiixa answered a double 
purpose : — first, it expressed some sentiment calculated to inspire courage 
before the battle ; and secondly, it was used as a watchword in the engage- 
ment if the different ranks of the same army at any time came in collision 

with one another. koL os, and he, refers only to a person ; and is used 

only in the nom. case ; the corresponding accus. would be nal t6v instead 

of ical ov. 6 5e, and he, i. e. Clearchus ; or if instead of 6 5e KAeapxos 

elirev just above (the reading which Hertlein adopts from Dindorf), we 
should read 6 Se zevocpiov ilirev (with Kriiger and others), then of course 
o 54 before hrtKpivaro would mean Xenophon. ■ ■ Zeis croyrfyp Ka\ vIktj. 



BOOK I. CHAP. VIII. 267 

Some expression denoting good fortune would naturally be chosen for a 
watchword. Thus in 6, 5, 25. we have Zeus aur-r]p, 'H/nxkAtJs T/yefAwv ; in 
Cyr. 3, 3, 58. Zeus av/x/xaxos ical rjyeixdv ', and in Cyr. 7, 1, 10. Zeus cca- 
Tijp ical rjyc/xciv. 

§ 17. 'AAAa denotes the sudden turn in his thoughts, from the doubt 
which filled his mind when he asked " zvhat the noise teas" in the Grecian 
ranks, to the animation with which he said, u I both accept it, and let it be" 
(thus). With aAAa in this place, cf. aAAa 1, 7, 6. Sex /* - 1 * s *^ e proper 
expression of one who recognizes a favorable sign and appropriates it to 
himself. Cf. Herod. 9. 91 ; cf. also accipio in Latin. Virg. Aen. 12. 260. 

rovrOy this (i. *. crcorripia ical vinr}). rib <pd\ayye : one might 

expect ra, <pd\. as the noun is fern. ; but the fern, form to occurs only a 
few times and that in the poets ; raiu in the gen. and dat. is more common 
than rd and found even in prose ; but rolv for the fern, as well as masc. 

and neut. is much more common than ralv. irpo-l]pxovro, began first 

(i. e. irpb rwv fiapfidpow, before the barbarians belonging to the army of 
Cyrus) to go. etc. 

§ 18. Tropevofxej/cav, gen. abs. sc. avruj/. rb £iri\enr6iJ.eyov, the part 

which was left behind, in allusion to i^eKv/xaive {projected forward as a surge 

rises from a great body of water). dp6jj.ee 3-eIV, to hasten at a running 

pace. oT6uirep, in such a manner as, or more simply, as. 'EvvaAios, 

commonly considered another name of "Ap-ns. e'AeAi^a? and the synon. 

word aXaXdfa are from e'AeAeu and dAaAa, the actual words which were 

shouted in marching against the enemy, after singing the iraidv. 

\4yovcri, cf. § 6 above, and Introduction § 6. rote Xtt-kois, the horses 

here spoken of were attached probably to the scythe-bearing chariots 
(§ 10 above), which went in front of the enemy and were intended to break 
the ranks of the Greeks. 

§ 19. i^LKue?ffdai t sc. avrS>v ; for the infin. after irplv, see Gr. § 337. 9. 

Kara Kpdros, lit. according to their power, i. e. with all their might. Cf. 

ava Kpdros 1, 8, 1. 

§ 20. £<p£povTo with the neut. plur. Cf. r\<rav 1, 2, 23. ra fx\v . . . 

to de, some . . . others, distributive clauses in apposition with ra app-ara. 

riviox^v dependent on Kevd. Gr. § 271, 3. irpoliSotev, sc. t£ 

ap/xara. eari 8 ' oar is, noio and then one however (of the Greeks). For 

the analysis of the expression, see Gr. § 331, Rem. 4. iiarkayeis 

(from e/c7rA73TTw), having been terrified, and thus losing self-possession. ■ 

ou5e roZrov icaQeiv, not even this one suffered etc. Instead of rovrov, one 

would rather expect rovrovs. See however rovrcp 3, 3, 18. ou5' ctA- 

Aos Se . . . ouSeis, and not even any other etc. ouSe — 5e, in a negative cor- 
respond to koI — 5e in an affirmative clause. 

§21. rb icad' avTOvs, that which was opposed to themselves. ovd 



268 NOTES. 

&s, not even thus ; &s in the sense of ovrcos is not uncommon after ical, oi>54, 
and ^Se ; observe that it is oxytone in this sense, but in every other an 

atonic. H^X^V (from e£ayw), was he induced. avuecrir€Lpa/j.evr]v i 

(from avcnretpdui), drawn closely together ; agrees with r)]v . . . rd^iv. AH 
which intervenes between r-i)v and rd^iv is of the nature of an adjective 

qualifying the noun rd\iv. iTrejxeAelro . . . fiao~i\evs, he narrowly 

watched tchat the ling would do. By the general rule (Gr. § 327% 1.) we 
should expect the optat. This verb is another added to the many exam- 
ples already pointed out, of a sudden transition from a dependent to the 
form of an independent construction. ■ fjdei (from aildd) avrov on, lit. 
he knew him that ; another instance of anticipation. Cf. 1, 1, 5 and 1, 6, 5. 

H-iaov : one would naturally expect to /xiaov ; yet [liaov, like 5e£ioV 

and evcovvfiov, denoting a part of the line of battle, often stands without 
the article. Cf. 1, 8, 13 and 1, 8, 23. 

§ 22. to shows that avrcov is grammatically connected with [xiffov ', 
their own centre : fjyovvrai. Several editions have rjyovvro ; Hertlein, fol- 
lowing Dindorf, has the pres. tense. Kal . . . /cat, not only . . . but also. 

iv curcpaAso-rdrq), in the safest (position). fjv . . . eKaripcoQev, if 

their force may be on both sides of them ; avrcov being dependent on the adv 
of place. Kriiger reads rjv 7] lo~x v s abr£>v eKarepwBev y, if their own 

strength may be on both sides. aladdvecBai rb arpdrevy.a dependent on 

vop.i(ovres. 

§ 23. e|w iyevero, lit. became icithovt, i. e. extended beyond. e/c rod 

avriov, from the opposite side. avnS and avrov mean the king ; avrov 

is dependent on e/xirpoo'dev, and ro?s rerayfxevois on e/xa^ero. 

§ 24. Seiffas fx-fi, having feared that ; Seicras from deBoina which though 

perf. in form, is present in meaning. yevSjxevos, sc. fiao~i\evs. — — 

KaraKo^rj, the general rule would require tbe optat. here. See note on 

iroi7\a , €i § 21 above. robs e^aKicrx^ovs, being thrown to the end of 

the sentence, presents tbe contrast to e^aKoaiois more strikingly. 

§ 25. els rb SidoKeiv bpixiiaavres, having rushed on in the pursuit. 

(TXeSoV, chiefly ; ol 6/j.orpdire(oi, table companions, called also (1, 9, 31.) 
ffvyrpdire£oi. 

§ 26. KaOopq, he descries. ovk rjvecrx^TO, he did not contain himself. 

iralei, strikes (him), with the spear, according to Ctesias (see Plut. Artax. 
11.) ; altbough the verb iralei does not necessarily imply any thing more 
than the use of a missile. See Cyr. 7, 1, 34. Concerning Ctesias, see 
Introduc. § 7. Kal . . . (prjo-i ; an independent added to a relative sen- 
tence ; cf. /cal . . . 5e . . . cure'Sei^e, added to %s . . . iiroirjo-e, 1, 1, 2. 

§ 27. p,ayJ>ixsvoi. One would expect here the gen. abs. The nomin. 
can however stand, says Hertlein, because the following subject o7rdVot 
constitutes a part of those of whom fiaxo/xevoi is predieated. Cf. frefxevoi 2, 



BOOK I. CHAP. IX. 269 

2, 8. and KaTaXnrSvres 5, 2, 21. dirScoL . . . Krrjcrias \eyei, how many 

etc. Ctesias relates. itcc'ivcc, i. e. tw /3acnAe?. ■ tKeivro, like the 

Lat. jacere, fay (dead). 

§ 28. o . . . frepdirwi/, the attendant most devoted to him o/*(all) /«'« officers. 

7repi7reo-fctV, dependent on Aeyerai. The preposition (Trept-) suggests 

that he threw his arms around the hody of Cyrus. 

§ 29. Kvpay dependent on eVt- in composition. ol 5e, sc. cpacri. • 



£iricr(pd£a.(T6ai instead of £irio-<pd£cu "which occurred in the last clause. See 
Gr. § 250. We have here kavr6v as the object of iirio-<pd£aa6ai. It is 
added both for perspicuity and for emphasis : — he (himself) slew himself: — 
the expression being almost equivalent, says Kriiger, to avrbs iavrbv k.t.A. 

CHAP. IX. 
Character of Cyrus. 

§ 1. rcou . . . yevo/x4i/cov, who have lived since the elder Cyrus, — the 
founder of the Persian empire ; the subject of Xenophon's Cyropaedia. 
What he says here of Cyrus the Younger is the highest possible eulogy. 
— Trapd, c. gen. in connection with the pass, occurs chiefly with verbs 

of saying or communicating. Gr. § 251, Rem. 4. Kvpov Iv irzipa 

yei/eadai, to have been in intimate acquaintance with Cyrus. Kvpov depends 
on irelpa. Cf. the synonymous expression ifiireipus avrov ix ilv -> i0 oe inti- 
mately acquainted with him, 2, 6, 1. 

§ 2. irpuroy /*eV, a correlative with iirel Se § 6. Trdvruv ivdvra, 

of all in all respects. For a similar paranomasia, see 2, 5, 7. itdvTn . . . 
irdi/ra . . . iravraxil irdvTOov ; 2, 6, 7. irauraxov irdvres ; 4, 1, 28. iro\- 
Aa%oD iroWov. 

§ 3. at fSacriXiuis frvpai was the common expression for the court of the 

(Persian) king. For the accentuation and meaning of Zcti, see Gr. 

§ 35, 1. 

§ 4. anovovcrt connected by icai to fre&vTai, behold and hear of; Kal 
robs ri/x. . . . Kal gAAous, both those who are honored etc., and others etc. 
■ evdbs ira?5es uj/tcs, immediately being (yet) boys, i. e. from their boy- 
hood onward. #p%et;/. This they learn through the example of the 

king. 

§ 5. aldrifxovecrTaTOS fj.ey irpunov, instead of irpwrov jxkv aidvfx. ; the 

present arrangement gives more prominence to the adjective. 7rei0e- 

<r6ai with its clause is in the same construction with elvai, to which it is 
connected by re : Kal . . . /xaAKov, even more than those who were inferior to 
himself (in rank) ; iavrov governed by the comparative immediately fol- 
lowing. With <piXiinr6TaTos supply from the preceding clause idoicei 



270 NOTES. 

elvai ; and with xpvc8ai, edonei. — — Zicpivov is most naturally explained 
by Kriiger as impers. ; like Xeyovffi and <£acri, Gr. § 238, 5. (c.) : men 

judged him to be etc. (In German, man urtheilte.) toV . . . epyav 

depends on (piXoixa94rrrarov elpai in the same way as the gen. on verbs 
denoting a state or affection of the mind. Gr. § 274, 1 ; in respect to the 

actions etc., to be most fond of learning etc. to^lktjS and b.Kovricre(cs are 

in apposition with epyow. 

§ 6. iTTHpepo/Aej/riv, attaching (him). (rvfiirecrdbv (from ffvixTriirrbJ), 

having grappled with (it). ra }x\v eiraBev, he suffered some things. The 

strict antithesis to this would be ra 5' iiroiTjo'ep, bui he achieved other things ; 
and such a clause would be followed by a specification of what he did. 
The actual construction is briefer ; instead of to 5e k.t.A., we have reXos 

5e, but finally ; and then the statement of what he did. KareKave from 

KaTaKaiva == KaraKreiva. 7roAAo?s fiaKapiffrSy, most happy in the view 

of many. For the construction of this dat., see Gr. § 284, (10). 

§ 7. iirel Se KaTeiri[jL<pQri ; in the year 407, B. C. Qpvyla rj fxeydx-q, 

so called to distinguish it from &pvyia 'q irap 'EAA^cnroyTov. The chief 

city of the former was Celaenae. See map. koX Trdj/rcov, of all also ; 

not only of the forces of his own satrapy, but of all also who etc. oTs 

KadrjKst, on whom it is incumbent, i. e. who are required. els Kacr. ire- 

dlov. The plain of Castolns seems to have been the rendezvous of the 
military forces from the greater part of western Asia Minor. Such places 

were appointed throughout the Persian empire. Cf. Oecon. 4. 6. jxev, 

after irpwrov, is a correlative of 8e after <pavepos, § 11 bekw. irepl 

irXeicrrov, of the greatest importance. Gr. § 295, 3, 1. (d). el . . . crvv- 

Go?to, if he made peace with any one, and if he made a treaty with any one. 
o~irevdojj.ai, says Kriiger, implies previous hostility, avvTiQejxai suggests no 
such collateral notion. Observe the difference in form between the dat. 

of rls which we have in this clause, and the dat. of the article. fxrjdeu 

^eydsaOai depends on ttoiolto. 

§ 8. Kal yap ovv, and (there was proof of this) for on this account, etc. 
These words are used to connect sentences (/cat)? which express a fixed 

fact (ovv), as a proof (ydp) of that which goes before. ol dvdpes, sc. 

eiriTpeTrSjAevoi : not only the cities, but the (individual) men etc. irapd, 

contrary to. Gr. § 297, 111, (1.) (b.) av iraQelv (fut. in meaning), 

that he would suffer. See Gr. § 260, Rem. 10. 

§ 9. roiyapovv has the same force as /cal yap ovv with the exception 

that roi is intensive and koX connective. irao-ai at 7roAets, all the cities, 

i. e. in Ionia ; cf. 1, 1, 6. ai/ri, instead of, Gr. § 287, 1. (2.) (b.) - 

robs (pevyovras irpoeaOai, to abandon the exiles. Cf. 1, 1, 7 and 1, 2, 2. 
irpoiaQai from irpoi'rjfii. The exiles whom Cyrus had received were 
the political enemies of the dominant party in Miletus, and hence the 



BOOK I. CHAP. IX. 271 

ground of their fear. Probably the exiles belonged to the aristocratic 
party. 

§ 10. Kai before yap is a correlative of /ecu before eXeyev, — not only, but 

a l so , 'oti . . . irpooTro, that he would never abandon (any), sc. rivds, or 

better perhaps rivd, (cf. r\s . . . avrovs, 1, 4, 8.) aira£, once for all. 

en p.eiovs, still fewer. en . . . irpd^eiav, and should be still less 

fortunate ; Kaicoos irpdrreiv, to be unfortunate ; el or icaKus irpdrreiv, to be 
fortunate ; nanus iroielv, to do harm (to some one) ; ev or Ka\u>s iroielv, to 
do good (to some one) ; so also aya06v, or icatcSv "with iroielv riva, to do good, 
or, ill to any one; cf. §11. 

§ 11. (pavepbs 5' i\v . . . vittav ireipwfievos, lit. he was plain attempting to 
swpass (him) ; i. e. it teas plain that he etc. Cf. note on Srj\os ?iv, 1, 2. 11. 

For the two accusatives with iroi^ffeiev, see Gr. § 280, 2. ei>xV 

avrov, a prayer of his, indefinite; r)]V euxV avrov would be rendered his 

prayer ; us evxoiro, that lie prayed etc. tare vikcov . . . a\e^6,uevos, 

until, in requiting, he should surpass etc. This was a common sentiment 
among the Greeks, cf. Isocra. 1. 26. How different and how much better 
is the Christian principle ! 

§ 12. irXelaroi 8tj. The superlative is often strengthened by 877. Cf. 1, 

9, 18 and 20. See Gr. § 315, 2. avra> kvi ye avSpi, lit. to him one man 

at least. The English idiom requires some change of construction in ren- 
dering ; e. g. Afar greater number desired . . . to him than to any other one 

man. ru>v e<// rjfxuv, of those contemporary with us, limits kvi ye avdpi ; 

for iiri c. gen., see Gr. § 296, (2). irpoeadai, (to give up, to surrender,} 

is here used in a connection somewhat different from that in § 9 above. 

§ 13. ov /xev $7) ovSe, lit. not indeed not even, or more simply and in an 
Eng. idiom, nor indeed, p.ev in this clause is considered synonymous with 
[jlt]v ; so also in the phrases aAAa fxev 877, «a\ fxev 8/7, ov pev St/, cf. 2, 2, 3 ; 

3, 2, 14. eta from idu. KarayeKav ; some supply avrov, i. e. 

Kvpov ; others, ruv vo/xuv ; but it seems more natural and forcible to con- 
sider it as absolute. See L. & S. o-repopLevovs, deprived of with a perf. 

signification, see Gr. § 161, 21. iyevero, it happened, nearly = i£r}v, 

it was permitted. exovri . . . irpox^poin, having whatever might be con- 
venient, sc. to him to have ; ex 6iJ/ with irpoxopoir) is suggested by exovri. 
Schneider's interpretation, which is followed by Kriiger, seems too forced 
and is consequently not given here. 

§ 14. rovs ye jxevroi ayaQovs, but those at least who were good ; jxevroi 
is here as usual intensive and slightly adversative ; that which follows 
being opposed to the idea of severity contained in the preceding section. 

els ir6\eixov, for war, Gr. § 290, 2. (3.) (a.) irpurov jxev belongs in 

meaning to &pxovras eiroiei, as though the intervening clause were in a 
dependent construction, iro\4fxov avrtp ovros. Clauses logically subor- 



272 NOTES. 

dinate are not unfrequently made coordinate. Cf. 3, 1, 26 ; 3, 2, 4. — — 

koI avros, himself also, not merely his army. k6pa (from dpdco), see 

Gr. § 167, 4. tcai before 'dpxovras a correlative of ical before uXXy. 

7)S icar. x&P as i ** or r VS x^P as *l v Kar ' '• c ^ ^ s &PX 01 X^P as i lj 9, 19 ; 

and the note on ocrov ?,y avr<p trrpdrevfia 1, 2, 1. 

§ 15. U-CT6 <pai]/€cr6ai . . . olioEr, so f7mi 7ie appeared to think it proper, 
etc. Kvpov cuc0-, more expressive than avrov al<r6'ij(re<r8ai. 

§ 16. ets, ire respect to ,• cf. 2, 6, 30. -ye, thus ■ united with p.r)y } 

presents with more point and emphasis than Se a transition to another and 

important thought. Cf. § 20 below. iirideiKwadai, (mid.) to exhibit 

himself, to be conspicuous. 7repl iravrSs, all-important ; cf. irepl irXel- 

cttov, § 7 above. tovtovs referring to rh ; cf. 1, 4, 8. avrovs. 

e/c rod aBiKov, by unjust means, unjustly ; cf. e/c tov SiKaiov, § 19. 

§ 17. ctAAo T6 iroXXa . . . tcai, not only many other things . . . but espe- 
cially ; when T€ . . . Kai are correlative, the second member is joined em- 
phatically to the first. Cf. Lat. quum — turn. Gr. § 321, 1. (c.) 

SiKaicos avrw Sie% — were accomplished for him justly ; avr<S, for him,, not 
as dat. of agent by him ; Siicaicas is predicated of the just actions, not of 
Cyrus, but of those who served him. aXrfiivqy, true, genuine, in opposi- 
tion to the idea of spurious or counterfeit ; aXnQi,s, true, in opposition to 

the idea false or untrue. eirXevarav. Xen. evidently has in mind the 

Grecian soldiers particularly. elvai ; for the difference between the 

infin. and particip. after yiyvuicrKw, see Gr. § 311, 4. Kara, p.y\va, 

monthly, payment being made by the month ; cf. 1, 3, 21. 

§ 18. aXXa p.-'r t v, but further, used to denote a transition to some new 

topic. axapicrov, without thanks, i. e. unrequited, qualifies Trpodv/xiav. 

Kpa.Tio~Toi 5^, see note on TrXelaroi 5Yj, § 12 above. There were said 

to arise to Cyrus the very best supporters (servants) in every enterprise. 

§ 19. e: 5e riva . . . SiKatov, and if he saw that any one was skilful as a 
manager on the principles of justice ; deivSv, able, skilful ; e/c rod dinalov, 

cf. e/c rod adiicov, § 16 above. Kai . . . re . . . Kai, and not only . . . 

but also. ?}$■ apx° l X^P as — r V v X^P av i ^l s &PX 01 ' ^ v a^e'AeTO 

denotes repetition or habit. Gr. § 260, (2), (#.) : he tcould never take 
(any thing) away from any one. Hertlein supplies in this clause avr-fjv, 
i. e. t))v x®P av '■> Du ^ tn ^ s ^ s no * so natural in connection with the next 

clause. irXeioo, ace. plur. neuter. iiriiraro (Tr6.op.aC), a poetic 

word, but used several times by Xen. 

§ 20. (piXovs is not perhaps the object of ^spavevsiu, as it stands with- 
out the article, but is rather to be considered a part of the relative clause 
with ocrovs, and instead of having its regular position after irorfjcraiTo, 

stands first for the sake of emphasis. ye pA\v, cf. note § 16. o, n 

. . . Karepyd^ecrdai, in that which he might perchance desire to accomplish. 



BOOK I. CHAP. IX. 273 

For Tvyxavw "with the particip., see Gr. § 310, 4. (1.) irp6s with the 

gen., after pass, verbs, is unusual in Attic prose. 

§ 21. Kal yap .. . . ex '* ^ ue simplest construction of this clause is as 
follows : — For (it was) this very thing, on account of which HE thought he 
needed friends, that he might have helpers ; others construe thus, avrb tovto 
us tx 0£ cvvepyovs (tovtov) ooirep kveica avrbs (Zero SelffBai cpihwy. (It was) 

for this (purpose) that etc. Kal avrbs iireipa.ro k.t.X. ; thus he set an 

example of what he thought a friend should he. tovtov depends on 

<rwepy6s, orov on iirtOv/xovvra. For the accus. and particip. instead of 
the accus. and infin., see Gr. § 310, 4. (a.) 

§ 22. els 76 uv avr)p limits the superlative ir\e?o'ra, lit. he being one man 

at least received etc., i. e. in an Eng. idiom, he received more gifts than any 

other one man ; cf. evi ye avSpl ruv ecp' tj/jlooj/, limiting irKetcrroi § 12 above. 

■ndvruv Si] limits the subject of SieSiSov, he of all men etc. ; for the 

force of Sri, see note on irKeTaroi Si) § 12 above. SieSiSov, used to give 

apart (Sia-), i. e. used to distribute. Kal (sc. o-kottuv) otov, and taking 

into consideration that which etc. To correspond with irpbs robs rpoirovs 
kxao-Tov, one might expect irpbs ri]v evSeiav eKaarov, having regard for the 
habits and the wants of each one. 

§23. cos els, intended for, cf. 1, 8, 23. KaX\ooino-fi6v, personal 

adorning in distinction from the implements of warfare. Xeyeiv avrbv 

ecpao-av, they (the persons from whom Xen. obtained his information ; cf. 
2, 1, 14 ; 2, 6, 10.) affirmed that he used to say. — : — cpihovs KaXus KeKo- 
(rpLrnievovs, sc. eivai, that friends icell adorned were etc. ; cf. uo/j.i(co v/xas 
ifxol elvai k.t.X., 1, 3, 6. 

§ 24. t6 belongs to the whole member of the sentence ending with 

iroiovvra, the whole being the subject of £<rri understood. to /xeyaXa, 

adverbial, greatly. radra is plural because two ideas precede : — the 

fact that he surpassed his friends in care (for them), and (the fact that he 
surpassed them) in the desire to confer favors, these things etc. 

§ 25. Observe the difference in this section between eirefjeire and 

eire^e. Xeyuv, saying, not in person, but by means of his servant 

who conveyed the present of wine. Cf. eXeye, 1, 3, 8. tovtov r,Sioui, 

more delicious than this (wine). eire/x^e, observe here the transition 

from the oratio obliqua to the oratio recta. eKirieiv from eKiriyu. 

ffvu ols = avv tovtois, ovs. See Gr. § 332, 6. and the ex. irpbs cits eicrt£- 
ffavTo, PI. Gorg. 519. a. 

§ 26. apTcav 7]jj.i<rea, lit. halves of loaves of bread, i. e. half loaves of 

bread. For the government of aprcou, see Gr. § 264, Rem. 5. b. £tti- 

in comp. with Xeyeiv signifies, in addition, besides, i. e. besides carrying the 

present. Observe the accentuation of ere, Gr. § 35, Rem. 2. (b.) 

rovTtav, for the government, see Gr. § 273, 5. (c.) 

12* 



274 NOTES. 

§ 27. ir&w is here placed after the adjective which it qualifies. This 
unusual position increases its force ; cf. iaxvpoos, 1, 2, 21 and 1, 7, 15.- 
avrbs . . . i7ri/j.4\eiav is parenthetical and hence the verb (ISiWto) is indie. 

instead of optat. koX Sice t)\v iiri/jLeAeiav, and on account of their care 

(for him as prince). &s p.7] ireivooj/res, sc. ol 'iiriroi. aywarij/ instead 

of ayoiev, another instance of transition to the oratio recta, 

§ 28. "E,KXi\v(av and Papfidpooj/, depend on ovtieva. 

§ 29. Trapa fiev ; we should expect here irapa jx\v yap, as introducing 
after reK/x^piou a statement of the proof; other instances however like this 

occur. SovX&v uvrosy being a subject; cf. 2, 5, 38 ; 3, 1, 17. ouros, 

i. e. Orontes. oV, relating to avrSv, i. e. the faithful servant to whom 

Orontes had entrusted the letter to the king ; cf. 1, G, 3 ; ov being placed 
before its antecedent is made far more prominent in the sentence ; cf. ovs — 

avroTs, 6, 4, 9. ical ouroi jxevroi, and these indeed ; ol . . . ayair(i>p.£voi 

in apposition with ovtoi, and in the same construction with iroXXoi. - 
av Tvyxdveiv, they would obtain etc., dependent on vop.i(ovrss. 

§ 30. to . . . avTca yevS/nevov, that which happened to him (Cyrus) etc. ; 
fieya reKjx'ijpiov (J\v) oti /c.t.A., was a striking proof that etc. 

§ 31. irap' o.vt6v, near him, on his side. na\ to GTp. ; not simply 

alone but having also all the army which etc. Cf. koL tovs frepanovras 
iravTas %X 0>V > ^> ^, ^. 

CHAP. X. 

Movements of both armies immediately after the death of Cyrus, at the 
close of the battle. The Persians, after plundering the camp of Cyrus, 
having advanced against the Greeks, retreat precipitately. 

§ 1. Kvpov . . . xel/9 7] 8e£id : Plutarch (Artax. 13) says this was done 

kclto. 5-f] Tiva v6\xov riepcrwi/, Cf. 3, 1, 17. diuKOov slo"n:'nrTzi agrees with 

the principal subject, as Xa^duei in § 2 below. ol fxej/. To this cor- 
responds that which in substance is contained in § 3, ol Be "EXXrji/es — 

avTiTaxQivr^s. els tov cto.Qix6v : cf. 2, 1, 3 ; the station where they 

had last encamped. CTpaToiredov, the place where the attendants of the 
army remained during the battle. 

§ 2. QcoKaiSa ; from Phocaea in Ionia according to Athenaeus, 13. 576., 
irporepov MjAt&j KaXov^evriv, 'AffTraalav /xeTOvo/j.a(rdrivac. 

§ 3. yvfAi/Ss, like nudus, often means without the outer garment, clad only 

with the xtTwj> ; cf. 4, 4, 12. -rrphs tuv 'EXX^vcov o'i : irphs governs 

the omitted antecedent of o'i which would be tovtous : to those of the Greeks 
who etc. The omission of the antecedent in similar cases is extremely 
rare. ol Se teal avTuv, and some of them, i. e. the Greeks who had 



BOOK I. CHAP. X. 275 

arms in their camp. ravrriv = tV Mi\7](rlau. tiAAa 0Tr6aa, the 

more common order would be 6ir6cra aAAa. evTbs avTuv . . . e'yeVoj/TO, 

came within their reach. The repetition of ecruo-av seems here to be 

emphatic, although similar repetitions occur where no special emphasis 
seems to be intended. Cf. avafialvei, avefij], 1, 1, 2 ; tfyyeWov repeated, 1, 
7, 13 : airtxvp* 1 , aTrex&pricrav, 3, 4, 15 ; 5e? repeated, 3, 4, 35. 

§ 4. ol "EWrives here denotes the main army of the Greeks ; not the 

s:;me that were mentioned in the last section. ol (lip here refers to ol 

"E\\7]ues. In like manner 6 p.4v not unfrequently refers to the nearer, and 
6 Se to the more remote object. ko.9' avrovs, opposite to themselves ; cf. 

1, 8, 21. ol Se instead of 6 Se because Xen. has in mind not merely 

fiaai\evs, but also ol avv avrtp. In a similar way, avrovs § 7, and ovras 

§ 10 below. us fjdri irdvres, as if already all, i. e. all the Persians, 

even those who were opposed to the Greeks and were already routed. , 

§ 5. eXr} and vuapev, oratio obliqua. Observe the force of the imperf. 

optat. (yincptv, were conquering), as distinguished from the aor. optat. 

els to Trp6adev, forwards. o'lxovrai, lit. have gone ; pres. in form, perf. 

in meaning. One might expect the optat. to correspond with viKyev. For 
a similar change, cf. rptyovrai and e^otey, 3, 5, 13 ; ire^irei and {palvoiro, 

2, 1, 2 ; t£Qvt}ksv and e'irj, 2, 1, 3. eirl rb crrp. ap^ovres, to the camp 

to render assistance. 

§ 6. teal fia<ri\evs, the king also ; as the Greeks had purposed to attack 

him, so the Icing also was now coming to make an attack on them. us 

idonei must be connected in idea simply with oirio-Qev. o-Tpa<j>ei/Tes, 

having faced about ; avcrpatpivres (the reading of some editions) would 

signify, having brought their ranks together. us ravr-p irpoo~i6vTOS, sc. 

fiaaiXeus : — nai connects here a particip. in the gen. with a particip. in 
the nominative. Not unfrequently /ecu and Se and the corresponding nega- 
tive connectives unite a gen. abs. with some other case of a^ particip. ; 
cf. 5, 6, 32 ; 7, 1, 27. In 2, 4, 22, the case abs. is connected to a governed 

case. ft Se k.t.A., (see 1, 8, 23.) but lohere he passed along etc. — — 

Kal tovs . . . ai/TOfj.oX'fjo'auras, and those icho (being) over against the Greeks 
had deserted in the battle ; cf. 2, 1, 6. 

§ 7. cu^Aacre, marched through. Tissaphernes being on the left wing 
of the Persians (1, 8, 9.) would be opposed to the right wing of the army 
of Cyrus. Here Clearchus was posted (1, 8, 4.) ; and on his right, the 
Grecian targeteer force (1, 8, 5.), which skilfully gave way so as to allow 
Tissaphernes to pass along between themselves and the river. Cf. 2, 3, 19. 

• "EWrjvas, here used adjectively ; cf. ©paicas and Kprjras, 1,2,9. 

The names of nations with nouns denoting persons are often thus used. 

Kareicave from Ka.Ta.Ko.ivu = KaTaKreivu. avrovs = Tiacacpepuriv Kal 

tovs gvv avT<£. Cf. note on ol 5e § 4 above. 'AfxcpnroXiTrjs, from 



276 NOTES. 

Amphipolis, a cit y in Thrace on the Strymon. cppSuifios yeveaBai, to 

have been prudent and skilful, inasmuch as he contrived to avoid the over- 
whelming force of the enemy, receiving no harm from them, hut inflicting 
considerable damage. 

§ 8. oos . . . aTrrjWdyri, after he withdrew being worsted. jxeiov e^etv, 
to have less, to suffer disadvantage, to be worsted. airrjWdyTj from a7raA.- 
\drrw. dfxov qualifies iiropevovro. ^ 

§ 9. to evdovvfiov, the left, according to the first arrangement, hut now, 

since the Greeks had faced about (§ 6 above), the right wing. avairrvr- 

reiv (Java- bach, irrvrreiv, to fold) rb Ktpas, to bend the wing around. By 
this movement the army would front the enemy, while the rear would rest 
on the river (jcoirjcrao'dai umaQev rbv Trora/j-Sv, lit. to make the river in 
the rear). 

§ 10. iv cp . . . ifiovXevovro, but while (the Greeks) were deliberating on 
these things. The movement spoken of in the preceding section was only 

contemplated (iSSicei). koX Stj, even now, nearly == ^'877. irapa- 

(xeityd}xevos, having passed along by, = irapeXBcav. avriav, sc. rod 'E\~ 

\7]vikov. els rb avrb (T^/acc, &o-irep, in the same form, as etc. 

p.axov/ji.evos, fut. part., see Gr. § 154, 5. ovras, sc. (SacriXea kcu robs 

abv avrw ; cf. ol Se, § 4 above. 

§ 11. 4k irXeovos, lit. from a greater distance, i. e. they began to flee 
at a point still farther from the Greeks. rb irpScrQev, 1, 8, 19. 

§ 12. ayecrrpdcpecrav (avd, back, or about, and o-rpecpca, I turn), faced 

about. ire^ol (in grammatical apposition with oi ajxcpl jSacrtAea) jxev 

ovKeri, . . . 5e, footmen no longer, but ; or more clearly, not however foot- 
men, but ; ovK6Ti, non item, not after the same manner = but not, not however. 

eveivK^adi] from ip.ir'nr\riiJ.i : for the gen. with this word,, see Gr. 

§ 273, 5. (b.) rb Troiovjxevov, much less frequent in this sense than 

rb yiyvo^evov^ that which was being done, or more simply, what was going 

on. iir\ ireXrrjs, on a spear, in which signification the word ireKrri 

seldom occurs. Cf. Cyrop. 7, 1, 4. fy 8e r<p Kvpca rb a-n/xeiou herbs iwl 
dSparos fxaKpov avarerafxevos (with expanded wings). 

§ 13. ivravda denotes more commonly rest in a place, but also very 

often motion to a place instead of iyravdo? ; so here. &AA01 &WoQev 

expresses more briefly than otir idiom will admit of the promiscuous dis- 
persion of the horsemen ; cf. Lat. alii alio : some (went) one way, some 
another ; aWoQev (which means strictly, from another place) is here trans- 
lated like &\Aoo~e, to another place, the writer assuming in mind for his 

stand-point the place towards which the enemy were fleeing. ixpiAovro 

(from tyiXoco) ; observe the force of the imperf., was becoming bare ; tyi\(a6ri t 

was made bare, would be inconsistent with the next clause. k<x\ irdv 

Tes, all also ; cf. 1, 8, 2. 



BOOK I. CHAP. X. 277 

§ 14. &vej309a([W, sc. to crpdrev/xa, did not conduct (the army) upon etc. 
— — — vtrb avr6v ; an expression implying motion with a verb of rest. The 
idea is, conducting the army to the foot of it (the hill), and commanding it to 

halt., he sends etc. /ceAeuet, sc. avrovs. Kcm5<Was . . . ri icrriu, 

lit. having looked dotcn on the things beyond the hill, what (there) is ; ti in the 
sing, denotes the complete view of the several objects denoted by rd ; cf. 
tI ovv ravrd iffTiv, 2, 1, 22. 

§ 15. cx^bv 5' oVe, and about the time when. Kal t\\ios ifivero, the 

sun also was setting ; r\\ios often stands without the article, when the Eng. 
idiom requires it ; so also other objects and appearances in nature which 
are from their very character single ; cf. ovpavov, 4, 2, 2 ; rjhios, 5, 7, 6 ; 
Bopias and vSros, 5, 7, 7. 

§ 16. a/xa [xev. Instead of a corresponding apa 5e, the construction is 
changed, owing to the introduction of explanatory clauses, and we have in 

the correlative sentence § 17. Kal avrol ejSouAetWro k.t.X. avrbu re- 

OurjKoTa, Gr. § 310, 4. (a.) Kara\r\^i6ix^v6v ri, to seize upon something, 

perhaps some important military point. Trpoe?^nXaKevai, had marched 

forward ; from irpoeAavvw. 

§ 17. avrol, they themselves, they on their part in contradistinction from 

Cyrus. avrov, adv. there ; IvravQa, cf. § 13 above, with note. 

avrols airtemi, that they themselves should go away, in opposition to the idea 
of bringing the baggage to them ; were there no antithesis implied, 

avroTs would be unnecessary. SSpTcrjaTov, chiefly poetic, instead of 

Selirvov. 

§ 18. ravrrjs fx\v . . . iyeuero, such was the end of this day. An event- 
ful day ; and destined to exert an important influence on the future history 
of the world. For on that day the Greeks learned their superiority to the 
Persians, even in the heart of the empire. The conquests of Alexander, 
with all of their weighty results, may be traced directly to the lesson 

which was learned in the battle of Cunaxa. ■ -re . . . Kal, not only, but 

especially. Gr. § 321, 1. (c.) /xecrras : ovcras is here omitted ; cf. a/xerpoy, 

sc. vv, 3, 2, 16 ; and opOla, sc. ovaa, 4, 1, 20. &s i\4yovTo has respect 

to the preceding word. The personal instead of the more common imper- 
sonal construction is used here. Cf. iS6Kovu, 1, 4, 7. Kal ravras 

repeats with emphasis the idea of to.s a/xd^as : even these. 

§ 19. KaraXvaai, cf. 1, 8, 1. For the meaning of apurrov and 

Selirvovy see Die. Antiqq. art. coena. 



278 



NOTES. 



BOOK SECOND. 

' Oca e7rel Kvpos ereAetir^o'ev iyevero airiSvruv rcov 'EW'ftveop avv Ti<r- 
ccupepj/ei iv reus <rirov8cus. — Movements of the Greeks after the tattle of 
Cunaxa, until the treaty which they ratified with the Persians was hroken. 



CHAP. I. 

Negotiations of the Greeks with Ariaeus, Persian commander under Cyrus, 
to whom they offer the throne of Persia ; and of Artaxerxes with the 
Greeks whom he attempts in vain either to overreach or to intimidate. 

§ 1. A recapitulation of the principal events in the last hook. Tls 

filv ovv, How therefore ; fxev, correlative with 5e § 2. Kvpcp, dat. com. 

Gr. § 284, 3, Rem. 4. iv r$ av65 v = iv rrj amfidvei, (3, 1, 1.) ; cf. 

note on 'di/(o 1, 2, 1. i\G6vres, having gone bach ; cf. iXOeiv, 5, 7, 15 ; 

also fj£ct>, 2, 1, 9 ; rj/ce, 2, 1, 15 ; tjkov, 2, 3, 6. ra Trdvra, see Gr. 

§ 216, 5. (j3.) vinav, does not mean thai they were conquering; hut 

rather, that they have conquered, that they are victorious. In this sense it is 
often used ; cf. 1, 8, 12 ; 1, 10, 4. Gr. § 255, Rem. 1. Kriiger takes ret 
icdvra as suhject-accus. of vinav, hut it seems much more natural to take it 

as the object. See Gr. § 278, 2. SeSvjAwrat has for its subject the 

several clauses introduced by ws. 

§ 2. ajxa t?i riiiepa., a t br°ak of day ; a/xa is often thus used as a prepo- 
sition. Gr. § 289, Rem. crr^avovvra, fut. act. particip. denoting pur- 
pose, from cy\}xalv(io. avrSs, ipse, always intensive in the nominative 

without the article. Trefxirei — cpaivoiro. The same change of mood 

occurs § 3, tIQvt]k^v — etr}. ds to Trp6crQev i cf. 1, 10, 5. cru/x- 

fxl^iav, should join with ; filyvv[xi is again used intransitively in 2, 3, 19, 
and in 3, 5, 16. 

§ 3. iv opfxr}, in the act of setting out. ovtcov, gen. abs. ; sc. avrwv; 

cf. TrpolSvTwv, 1, 2, 17. a/xa T]\iq> avlo~x ovr h a t sun-rising, denoting a 

time later than aju.a tt} 7\\xipa. ; for tjAios without the article, see note 1, 

10, 15. Teuthrania was in Aeolis not far from Halisarna (7, 8, 17.), 

opposite the island of Lesbos according to the conjecture of Kiepert. It 
had been given by Darius to the Spartan king Damaratus, after he had 

been driven from Sparta by the intrigues of king Cleomenes. yeyovks 

air6, descended from ; for another construction, see 1, 1, 1. F\ovs 

connected by Kal to UpoKX^s. Ta/tc5, gen., Att. 2d declens. — — 



BOOK II. CHAP. I. 279 

reQvriKev . . . «tij J the indie, is more positive than the optat. ; the death 

of Cyrus therefore is reported as a fixed fact. eV tw araO/MS must he 

connected with etrj, as ireepvyws would require els rbu cra6fi6i/. t?? 

vpoTepaia, sc. y)jxepa. ry aAAy, on the other = on the next (day) ; cf. 3, 

4, 1 ; in this sense rfj vcrTepaia is more common. \4yoi and (pair], sc. 

'ApiaTos. inl 'lcovias, towards Ionia. For the difference between ivrl 

with the gen. and hd with the accus., see Gr. § 273, Rem. 8. 

§ 4. 'AAA', cf. note 1, 7, 6. &<£eAe . . . £r)v, would that Cyrus were 

alive. For the precise meaning of this form of wish, see Gr. § 259, Rem. 

6 ; &(/>eA.e, 2d aor. of d<peiAo». vp-e?s, v/xtls, not expressed in the nom. 

except for some particular emphasis or for perspicuity. Gr. § 302, 1. Yet 

cf. note § 12 below. Kadiuv, Att. fut. infin. of itaOifa, to cause to sit 

dozen, i. e. to set, to place. See Gr. § 117. 

§ 5. robs ayye\ovs ; those mentioned in § 3 above. ifiovAero, sc. 

&Troo~TeAA6(r6aL. 

§ 6. ol fxev, an asyndeton for Kal oi jx4v ; cf. 1, 2, 25. For the 

general subject of asyndeton, see Gr. § 325. kotctovtgs refers to 

o-Tpa.Tev[ia as a collective noun. IvKois, for wood, in apposition with 

olffTols k.t.K. o5, to the place where. e/c/3aAAeu/, to cast away, 

probably from their quivers. The deserters from the king were retaken ; 

cf. 1, 10, 6. ■ i\o~av cpepeaOai, there were to be brought, i. e. which might 

be brought (for fuel). eprjfxoi, empty, because they had been plundered ; 

1, 10, 18. Kpea belongs as object both to etyovres and jjaQiov. 

§ 7. ol [xkv aWoi fidpPapoi, . . . de, the others barbarians, . . . but. 

ivrifxeos %% wv — ^vtljj.os iov. twv a/x<pl k.t.K., in those things pertaining 

to etc. ; depends on e7ricn-7^coj/, Gr. 273, 5. (e.) reikis re Kal oirAo- 

fjLax'tav. The former denotes the act of drawing up the lines ; the latter, 
the various exercises pertaining to a battle, (strictly as the etymology im- 
ports, a battle with heavy armor.) 

§ 8. vikuv ruyxauei. For the construction, cf. note on irapuv irvyxave, 

1, 1, 2. lovTas iirl . . . frvpas, going to the doors of the ting ; a common 

form of expression to denote the suit of the poor and the weak before the 

rich and the powerful; cf. 1, 2, 11. evpio-KeaOai, to try to obtain; cf. 

7, 1, 31. av SvvcovTai, if they can, sc. obtain any advantage ; <rya- 

Q6v belongs as a complement with evpio~Kecr8ai and also with the condi- 
tional clause. 

§ 9. ofxeos de KAtapxos, but Clearchus nevertheless, i. e. although he was 

equally indignant with the others. ob ; the position of the negative, 

not before efrj but before r&v vikwvtuv, should be noticed : to deliver up 
their arms belonged not to the victorious, implying the antithesis a\Ka twv 

■)]tt(i)[j,4vow. 6077, continued he ; a common use of the word. Cf. 3, 2, 9 ; 

3, 3, 12 ; 3, 5, 6. ep^eTe, sc. aTTOKpivaadai. ??!&>, will return ; cf. 



280 NOTES. 

note on £\Q6vres> 2, 1, 1. rh lepb. ityprifxeva (from e£o»pew), the eiv 

trails which had been taken out (from the victim) ; since from the entrails, 

especially from the liver, they supposed future events might be known. ■ 

&vo/Aevos, sacrificing, the mid. voice adds the idea, for himself i. e. as the 
word often means, to take the auspices. Cf. 1, 7, 18. 

§ 10. KAedVwp, doubtless the same who in 2, 5, 37. is called an Orcho- 

menian and a general. See note 1, 2, 9. irp6aQev . . . irapadol7]<rav i 

they would sooner die than deliver up their arms ; a familiar idiom in many 
languages ; irapadoirjaav : with the exception of the common word etvaav 
(see 1, 1, 5.) this is an extremely rare form of the optat. of verbs in -/xt, 

instead of nvapa^diev. &avjj,dfa, Trorepa, I wonder whether. This verb 

often contains in itself not only the notion of wonder, but also of desire to 

know, and hence may be followed by an indirect question. dcapa, sc. 

aire?. el jxev yap, sc. aire?. Kal . . . e\d6vTa, and not (much 

rather) to come and take (them) ; lit. having come to take. 

§ 11. avTu, sc. tw jSacrtAe?, depends on avTiiroieiTat, perhaps as dat. in- 
com. ; Gr. § 284, Eem. 4 ; for who is there that lays claim to the government 

against him ? eavTOv elvai, belong to himself i. e. are his property. — — 

%X <av i sc * v/xcis. l-^Vt c ^ A 4e 'o'ou, 1, 2, 7. Kal . . . ivrSs, and (hav- 
ing you) voithin etc. ovV , el -napeyoi vfuv, not even if he should give 

them up to you, sc. to be slain ; i. e. should they not fight at all, there would 
be too many even for the Greeks to slaughter. 

§ 12. &s crb opas, the personal pronoun stands here, as elsewhere some- 
times, with a very slight emphasis. Examples of this sort are found chiefly 
in clauses introduced by a relative adverb or pronoun ; cf. ocrovs ffb dpys 

§ 16 below ; also ws iydo, 2, 2, 3. aV ; the first belongs to xpv&Ocu ; 

the second, to crreprjOrtuai. irapaddxreiVf sc. 7]/xas as subject : that we' 

shall deliver up to you etc. avv tovtois — ravra exovres (§ 20 below), 

not exactly the same as tovtois (dative of instrument). Cf. 3, 2, 8. 

§ 13. (piXooScpcp, used here in contempt, as of one who does not recog- 
nize the actual, but sees only the imaginary. eoiKas, you resemble ; 

for the forms of this verb, see Gr. § 195, 2. ouk axdpicrTa, what 

is not unpleasing, ironical. ftrfl: . . . wv, be assured that you are, 

Gr. § 310, 4. (a.) olei, the form always used by Attic writers as 

2d pers. sing, of o'lo/xai ; cf. fiovXei and u\pei from fiovXofxai and otpofxai. 
Gr. § 116, 11. 

§ 14. eipacrav, cf. note, 1, 9, 23. &s Kal . . . eyivovTO Kal . . , av . . . 

yivoivTO, that they both were . . . and might become . . . ; see Gr. § 321, 1. 

iroWov, see note on 1, 3, 12. etVe . . . eire, whether . . . or. 

&AAo ti, in something else, as distinguished from an expedition to Egypt. 

ffvyKaTaffTpetyau/TO (comp. o~vv y KaToi, crTpe<paj) av avT$,"they would 

together with him subjugate (it). 



BOOK II. CHAP. I. 



281 



§ 15. viroXafiiiov elirev, breaking in, said. Ouroi . . . dXXos dXXa 

Xeyei ; the verb agrees with dXXos which is in apposition with olroi ; cf. 
the construction of iiropeuero, 1, 8, 9; we may render, of these, one says 
one thing, another (says) another. ri Xeyeis, what you propose. 

§ 16. aarpei/os is much more common than aa/xeuws, where an adverb 

might be expected. Cf. ettdov, cutoov, iOeXovo'ios, duovaios. ol/xai often 

stands as here without any influence on the construction ; still, the accus. 
robs dx. irduTas, would be admissible ; cf. Plat. Prot. 314, b. oifxai oe ical 
Hp68acov k.t.X. ; with the construction of olpat here, compare ev laQi and 

similar expressions. ol dXXoi iravres, sc. ere aa/xej/oi hwp6.Ka.viv. 

Tl^eis, SO. "EXXrjves eafiev. irep\ £>v = irepl tovtwu a. 

§ 17. Trpbs &e<av, in the presence of the gods, a solemn form of assevera- 
tion. Gr. § 298, 1. (2.) (c.) di/aXey6/j.evov, expresses no fitting idea, 

says Hertlein ; Kriiger translates it with els rhv eireira xpovov, when handed 
down to coming time, making duaXeyS/xevov agree with 6' ; but such a mean- 
ing of the word, he says, is not to be found elsewhere, at least in Attic 
writers. Hence various conjectural readings have been proposed ; — e. g. 
av XeyS/xei/ov, should it be reported ; duayyeXS/xeuou, being announced ; irdvra 
Xey6/xevov, in which case Xeyojxevov would agree with xpdvov, time, that tells 

all things. %vv, older Attic form of avv. \v[x.^ovXevo}xevois £vve- 

fiovXevaev ai>To7s, advised them on consulting with him ; the marked difference 
between the act. and mid. will not escape notice. 

§ 18. ravra virrjyeTO, briefly expressed, says Hertlein, for ravra Xeywp 
vTT'fjyeTO, in these things he made an artful suggestion to lead (Phalinus) on. 

viroarpixl/as, having artfully turned. The notion, artful, sly, in both 

of these verbs, is expressed by vir6. irapd, contrary to. avrov, 

i. e. rod KXedpxov. It will be perceived that Greek met Greek in this 
interview. 

§ 19. rwv jxvpluv. For the article here, cf. 1, 7, 10, and Gr. § 246, 9. 

acoQTJuai, depends on iXiridow, hopes of being saved. After iXTris iariv 

the infin. aor. is not unfrequently used without dv, denoting a future 

event; less frequently after iXiri^eiy. troXeixovvras agrees with the 

implied subject of awQ^vai. The dat. agreeing with 0/juv would also have 

been grammatical ; cf. note on Xaj36ura, 1, 2, 1. dicovTos, cf. note 1, 

3, 17. birr) 5vuar6v, lit. in what way%it is possible, i. e. in the best way 

possible. 

§ 20. ravra as usual referring to what precedes, rdde to what follows. 

■ (piXovs ehai, sc. r^ds. irXelovos . . . (piXoi, dependent on olo/xeOa, 

we might be more valuable friends, sc. i)/j.e?s (which however could not pro- 
perly be expressed) ; for the nominative with the infin., see Gr. § 307, 4. 

iroXene?}/, also dependent on oUpeQa. This reply is worthy of the 

Laconian Clearchus. 



282 NOTES. 

§ 21. /j.£vov<ri avrov, sc. v/xij/, to you (on condition of your) remaining 

here. —— etrjo'av, see note on irapaSoi^ffav § 10 above. nrpoCovcn Kai 

amoiffi, sc. ijxiv ; — tt6\s/j.os, sc. e^rj. efaraTe : for those parts of the 

1st aor. of this word which are used in preference to the 2d aor., see Gr. 

§ 167, 7. irepl rovrov, concerning this, i. e. the last point proposed by 

the king. ir6repa . . . elcriv, lit. whether you will remain and there is a 

treaty to you, i. e. whether you will remain and have peace. u>s TroAe/xov 

ovros, on the supposition that war exists ; gen. abs. with &s. 

§ 22. airep Kai. When two ideas, expressed in a demonstrative and 
relative clause, are compared, the Eng. word also is regularly placed only in 
the demonstrative clause, but the Greek word Kai stands also in the relative 
clause, sometimes even when it is not expressed in the demonstrative ; cf. 
Kai before v/xe?s 1, 3, 6. Consequently in translating, we cannot well render 
Kai in the relative clause : to us also the same things seem expedient as to 

the king. ri ravra, cf. note 1, 10, 14. hiteKpivaro, notice the 

asyndeton. crirovSai, sc. elcnv. 

§ 23. ravrd, do not confound with ravra. With (xipovffiv and the 

other participles in the dat. plur., understand rjfjuv. The diplomacy of 
Clearchus appears to be quite a match for that of Artaxerxes. 



CHAP. II. 

The Greeks joining Ariaeus resolve to return with him to Ionia. After a 
day's march, they arrive at some Babylonian villages. In the night, 
they are seized with a groundless panic, which is allayed through an 
ingenious pleasantry of Clearchus. 

§ 1. ol Se irapa 'Aptaiov ; see 2, 1, 3 and 5. avrov irapa 'Apiaiy, 

there with Ariaeus ; avrov is often in this way more exactly defined by a 

preposition with its case, cf. 4, 3, 6 ; 4, 3, 28 ; 4, 2, 22. fiehriovs, 

better, i. e. in respect to birth and rank. ovs (sc. (pair]) . . . fiacriXevov- 

ros, who would not endure his being king ; we should expect here instead 
of the accus. and infin. o% ovk av avacxolvro K.r.K. ; but in indirect narra- 
tion (oratio obliqua) we sometimes find the infin. after a relative pronoun, 
also after &s, ore, irrei, ine^i]. Cf. 5, 7, 18. See Gr. § 345, 6; avrov 

depends on auaax^Qai, Gr. § 27^>, 1. /ceAeuet, sc. ifxas. avros 

belongs to the subject of aTriiyai, that he himself will go away. Gr. 
§ 307, 4. 

§ 2. ovrus regularly refers to what precedes ; but it denotes what fol- 
lows when used as a correlative before uxrre or oaris, and also before an 

epexegetical clause ; as here. Cf. 4, 6, 10 ; 5, 6, 12 and 32. iroielv, 

sc. v[x.as. Before uxnrep \4yere, understand, from the foregoing, xph 



BOOK II. CHAP. II. 28 



o 



vroieTv. oi»5e rovrois, not even to these, as he Lad also concealed Lis 

intention from PLalinus and Lis fellow ambassadors, 2, 1, 23. 

§ 3. levai depends not on frvo/xei/o), but on ovk eyiyvero ra. lepd, sc. 
KaXa, cf. 6, 6, 36 ; 7, 2, 17 ; KaXa is omitted with yiyveoQai also in 6, 4, 

13, and 16, and 17, and 19, and 25 ; and in 6, 5, 2. dpa, manifestly ; 

it is used similarly in 4, 2, 15. ov fxev S-fj, cf. note 1, 9, 13. oiov 

re, possible, sc. eVrt ; otos with re annexed Las regularly the meaning, 

able, possible ; and it often stands as Lere without the verb. ra iiri- 

rrfieia, the requisite means of subsistence. eariv, see Gr. § 35, 1. 

levai, dependent on KaXa. 

§ 4. SenrveTv, exegetical of w&e Tvoietv, and governed in the same way. 
SeiirveTv — Gvanevd^eaQe, a transition from xp'f} with the infin. to the 



imperative, as in § 2, xpr) iroielu — irpdrrzre. ffrifi-fivri, sc. 6 aaXTriyKrrjs 

as it is ordinarily explained ; cf. eaaXiriy^e 1, 2, 17. as auairaveffQai, 

as if to rest ; us denotes that the signal was given only as a pretence to 

deceive the enemy. inl rep rpiroj, on the third (signal). rQ r,yov- 

fxevca is neuter (cf. 2, 4, 26) ; the part (of the army) taking the lead. 

irphs rod irorajjiov, near or next (Tvp6s)from the (denoted by the gen.), in the 
next place this side of the river, or more freely, on the side towards the river. 
Gr. § 298, 1. (1.) ra oirXa, by a common meton. for robs onXiras. 

§ 5. rb Xonr6v, as to the rest, i. e. from that time forth. VPX 6,/ ^ s 

spoken of the chief command. oy% kx6jj.evoi, not having chosen him for 

the commander in chief. Set rbv dpxovra, sc. <ppovelv. 

§ 6. As Kriiger remarks, this section is wholly out of place here ; like 
a considerable number of similar passages it is very likely an interpolation 

from some other work. apiQ^bs r7)s odov, a reckoning of the way ; cf. 

irXrfios rr\s Karafidaews ri]s 68ov, 5, 5, 4. jwox 7 ?? battle-field, so in 5, 

5, 4. ffraOfiol rpels KaX evevr\Kovra : only eighty-four stations from 

Sardis to the battle-field are mentioned in the first book, but it will be 

perceived that the distance from Ephesus purports to be given here. 

e^Kovra Kal rpiaKoaioi, cf. note 1, 8, 2. 

§ 7. row irefav OpaKwy, mentioned 1, 2, 9. as being in all 800 peltasts. 

The Thracian horsemen are mentioned in 1, 5, 13. -qvrojxdXficre from 

avrofioXeoj. 

§ 8. Kara ra iraprjyyeX/jLeva, according to the directions which had been 

announced, § 4 above. r\\v eneivov crparidv = rr\u arparidv avrov, 

only that ene'ivov is more emphatic than avrov ; inewos not unfrequently 
as here refers to an object in immediate proximity with it, instead of 

denoting an object somewhat remote ; cf. 1, 2, 15 ; 1, 3, 1 ; 1, 8, 26. 

fieVas vi>Kras, cf. note 1, 7, 1. eV Ta|et, a construction denoting rest 

with a verb of motion ; instead of which one might expect els rd^iv (cf. 
2, 2, 21 ; 5, 4, 11). But ev and the dat. with a verb of motion involves 



284: NOTES. 

the idea of the rest which succeeds, an idea not distinctly suggested with et\ 

and the accus. ; cf. Gr. § 300, 3. (a.) frefxevoi, sc. ol "EWrjves, not 

simply ol CTpuTTj'yoi. Cf. note on /xaxo'/J.evoi, 1, 8, 27. &e/j.ej/oi t« 

07rA.cs, cf. note 1, 5, 14. p^re — re ; so in Latin sometimes neque — et : 

may be rendered, not only not — but also ; cf. 2, 5, 4 ; 3, 1, 30 ; 4, 3, 6. 
Trpo(rd>iJ.ocrap, swore in addition (irpocr-). 

§ 9. Demosthenes (23, 68) mentions itdirpos, Kpios, and ravpos as being 
used for a solemn sacrifice ; compare also the suovetaurilia of the Romans. 
The wolf seems to have been added to the sacrifice as an animal held 

sacred among the Persians to Ahriman, the god of darkness. els 

aanlda, so that the blood ran into the shield (Hertlein) ; cf. els top iroTa/xSj/, 
4, 3, 18. For the form of the aairls, see Die. Antiqq. art. Clipeus. 

§ 10. ^Aye 817, come now, age vero. 'diri/xev (sc. tV ddbv) yvirep 

^XOo/xeu, shall we withdraw by the way that we came etc. For the govern- 
ment of rjvnep, see Gr. § 278, 1, 2. 

§ 11. airiSvTes sc. t\\v bZov : also, with /nanporepay below, understand 
bH6v. vtto with the gen. (when not used in a local sense) denotes regu- 
larly the agent or doer; then also the acting cause; cf. 1, 5, 5. 

eTTTaKaidena k.t.A., for in seventeen of the nearest marches ; o"ra6(j.u>i/ de- 
notes here the notion of time within which something takes place, and 

hence is put in the gen. Gr. § 273, 4. (b.) ovde Sevpo I6vres, not even 

in coming hither etc. ; much less would they be able to obtain provisions 

from the same country in a second march over the same route. evQa 

is either a demonstrative or a relative adverb ; here the latter : but where 

there was any thing, we etc. airop'fjo'oy.ey, instead of airopeiv by a 

change of construction similar to the one in 1, 3, 15., ireiao/xai instead of 
Treia6fj.evov. 

§ 12. iropevreou ; for the construction of the verbal in rios, see Gr. 

§ 284, 3. (12.) airoffTraa-eSJfjLev, Gr. § 130. (c), o-irdo}. aira^, cf. 

note 1, 9, 10. ovk4tl /r/7 Kvurjrai. The strengthened negation ov ^jA\ 

takes almost always the subjunct. aor. or fut. indie. ; here by the use of 

8w7)tcu the fut. event is contemplated as already present. o"naviel 

Att. fut. from criravifa ; cf. Ka6ie?v, 2, 1, 4. Tavrrju is here a predi- 
cate : this as my opinion. 

§ 13. i\v hvvap.evr\, signified, meant ; the particip. with -f\v is considered 

= ISiWro ; cf. 6, 1, 6, i)v TreirovQ&s, and 6, 4, 24, ^efioriQ^Kores rfcray. 

3) airodpavcu t) airocpvyelv, than to escape by secret or by open flight. Cf. 

1, 4, 8. eV 5e|i(j e%- rbv rjhiov, i. e. towards the north, since it 

was not far from the autumnal equinox, when the sun rises exactly in 
the east. 

§ 14. tovto, in this ; cf. 1, 8, 11. en 5e, furthermore. eSo£ai/ 

dpav, they imagined they saw. ra>v 'EXk^vwv depends on the subject 



BOOK II. CHAP. II. 285 

of ideov, the antecedent of o'l, those of the Greeks who etc. irerpwro, 

Gr. § 161, 22. 

§ 15. elffiv . . . viixoivro. For a similar change of mood, cf. 2, 1, 2 and 

3 ; 3, 5, 13 ; 4, 5, 10 and 28. yefxoivTO with the neut. plur., cf. -7,0-av, 

1, 2, 23. icrTparoiredevero, the mood but not the tense of the oratio 

recta is here retained ; cf. fy, 1, 2, 21 ; icppSvei and ^crav, 2, 2, 5 ; rfcrav, 

ei2. 3, 1, 2; elxez/, 7, 8, 2. iced yap /cat, elenim etiam, unusual in 

Attic writers ; and (the king was doubtless encamped somewhere near)^?' 
a smolce also etc. 

§ 16. airQipr]K6ras (air6, etprjita), fut. airepu, aor. atv^Lirov ', in 1, 5, 3, 

arrayopevu) is used as a corresponding pres., wearied out, exhausted. 

ovTas after a verbum sentiendi, Gr. § 310, 4. (a.) evducopov, forthwith, 

an unusual word. aywv (and above ^yey) used absolutely, marching. 

— — robs irpdorovs, the first, the foremost, i. e. the van. Kal aura, ret 

£vAa, even the very timbers. ret airb tu>v oikiwv |uAa, an abbreviated 

expression which we can easily render into English ; expressed in full = 
rot, iv reus oIkIciis £v\a airb toqv oIki&u Scfipiracrro k.t.A. ; cf. tovs e/c rcov 
irSXeasv — robs iv ra?s irSAecriv e/c ray tt6\. 1, 2, 3 ; rcoy irapa /3cunAeW = 
ru>y irapa /SacnAei irapa ffaffiXtcos, 1, 1, 5. See Gr. § 300, 4. 

§ 17. opens, nevertheless, notwithstanding the fact that the villages were 

plundered and laid waste by the king. ctkotolol irpacriouTes, coming up 

in the darkness ; adjectives denoting time very often, those denoting place 
less frequently, stand instead of adverbs. Gr. § 264, 3 ; so also in Latin, 
And. & St. Gr. § 215, Rem. 15. — ■ — Cos irvyxayoy c/cacrToi, as they sever- 
ally happened, sc. av\i£6p.evoi. Kpauyrjy iiroiovv ; one would sooner ex- 
pect iiroiovyro, yet the act. is found with Kpavyyy, Cyr. 3, 1, 4 ; Hel. 6, 

4, 16. wcrre followed by the indie, denoting an actual consequence or 

result, may be rendered wherefore. Cf. note 1, 7, 7. 

§ 18. i^eirXayn from iKir\r}TT(a. Kal /3acnAeus, the king also ; not 

simply ol iyyvrara t&v iroAe/xicoy § 17. ols ry vcrrepaia eirparre, by 

what he did on the next day. See 2, 3, 1. 

§ 19. oTov, sc. &6pvfSov Kal Sovttop, the subject of ytyyeaOai, dependent 
on eli<6s, sc. icrri, such as it is natural should arise etc. 

§ 20. Twy t6tc, sc. K7\pvKtov. rovroy, in apposition with TohulS-nv, 

is expressed for the sake of perspicuity on account of the intervening clause. 

Cf. Kal ravras, 1, 10, 18 ; ravTTjy, 2, 5, 11. aiy\\v KaraKripv^aura ; 

heralds always proclaimed silence before they made any announcement. 

Cf. Hel. 2, 4, 20. Toy acpeyra . . . oirKa, the one who let loose the ass 

among the heavy armor ; tov before ivov implies that the ass had been the 
cause of the uproar, — a joke invented by Clearchus to quell the panic. « 
to oir\a denotes here the place (the front of the camp) where the arms 
were stacked. Cf. 2, 4, 15 ; 3, 1, 33 ; 5, 7, 21. 



286 NOTES. 

§ 21. yirep, in what manner, as. ^X ov > use & absolutely, they had 

themselves, they were drawn up. Cf. 6, 4, 11, eT^e ; Cyr. 6, 3, 21, €%eTe. 



CHAP. III. 

Further negotiations between the Persians and Greeks, ending in a treaty, 
the terms of which were that the Persians should faithfully conduct 
the Greeks back to Ionia, providing them with a market ; and that the 
Greeks in turn should purchase their supplies or obtain them without 
damage to the country. 

§ 1. "O . . . typatya, 2, 2, 18. TjJSe, in the following manner. 

ire/ATTa)]/, without object (ayyeAovs) as often ; cf. 1, 1, 8 ; 3, 1, 27. 

7]\icp, see note 1, 10, 15. 

§ 2. &XP 1 °- v <TX°^ ff Vi i ns ^ead of &XP 1 o'X ^ ' 616 *'* as the clause de- 
pends on a historic tense of the indie, until he should be at leisure ; a 
haughty reply, but it appears from the context to have been well-timed, 
and judicious. 

§ 3. &<rre . . . irvKvfiv. In this clause, Hertlein proposes to govern 
6pacr0ai by -KVKvi\v, but acknowledges that the position is unusual. Kriiger 
supplies Kat before bpao-Qai. Why not govern bpaadai by kclXws (Gr. § 30G, 
1. (d.) ? and render, so that it presented a fine appearance (lit. so that it was 
beautiful to be seen) (being) on all sides a dense phalanx. Instead of bpa- 
cr6ai, the act. bpav with tbis construction would be more common. Gr. 
§ 306, Rem. 10. ixrfiva rather than ovdeva because Sxrre is here fol- 
lowed by the infin. ; cf. note 1, 7, 7. 

§ 4. irpbs ro?s ayyeXois, near the messengers. Gr. § 298. II. ■ 

&vdpes . . . ecrourai, being men who were competent etc. icovrai, the 

form of the oratio recta, in the midst of oblique narration. Many instances 
of this sort have already been noticed. 

§ 5. cipurTOV . . . 'iffriv, for there is not a brealcfast. ou8' b roXfx^j- 

(Twv, nor is he the person that will dare etc. /xr) Tropicas : the particip. 

with pA\ denotes a condition. Gr. § 318, 5, 

-§ 6. t\kov, came back ; cf. tj£o>, 2, 1, 9 ; i\66vres, 2, 1, 1. <p, by 

which, wherefore. elKora, things that were reasonable. donoTev has 

the same subject as eAeyo;/ ; 7]K0iey (like t\kov), had come bade. iav . . . 

yevcovTcu, fut. perf. in meaning. Gr. § 255, Rem. 9. — — evQev = e/cetce 
evOev, to that place from which; cf. oQev, 1, 3, 17. 

§ 7. 6 5e, i. e. Clearchus. o"ir4v5oiro, should conclude a treaty. 

avrols to7s aj/dpd<ri, with the men themselves, with the men alone, to the exclu- 
sion of those whom they represented. As this expression is not sufficiently 
denned, an exegetical clause is added, rote iovcrt kou cmiovaiv, those coming 



BOOK II. CHAP III. 287 



and going away, i. e. the Persian commissioners. — 
c-xovo'aL In this whole conference, Clearchus affects for himself and the 
Greeks a perfect indifference to the treaty ; thus placing the king as far as 
possible in the attitude of a suppliant. 

§ 8. /j.erao'Tvcrcijj.iuos, having removed. Notice the force of perd in 

composition ; L. & S., sub voce, G. in compos. VIII. id6icei, it seemed 

(expedient). ko.9' rjcrvxiav, quietly, i. e. undisturbed by the enemy. 

iirl, after, i. e. in order to get and bring ; cf. 5, 1, 5 ; 6, 2, 2 ; 7, 6, 

2 and 3. In the next section, irp6s means simply to. 

§ 9. uv oKvi\acjo(nv, shall have become uneasy, afraid. aTrodSty, it 

may seem inexpedient. iroi^aao-Qat. With verbs containing the notion 

of fearing, hindering, denying, refusing (here curoS^), the accompanying 
infin. regularly takes the negative. Cf. 1, 3, 2. See Gr. § 318, 8 ; there 
are however many exceptions to this rule, as here ; after KtoXveiv, fx-f] is 
more frequently omitted. 

§ 10. rdcppois iced avXiaoiv, ditches and canals ; the latter denoting 
something larger than the former. These had been made for the purpose 

of irrigating the land ; cf. § 13 below. &s = (Lore as in 1, 5, 10. 

Siafidcreis as distinguished from ye<pvpai, regularly constructed bridges, 
denotes a temporary means of crossing ; and may be rendered here tem- 
porally bridges ; cf. 3, 5, 9. robs Se, but others, corrects the too general 

statement o'L f^aav iKTreirrcoKSres ; they used not simply the palm-trees 
which were already fallen, but they also cut some down. Cf. ol hi icai, 1, 
5, 13 ; and note on 5, 4, 31. 

§ 11. KKtapxov . . . iirecrdrei, lit. to learn Clearchus how he governed, 
by anticipation (jrpSAnipis) for Kara/xadeli/ ws K\eapxos iireoTdrei, to learn 
how Clearchus governed. Cf. 1, 1, 5, note on tu>j/ fiapfidpeav eVe/xeAetYo k.t.A.. 

fiaKTrjpiav. Flogging was not uncommon in the Spartan armies, and 

hence the Spartan generals were in the habit of carrying a stick. Cf. 7tAtj- 

yds ive(3a\ev, 1, 5, 11. irpbs tovto, i. e. Siafidcreis Troie?a6ai. rbv 

imTifieioy, the one who deserved (it, i. e. TraleoOai). i-Tcaicrev dv, cf. note 

on av acpeiXero, 1, 9, 19. pA\ is here prefixed to oh o-vG-irovo'dfav on 

account of the notion of refusing implied in alffxyv-qv elvai. Gr. § 318, 8. 
The Eng. idiom does not admit of our rendering it. 

§ 12. ol rpidtcovra err\ yeyov6res t those who had become thirty years of 
age, including without doubt all the soldiers who were younger that that. 
Hence Kruger's conjecture ol els or ol ovtto) rp. ex. 757. is very probably 
the true reading. 

§ 13 o'ia Tt> ireStov dpdeiv, such as to, or suited to irrigating the plain. 
It was now near the middle of autumn. The fields were irrigated in the 

summer to prepare them for the sowing in the early autumn. dcpei- 

tcii'cu (from depi-npii), in like manner we say in English to have let eto. 



288 NOTES. 

§ 14. dlvos (poiviKav, cf. 1, 5, 10. #|os k.t.A.., a sour drink made 

from the same by boiling. 

§ 15. aiveKeivTO, were laid up ; cf. aTroKelfxevov, 5, 4, 27. al 8e, but 

some, airoXeKTOL, of a choice quality. 7/AeVrpou instead of yAeicrpov 

oipecos, a species of brachyology very common in Greek and Latin. We 

should say the appearance differed in no respect from (that of) amber. 

ras 5e rivas, but some others. With 6 jxiv and 6 8e, rls is often united. Cf. 

3, 3, 19 ; 5, 7, 16. rpayfjfxara, in apposition with ras 5e rivets. 

r)v, it was, the subject being indefinite. The reference is to the dried fruits 

just mentioned. Tvapa ivorov, at a banquet. For a full account of the 

o-v/j.Tr6o~iov or tt6tos, see Die. Antiqq. art. Symposium. 

§ 16. rbv iyK£(pa\ov, the pith, taken from the young shoots. rr\v 

IdLOTrjra rr)s 7)8., its peculiar and delicious favor. With the meaning of tt)s 
nSovrjs, cf. 7)5u § 15, H\aQt], 1, 9, 26. 

§ 17. yvvaucos, her name according to Plut. Artax. 5. was Statira. 
7j/ce, used aoristically, cf. note 1, 2, 6. 

§ 18. a/j.'fixava, inextricable, predicated of evils or dangers against 
which no remedy or defence can be found. evpypLa k-Koit]o-6.n.-r)v, I con- 
sidered it an unexpected good fortune. Cf. eicoiovvro, 6, 1, 11. alrr)- 

aacrdai Sovyai ifj.ol airocraaai ; for a similar accumulation of infinitives, 
see 7, 6, 30 : to obtain by request that he would grant to me to conduct in safety. 

av ovk is uncommon instead of ovk av ; by the present order the 

negative is connected immediately with axaptarus. With axaplcrrws 

tX €ll/ i t0 oe without gratitude, compare evvo'itccos *X eLV * 1, 1? 5 ; nanus €%., 
1, 5, 16 ; ivTijxois €%., 2, 1, 7. irpos, on the part of. 

§ 19. avrcp Kvpov iiricrrparevovra, that Cyrus was marching against him; 
the accus. and particip. with ayyeXXta is much less frequent than the accus. 

with the infin. irpwros tfyyeiAa, see 1, 2, 4. 8ir)\acra, 1, 10, 7. 

avT<2, sc. Tw fiaaiXei. 

§ 20. (3ov\evcracr9ai, see note 1, 2, 2. ■ ipecrBai, to ash, to enquire of; 
a defective verb, the tenses which are wanting being supplied by ipwrdco. 
diairpd£ao~Qai, to bring about, to obtain. 

§ 21. /xeracrrdvres, cf. note on jxeraar7]o~djj.evos, 2, 3, 8 ; recollect also 
that the perf., plupei'f., and 2d aor. of 'icrrrn-u are in trans, in the act. voice. 

Z\eyev, spoke, acted as speaker. Cf. 2, 5, 39 ; 3, 3, 3. eVt, Kriiger 

conjectures us iiri, cf. 1, 2, 1. 

§ 22. rjo~xvv8r]iJ.ev : for the construction of alo'x vvo l xai w i tn ^ e accus., 
see Gr. § 279, 5 : we felt ashamed both before gods and men etc. ; for the 
difference between the particip. and the infin. with aio^x^vo/xaL, see Gr. 

§ 311, 14. Cf. 2, 5, 39. r)/xas avrovs is simply reflexive, no special 

emphasis resting on avrovs. irapexovres . . . iroieTv, lit. yielding our- 
selves (to Cyrus) to do well (by us) ; i. e. suffering ourselves to receive 
favors from him. 



BOOK II. CIIAP. IV. 289 

§ 23. fiacriXe? aurnroiovLieOa ttJs dp%>js ; cf. 2, 1, 11, avrtp rr/s apxfjs 

avTiiroieircu ; fSa&iXe'i, like avrcS, dat. incommodi. ovr . . . eVe/co, nor 

is there (any thing) for which ; e<rrij/ lias for its subject the implied ante- 
cedent of otov. adiKowra, any person who injures (us), the object of 

a/xi/j/acrOai. virapxxii begins, is first, as in 5, 5, 9. tovtov 7)tt7]ct6- 

/xeOa, we shall not be inferior to this one, or, behind this one. Gr. § 275, 1. 
— -. — els, according to. Gr. § 290, 2. (3.) 

§ 2-1. tJ/cco, cf. note on i\66i/res, 2, 1, 1. \.iev6vT<x>v, imperat. 

ayopav irapex^iv is the regular expression signifying to furnish a market 
where provisions are sold. Cf. §§ 26 and 27 below ; also 3, 1, 2. 

§ 25. els, cf. note on els, 1, 7, 1. diaireirpayixevos irapa fSaai\eu>s 

SoO^uai avT$ au^eiv, having obtained from the king that it should be granted 
to him (Tissaphernes) to rescue etc. With <x<L£eiv robs "EWnuas, compare 

airoauaai ifxas els rr]v 'EWada. &^iov, worth the while, becoming, = irpe- 

ttov, as in 7, 3, 19. eavrou, instead of avrov, because fiaaiXel is the 

subject of a.<pelvai on which the clause containing the reflexive is imme- 
diately dependent. a<pelvai (comp. airb 'injxi), to dismiss, let go. 

§ 26. TeAos, finally, cf. 1, 10, 13. ^ (ify, surely, certainly, used 

particularly with oaths, asseverations, or solemn promises. Gr. § 31C, 1. (a.) 

tf firjv irape^etu, that we will certainly guarantee. The subject of icapi- 

£eiv is 7]/xas understood ; <pi\iav is an adjective agreeing with x&P av -> use ^ 

here as a predicate; Gr. § 245, 3. (b.) a86kws, in good faith, used 

very commonly in solemn promises and in treaties. Cf. 2, 2, 8 ; 3, 2, 24. 
ottou . . . ?/, and wherever it may not be (possible). 

§27. v/xas 6/.i6aai (from ujivvlli), that you should give your oath. 

TropevecOai by a rhetorical figure for iropevaeaOai, the fut. being conceived 

of as already present. 8ia (piklas, sc. ttjs x&pas, cf. 1, 3, 14. 

Qeiv, according to Kriiger, depends on 8er)o~ei, v/xas being understood as its 
subject. 

§ 29. us = irp6s before the names of persons ; cf. 1, 2, 4. eTretSav 

Siarrpd^ufxai, fut. perf. in meaning ; Gr. § 255, Rem. 9. & SeoLiai y cf. 

note on el ri Seorro, 1, 3, 4. 

CHAP. IV. 

The Greeks suspecting the sincerity both of Ariaeus and of Tissaphernes 
march and encamp by themselves. Both armies cross over to the left 
bank of the Tigris, and proceed as far as the river Zabatas. 

§ 1. avayKaioi, kinsmen ; cf. iiriTyb'eios, and in Latin, necessarius. 

Tlepa&v rives, sc. acpiKvovvrai. evioi is considered as in apposition with 

rives ; cf. 5, 5, 11 ; 6, 6, 34. Sepias ecpepov, brought assui-unces. They 

IS 



290 NOTES. 

presented the right hand as the sign of a solemn promise in the name oi 
the king ; in Ages. 3, 4, 8e£iav TrefXTreiv is predicated of the king himself. 

fivrj<riKaKT)(r€u/, with (Zao-iXea as its subject, depends on de^as e<pepop 

as containing the idea of a promise. ttjs eVt- and aXXov ju?j5-, gen. 

of cause ; Gr. § 274, 1. rcau Txaptox^^vuiv (from Tra.poixofj.aL), of the 

things that were past. 

§ 2. ol irepl 'ApiaTov, Ariaeus and his men ; Gr. § 263, d. "We learn 
from Hell. 4, 1, 27. that Ariaeus afterwards revolted a second time from 
the king. Trpoaexovres rov vovv with the dat., giving the mind to, atten- 
tive to. Kal dia rovro, on this account also, aside from other reasons. 

Trpocn6vT€s i sc. ol iroXXol t5>v 'EX- . to?s fiev ttoXXoTs, a correla- 
tive of KXeapxos Se, § 5 "below. t<£ KX- , dat. with eXeyov. 

§ 3. ?)', instead of t), used chiefly in indirect questions ; and in " such 
direct questions as follow a general question and suggest the answer 

thereto, like Lat. an." L. & S. Trepl iravrSs, cf. note on Trepl irXeto'Tov, 

1, 9, 7. crpareveiv instead of rod ffrpareveiv, dependent on (pSfios, 

cf. 3, 1, 18 ; hut in 4, 4, 11, aviffTacrQai without rov dependent on okvos. 

virdyerai, he through deceit induces, cf. vTri)yeTO, 2, 1, 18. outoJ 

dat. incom. with dieo"irdp6ai. aXtaOrj from aXlfa, a poetic word. — — 

ovk eariu oizcas ovk iTriO-fjcrerai, lit. there is not any way that he will not attack, 
i. e. he will certainly at all events attach ; cf. 4, 5, 31. 

§ 4. ov . . . $ovXi)o~eTai, he will never consent, voluntarily at least etc. 
roaoide means either so many or so Jew, the context alone determin- 
ing which of these specific ideas it denotes ; here, so few. eVl ra?s 

&vpais avrov, a hyperbole as in 3, 1, 2. KarayeXdaavTes, cf. Kara- 

yeXav, 1, 9, 13. 

§ 5. Kal ravra irdvra, all these things also, as well as other things. 

itrl TroXejj.0), for war, denoting purpose ; Gr. § 296, II. (3.) (c.) oQev 

must also be connected with irapel-ei : nor will any one furnish places from 

which etc. — eirLO-LTiov^eQa, Att. fut. mid. of eTricririCw, Gr. § 117. 

o i)yr]d'6ixGvos . . . ecrrai, lit. the one who will act as guide will be nobody, 

i. e. there will be no one to act as guide ; cf. 6 roXfj.'fio'wy, 2, 3, 5. For 

the meaning of the fut. kffri^ta, see Gr. § 173, Bern. 2. ol Tvp6o-Qev 

oures, sc. (piXoi, even those being formerly (friends') icill be etc. 

§ 6. TroTafiSs is placed hefore el to give it more prominence and em- 
phasis. Cf. eirl re ri)s KecpaXrjs to oVAa ei ns <pepoi, 4, 3, 6. apa, 

perchance, denoting that the supposition is not improbable. SiafiaTeos, 

that must be crossed; Gr. § 284, 3. (12.) 5' ovv, but at all events, 

presents a fixed fact contrasted with a mere conjecture ; cf. 1, 2, 12. 

o'loafiev an unusual form instead of tcrfxev. ov jxev 5t), cf. note on 1, 9, 

13. linrcis. They had already gone over to the Persians (2, 2, 7). 

vikuvtcs, in case we should conquer ; the participle for the sake of 



BOOK II. CHAP. IV. 291 

conciseness often takes the place of a conditional clause. So r\rT7}fj.4vo>v, 
should we be conquered. 

§ 7. /3acnA.ea is the subject of bfi6crai, and avr6u is repeated for th6 

sake of perspicuity, on account of the intervening clauses. to arvft.- 

lioLya, the means of making an attach, the resources. '6, ri, in what re- 
spect, why ; '6, ri instead of ri , because it is an indirect question. 

&eovs iiropKriffcu, swear falsely by the gods ; cf. 3, 1, 22 ; Gr. § 279, 4. 

§ 8. els oIkop ', to his province Caria. Hell. 3, 2, 12 : Kapia, zvQairep 
6 Ti<rcra(p4pvovs oIkos. iirl yd/xcp, not for marriage, but rather in mar- 
riage, i. e. as his wife ; since the nuptials had doubtless been celebrated in 
Babylon ; and in 3, 4, 13, the expression rov r)r\v fiaaiAecos Svyartpo, 
tX 0VT °s i s tlse( i °f Orontas. This can hardly mean any thing else than 
that he was already married. So Kriiger. 

§ 10. v<popa>vres (vtt6 and bpaoj), looking with suspicion upon. -■ avroi 

i<p' kavrwv, themselves by themselves. yyt/iSms, guides. — €vOi>?, 

immediately. 

§ 11. £vAi£6fAevoi e/c rov avrov ; like the Eng. idiom, while gathering 
wood from the same place. Expressed logically in full, it would be, |uAt- 
£6[mgvoi eV t<£ avT<2 Ka\ e£ avrov KOjJuty^evoi ; cf. e« ravrrjs r /)y6pa£ov k.t.A., 
1, 5, 10. TrXyyas ivereivov, cf. TrArjyas ivefiaXev, 1, 5, 11. 

§ 12. KaXovfj.evov, so called; cf. 1, 2, 13. eur&> avrov, within it, 

i. e. on the eastern side, towards Babylon. irXivBois birrals, burnt bricks, 

in distinction from those which are di-ied in the sun. iv aacpahrcf, 

which was very commonly used as mortar, and served an excellent pur- 
pose ; cf. Herod. 1, 179. tcoSwi/ depends on reix°s the implied subject 

of r t y. This passage, says Kiepert, shows what cannot be inferred 

from the imperfect and somewhat careless account of the preceding 
marches (2, 1, 3), that the Greeks had gone back two or three days' 
march, by the way that they had come, along the bank of the Euphrates 
or near the river, and had already passed the Median wall, so as to be on 
the west side of it, the side towards Mesopotamia ; eftro) avrov conse- 
quently means on the side towards Babylon or the eastern side. 'A-rrexei 
$e BafSvAavos ov iroXv is a remark so idle and inaccurate that it can 
scarcely be considered any thing else than a gloss. 

§ 13. rr\v 5' i^€vy/xeur}v, lit. the other joined together, Lat. junctam, i.e. 
the other being furnished with a temporary bridge consisting of seven 
boats. The Greeks said either ^vyvvvai irorafj.6u (Sidbpvxa) as here, or 

^evyvvvai ye<pvpav, as in § 24 below. i\o~av curb : it is not uncommon 

to unite eivat with prepositions or adverbs expressing motion ; cf. elalu e/c, 

1, 2, 7. Karerirp.if]vro (/caret, re/xj/oo), there had been cut. tcaTrep, SC. 

Kararerfirjvrai. fieXivas here means fields on which /jLeXivn is grown. 

§ 14. Sivdpicu is probably dependent on irapatieiaov, since Zacrvs else- 






292 NOTES. 

where always takes the dative. The clause would then be read, near a largh 
and beautiful, and dense park (consisting) of etc. ol Se fSaptHapoi, sc. 

§ 15. ottXuv, cf. note on ra oir\a, 2, 2, 20. ?5oj, might see, i. e. 

have an interview with. na\ ravra, and iliat too; cf. 1, 4, 12. 

&v agrees with the subject of i^rei, &v9pooir 6s tis. 

§ 16. on, cf. note 1, 6, 8. e7re,ui|/e, in the sing., agrees with the 

nearest subject and is understood with the more remote ; an idiom not 
uncommon. Cf. -f\v, 1, 2, 3 ; kiraivoi-f), 6, 1, 16. 

§ 17. ti]V y£<pvpav : the bridge of boats mentioned again § 21 below. 
In § 13 above, yi<pvpa denotes a regularly constructed bridge in distinction 

from a mere bridge of boats, a pontoon. u>s before b\iavoe?Tcu is causal, 

since ; before p}} Sia/Jjjre, it is final, in order that. ttjs diupvxos, the 

one mentioned § 13, over which the bridge of boats was constructed. 

§ 19. a.Ko\ov6a, consistent. Wherein the two things threatened were 

inconsistent or incompatible with each other, appears from the sequel. 

re — Kai ; we should expect here from the sense Kai only ; instead of tbe 

simple Kai, re — Kai stands also in 1, 5, 11 ; 1, 10, 4 ; 4, 8, 1. iiri- 

TiGn/xeyovs, the persons making an attack, agrees with the implied subject 
of vikclv and r/TTaadai. —— aooBcofiei/, (as in the next § <pvya>cnv, and 
in 1, 7, 7, $£,) since exoifiev &v does not differ greatly in sense from e|o- 

pev. o-iroi, (a place) to which ; the antecedent of tbe relative adverb 

like that of the relative pronoun being often omitted. 

§ 20. ttoVtj tls, about how large ; rls is often joined in this way to 
adjectives denoting quantity. X^P a Vi see Gr. § 245, 3. (a.) 

§ 22. vTroirep.-tyat.ev ; vn6 in composition denotes, from the general idea 
under, the notion secretly. Instead of Tceptyaitv, the other form iripL-tyeiav 

would be more common ; Gr. § 116, 9. evQev fj.hu . . . evQev Se, on the 

one side . . . on the other side ; cf. 3, 5, 7. t&v . , . iuovrcav, there being 

in (it) persons who would till (the land) ; a clause in the gen. abs. connected 

to a gen. governed by a preposition ; cf. note 1, 10, 6. ipyd£eo-6ai, 

to work, is used particularly to denote agricultural labor. airoo'TpoipT] 

yevoiro, it might become a place of refuge ; airoorpocpr) = Karacpvyri, as in 
7, 6, 34. 

§ 23. ojxois, nevertheless, i. e. although they thought there was no occa- 
sion for alarm or solicitude ; cf. 2, 2, 17. 

§ 24. ws oTov re pdAurra, as much as possible ; TrecpvAayfxevoos, adv. 

being on their guard. tuv irapd, cf. note 1, 1, 5. SiafSaivovrcov, 

gen. abs. ; the dat. Siafiaivovcn might have been expected here ; cf. note 

on UvTtav, 1, 4, 12. $X eT0 a-ireKavvuv, he departed riding away, or 

simply, he rode away ; cureKavj/ow added to a>x* ro * s not a mer e tautology 
since it tells how be went away. 



BOOK II. CHAP. V. 293 

§ 25. w/ce?TO, was situated ; cf. note on oiKov/xeynv, 1, 4, 1. 

§ 26. els dvo, two abreast ; but in 7, 1, 23, ets oktw denotes the depth 
of the line. The depth of the line is also denoted by eVt with the gen. ; 
e. g. eirl rerrdpccv, four deep, 1, 2, 15 ; but in 5, 2, 6, eVt with the gen. 
denotes also the width of the line. Hence the connection must determine 

the precise meaning of both expressions. aAAore koX aAAore icpio-rd- 

uevos, halting now and then. to r,yo('ixevov, the van, (cf. 2, 2, 4) ; it is 

the object of eVicrpjo-eje, all the time that he made the van of the army to halt. 
r)]v iirio-Tacriv, the halt. 

§ 27. MnSias ; the land on the eastern side of the middle Tigris. It was 
originally called Athur (Hebrew and Phoenician Ashur, whence the Greek 
Aaavpia). After the Assyrian empire had been overthrown by the Medes, 
the country took the name of Mvdia. Herod, calls it MaTinvr), whereas 
the name Assyria is applied by him exclusively to Babylonia. In the 
time of Alexander the Great and later, this country was again called 

Assyria. Uapvo-driSos Kcbfxas. From the distance they had marched, 

these must have been somewhere near the mouth of the Lesser Zab ? a con- 
siderable stream, the passage of which one would expect to find mentioned. 

This seems to have been forgotten in speaking of the pillage. Kvpy 

iireyye\a>i' (iirt, eV, ye\dw), insulting Cyrus, as an insult to Cyrus. ttAV 

avSpan6dwv, but not to reduce the inhabitants to servitude ; the full expression 
would be, tt\)]v avdpairodifcadat robs avOpwirovs ouk iirerpeipe. 

§ 28. Kaivai, later in the Roman and Parthian wars, called Kanae, 
Maschane or Marchane, (probably the Assyrian commercial city Canneh, 
mentioned in Ezekiel 27, 23.) Its ruins are still in existence and some 

remains of Assyrian sculpture have recently been found there. £w\ cr^. 

hup-, on rafts (made) of tanned shins. Arrian. Anab. 3, 20, 4, describes 
something similar. uprovs, rupovs, olvov. Asyndeton is often em- 
ployed in the enumeration of different objects. * Cf. 3, 1, 3 ; 3, 4, 31 ; 4, 
4, 9 ; 4, 5, 31 ; 6, 6, 1. 



CHAP. V. 

During a halt of three days at the river Zabatus (the Greater Zab), Clear- 
chus seeks and obtains an interview with Tissaphernes. He is so far 
deceived by the wily Persian that he takes with him four other gene- 
rals and twenty captains for a second interview. The Greek generals 
are made prisoners and the captains are put to the sword. Ariaeus 
repairs at once to the Grecian camp and demands an immediate sur- 
render. Cleanor in behalf of the Greeks returns a reproachful answer. 

i 

§ 1. Zairdras (cf. 3, 3, 6.), Syriac Zaba, i. e. "Wolf; hence called by 

the later Greeks Avkos ; it is still called the Greater Zab (Syriac Sab). 

viro^lai, occasions for distrust. 



r 



294 NOTES. 

§ 2. iravcr cu rds viro^ias connected by nai to cvyyevicQai, and under- 
stood with ovvairo. epovvra (indie, ipw, the fat. of (prj/x^ to say. — — 

avr<p, i. e. tw Tiffo~a<p£pvei. 

§ 3. Txrffacpepj/ri, instead of Turffacpepves. See Gr. § 71. A. i)fxas 

dependent on tpvXarr6fxevov, guarding yourself against us etc. 

§ 4. ovre has for its correlative rh after iyco ; cf. note on pA\re — re, 2, 

2, 8. a'ladeaOai instead of cdo-OdveaOcu is rare : the aorist infin. would 

be aiadecrdai. roiovrov ovdev, any such thing, i. e. to do injury to you. 

els \6yovs coi d\6e?v, to enter into a conference with you. — — ii-e\oi- 

/xev, from i^aipew, I take away from. 

§ 5. dvOpdirovs, which denotes the whole is in the same case with robs 
fxcv, and robs oe, which denote the parts, instead of the gen. avQp&irwv. 

This kind of apposition is not uncommon. o% <po$r)6evres . . . fiov\6- 

fxevoi . . . i770L7](Tav, instead of (pofi-qQevras . . . f$ov\ojj.evovs . . . Troi^ffav- 
ras. To avoid such an accumulation of participles, the present construc- 
tion (unusual with o78a) was chosen. (pofi-ndej/res, having feared, is 

regularly used as aor. mid. (pQdcrai . . . TradeTv, wishing to anticipate 

(the others) before they suffered (any thing). For the two accusatives 

nana, and robs k.t.A., with e-Koi-qcav, see Gr. § 280, 2. 

§ 6. dyvafiocrvvas, a milder expression for ddii^fiara, as ayy^/xav is 
used for ddiKos, 7, 6, 23. 

§ 7. Trpwroy . . . jxeyiffrov, for (to speak of that which is) first and most 

important ; cf. 1, 3, 10 ; 5, 6, 29. fj.ev is correlative with 5e, § 8. 

ol &ewv opuoi, our oaths to the gods ; cf. 6, 1, 31, bjxvvci} freovs, I swear by 

the gods. rovrwv, i. e. rcoy &eav, depends on TrapT]/u.eXr]Kcos. rbv 

Seuv Tr6\e/u.ov, war with the gods, object of dirocpevyoi. airb ttolov 

rdxovs, with tchat speed. In this and similar expressions the means seems 
to be conceived of as the beginning of the action, the starting-point ; cf. 1, 

1, 9 ; 2, 6, 5. For the difference between dirocpevyoo and aTrodidpdo~ica), 

cf. note on 1, 4, 8. diroo~raiw, with this also rby &ewv Tr6\efj.ov may be 

supplied, nor how (fleeing) into a stronghold he might escape from the war 
with the gods. So Kriig. and Hert. Cf. dtpiaravrai rbv rjAiov virb rds 

oKids. Cyneg. 3, 3. ttolov stands regularly in a direct question, ottws 

in an indirect. For a similar change (from the indirect to the direct 

interrogative), see 3, 5, 13, Truvrrj Trdvra, Travraxf} Trdvrtav, cf. note 

1, 9, 2 ; cf. also Tricrra dinar a, 2, 4, 7. "lo'ov, adv. alike, equally. 

§ 8. ols relates to the more remote noun frewy. nareOejxeQa, have 

deposited it (rrjv (piXiav), as a consecrated offering which neither party has 

any right to remove from its place Qirapa ro7s &eo7s). rS>v dvdpcvirivtvv, 

in contrast with irepl rwv frecov, dependent on piyiarov dyaQov. 

§ 9. Tvacra 6d6s, every way ; but iraaa i) 656s, all the toay, the entire 
journey. (pofiepwrarov instead of cpofiepwrdrri ; cf. diropov, 3, 2, 22 ; 



BOOK II. CHAP. V. 295 

irovnpSv, 3, 4, 35 ; aAeetj/oV, 4, 4, 11. See Gr. § 241, 2. Noti >e the 

paranoraasia <po$ep6s. ) (poffepuraTov ; cf. 2, 4, 7, and § 7 above. 

§ 10. [j.avevTGS, aor. of /jiaivofxai, having become destitute ofrcasoi.. 

&AAo rt a;/ ^, an elliptical expression with which one may supply mentally 
(before tf) yevoiro, would any thing else happen than ; or perhaps iroioT/xev, 

should zee do any thing else than. tcpzdpov means properly the athlete 

who, when the number of combatants was uneven, had no one matched 
against him, and who consequently waited to contend with fresh strength 
against the already exhausted victor ; hence it denotes secondarily a dan- 
gerous antagonist. 

§ 11. rwv t6t€, cf. 2, 2, 20 ; in this clause understand avr6v as the 

subject of ilvai. r-ftv re . . . exovro, possessing both the military power 

and the country of Cyrus. Cf. Hell. 3, 1, 3. tV 5e fiao~i\e(>>s ovvajAiv, 

sc. Spot). ravTrjv, cf. note on rovrov, 2, 2, 20. 

§ 12. offris, that he ; cf. 7, 1, 28. ipa> yap nai, for I will tell also ; 

yap has reference to the thought implied after aAAa (xi)v, but furthermore 
(we can become useful to you) for etc. ; cf. 3, 2, 11. 

§ 13. av itapao-y/Lv has the same subject as vofj-lfa, whom I think that 

1 might render etc. aAAa %Qvr\ ; as the Lycaonians 3, 2, 23 ; the Car- 

duchians 3, 5, 16. Concerning the Mysians see note 1, 6, 7 ; and the 

Pisidians, see note 1, 1, 11 ; and the Egyptians, see note 1, 8, 9. av 

iravaai, I should make to cease. — ■ — ivox^-ovvra agrees with a. • rr/s 
. . . ovarjs instead of v) tj/ . . . ovffr/, I see not by the use of what allied force 
you could better punish (them, i. e. the Egyptians) than by using that which is 
now with me. 

§ 14. Observe the difference between rep dat. of rls, and tw the dat. 

of the article. us before /xtyto'Tos is intensive, the very greatest ; before 

BeairSTris, it signifies as. e^s, sc. e^ay rjfxas vicripiras. avaarpi- 

(poio, sc. &v, you might conduct yourself as master etc. ; cf. 1, 6, 2, where &v 
is expressed with the first optative (in the apodosis) and understood with 

the others. ttjs x^P lT0S t su Ppty eVe«a from the preceding clause. 

■f)s, object of e^oiyuej/, attracted to the case of the antecedent. 

§ 15. to ovo^ia, rls, an unusual form of expression. We should expect 
either the omission of to uvop.a (in which case it would read, / should most 
gladly hear icho"), or else to ovo/xa rovrov, oar is (I should most gladly hear 
tJie name of him who). oeivbs Xeyeiv, skilful or able to speak, i. e. elo- 
quent. airrjfxd(pdri === aTreKpivaro, in which sense afxe(Po/j.ai (comm. 

with a 1st aor. mid.) is poetic. 

§ 16. 'AAAa, see note 1, 7, 6. av belongs to elvai ; Kaicovovs iu 

the nom. agreeing with the subject of elvai ; Gr. § 307, 4. us 5' av 

p.ddr)s, but that you may perhaps (aV) learn. When us or onus denoting a 
purpose, is followed by the subjunctive, if &v is omitted, the notion of 



296 notes. 

simple purpose is denoted, if dv is expressed, the notion of contingency ia 
added ; (Hermann as cited by Hertlein). Cf. 6, 3, 18. 

§ 17. airope?!/ stands here without dv, since a fixed fact is expressed 
(ova aTropovjxGv) ; in § 18 it stands with dv denoting possible cases (ouk Uv 

airopo'ijj.ev). iv denotes here the means, Gr. § 289, 1. (3.) (a.) 

avTnra<Tx elv depends on kivSvvos, cf. 5, 1, 6. 

§ 18. &AAa is best tendered here by the Eng. word or. See L. & S., 
sub voce II ; cf. 5, 8, 4. Stcnropeuecrfle, cf. note 2, 3, 27. uvra in- 
stead of elvai, Gr. § 310, 4. (a'.) uvra iropevrea, must be passed ; with 

this belongs v/x?v as agent or doer ; Gr. § 284, 3. (12.) Tapueve<rdai 

. . . /u.dxt<rQou, to divide off (after the manner of a steward) so many of you 
as we may wish to fight with ; i. e. as the Greeks were crossing a river, they 
could attack either those who had already passed over or those who were 

left behind, as many or as few as they pleased. avruv, of them, i. e. 

the rivers. Stair opevoifxev ; notice the difference between vopevco and 

TTopevofiaL. 

§ 19. el 7]TTcp/j.e8a (optat.), if we should he defeated; a\\a t6 ye 

rot irvp, yet at least (ye) the fire is certainly (roi) etc. ; cf. aAAo . . . ye, 
3, 2, 3. 

§ 20. exovres is conditional and hence takes /xrideva instead of oi/Beva, 

Gr. § 318, 3. dv qualifying e^eAotfxeOa is repeated because the first is 

so far removed from the verb. irpbs freoiv, cf. note on 1, 6, 6. 

§ 21. airSpcov earl . . . o'lTives eOeXovai, lit. it belongs to persons without 
resources etc. who wish ; a mingling of two constructions, awSpcov earl . . . 

ideAeiv, and aTropoi elcnv . . . o'irives edeAovtfi. Kal rovrav Trovrjpdiv, 

and still more (it belongs) to base persons. Cf. note on koI ravra, 1, 4, 12. 

§ 22. itfv, accus. absol. ; Gr. § 312, 5 ; cf. 2, 6, 6 ; 3, 2, 26. hA 

rovro rjAOo/xev, we came upon this, i. e. we applied ourselves to this (cf. iirl 
irav eAOoi, 3, I, 18). The clause reads, why indeed, when it was permitted to 

destroy you, did we not apply ourselves to this ? rovrov, of this, (i. e. the 

fact that we did not undertake to destroy you,) depends on a'lrios. ■ 

rod yeveaOai koX Karafi/jvai depends on epcos ; my earnest desire to become 
faithful etc. (lit. desire of this that I become etc.); tovtw is the antecedent 
of S, and the substantive ^evince stands in the relative clause ; Gr. § 332, 
8 ; and my earnest desire to return, being strong through benefits (conferred), 
with that mercenary force, with which Cyrus came up etc. My earnest de- 
sire etc. toas the cause of this (tovtov cutios). juiaOodoo'las and euepye<riq,s 
are antithetical ; they are in the plural, denoting that the actions signified 
were performed at different times. 

§ 23. ocra, in how many ways, connected with xp^l cri ! j - h Gr. § 279, 7. 

ridpa bpQ{\ : the Persian kings alone wore the upright tiara, while the 

nobilitv wore those which were flexible. r^v 8 ' iwi ry icapdla : by 



BOOK II. CHAP. V. 297 

tliis figurative language, Tissaphernes is thought to intimate that he him- 
self secretly aspired to the throne. It is not necessary, however, to put 
this construction on the passage ; since it may naturally signify that while 
the king wore the outward sign of authority, the real power would he in 
the possession of Tissaphernes if he were supported by the Greeks. After 
exoi supply dpO-fjv. 

§ 24. el-ney, sc. 6 KAeapxos. The aorist elirev comprehends the follow- 
ing as one whole ; the imperf. ecprj dwells on the presentation of the single 
and special (Kriiger). Cf. 6, 1, 31 ; 7, 3, 24 ; 7, 6, 41. The Eng. idiom 

scarcely admits of our translating e(p7j. toiovtuv . . . inrapxovTcov, 

gen. abs., while such reasons exist etc. wade?v, without tov, dependent 

on &£ios, cf. 1, 9, 1. 

§ 25. o'l re ffrparTjyol Kal ol Xoxayoi, in apposition with the subject 

of (iovXeaOe, sc. ifxeTs. Before i\6e?v Kriiger supposes els \6yovs may 

have fallen from the text. In that case jxol would limit ds \6yovs iXQciv, 
to come to an interview with me. Kiihner connects iv tw ifjupave? with the 
foregoing and renders, mihi in conspectum venire, to appear before me. With 
the text of Hertlein, if no ellipsis be supposed, jxoi must be considered as 
the dat. in reference to whom the action takes place (Gr. § 284, 3. (10).) ; 
since a Greek would not say i\9e?v /jloi, to come to me, but i\6e?v irpbs or 

7rapa ifxe. iv tw ifxcpave?, according to Krug. and Herk, openly. Cf. 

iv tm (pavepw, 1, 3, 21. 

§ 26. Kal — av, see note 1, 1, 7. oOev, not from whom, since this 

word is not spoken of persons ; but rather, whence, from what source. 

§ 27. SrjAos i\v oUixsvos, manifestly supposed. Cf. SrjAos "t\v, 1, 2, 11. 

(piXtK&s SiaKe?<x6al rivi ordinarily means, to have a friendly disposition 

towards any one ; here however in a wider sense it means, to sustain towards 
any one relations that are mutually friendly, the friendly disposition of Tissa- 
phernes being the prominent idea. o'l . . . diafidAAovrts, tcho should be 

convicted of calumniating (him, i. e. Tissaphernes). For the construction 
of av iXeyxdooai, cf. note on iav fx^j 8id<5, 1, 3, 14. The omitted ante- 
cedent of o'l is subject of ri/xo}p7]6'qvai, and the clause us . . . ovras is in 
apposition with it : on the ground that they themselves were traitors and evil- 
minded towards the Greeks. Others consider avrovs the antecedent of dl, 
and refer for a similar construction to 1, 9, 29 ; 6, 4, 9. 

§ 2S. avrw, i. e. Clearchus. ?7 instead of enj ; cf. note on 5mj3p, 

1, 4, 18. 

§ 29. irpos iavrbv %x* lv T h v yvd^v, should, direct their attention towards 

himself, implying that they should be devoted to him. ■ avreAeyov — avrS 

p.)] livai Trdvrasy spoJce in opposition to him, that all etc. should not go. For 
the use of ju^ before Uvai, cf. note on t& /xi] KaTairerpcodrjvai, 1, 3, 2. 

§ 30. Karereivev, exerted himself, contendebat. The whole transaction 

13* 



2^8 NOTES. 

is differently related by Ctesias cap. 60, according to whom, Clearchus 

was with difficulty persuaded by Menon to go to Tissaphernes. ws eh 

ayopdv, as if to market, consequently without their armor. 

§ 31. 'Aylas has not been mentioned before ; cf. note 1, 2, 9. £ttI 

frvpats without the article, as commonly when no qualifying clause is joined 
to it ; cf. 7, 3, 16. 

§ 32. airb rov avrov ffrj/xeiov, from etc., in the Eng. idiom, at the same 
signal. Cf. airb irapayyeho'eas, 4, 1, 5. — — • cprivi . . . Trdvras, cf. note on 
oar is . . . irdvras 1, 1, 5. 

§ 33. i)pi.<peyv6ovv i from afupiyvoia) ; for the augment see Gr. § 126, 1, 
and 3. 

§ 35. ^aav. Our idiom would hardly admit of the imperf. here, but 
to be exact we should employ the pluperf., had been. Cf. eiro\i6pitei, and 
cvveiroXejxei, had besieged etc., 1, 4, 2; r\vdyKa^pv, had compelled, 2, 1, 6. 
Instances of this sort are not unfrequent. 

§ 36. e£ ris, like ocrris, is used as a compound relative : ordered what- 
ever one there might be ... to approach etc. — ; — airayyeikwai, cf. note on 
Siafirj, 1, 4, 18. ra, irapa. fiatfiXeoos, cf. 2, 3, 4. 

§ 37. 'Opxa/J-evios, not from the Boeotian, but from the Arcadian Or- 

chomenus, since he is also called 'Apicds, 2, 1, 10; 3, 1, 47. aevocpeov has 

been mentioned but once before, 1, 8, 15. ra. irepl Ylpo^evov, the things 

relating to Proxenus, the fate of Proxenus. The common construction for 
this idea would be to irepl Upo^eyov, cf. 3, 2, 20 ; 1, 6, 8 ; but the gen. 
stands instead of the accus., owing to the proximity of /xdOoi, by a species 
of attraction, since /j.a6e?u irepl twos would be the regular construction. 
So Hert., Kriig., and Kiih. explain it. 

§ 38. earrjcrav eh iTT-fjKoov ; a verb of rest followed by a clause denoting 

motion, (having gone) to a place within hearing distance they stood. 

eX ei T V SIkijv, has suffered punishment ; cf. § 41 below ; but in 7, 4, 24, 

e%eiv SiKTjv means, to receive satisfaction. —affaire?; he does not say 

simply aire?. Cf. note on airrjrovv, 1, 2, 11. rod etceivov SovXov, his 

slave ; etceivov is governed by rod dovAov. With elvai and i\<rav supply 

ra oirAa. 

§ 39; eAeye, cf. note 2, 3, 21. alo-x^veo-Oe freovs, cf. note on ffi-^vv- 

Ori/Atp, 2, 3, 22. 7)/x?u depends on' robs avrovs, Gr. § 284, 3. (4.) 

vojjue?v, to consider ; fut. of vofiifa, cf. tcaQie?v, 2, 1,4; to consider the same 
persons . . . whom we do. A common form of expression to denote an 

offensive and defensive alliance. us should not be expressed, but 

owing to his excitement Cleanor forgets that he had just used o'lrtves. To 
the same excitement must be attributed irpodeSatcores, while irpodSvres 
had just been expressed. By employing the same anacoluthon in English 
and by repeating the idea of alo~xvvea9e, we may translate us : are you not 



BOOK II. CHAP. VI. 299 

ashamed that you have destroyed the very men to whom you gave your oath, 
and etc. 

§ 40. ydp has reference to some thought not expressed, perhaps in this 
form, — we are not unjust for etc. Cf. note on ^H yap, 1, 6, 8. 

§ 41. diicaiou is here used impersonally ; cf. 3, 1, 37. In like manner 
S?]\oj/, 3, 1, 16. With both these words, the personal construction is very 

frequent; cf. 1, 2, 11; 2, 5, 27; 2, 6,21^ Up6^vos Kal MeVau/ : 

grammatically they seem to be connected witn the nearest verb, but logic- 
ally, they seem rather to be the object of irefixl/are. We may imitate the 
expression thus, But in respect to Pro&enus and Menon, since they are etc. 
Cf. rj/JieTs, 3, 3, 16. 

CHAP. VI. 

Character of the five generals ; particularly of Clearchus, of Proxenus, and 

of Menon. 

§ 1. wSy see note 1, 2, 4. airoTfirjOii/Tes ras Ke<pa\ds. From the 

active, aTV0Tep.veiv nvi t)\v KecpaX'fjy, comes the passive, axorefxyeral ris 
tV Ke(paA-f}v, the ace. of the thing being retained even in the Pass., Gr. 
§ 281, 3. Render, having been beheaded. — - els is in apposition with 

(TTparriyoi. /x4y, the correlative 8e occurs § 16 below. 6p.o\oyov- 

fieuws 4k ivavruv, by the admission of all ; the construction of e/c irdvTuv 
seems to be determined by 6fio\oyov[A.ii/as (which contains the notion 
6iJ.o\oyoviievos)+ rather than by 8J£as, having seemed, which would take 

7ra<n. For e/c denoting the agent or doer, see note 1, 1, 6. ra>v . . . 

eX^Twv, those who were familiarly acquainted with him; cf. 1, 9, 1 ; avrou 
depends on ifxirelpcas, by the same principle that the adjective e/xireipos 

takes the gen., Gr. § 273, 5. (e.) Kal iroXefxiKos Kal (piAoir6tefj.os io~xd- 

tws, both skilled in war and extremely fond of war. Cf. the similar word 
TToXepLios, hostile ; Tro\e/j.nc6s is defined § 7 below, and (pi\oTr6\e/xos § 6. 

§ 2. ir6k€fios, the Peloponnesian war, which commenced 431 B. C, 
and ended in the spring of 404 B. C, three years and a half before the 
death of Clearchus. irape/ievej/, he remained, i. e. among the Lacedae- 
monians. robs EW-nvas, the Greeks who occupied the Thracian Cher- 

sonesus ; cf. 1, 3, 4. Ueptvdov : Perinthus was a city in Thrace on the 

Propontis ; it was afterwards called Heraclea and is now called Eregli. 

•§ 3. /.Lerayv6uTes ttws, having in some way (or for some reasons') changed 
their mind. — — e£o>, away, i. e. away from Sparta. 'larQ^ov ; the isth- 
mus of Corinth, since that alone was commonly called 'laO/xos without any 

qualifying word. ivravBa imparts additional emphasis to the member 

of the sentence before which it stands ; cf. 1, 10, 5 ; 3, 4, 25. ovxeri, 



300 NOTES. 

no longer, no more as lie had previously done when he remained (§ 2 irapi* 
/xevev) faithful to Sparta. 

§ 4. rooy reXcov, nom. ra reAo?, the magistrates, meaning particularly 

the Ephors. eireicrs sc. /xvpiovs BapeiKovs dovvai. ciAAr? yeypaTrrai, 

has been described elsezuhere ; a mistake on the part of Xenophon, since 
neither in 1, 1, 9, nor in 1, 3, 3, nor any where else is any thing said on 
this point. 

§ 5. airb . . . xpVfJ-dTOW ; *f. note on airb . . . rdxovs, 2, 5, 7. — — airb 

tovtov, ah eo tempore, inde, Kuh. e<pepe teal %ye ; so in Latin ferre 

and agere, the former being predicated properly of movable effects, the 
latter of cattle ; hence* when used together they mean, to rob and plunder 
utterly. They take as object in the accus. either the country or the inha- 
bitants. TroXe/j.ctiV dieyevero, cf. icrGtoures dieyr fvovro> 1, 5, 6. 

§ 6. octtis, see note on o'irives, 2, 5, 21. i£6v, see note 2, 5, 22. 

were iroAe/At'iv, under the condition that he mag carry on war ; Gr. 

§ 341, 3. (d), Cf. 5, 6, 26. Sxnrep els ircuSiicd, just as if upon a 

favorite. 

§ 7. Tavrrj, adverbial, in this respect. iravraxov irdvres, cf. note, 

1,9,2. 

§ 8. oos fivvarbv . . . el^er, as much as possible with such a character as 
he possessed ; e/c is used somewhat like air6, § 5 above ; aai before iKe?vos 
as also before aAAos in the next sentence cannot easily be translated into 

English. ojs tls Kcd &Wos, cf. 1, 3, 15. avra) is ethical dat., Gr. 

§ 284, 3. (10.) (d.). ifiwoLTjaai, to impress upon. wj . . . KAeapx&>, 

that Clearchus must be obeyed ; Khedpxy here is much more expressive than 
though he had said simply aimS. 

§ 9. in rod %aAe7rbs eivai, from the fact that he was austere^ or simply, 
by being etc. ; ^aAe7ros, see Gr. § 307, 4. — ■ — dpav arvyvos, repulsive in 
appearance ; for the construction of the infin. dpav, see Gr. § 306, Rem. 10. 

avra- /.ceTa/ieAe/y, cf. 1, 6, 7. etrfi 3 ore more emphatic than 

Ivlore, as ovSe efs is more emphatic than ovSeis. yucajxr;, with judg- 
ment, considerately, in opposition to opyij. o'Tpareifxaros . . . ucpehos, 

cf. 1, 3, 11. % 

§ 10. e<pacrav, cf. note 1, 9, 23. (pvAafcas (pv\d^eiy, Gr. § 278, 1. 

In English we should say, to keep guard ; cf. 5, 1, 2. . <pi\wy a(pe£ecrdai, 

to refrain from (doing injury to) friends. 

§ 11. avrov aKove.iv, to hear to him, to obey him ; Gr. § 273, Rem. 18. 

ff<p65pa, implicitly, cf. C(p6Bpa irei6ojji.£vois, § 13 below. iv ro?s 

irpoacoirots, in his looks. The plural of irpScrcoirov, used of a single person, 
is chiefly poetical. 

§ 12. irpbs &\\ovs, sc. ffTparriyovs. apxo^vovs agrees with the 

subj ct of amevai. For the accus. instead of the dat., cf. not?- on AajSoWa, 



BOOK II. CHAr. VI. 301 

1, 2, 1. Render, and it was permitted (to the soldiers) to go away to serve 

wider other (generals). SieKeiyro irpbs avr6y, were disjwsed towards 

him ; u>o-irep . . . SiSdcrKaAoy. It is to be hoped that boys nowadays will 
not understand this comparison. 

§ 13. teal yap oZy, cf. note 1, 9, 8. Teray/xeyoi, sc. irapeTvai avrS. 

virb rov SeTo'Oai, sc. KaT^x^l JLiVO h adhering to him from the fact that they 

were in want. treiOofxeyois agrees as predicate with the object of ixpw 5 

these persons (those described in the former part of the sentence) he made 
use of obeying (him) implicitly. Cf. iroAefxia, 2, 5, 11. 

§ 14. to . . . arpaTic&Tas, lit. the things making the soldiers with him to 
be useful. — —— to . . . (bofielcOai avrovs, the fact that they feared etc. 

§ 15. ov fid\a, = 7}KiGra, a very common litotes. a/j.<pl ra Treyr-ft- 

Koura, cf. note on afi<pl robs Sicrx^ovs, 1, 2, 9 ; see also § 30 below. 

§ 16. evObs /xeipaKioi/ &v, cf. evdbs iraides iWes, 1, 9, 4. Yopyias> 

a celebrated sophist and rhetorician from Leontini in Sicily. eScu/ce 

. . . apyvpiov ; in order to obtain instruction from him. 'Apyvpiov 8i86vai 
rivi often means, to receive instruction from any one ; cf. Symp. 3, 6. 

§ 17. avveysvero e/ceu/w, had associated with him, i. e. had received in- 
struction from him. So cvyyiyveaQai rivi is not unfrequently used ; as also 
in Latin esse cum aliquo. rots irpcarois, the first, i. e. the most distin- 
guished men. evepyerwv (particip. of euepyeTeco), cf. the construction 

of ci.Aei-6fj.evoy, 1, 9, 11. 

§ 18. rocovTcav . . . o~(p6Bpa, but while desiring so many things intensely. 
av, on the other hand. avev 8e tovtwv, but without these, i. e. with- 
out justice and honor. (XT), supply mentally the idea tovtuv rvyxd- 

veiv ; the position of yu.77 renders it particularly emphatic. 

§ 19. kavrov objective gen. dependent on aid&, respect for himself. 

intiviti = avTw, except that iiteivca is more emphatic. Cf. note on tueivov, 

2, 2, 8. 

§ 20. $ero . . . 80/cety . . . tTraivelv, and he thought it sufficient for being 
and seeming (to be) competent to command that he should praise etc. 

§ 21. 5?}\os i\v iiriQviJL&Vy cf. SrjAos "f\v avi&ixevos, 1, 2, 11. didoitj 

SiKrjy, poenam dare, give satisfaction, i. e. suffer punishment, cf. 4, 4, 14 ; 
5, 4, 20. 

§ 22. wv for ravra u>v. rb ai)Tb r<2 . . . elvai, the same (thing) with 

the being stupid, the same as stupidity. Cf. iv ravrcS rovrois, 3, 1, 27. 

§ 23. rovTCf depends on iirifiovAevaiv. Kal . . . KareyeAa implies 

that he was afraid of the enemy. rcov crvv6vT<av irdvrcov depends on 

narayeAwv but must be supplied mentally (in the dat. case) with SieAe- 
yero : he always conversed zvith his associates as if he were making sport of 
them all. 

§ 24. to twv <piA<ay, the (possessions) of his friends. /xSyos, an 



302 NOTES. 

adjunct of the subject of eldevai, cf. Gr. § 307, 4, he supposed that he alone 
(i. e. he especially, he letter than any body else ; Hert renders fiSuos, unus 

omnium maxime) knew etc. uv, particip. instead of infin. after etSeVcu, 

a verbum sentiendi ; Gr. § 310, 4. a<pv\a.KTa belongs as a predicate 

to tci t&v <pi., because they icere not guarded ; see Gr. § 245, 3. (b.) 

§ 25. The antecedent of oaovs, namely irdvras understood is the object 
of icpofie'iTO, and with this object unrXiffjx^vovs agrees. 

§ 26. t<£ i^airarav ZvvaaQai ; tS belongs to Svvaadai, in the ability tc- 

deceive. irXao-aaQai from irXaaaw, an expressive word. t&v airai- 

devToov, connected with elvai, partitive genitive. /cat . . . KT-fi<rao~6ai, 

and those persons with whom he attempted to excel (to occupy the foremost place) 
in friendship, he thought it necessary to acquire by calumniating their best 
friends. StajSaAAwj' instead of StajSctAAoj'Ta, by attraction of the subject 
of $€7-0 just as though Se?;/ were not expressed. Examples of thi3 sort 
are not uncommon. Cyrop. 5, 2, 17, iirl t$ g[t<$ olovTai 8e?v <pp6viy.oi 
Kal (xerpioi <paivso~6ai. With robs Trpdrovs siipply from the foregoing <pi- 
\la, those who are first in friendship, i. e. their best friends ; tovtovs, object 
of KT-fjffacrOai. 

§ 27. to . . . 7rape;£eer0ai depends on i^nxo-varo, he contrived to ren- 
der etc. 4k tov . . . avro?s denotes the means. evepyealav /careAe- 

yev, he recounted it as a beneficent act that he did not (on . . . ovk . . . ) etc. 
So Kareteyev is commonly understood ; but Kriig. interprets it thus, he 
spoke against, he spoke with complaint of his beneficent conduct in that he did 
not etc. 

§ 28. 'ApiaTiirirq?, cf. 1, 1, 10, and 1, 2, 6. 'Apialy depends on 

oliceioTaTOs. ?;5ero, sc. 'Apicuos. ai>Tos 5e, but he himself, i. e. 

Menon. ysuei&vTa (particip. from yeveidoo), having already arrived 

at manhood ; agrees with Qapvirav. The disgusting vice here alluded to 
is described in the Epistle to the Romans, ch. 1, verse 27. An uglier 
portrait than that of Menon has seldom been drawn on a small 
scale. 

§ 29. ire-iroiwKws ovk aireOave, sc. Mevav. airoTp.-f]64vT€s ras Kecpa- 

Aas, cf. § 1 above. us belongs simply to irovnp6s not to Aeyercu. 

§ 30. Kal tovto), lit. these also, is most conveniently rendered by the 

Eng. word likewise; cf. Kal tovtovs, 1, 1, 11. eis (piAiav, in respect 

to friendship ,- i. e. for a want of fidelity in their relations to friends. 



BOOK III. CHAP. I. 303 



BOOK THIRD. 

"Oca irapafiavTOS ras o-irovSas {tacriXcws Kal Ticrcratpepvovs eiroXefx^drj 
irpbs robs "EAAyvas iiraKoXovOovvros rod TieptriKov (TTpaTevfiaros. — Hostili- 
ties between the Persians and Greeks after the treaty was broken, with an 
account of the march from the river Zabatas to tho Carduchian moun- 
tains. 

CHAP. I. 

The Greeks are in the greatest dejection. Xenophon, waking from a 
remarkable dream, rouses first the captains of Proxenus and urges 
them to immediate action. The other captains and the surviving 
generals are then called, and after deliberation in which Xenophon 
takes a conspicuous part, they conclude to elect new generals in place 
of those who were taken by the Persians. 

§ 1. "O^a . . . fidxys indicates the subject of the first book ; oaa . . . 
ottoi/Sous,- the subject of the second book. — — iv reus cnrovScus, during the 
treaty, is to be joined with iyevero. 

§ 2. ol arparriyoi ; not all of the generals, but those only who are men- 
tioned in 2, 5, 31. ■ iirl reus fiatr. frvpeus, cf. note 2, 4, 4. On i^aav 

(and the verbs in the following clauses dependent on iuyoov/xfuot), see note 

on the construction of earpaTOTreSevero, 2, 2, 15. kvkXw is not always 

to be taken in the strict sense (cf. 1, 5, 4), hence it is often joined with 

Trdurr), or iravraxf). iroAAa and iroX4[xiai belong both to tOvn and 

ir6\eis, there were around them on every side many both nations and cities 
(that were) hostile. When connected nouns have a common attributive, it 
is expressed with each only when perspicutity or emphasis requires ; other- 
wise it is expressed but once, and agrees in form with the nearest nouu ; 

cf. Gr. § 242, Rem. 4. ayopdv, cf. note 2, 3, 24. f.tvpia crrd^ta : 

i. e. by the most direct route ; by the circuitous way in which they had 

come it was considerably more ; cf. 2, 2, 6. viKwvres, in case they 

should be victorious. ^Trdo/xai, I am vanquished, is regularly used for the 
pass, of viicdu). 

§ 3. 6\iyoi, Jew, not a few ; it belongs to ivvoov/xevot as an apposition 

of the part to the whole. ets, cf. note 1, 7, 1. to. oirAa, lit. the 

heavy armor, by meton. the place where the heavy armor was stacked, 

hence the encampment ; cf. 2, 2, 20 eTvyx^yev, sc. &v, happened to be. 

The particip. is often omitted with rvyxdvziv, especially in relative clauses. 



304: NOTES. 

TrarpiSwv . . . iraitiav ; notice the asyndeton. Cf. note on ixprovs k.t.A, 



2, 4, 28. 

§ 4. avrSs is intensive (as always in the nom.) ; it belongs also to the 
subj. of von'ifav rather than to that of e<pr} ; thus, whom he said that he him- 
self deemed etc. • Kpetrrco, letter, of more value, agrees with ov which 

relates to Kvpce. 

§ 5. fM-fi, lest, or that, the notion oi fearing being contained in viroirrev- 

aas. [x)] . . . yeveadai, that the becoming a friend to Cyrus might be 

some occasion of accusation on the part of the city. oti introduces the 

reason ; because. o'v/xTroXe/.tTicrai ; particularly during the last years 

of the Peloponnesian war. tXdSvra, see Gr. § 307, 2. Cf. XafiSi'Ta, 

1, 2, 1. 

§ 6. oi.u is repeated ; cf. 4, 6, 13. rty 6S6v, accus. of cognate 

meaning, Gr. § 278, 2. icaXws irpd^as, cf. note on irpd^eiav, 1, 9, 10. 

frecus instead of &eovs ; an instance of inverse attraction. For the 

response of the oracle, see 6, 1, 22. 

§ 7. ov stands before tovto instead of yjpcara, because the points in the 
antithesis are ov tovto — aXXa. . . . tovto . . . ; cf. note on ov, 1, 4, 5. 

tovto regularly refers to what precedes ; but when an exegetical 

clause (introduced by 'oti, oos, or as here, in the form of an indirect ques- 
tion) is added to it, then it has reference to wbat follows. Weov elvai, 

that he must go ; Gr. § 284, 3. (12.) ijpov from r]p6/xr}y, aor. of 

epcoTocu. 

§ 8. ols aveiXev, sc. frveo'dai. opfiau t))v b\v<a 6d6v, to set out on the 

march upward, accus. of kindred signification ; cf. eXOoi t\\v 656v § 6 above. 
crvueaTad-r] (from awio-Trip-i), was introduced. 

§ 9. aviJ.irpovdvjj.e7TO, joined in soliciting. oti . . . airoxe/xxpeiy. A 

clause introduced with 6Vt or &s is occasionally by anacoluthon finished 
with an infinitive instead of a finite mode. Cf. us . . . irapaduo'eiv, 7, 5, 8. 
iireidav Taxio'Ta, as soon as. els TLiaidas ', cf. note 1, 1, 11. 

§ 10. fjdei, sc. 6 Tlpo^ej/os. ofxcos, nevertheless, i. e. notwithstanding 

their fear and unwillingness. ol iroXXoi, the most (of them). Some 

according to 1, 4, 7, left the army at that time. Si' alcrx Vi/ W Kal «*.- 

x4]Xa>v k.t.X., from a feeling of shame both towards one another etc. ; aXXfi- 
Xojv and Kipov are objective gen. ; cf. note on eavrov, 2, 6, 19. 

§11. virvov Xax&v (from Aayxayco) ; for the government of virvov, see 

Gr. § 273, 3. (b.) (7.) edo£ev : an instance of asyndeton, such as is 

very common ; when a sentence more fully explains what the foregoing 

expresses in general terms ; cf. 4, 3, 8 ; 4, 7, 10. irucrav, se. t))i> 

oiidav : it seemed that all the house. To correspond with the foregoing 
personal construction, iSo^ev . . . o-K7]-kt6s, a thunderbolt seemed, we should 
have here iracra, all the house seemed. Cf. 1, 4, 18, i56Kei. 



BOOK III. CHAP. I. 305 

§ 12. avnyepQn (from avcyelpa), was aroused, av;o7ce. iry /jl4v . . . irfj 

8e, in one respect . . . but in another respect. I5e?v e5o£e, he seemed to 

see, it appeared to him in a dream that he saw. /xt] ov Svvcutd, lest he 

should not be able, is to be connected with i(pof}e?TO. 

§ 13. biro76v ti k.t.A. But of what import it is to have (lit to see) such 

a dream, it is permitted to discover etc. irpurov fxiv ; the correlative 

clause is e'/c tovtov § 15. et'/cos ; eVri is regularly omitted with this 

adjective. iirl fiacriXe?, cf. 1, 1, 4. ri ipirodu"', SO. e'ern, what is 

in the way, what hinders ; this question is equivalent to ovSev ifnroSwi/ ; 
and hence it is followed by the two negatives fx^i ov, which according to 
the English idiom we render simply that. Gr. § 318, 10 ; cf. p.)} ov, 2, 3, 
11. iirtd6vTas, having lived to see ; cf. 7, 1, 30 ; 7, 6, 31. 

§ 14. ottus k.t.A., but how we shall defend ourselves etc. H^ v i c ^* 

note 2, 5, 22. iroiav fjXiiciav ; see Introduction § 1. 

§ 15. e'/c tovtov, cf. note 1, 3, 11. foSpes, cf. note 1, 3, 3. — 

ovts . . . ovtc, neither . . . nor ; oiide, not even. v/xeTs, sc. Svvaade 

icadevdeiv. iv o'lois eVyueV, in what (dangerous) circumstances we are. 

§ 16. d?j\ov or i although written in two words is often employed as 
an adverb, in the sense manifestly ; and is not unfrequently introduced in 

the midst of the clause ; cf. § 35 below. irp6Tepov . . . irpij/, cf. note 

on TrpSadeu . . . irpiv, 1, 1, 10. ov . . . i%£$T\vav (from itc<paii/<i>), did 

not declare. aycwiov/xtda (from ayowi^oo), Gr. § 117. 

§ 17. iKpUaBai, to be negligent, to yield. iirl /3a(nAe?, cf. note on 

iirl tw, 1, 1, 4. os is causal, since he, or, from him who ; it introduces 

the reason for the question, " what do we think we shall suffer ? " ical 

tov . . . /cat too ; the repetition of the article and also of the conjunction 

gives more prominence to^each adjective. xa\ tzBvtikotos i]5ri, even 

when already dead. This in the mind of a Greek would greatly heighten 

the abuse. Cf. Herodot. 7, 238. ttju x^P a 'i T W 8e£tdV, 1, 10, 1. 

7}fias subject of 7ra0e<V. Regularly when the subject of the infin. is the 
same as the subject of the governing verb, it is omitted with the infin. ; 
Gr. § 307, 4. Here however it is expressed and also stands first in the 
sentence as being the emphatic word; Kriig. and Hert. are inclined to 
consider the construction an anacoluthon, the sentence commencing as 
though it should have ended with Troi?iacu <xvt6v instead of izadeiy ; — an 

improbable explanation. eVrpareucrajuei' Se k.t.K. ; an independent 

sentence joined to a relative clause. Render, who made an expedition 
against him etc. us . . . iroirjTovTes, cf. note on us, 1, 1, 2. 

§ 18. ap' ovk . . . eA0o/, would he not have recourse to every means ; iiri 

irav iA6e?v = -navTO. iroiricrai at the end of the §, and in § 35. almaa.- 

fxevos implies both ignominy and suffering : to. eV^ctTa aiKiaajxevos, having 
insulted and tormented us to the lost degree ; to. eVxara is the object of aiKiff-. 



306 NOTES. 

rod ffrpaTevffcu k.t.X. depends on <p6fSov. eV e/cefjxjj, cf. im 

PcuriXe?, § 17. -iroi-nriov, see Gr. § 284, 3. (12.) 

§ 19. diaOeca/xevos . . . ex 0l€V i considering in respect to them how exten- 
sive a country and what sort of a country they possessed ; aiirwy depends on 
the following relative clause considered logically as a single word. — — 
Xpv<rbv 5e, without a repetition, of the relative ogov ; as in § 40. d>s. a9v- 

fjLWS fj.ev . . . aOvficos Se : not ws a6v/j.cos 5e. eo-Qr,ra, like Latin vestis, 

Eng. apparel, has a collective signification. 

§ 20. SirSre iu6v l uoi/j.'/]j/, whenever I considered. The optat. is here 

iterative ; cf. note 1, 5, 2. on . . . ovdeuhs rjpuv fxereirj, that we shared 

in nothing of etc. ; Gr. § 273, 3. (h.) otov, the means with which ; gen. 

of price ; Gr. § 273, 2. (c.) tfSeiv ixovras, TTcnew that few 

longer possessed etc. opuovs . . . 7],ua<>, sc. tf8eiv,I knew that our oaths 

restrained us; iropi^vQai with its complement depends on nar exovras. — — 
ivlore qualifies epo^ov/j.rju. 

§ 21. ravra to. ayaOd, these good things (above enumerated). a9\a 

is a predicate : as prizes. Supply tovtuv before oTrSrepoi, (for those) 
whichever party of us etc. The allusion to their national games would be 
very inspiring to the Greeks. 

§ 22. avrovs, them, i. e. the gods ; iiriopKe7y &eovs is analogous to 

oy.vvvai heovs. Gr. § 279, 4. ray frewy opttovs, cf. 2, 5, 7. iro\v 

qualifies pei^ovi : cf. 1, 5, 2 ; 3, 2, 15. 

§ 23. en 5e, furthermore ; cf. 3, 2, 28. exopt-ev . . . exofiey ^ Ka ^ 

In anaphora, p.ev is generally wanting when the second member has Se 
/ecu ; when the second member has only Se, fxev is commonly expressed 

with the first. ■ ^XV Ka ^ ^ctATTTj, cold and heat. The plural is used in 

Greek denoting what had been experienced at different times and in dif- 
ferent degrees. avv toIs &eols, with the assistance of the gods. The 

frequency and the apparent reverence with which Xen. refers to the gods 
are worthy of notice. ol &v§pes is here spoken of the enemy. 

§ 24. &AAa belongs to p)] apapJvup.ev, but since others also are probably 

considering these things, let us not etc. irpSs, Gr. § 298, 2. (c.) 

irapaKaKovvres, like crvyKaXovpev, § 46, is future; Gr. § 117. rov 

i^op/xr/crai depends on &p£w/j.ev. Gr. § 271, 4. (pavnre : for a similar 

asyndeton, cf. fafiev, 6, 5, 21. 

§ 25. iydo, cv, T\p.e7s, and vpt.e?s are often much less emphatic than ego, 

tu, nos, and vos. Kriig. ovSev . . . 7\\iK.lav, I do not allege my age as any 

excuse ; cf. § 14. ipvuetv is chiefly poetic. 

§ 26. i\v fioMtiTiafav t?7 (pcovfj' ovtos 5' elirev, instead of the simpler 
and more common form of expression /Jcuwna^W t>7 (puuy elirev. Cf. note 

1 , 9, 14. aAAcos 7rcos . . . $ : cf. § 20 above. awrvpias Uv rudely, 

that he could obtain safety. el Si/youro, sc. rov fiacriXea ireiffai. 



BOOK III. CHAP. I. 307 

§ 27. /j-cra^v vwoXafidjv, interrupting (him) in the midst (of his remarks). 
— — ov8e . . . ovSe (is far more emphatic than ofrre . . . ofai), not even . . . 

nor indeed. roury tovtois, in the same place with these. Cf. note on 

7HJUV, 2, 5, 39. For an explanation of the allnsion, see 2, 1, 8. ^€70 

<ppov!)cas, having become proud. tirl tovtcc, on account of this, — the 

death of Cyrus. 

§ 28. ri ovk £irolr)(rej/, xchat did he not do, expresses in the form of a 
question the same idea as ttolvt' iirotrjo'e in a direct form. Cf. § 18 above. 

§ 29. avrols, i. e. to?s Hepaais, implied in fiao'tXevs expressed above. 

Cf. note on ol 5e, 1, 10, 4. ov vvv . . . SvvavTai, are they not now, the 

wretched men, though beaten . . . , unable even to die ; being prevented, as 
he seems to imply, from putting an end to their existence by their being 

bound. Kal /j.d\' . . . ipwuTes tovtov, even though passionately longing 

for it. tovtov, i. e. tov airo8ave?v. iraXiv is comm. understood as 

qualifying iretdeiv . . . \6vTas ; Grote however understands it as qualifying 
/ceAevets. 

§ 30. /x-fjTe . . . T6, cf. note 2, 2, 8. ■ irpoo-iecrOai, to be admitted. 

els TavTo 7]fxiv avTols: for the construction, cf. iv TavTu> tovtois § 27 above. 

cupeAoju.ei'ovs and avaBevTas agree with T^xas understood, the subject 

of xpv°~8 ai ' &s tolovtco, as such a person ; one on whom they had 

placed baggage (ffKev-n avaQevTas). 

§ 31. ToiiTai . . . TTJs BoicoTias irpoo"f)icei ovdev, there belongs to this fellow 

nothing of Boeotia. Gr. § 273, 3. (b.) (7.} a/j.<p6Tepa . . . TeTpvirr]- 

/j.4vov, having both ears bored. For the construction, cf. note on aTroTfiri- 
QivTes tols K€(pa\ds, 2, 6, 1. The practice of boring the ears was regarded 
with abhorrence by the Greeks ; and as belonging only to the barbarians. 
Kal €?xej/ ovtws, and so it was. The Greeks discovered this on ex- 
amination. 

§ 32. ofy 0170 ) was 9 one i o^X ^ " an< ^ V Kb > though present in form are 
perfect in meaning. 

§33. t& irp6o f Bev twv oivKav, the front of the encampment ; the place 

where the arms were stacked ; cf. note 2, 2, 20. On iyzvovTo and 

a.f.c(pl toxjs k.t.A., cf. note 1, 2, 9. fieaai vvktcs, cf. note 1, 7, 1. 

§ 31. Kal avroTs avveXBeiv, both to come together ourselves ; ai>TO?s in 

apposition with rjfuu. airep . . . r)[xas, sc. e\e£as, the very things which 

(you said) to us also. 

§ 35. TavTa jueV has nothing properly corresponding to it in what fol- 
lows ; since with rjfuv 5e a different turn is given to the sentence from what 
would have been suggested by TavTa /j.4v. Sf/Aoy oti, cf. note § 16 above 

§ 36. /xeyiffToy . . . Kaipov, a most important opportunity. adv/xous, 

sc. vvras. 

§ 37. lam in courteous language was used by the Greeks even where 



308 NOTES 

no actual doubt existed. dl/caiou, cf. note 2, 5, 41. — — vfias . . . rout 

rooy, that xce surpass them somewhat. vfie?s . . » ifxeis : the anaphora 

without /x4y and 5e is far more emphatic than with these particles. ■ 
Xp'^aai : the officers received higher pay than the common soldiers ; cf. 

7, 2, 86. rovTOiV depends on iirAeoveKTelre, Gr. § 275. 1. a£iovv 

. . . avrovs, it is becoming that you consider yourselves etc. 

§ 38. el . . . avTiKaraffTaQwcriv, if you would see that instead of those who 
have perished . . . be appointed ; oirws after iiri(j.eA4o}Acu, fieAei and verbs 
of similar meaning, is more commonly followed by the fut. indie. ; yet 
here we have the subjunct. and in 1, 8, 13 ; 2, 6, 8 ; 7, 7, 44, the optat. 

ws cvveXSuTi eliruv, to speak briefly, to comprehend all in one word ; 

properly to say it when one has brought the whole together into a small compass. 
With ffvvehoPTi we are not to understand \6yq>, but rather the dat. of a 

person. See Gr. § 284, 3. (10.) (a.) Zv Se 8)7 .. . iravT&iracnv, but 

above all in. military achievements ; supply mentally auev yap . . . y4vono. 

§ 39. iireidav 8e k.t.A.. . . . ty Kal k.t.K., but when you shall have etc. 
• • • if you will also etc. For &v with the aor. subjunct., see Gr. § 255, 
Rem. 9. rrdvu Zv Kaipw, very seasonably. 

§ 40. aOvfioos 8e, cf. note § 19 above. Zxovtccv, cf. note on Ioj/tcou, 

1, 4, 12. o, ri : cf. note on ri, 1, 3, 18. Seot ri : sc. xpv°'^ at w ^ n 

which tl is connected, as o, ti with xpv^aiTO. 

§ 41. ri ireiffovTai. Recollect that ireicrofxai from Trdcrx® takes the 
accus. ; but Treicrofxai from ireiQa, the dat. 

§ 42. 7] . . . ivoiovffa, that which achieves etc., is the subject of Zo*tiv, 
and is fem. on account of its proximity to icrx^s. It is easier in rendering 
it to follow the Greek order, that it is neither d multitude etc. . . . which 

achieves etc. ws iirl rb iroKv,for the most part, generally. ol> Sexov- 

rai, do not receive, i. e. the enemy do not sustain the attack of such 
persons. 

§ 43. ixaa-Tevovo-i : a word chiefly poetic, which however Xen. employs 

several times. Zk iravTos rp6irov, by every means, at all events. £r)v 

(from £ao>), Gr. § 137, 3. tovtovs is the antecedent of oitoaoi Se, as 

oZroi jxiu is the antecedent of 6ir6o~oi fxev. ixa\\6v ttws . . . h<piKvov- 

fxevovs, in some way rather (i. e. more frequently) arriving etc. didyov- 

ras, living, agrees with tovtovs. 

§ 44. avTOvs, is intensive, should not only be brave men ourselves but etc. 
irapaKaAew, sc. avSpas ayadovs eluai. 

§ 45. togovtov . . . oo~ov, in so far . . . as. ^AO-qyalov e.Vaj, sc. tre, 

that you were an Athenian. oti qualifies irAeio~TOvs ; cf. note on 6Vt, 

1, 1, 6. 

§ 46. atpeTaOe, imperat., do ye who need choose etc. cvyKaAodfify, 

cf. note on irapaKaKovvTes § 24 above. 



BOOK III. CHAP. II. 309 

§ 47. ret Seoura, the subj. both of jitWoiro and of irepaivoiTO : that the 

necessary business might not be postponed but etc. Aapdauevs : from 

Dardanus, a city of Troas, south of Abydus. KAeavwp was already 

o~Tpa.TT)y6s according to 2, 5, 37. We are to suppose therefore that the 
soldiers of Agias were united with those of Cleanor. 



CHAP. n. 

The whole army being called together, Chirisophus and Cleanor first ad- 
dress the soldiers briefly, and after them Xenophon harangues the 
assembly at considerable length and with great skill ; he concludes by 
proposing the order of march which is approved by all. 

§ 1. t€ . . . Kai. Gr. § 321, 1. (c.) im£<paive, intrans., cf. 4, 2, 7; 

4, 3, 9 : day was almost beginning to dawn: KaTaCTTjcrayras, cf. note on 

XafS6vra, 1, 2, 1. irpaiTov p.iv corresponds with iirl tovtcj) § 4; cf. 

note on trp&rov p.4v, 3, 1, 13. 

§ 2. 6tt6t€ is here causal, since, inasmuch as. (rrepSfieOa, are de- 
prived of, have lost and are now destitute of. For the difference in mean- 
ing between this and the cognate forms o'repeofj.ai, arepicKOfxai, see L. & 

5. sub ffrepoixai. irpbs 5 ' en, and besides. In Attic prose only the 

preposition irp6s is thus used without a case, i. e. as an adverb ; Kriig. Gr. ; 
cf. Cyrop. 2, 1, 31. ol a/xcpl 'Apicuov, 2, 4, 2. 

§ 3. e'/c tcov irap6vT(i3V . . . i\6e?u, to go forth from the present (difficul- 
ties). et Se fi-fj, but otherwise, i. e. el 5e p.r) KaXcos uiKuvres o~a>cr6fj.e6a. 

aWa . . . airodvrjo'KCDy.eu, yet at least lei us die nobly. 61a. . . . ttolt]- 

aeiav, quae utinam faciant. 

§ 4. iirl tovto), after him ; cf. 6, 1, 11 ; 7, 3, 14. oaris, not the 

same as os : a man who, such a man that he. yeirwv . . . ttjs 'EAAaSos, 

cf. 2, 3, 18. Trcpl irAeicTTou, cf. note 1, 9, 7. av : the condition, 

to which this particle must be referred, lies particularly in auiaai : saying 
that he would make it an object of the highest importance to rescue us (if he 

should be able to rescue us). Cf. note 1, 6, 2. abros (recollect that 

it is always intensive iu the nom.) before i^a-rraTTjo-as belongs in idea both 

to the verb and particip. Notice particularly the anaphora. 5/j.oTpd- 

Tre£os, see 2, 5, 27. Thus he became a £eVos towards Clearchus, and 

hence his offence was particularly against Zeis £eV*os. avro?? tovtols, 

by these very means. 

§ 5. fia<ri\€a KadiffTcivai : cf. 2, 1 / 4. Kal iBcoKaixeu Kal iXajSofxev : 

the Eng. idiom requires a fuller expression, e. g. (to whom) we gave and 

(from whom) we received etc. ; cf. note on larpaTzvaaixtv, 3, 1, 17. 

Kal ovtos ', cf. noto on ku\ ravras, 1, 10, 18. ixSicrrovs : an adject. 



310 NOTES. 

in the superlat. degree, used as a substantive ; and as such governing 
exe'ivov, his bitterest enemies. 

§ 6. aXha. . . . a-KoricaivTo, but may the gods punish them as they deserve ,- 
ai:6 in comp. with ricraifTO denotes the idea deserved or due ; cf. airyTovi/j 
1, 2, 11 ; aTToBvovaiv, § 12 below. 

§ 7. opQus %x eiv -> that it was right, depends on vojxifav. £v tovtois, 

in these, i. e. in his most beautiful armor. 

§ 8. dia (pLAias Uvai, lit. to go through friendship, i. e. to be friendly ; 
dia iravrbs iroXe/jLov levcu, lit. to go through perpetual war, i. e. to be perpe- 
tually at war ; Gr. § 291, 1. (1.) (b.) robs crpar-nyobs . . . ola tt€tt6u- 

Qacnv, seeing the generals what they have suffered (a construction called 
anticipation or prolepsis) ; in an Eng. idiom, seeing what the generals etc. 

Cf. note on twv fiapfiapcav, 1, 1, 5. avu ro?s oir\ois, cf. note on cbv 

tovtois, 2, 1, 12. wv — rovrwy a, for those things which ; the gen. 

depends on Slktjv. 

§ 9. oluvSs, an omen. For an account of the various kinds of omens, 
see Die. Antiqq. art. Divinatio, p. 517. The omen says Xen. occurred 
while we were speaking -rrepl ffoorripias, hence it was thought to be from 

Zeus Soter. rod Alos tov crcoTripos. An appellative attached to the 

name of a god is commonly placed after the name ; and as the appellative 
is of the nature of an adjective, the article is either placed before both or 
is omitted with both. Hert. ; cf. 4, 8, 25 ; 6, 1, 22 ; 7, 6, 41 ; yet 6, 2, 
15, is an exception. For the construction of appellatives with other proper 

names, see Gr. § 244, 7, Rem. 5. ev£ao'Qcu depends on done?. 

o-trov, when or where ; it includes both ideas. Cf. ZvQa, 5, 1, 1. ava- 

reipdra) r^v x^P a i ^ ^iin raise the hand. The Greeks voted in all of the 
various ways which are common among us, by the voice, by raising the 
hand, by ballot, and by a division of the assembly. For the last-named 
method, cf. Thucyd. 1, 87. Raising the hand (xeiporovia, xetpoToj/elV, 
SiaxeipoTOj/ia, ZiaxeipoTovziv), being both the easiest and the most un- 
equivocal method, was also the most common. 

§ 10. iiria>pK7}Kacri, have been guilty of perjury, in that they took the 
oath with the intention of breaking it : robs opuovs \e\vKacnv, have broken 
their oaths, have actually carried into effect that which they intended to do 

when they took the oaths. lyovruiv gen. abs., things being thus. 

With elfcos, S/)Aoy, ol6v re, used impersonally, lari is often omitted ; and 
oftener still with avdyKt]. 

§ 11. e7r€iTa 5e. That which would naturally follow these words is 

joined by an anacoluthon to the sentence introduced by yap. ava\xi- 

\ivr\o-K(d takes two accusatives vjxas and robs Kivftvvovs. Gr. § 280, 3. 

cra^ovTai re . . , ol ayadot, and that the brave are delivered etc. i\6oi/- 

rav . . . Tlepauv, for tchen the Persians came ,• \xiv is here a correlative 



BOOK III. CHAP II. 311 

of tirciTa § 13. Allusion is evidently made to the invasion in 490, B. C, 

when the Persians for the first time landed in Greece. cr6\y, cf. note 

on cbv t<5 0-TpaTev/j.aTi, 1, 7, 1. atyavLovvruv fut. of a<pavi£o}. Gr. 

§117. us . . . 'Adrivas, as if to blot Athens out of existence again ; 

avOis not implying any previous destruction of the city, but simply that it 
should ao-ain become the same as it was before it had any existence. 

§ 12. eb^d/xeuoi belongs logically to e$ol-ev, as though perhaps expvcpi- 
aavTo or some similar word were used/ The anacoluthon is less notice- 
able, inasmuch as both KaraKavoiey and etx°v intervene. ovk eix ov i 

had not (the ability), were not able. The number of Persians who fell in 
the battle of Marathon, accordiugto Herod. 6, 117, was 6400 ; but accord- 
ing to the representation of Xen. it must have been much greater, else the 

Athenians would already have ceased making the annual offerings. 

airodvovGiv. The sacrifices had been promised to the goddess and hence 
were considered due (&7ro-). Cf. note on diroTio'auTo, § 6 above. 

§ 13. tt?j> (before duapid/x-nTOv) the (well known), that. fjxdev in 

480 B. C. koX r6re, then also (as well as in the battle of Marathon, 

ten years before). ecrrt, Gr. § 35, 1. a\\d, but only ; cf. 1, 4, 18 ; 

6,4,2. 

§ 14. ob [xev 8-f) : cf. note 1, 9, 13. ipaj fut., comm. referred to 

(pv/xi as a present. aAA' . . . acp' ov, but there are not yet many days 

since ; supply in this clause elciv, which in adverbial formulas of this 
nature is not commonly expressed. ft 

§ 16. avrSiv depends on direipoi : Gr. § 273, 5. (e.) d;xerpov, sc. 

iv x cf. note on [xeards, 1, 10, 18. els civtovs properly signifies (says 

Kriig.), into the midst of them, stronger than eni : cf. 4, 3, 29 ; 4, 5, 18. 
-rreipav . . . avTcov : cf. note on K.vpov ireipa, 1, 9, 1. 

§ 17. /iTjSe . . . 5o|77Te, nor imagine. In prohibitions, /xr] is used with 

the present imperat. or aor. subjunct. ; cf. 6, 6, 18. [xeiou ex^iv, that 

you are inferior, that you suffer disadvantage ; cf. fxeTov ix (av i 1> -^, 8. 

el, that ; see L. & S. et, II. ol Kvpeioi, the forces of Cyrus, meaning 

of course the barbarian forces. yovv confirms the foregoing assertion 

by an undeniable fact. irpbs eice'ivovs, i. e. robs vcp' rj^ui/ r,Trri^.evovs. 

§ 18. iv9vfj.r}6r]T€, do ye consider. We should expect, from the fore- 
going el Se ris . . . ddv/xe?, the 3d pers. sing. evQv^riQ^roi. 

§ 19. rwv lirirewv is governed by the comparative degree. iroXv 

qualifies aacpaXeo-Tepov ; though removed from it by several words, the 

arrangement is not unusual. PeffnKOTes, standing firm ; cf. Oecon. 8, 

17, where this word is predicated of a house. otov depends on Teu£o- 

f.ieQa. evl fj.6vca, in one thing alone. irpoexovaiv rj/xas : irpoexeiv 

regularly governs the gen., Gr. § 275, 1 ; yet in Eurip. Hippol. 1365, it 
also takes the accus. coacppocrvi/r) ttuvtcls vrrepex^v. 



312 NOTES. 

§ 20. tovto, at this, viz. on k.t.X. ; for the construction, cf. ovSev, 1, 

1, 8. Kpetrrov, sc. icrTiv. ovs . . . &vb*pas = robs &vdpas (^7'€- 

I-lovcs ex6(i/) ovs. For the antecedent in the relative clause, cf. note 1, 2, 

1. eiaovrai, see olda, Gr. § 195. ras eavrSiv ipvx&s ncd crdifaara. 

When the gender of two connected nouns is different, the article is seldom 
omitted with the second noun. 

§ 21. irorepov, sc. o~ice\pao~9e, consider whether. t\s, ohject of irape?- 

Xov, hut attracted to the case of the antecedent. iroXXov apyvpiov, foi 

much money. Cf. the construction of orov, 3, 1, 20. -? exovras agrees 

with the subject of uve?a8ai, ^[xas understood. avrovs is intensive, 

agreeing with the implied subj. of Xapfiaveiv, or that we ourselves should 
take (provisions). 

§ 22. el . . . tcpdrrova, lit. but if you Jcnoio these things that they are bet- 
ter ; cf. note on rusv {Sapfidpwv . . . Sos, 1, 1, 5. airopov : cf. note on 

(poftepcorarov 2, 5, 9. na\ . . . Siafiavres, and if you think that you have 

been greatly deceived in having crossed (them). crKe\pao~6e, el : after 

verbs of doubting, considering and the like, the Greeks used simply el, not 
only to denote improbability, but also probability, where we should employ 

a negative : so here, whether the barbarians have not etc. &pa, see Gr. 

§ 324, 3. irpoiovai, to (persons) advancing ; Gr. § 281, 3, 10. 

§ 23. jUvjTe . . . re : cf. 2, 2, 8. 5l^o-ovctlv from diirjixi, to allow to 

pass ; cf. 4, 1, 8 ; 5, 1, 2. oud' &s : cf. note 1, 8, 21. Mvo-ovs : 

cf. 1, 6, 7 ; 2, 5,«13. — : — &Kovros : cf. note 1, 3, 17. ev rfj fSacriXeus 

X&P<* instead of ev ry x™P a avrov : cf. the repetition of Kvpov 1, 4, 12 ; 

rcov fiapfidpwv 4, 4, 21. n i at Sas : cf. note 1, 1, 11. aurol etdo- 

fiev, 1, 2, 19. rovrcav, i. e. ra>v Uepcrcov, implied in ftacriXevs, cf. note 

3, 1, 29. 

§ 24. Tj/xas, subj. of elvai, stands at the beginning of the sentence to 

give it more prominence. av . . . tfywye, I for my part should say. The 

particle &v suggests the condition el firj eSeSoliceiv : in place of which we 

have below § 25, aXXa 5e5ot/ca : cf. 4, 2, 10. rod . . . eKire/x^eiv limits 

ojxrjpovs, hostages as a pledge that he would send etc. ko\ . . . ye, and 

even, cf. 7, 2, 38 ; in the next sentence, koX . . . ye, and at least, cf. 3, 3, 5. 
av before olda qualifies eiroiei. 

§ 25. aXXa yap, but (I do not advise that we actually make such pre- 
paration) for. a/ra|, cf. note 1, 9, 10. KaXats na\ jxeyaXais, beau- 
tiful and stately. These two words are often united in the Greek writers, 
because the latter idea was considered an important element of perfect 

beauty. Cf. Odys. 15, 418 ; Xen. Mem. 2, 1, 22 ; Oecon. 10, 2. p/j, 

although expressed above, is repeated on account of the intervening clause. 
So el § 35 below ; on 5, 6, 19. ol Xcorocpdyoi, the lotus-eaters. Allu- 
sion is made to the companions of Ulysses who ate of the lotus ; Odys. 9, 
9,4 etc 



BOOK III. CHAP. II. 313 

§ 26. i%6v : cf. note 2, 5, 22. robs . . . iroXtrevovras, those who 

now live at home (i. e. in Greece) without a fortune, object of 6pav ; ttXov- 

aiovs is predicated of robs . . . iroXirevovras. ivddSe KOfiiffa/Afvovs, 

having migrated hither, is commonly understood as referring to avroTs, cf. 
note on Xaf36vra 1, 2, 1. aAAa ydp, but (no more on this point) for. 

§ 27. t}jjlS)v governed by arparnyy. eireira, cf. note 1, 3, 2. 

vX^ou irapexovav, occasion difficulty. &yeiv depends on t>%Aoj>, Gr. 

§ 306, Rem. 10. 

§ 28. a7raA/\a|a)/.iev, an exhortation, let us etc. Kparovfievwv de- 
pends on aXXSrpia. Gr. § 271, 3. all things are forfeited on the part of 
those who are conquered. robs iroXefj.iovs, sc. elvai. 

§ 29. Spare yap. This sentence states the reason for the following 
(introduced by ouv § 30) ; cf. 5, 1, 8 ; 5, 8, 11 ; 6, 4, 8. When the reason 
denoted by ydp is thus placed first in order, ydp corresponds to the Eng. 

since. kclI robs iroXey.iovs, even the enemy ; koli suggests the notion ; — 

if the enemy entertained such an opinion, how fully ought we also to be 

convinced of the importance of order and discipline. robs iroXe/xlovs 

on, another instance of anticipation, instead of on ical oi iroX. ; cf. note 1, 
1, 5. irpSarOev . . . irpiv, cf. note 1, 1, 10. 

§ 30. robs vvv. The position of this phrase is determined by the effort 
to place the words which are antithetical near together. So also vvv fy 
irp6crQev. rcov irpSaQev, sc. apx^vro>v. 

§ 31. ty \\/rj(plo"r]a6e. The first conditional clause belongs to the fol- 
lowing : and if you loill resolve, in case any one shall be disobedient. The 

same arrangement occurs 7, 3, 37; cf. 3, 1, 39. rbv . . . ivruyxd- 

vovra : lit. that the one of you on each occasion (aei) falling in (with him, 

i. e. r<£ aireiOovvri). ov8' evl is more emphatic than ovdevl, not even 

one man. 

§ 32. €t . . . fieXnov, sc. 8oKe? : lit. if any thing else seem better than in 
this way. There would be more uniformity in the expression by substitut- 
ing aAArj for n &XXo, or else ravra for ravrrj. 6 Idiwr-ns, the common 

soldier ; cf. 1, 3, 11. 

§ 33. dls by attraction instead of a. Kal avriKa, presently also, not 

simply now. avereivav : on the asyndeton, see note 1, 3, 20. 

§ 34. Trpoafielv, impers., governs wv, what there is need of in addition. 

oirov = eKe'io~e ottov, to that place where ; cf. ou 2, 1, 6. irXeov : 

cf. note 1, 2, 11. airexovaas, distant, agrees with nuixas. 

§ 35. el ... el: cf. note on yA\, § 25. 

§ 36. oirXwv : cf. note on to oirXa, 2, 2, 4. riva is the subj. of 

r)ye?cr6cu and both depend on the impers. xp^i w ^ 10 ou 9^ t° lead, whose duty 
it is to lead etc. rivas y sc. XPV- irXaio~iov signifies a hollow rec- 
tangle (not necessarily a square). It was the ordinary arrangement of 

14 



314 NOTES. 

forces in a retreat through a plain country ; especially where they were 

beset by cavalry and light-armed troops ; cf. Hellen. 4, 3, 4. inl rap 

TrAevpwv kKaripav, npon each of the sides ; one would expect here eKarepas. 
The plural seems to be used here, as also in § 37, because each side con- 
sisted of several ranks. ro7s rerayfieuoiS) those who have been arranged, 

those who have be-en appointed to their place. 

§ 37. iireidj] . . . icrri : he was entitled to the post of honor, because 
the Lacedaemonians at that time heldthe hegemony among the Greeks: 

cf. 6, 1, 26. to vvv elvai, for the present at least ; cf. note on to . . . 

elvcu, 1, 6, 9. 

§ 38. aei, on each occasion ; cf. aei § 31. 

§ 39. /jL^nvrjadco . . . elvat, let him remember to be etc. ; if it were &v 
instead of dvai, the idea would be let him remember that he is etc. Gr. 
§ 311, 7. 

chap. in. 

Mithridates comes to the Greeks under the guise of friendship proffering his 
advice, while his real object is manifestly to ascertain their plans. The 
Greeks resolve to listen to no more terms from the Persians. After 
crossing the river Zabatas, being annoyed by the enemy's cavalry and 
light troops, they concert measures to supply this deficiency in their 
forces. 

§ 1. avko-Tinaav : cf. note 6, 2, 5. orov depends on Seoiro (whatever 

any one needed) ; it is limited by rau TrepiTrcoj/, and its antecedent is the 
object of /xereBiSocrav. els £ttt}koov : cf. 2, 5, 38. 

§ 2. Kvpco m<rr6s : cf. 2, 5, 35. evvovs, sc. elfii, which is suggested 

by iyc->, . . . -f\v, although as is often the case in ellipses the tense is differ- 
ent. The form to be supplied may also differ in number, person, and mood 

from the form expressed. Kriig. bpw-qv : for this form of the optat., 

see Gr. § 137, 4. — — na\ . . . %x cav -> having also, etc., i. e. not simply alone. 

irpSs /ae differs from irpbs e/xe in that the enclitic Lie is less prominent 

than the orthotone i/xe. Cf. Gr. § 35, 3. ws <pi\ov : it is more comm 

to repeat the preposition (in tliis instance irpos) when the comparison fol- 
lows as here. <pl\os opposed to the idea Tro\e/juos ; evvovs, to ix0p6s. 

§ 3. ekeye : cf. note 2, 3, 21. tis, any one. The allusion is to 

Tissaphernes. 

§ 4. rwy Ti<r<xa(p4pvovs tis oliceloov. For the same position of t\s, see 
2, 5, 32 ; 5, 7, 19. Cyr. 5, 4, 1 ; 7, 2, 3. Thucyd. 1, 45. But tu>v tis 

oiKetav without Tiffffcupepvovs would be only Ionic. Hert. •jrurreas 

4Ve/ca, for the salce of fidelity, to secure fidelity, i. e. the fidelity of Mithri* 
dates. 



HOOK III. CHAP. III. 315 

§ 5. core followed by flvai (which denotes continued existence) we 
render, while, as long as ; followed by ylyueaBai (which denotes the begin- 
ning of an action, the coming into existence), we render it until. 

UiKapxou • cf. 2, 5, 33. Whether they were the same person, is doubtful. 
<foero ivi&v : cf. 2, 4, 24 ; 2, 6, 3. 

§ 7. lyivovTo : MiOpiddr-ns ical ol avu avT<*>. rwv oirXoov : as in 3, 

2, 36. Ppaxvrepa v) cus i£iKve?adai : lit. a shorter distance than so as to 

reach ; in an Eng. idiom, too short a distance to reach ; Gr. § 341. 

§ 8. iSlwKou has for its subj. the antecedent of ol. 

§ 9. oi/re . . . x u P L Vi nor 2oere ^ ie footmen (the Greeks) able in a short 
space to overtake the footmen (the Persians) in fleeing from a point consider- 
ably in advance ; with iic iroAKov, compare e'/c irXeovos 1, 10, 11. 

§ 10. Kal (pevyovres . . . els ToviriaQev To£eiWres, even while fleeing . ,. . 
by shooting behind. So in later times the Parthians. Cf. Plut. Crass. 24. 
vir4<pevyov afxa fidWovres ol TldpQoi. Virg. Georg. 3, 31. 

§ 11. Sel\rjs here means Se'iXrjs dipias, (the later afternoon, evening,} as 
the words rrjs rj/xepas 6'Atjs show. For the different uses of 5ei\7], see L. 

& S. ; cf. 1, 8, 8. Tas Kcb/xas : mentioned above 3, 2, 34 ; hence the 

article. ovfthv /xaXXov, none the more, i. e. no more than though he had 

remained with the phalanx. 

§ 12. fiTiauTO : see note on io'TpaTOTredevero 2, 2, 15 ; and on tho 
change of mood Qriwyro and uaprvpoiri), cf. note 2, 2, 15. 

§ 13. aXrjdrj \eyere : a brief and lively expression for rf/ a\r)0eia iyi- 
yero & Ae^ere, in truth those things which you say took place. 

§ 14. x <*pis, sc. £rw. Cf. Cyrop. 7, 5, 72 ; 8, 7, 3. So in Eng. the 
verb is often omitted : thanks to the gods that etc. 

§ 15. oaov, as much as, here predicated of space : such a distance that 

neither etc. ol e/c x ei P os fidWovres : same as ol (xKovriGTai § 7 above. 

££iKi/e7a6at, to reach, often stands thus without any definite object. 

7roAu belongs to x a} P i0t/ ' * v oXiya) . . . pv/xaros, and in a short space 

not even though a footman were fleet icould he overtake in pursuit a footman 
who had a bow-shot the start, iic . . . pv/xaros is analogous to e/c ttoAAou § 9. 
Cf. ix TTKelovos 1, 10, 11. 

§ 16. r,{xe?s : we should expect here Tipuu depending on Se?, but the 
case is determined by the nearest verb /xeXXofxev, being a species of attrac- 
tion. Cf. note on Tlp6£evos 2, 5,41. o~<psvl>ovr)T(av depends 'on 5e?, 

Gr. § 273, 5. (b.) t?V raxio-rrjv, cf. note 1, 3, 14. o~<pevZov&i 

depends on §nr\a<riov used substantively. crtyepSovii here denotes by meton. 
the stone which is flung. So in 3, 4, 4 ; 4, 3, 29 ; 5, 2, 14. The clause, 
reads, and their missile is borne even twice the distance of the stones from the 
Persian slings. 

§ 17, S(a to . . . o~<pevdowi/, from the fact that (the Persians) sling 
with etc. 



31 G NOTES. 

§ IS. avTwp depends on rives. ireiravrai, cf. note on eTreiraro 1, 9, 

19. tovtco : as rives was just before used, we should expect here the 

plural ; but in using the sing, one person is presented as an example of what 
would be done for all. avr&v, for them, i. e. the slings. For the gov- 
ernment, see Gr. § 275, 8. r<f . . . ideXovri, to the one who is trilling 

being enrolled to act as slinger. • aXXi]v riva areXeiav, something else as 

an immunity. Cf. note on aXXo devdpov 1, 5, 5. This immunity might 
perhaps be exemption from the duty of acting as sentinels. - 

§ 19. robs fxev rivas : cf. note on ras 8e rivas 2, 3, 15. t<£ KAeap- 

X&>, by Clearchus, dat. of agent ; Gr. § 284, 3, 11. els lirireas tcara- 

0-Kevdo-cc/j.ev, prepare for horsemen, i. e. by equipping these horses with the 
armor suitable for the use of horsemen. 

§20. iSoKifxacrOriffai/, were approved; So/cj^ua^w is the common word for 
this idea. 

CHAP. IV. 

Contains an account of several days' march from the level country in the 
neighborhood of Nineveh into the hilly region bordering on the Cardu- 
chian mountains. The Greeks are at first attacked by Mithridatea 
whom they easily repulse ; afterwards, by Tissaphernes with a large 
army, from which they experience considerable annoyance. 

§ 1. ry clXXtj • aXXos preceded by the article generally means (espe- 
cially in the sing, numb.) the rest of, but that meaning cannot be assigned 
to it here. Cf. 2, 1, 3 ; 6, 1, 15, where rjj aXXr) means as here, on the 
next day. icp' fj, at which, connect in idea with ernQoivro. 

§ 2. SLafiefinKotri, after they had crossed over ; the notion of time is the 
prominent idea of the parti cip. here ; so also just above 8iafiaij/ovo~iv, while 
crossing over. — — — av . . . Xafirj : cf. note on eav ^u?j 5i5<£ 1, 3, 14. 

§ 3. Trapj)yye\ro n.r.X., and orders had been given who of the targeteers 

should pursue etc. rwv nreXraarcov limits ovs the subject of Siu>Keiv. 

frappovai, particip. agreeing with rails linrevo-iv ; more conveniently ren- 
dered as an adv. to pursue boldly. as, on the supposition that, feeling 

assured that. Cf. note on ws 1, 1, 2. 

§ 4. KareL\r}(pei, sc. avrovs. ccpevSovai : cf. note on o*<pevb*ovS>v 3, 

3, 16. effriixrive, sc. 6 ffaXiriyKr^s. Cf. note on eadXiny^e 1, 2, 17. 

edeov . . . eXprjro, they to whom orders had been given ran towards the same 
point, i. e. towards the enemy. ol Se ; i. e. ol iroXe^iot. 

§ 5. ro7s fiapfidpois, on the side of the barbarians ; dat. incomm., limit- 
ing aneQavov and also eXr]<pdr}o'av. on qualifies (pofiepararov, as 

shocking as possible. bpav depends on <po$epu>rarov, Gr. § 306, 

Rem. 10. 



BOOK III. CHAP. IV. 317 

§ 6. outo) rcpd^avres, having fared this, having experienced such fortune. 
With o'jto) ■Kpd.TTeiv, compare e3 irpdrreiu etc. Cf. note 1, 9, .10. 

§ 7. AapKraa. This apparently Grecian name need not- occasion sur- 
prise, since the numerous cities of this name in Greece are of Pelasgic, 
hence also of oriental origin. The meaning of the word Larissa is not yet 
settled, and in the present instance it is prohahly not the name hy which 
the place went among the Pei-sians. From ifs proximity to the Zab, it 
was evidently the city whose ruins are now called Athur (= Ashur) or 
Nimvoud. Through the indefatigable exertions of Layard many remarkable 
relics of ancient Assyrian art have been recently discovered here, and are 

now among the most interesting objects in the British Museum. Mrj- 

doi : cf. note on Mr}5ias 2, 4, 27. rb eupos without fxer, as though 

v\pos 5 5 k.Kar6v did not follow; cf. 4, 8, 9. tov . . . irepiodos, the entire 

circumference. ■kXivQois Kepaixivais : cf. note on ttXivQois birrcus 2, 4, 12. 

§ 8. fia<TL\evs, i. e. Cyrus the Elder. t\\iov k.t.A. ; in this way 

certain Grecian philosophers also explained eclipses of the sun. #£e\i- 

irou, sc. tV ttoKlv. Taking the eclipse as an unlucky omen, they were led 
to abandon their city. 

§ 9. irapd, cf. note 1, 2, 13. 

§ 10. irpbs [t?7] irShei. If the article is the true reading, then tho 

meaning is near the city, i. e. the one to which the fort belongs. 

Me<riri\a. This also, as in the case of Larissa, seems not to be the true 
name, but perhaps a corruption of the name given in the Aramaean rural 
dialect to the region of country or to the ruins. It is very surprising that 
Xen. did not learn what we so well know from the Grecian and Roman 
writers of a later period, and from the Arabic writers of the middle ages, 
as well as from the interesting discoveries of recent times, — the fact that 
he was among the ruins of Nineveh (r} N?j/os), once the capital of the old 
Assyrian empire, a city described in the most glowing terms by the Greeks 
themselves. It was situated on the eastern bank of the Tigris, nearly 
opposite the modern city of Mosul ; and was built almost entirely of 
the shelly marble (hiOos KoyxvXidrTjs) in which the adjacent country 
abounded. 

§ 11. virb TIepffcov : this construction is employed because airc&Aecrav 
t^v apxh v (= i(TT€p^idr](rau rrjs apxvs) is pass, in idea : — lost the govern- 
me?it, were deprived of the government ; cf. 7, 2, 22. 

§ 12. xp(W<, by time ; — the means of subsistence being consumed by 
the length of the siege. i/ifi^oTTiTovs, mad, insane ; or as others under- 
stand it terrified by a storm. iaXcti from aXiaKOjxai : observe that all 

the parts of this verb are pass, in meaning, though some of the forms are 
in the act. voice. 

§ 13. eis . . . tTTa.6tJ.6v. The preposition is to be understood as in 1, 



318 NOTES. 



7, 1, since ara6/x6s here denotes the notion of time. ?j\dev. The fact 

that he went np to Babylon with horsemen is mentionedln 1, 2, 4. Cf. 
also 2, 4, 8. e^w * s *° De repeated in mind, as though he had written 
%X' XlV ovs ?i\dev e%cuy, he appeared with (e^wy) the horsemen that he himself 
came (np to Babylon) with (excw), etc. So with av£$t) and ipo-fjOei, repeat 

ex«v in mind. Imreas : antecedent in the relative clause ; cf. note 1, 

2, 1. exovros, in matrimonio habentis. 6 . . . ade\cp6s, cf. 2, 4, 

25. irpos, in addition to. 

§ 14. el%6y . . . Karacrr-fjo-as is -understood as a circumlocution for 

Kariarrjaeu. uiricrdev, in the rear, i. e. of the Greeks. els ra. ir\d~ 

yia, in the direction towards the flanks (of the Grecian army). 

§ 15. ^.KvQai evidently does not belong here. irpov9v/j,e?ro, sc. 

atxapraveiv avdpos. ovBe yap . . . pdSiov "f\v : because the enemy stood 

so close together. fy stands without av, because the consequence was 

necessary and unconditional. 

§ 17. tccd . . . Tlepaticd, the Persian implements of archery also, as well 

as those of the Cretans. ro7s Kprjat belongs to ^p^crt^a. ra ro^ev- 

p.ara means the arrows ; ra r6£a, the implements of archery including bows 
and arrows. 8ier£\ovv xp^^voi, they continually used ; so didyeiu 1, 

2, 11 ; diayiyvecrQai 1, 5, 6 ; 2, 6, 5 ; 4, 5, 5. e/xe^ercoy ro^veiy, lit. 

they practised to shoot, i. e. as we should say in practising they shot. 

&v(a tevres jxaKpdv, far upwards (lit. casting (sc. their arrows) yar upward}. 
Tbis was done that they might the more easily recover them, without 

being compelled to go far from the mam army. iroXXd belongs both to 

vevpa and fio\vfidos. Cf. note on -jroWd 3, 1, 2. 

§ 18. p.e'iov %x ovres : c ^ note 1» 10> 8. 

§ 19. TrXaicriov IcowXevpoy, a square ; cf. note 3, 2, 36. aruytcvwrr}, 

bend together, i. e. approach each other. ra Kepara, the wings, § 22 at 

irXevpai. ooov crrevorepas . . . opeccy . . . yz<pvpas : these contingencies 

would now occur ; for immediately north of Mosul the fruitful plain of 
Assyria becomes more hilly and is intersected by numerous brooks which 

flow down from the mountains of Kourdistan. iK.QA.ifiso'Qai robs bir\L- 

ras, that the heavy-armed men are thrown out of their ranks. The heavy- 
armed men in the van and the rear particularly would be thus disturbed. 
The targeteers also in the van and rear (see 3, 3, 8 ; 3, 4, 40 and 43) 
would in like manner be thrown into confusion, but the heavy-armed alone 
are mentioned because they constituted the principal part of tbe forces at 
the points in question. 

§ 20. hiaaxv (from Sl^x 00 ) ' 1S tne opposite in meaning of ffvyKinrrco. 
rb p.iaov rwv tcepdrav, the space between the icings. Sidfiaciv, cf. note 2, 

3, 10. f3ov\6/j.evos (pdaffai irpuros, wishing to get over first. — — 

eveTriOerov '?jv, it icas easy to make an attack. The adjective joined to the 



• BOOK III. CHAP. IV. 319 

impersonal %v must be understood as a substantive predicate. Cf. irpoa- 
&ar6v 4, 3, 12 ; and the plurals fidaifxa 3, 4, 49 ; jSa-ra 4, 6, 17. 

§ 21. e| \6xovs. Three of these were to constitute the van and three 
the rear of the square (jrXaiaiov) ; cf. § 43 below. Each K6%os consisted 
of two Trei/T7]K0<XTV€S (commanded by ir€VT7)K0tfT7Jpes), and each irevTr,- 

kocttvs of two ivca/xoriat (commanded by ivcofAOTupx&O' &,\Aovs k.t.\., 

and others as commanders of Pentekosties, and others as commanders of 

Enomoties ; cf. note 1, 5, 5. ovtoi Se TropevSjxevoi, and while they were 

on the march. We should expect here the gen. abs. ; yet see note on 

/xax6ij.evoi 1, 8, 27. oi Aox a 7 01 ' : these of course were attended by 

their companies (\6xoi). So also § 23. 4^w9ev ra>v Kepdrwv, apart 

from the wings ; i. e. as we learn from {nre/xevov vcrepot, behind the wings. 
Hence the definition of Traprjyov, they made the men march of sideivays, given 
by L. & S. referring to this passage, is not accurate. Translate thus, but 
then they led (their men) along behind the wings. 

§ 22. &*/ i^TTifxirKacrav : cf. note on ay cupeitero 1, 9, 19. to 5i4- 

X ov y th e vacant space. Kara, \6xovs, with companies of a hundred men ; 

so arranged that the lochus constituted but a single file of a hundred men 
deep. Thus there would be six men abreast. Kara. irevT., in companies 
of fifty ; so arranged that each company constituted but a single file of 
fifty men deep. Thus there would be twelve men abreast, tear eVa>/.c, 
in companies of twenty-five men? so arranged as to form a single file of each 
company. Thus there would be twenty-four men abreast, and they would 
consequently fill a vacant space in the line of the square (to Siexov) four 
times as large as the companies of a hundred. 

§ 23. iv tw ix4psi. in their turn ; cf. 7, 6, 36. rt, in any respect ; 

it may be rendered perchance. rrjs <pd\ayyos depends on itov, -as an 

adv. of place : and if perchance occasion required it (Seof, sc. tovtovs eVi- 

■Kapelvai), these were at hand (ready for assistance). tovtw tS Tpoirca 

applies unquestionably not alone to the next four marches, but to those 
which followed. This thought was in the mind of the writer : in this 
manner they continued their march without meeting with any thing worthy of 
notice in the next four stages (Kruger). 

§ 24. eldov fiaaiXziov ti : they beheld a certain royal structure. This 
was seen from a distance, being situated on an eminence of the foremost 
range of the Kourdish mountains. This range extends westward to the 
Tigris. It is now called by the Kourds Tscha Spi ; by the Arabs, Dsche- 
bcl Abjad. Both signify white mountain. (Cf. §§ 30, 37, where it is called 

opos.) tou upovs, the mountain, i. e. the one in sight directly before 

them ; hence the force of the article. da'/xevoi. Cf. note 2, 1, 16. 

§ 25. us . . . avafi., as if to etc. ; cf. note 1, 1, 3. tov eTepov = 

rbv SevTepov (cf. § 28). efSahXov . . . iTo^vov. Notice the asyndeton. 



320 NOTKS. 

These three verbs denote the different modes of discharging missiles ; 

namely with the hand, with slings, and with hows. virb fxao-Tiyoov 

(Gr. § 299, 1. (2.) (c).), under the lash ; being constantly scourged. The 
Persian government resorted to this means of making the slavish people 
fight well. Cf. Herod. 7, 21, apvacov virb [xaarriywiv, they dug under the 
lash, spoken of the army of Xerxes at Mt. Athos. In other passages also 
Herod, mentions the same practice. 

§ 26. 'EWtjvwu, nsed adjectively. So regularly names of nations with 

nouns denoting persons. Cf. Adicwva 5, 1, 15 ; "EWrives 6, 5, 26. 

ip rw o%A^, among the attendants of the army ; within the square of heavy- 
armed men. 

§ 27. birXlrai ovres. The particip. expresses the notions of time, 
cause, and condition. Here the notion of cause is the prominent idea, and 
it may be rendered, because they were heavy-armed men. 

§ 28. ravrd must not be confounded with ravra. irplu . . . avi\ya- 

yov instead of avaydyoiev (until they should lead up) ; the construction 
avrjyayou is as though ovk iKivqcrav instead of p.)] Kiveiv had preceded. 
Kriig. 

§ 29. oi iro\4jjuoi : the first denotes the Persians, but the second, at 

the end of the §, denotes the Greeks. airoTfi-qOe'nqacu/. This form of 

the optat. 3d pers. plural is much less common than the termination -e?ev. 

Gr. § 116, 7. It occurs again § 35 below, and 4, 3, 21 ; 5, 7, 20. -= 

a : JTu>v, the Persians. 

§ 30. /carcS, along, over, Gr. § 292, II. (1.) (b.) oi 5e: the tar- 

geteers § 28. iiriirapiSvTes : passing along on the mountain in a 

direction parallel to the main army and at no great distance from it ; cf. 

6, 3, 19. els ras udofxas : mentioned § 24, hence the article. 

larpous : doubtless the same that Cyrus had previously employed. No 
doubt in Greece itself the necessity of surgeons connected with the army 
had long before been learned. 

§ 31. koX ajxa adds another reason ; hence = k<x\ ajxa on, and at the 

same time because. tb caTpcnrevovri. The satraps had to provide for 

the troops in their own satrapy. Cf. Cyrop. 8, 6, 3. Oecon. 4, 5 and 6. 

§ 32. airo/maxoi, away from the ranks. Three classes were not in a con- 
dition for fighting ; the wounded, those tvho carried the wounded, and those 
tcho had taken the armor of the persons who carried the wounded. 

§ 33. ttoAu . . . dKscpepev . . . rj : it was far otherwise than ; or in our 
idiom, it was a very different thing to etc., from (what it was) tofght etc. 
e/c x^P as op/*' j rushing out from a fixed position. Cf. 4k Xeppovfjcrov opfx. 
1, 1, 9. 

§ 34. rov 'EWtjvikov depends on air- , and CTaStW on fieiov. iiri- 

OaivTcu : cf. note on KaranS-tyy 1, 8, 24. 



BOOK I!!. ( ll-W. IV. 321 

§ 35. irovr)p6v : of. note on (pojSepd>Ta.Tov 2, 5, 9. d>s iwl rb iroKv : 

cf. note 3, 1, 42. rov . . . cpevyeiv kveKa, el : to the end that they may 

not flee, if etc. The construction is elliptical, and we may supply mentally 

birep ttv yevoiro, which very thing would take place if etc. ; cf. 7, 8, 1G. 

Set . . . avbpi. Instead of the dat. the accus. would be the common con- 
struction with 5e?. froopaKiaOei'Ta agrees with the subject of aua^Tjuai. 

For the change from dat. to accus., cf. note on Aa/3<Wa 1, 2, 1. With 
this whole passage, cf. Cyrop. 3, 3, 26 and 27. 

§ 36. SiayyeWofxei/ovs, tliat they were passing along the word, i. c. to de- 
part. e/d)pu|e, the herald proclaimed. Cf. note on icraAiriy^e 1, 2, 17. 

§ 37. koX avToi : et ipsi, cf. § 44. ■% u> P l0V Oirepbf^ioy . . . rj, a place 

on the right hand above (the way) where. anpcovvx^, hi apposition 

with yjupiov. tipovs, cf. note § 24. vcp' riv : under which is an 

inadequate translation, since it does not express the notion of direction or 
extension contained in the accus. case ; Gr. § 299, III. (1.) In German, 
it is expressed by unter dem hin. veblou : the small level valley be- 
tween the first range of mountains (cf. note § 24) and the principal range. 
Through it flows westward a tributary of the Tigris called Chabur. The 
same valley is meant by the expression eV r<S Trebiq} 3, 5, 2. 

§ 38. ovpd : agmen extremum, the opposite of oTcfyia (§ 42) agmcn 
primum. 

§ 39. 7][xiv, dat. incommodi. Gr. § 284, 3, Rem. 4. tovtovs, 

these men, i. e. those by whom the eminence had been preoccupied. 

§ 40. ep-nfxa, defenceless. ttws, cf. note 1, 7, 2. tls : indef. one, 

some one. As the reference was of course to themselves, the idea would 

be better expressed by the English tve. a7reAa ; for the form, cf. note 

on IXSivra 1, 8, 10. 

£41. aurou is intensive ; lit. above their own army itself, i. e. above their 
very army. So ipse in Latin : e. g. Caes. B. G. 5, 43, sub ipso vallo ; B. 

C. 3, 19, ad ripam ipsam fiuminis. kavT&v, i. e. the Greeks. 

fiovAei : for the three verbs which regularly take this form of the 2d pers. 

sing, in the Att. dialect, see Gr. § 116, 11. ^eVe . . . Tropevov: one 

would expect to find with these words o~b /.ieV as the proper antithesis of 
iyco Se. Kriia;. and Hert. say in explanation that the words iyu Se wero 
not contemplated when /xeve and tropevou were uttered. It seems rathei 
that Xen. by giving such prominence to iyoj Se' would indicate his own 
entire willingness either to go or to stay ; cf. 7, 3, 36. 

§ 42. clirdv : an asyndeton like 4, 1, 20, and 4, 8, 6, where an answer 
follows immediately after a question or a proposition containing the sub- 
stance of a question ; and where the verb or particip. stands first. of, 

dat. from ou, governed by avv in composition with irepif/cu ; ol the article 
is a proclitic, o'l the plural of os (the relative pron.) is always orthotone, 

14* 



322 notes. 

of the dat. is an enclitic. p.aKpbv ^v, it was a long distance ; i. e. tod 

long a distance for the time allowed them, since their plan required tha 
utmost dispatch. 

§ 43. robs airb rod err. -k. ; cf. robs 4k ruv Tr6\ecav 1, 2, 3. robs 

rpiaKoalovs . . . rcov iiriKeKrwu ; these were half of the six companies men- 
tioned in § 21. 

§ 44. ajxiWao-Qai iitl rb &Kpov, to vie (with the Greeks) in the attempt 
to reach the summit. 

§ 45. diaKe\svop.eva}v : cf. note on Kowrovres 2, 1, 6. 

§ 46. vvv . . . vvv : cf. note on v/xe?s 3, 1, 37. tV honrfjj/, sc. 65oV. 

§ 47. ovk ii 1o~ov . . . io~/j.ev, we are not on equal footing. x a ^- €7r ^ s 

qualifies <£epw_ 

§ 48. tea) «« : cf. note 1, 8, 16. ■ ex uv > with (it ; i. e. the shield of 

Soteridas). — &ct>paica . . . rbv linriK6v. The hreast-plate of a horseman 

was heavier than that of a footman. Cf. Plut. Philop. 6. indyeiv, 

to lead slowly on. ro7s . . . kfrojxevois, and those behind though following 

(those in front) with difficulty, to pass along by (him). 

§ 49. 6 Se, hut he, i. e. Xenophon. avafids, sc. iirl rbv 'iirirov. 

fidcrifxa . . . afiara, sc. t&3 'Livxip. Cf. note on eveiriBerov 3, 4, 20. 

tfyev is often used absolutely as here the accus. being omitted ; he led (his 
men), or simply he took the lead. — : — cpddvovo'iv . . . TroXepiovs, they anti- 
cipate the enemy in arriving etc. ; cf. 5, 7, 16. 



CHAP. V. 

The Greeks being still harassed by the Persians arrive at a point where 
the Carduchian mountains reach the Tigris, and hang precipitous over 
the river. After considerable deliberation and diligent enquiry^Rrom 
the captives, they resolve to attempt the passage of the mountains. 

§ 1. ayaOcov here denotes the means of subsistence. Cf. 3, 1, 20 ; 4, 
6, 27 ; 6, 6, 1. 

§ 2. teal yap (cf. note 1, 1, 6,) explains the reason why the Greeks 

were dispersed in the plain for plunder. 8ia/3i/3a£<4 / u.ej'az, lit. while being 

transported over, i. e. while their owners were transporting them over ; it 
is to be connected with KareK^cpdrfaav as a predicate. 

§ 3. ivvoovfxzvoi contains the notion of fear, and hence is followed by pA\ 

instead of on as in 3, 1, 2. icaloisv, sc. ol iro\e/xioi. — ■■ — <=xoiev, sc. ol 

"EWyves. oirodev, any place from zchich. Cf note on '66ev 2, 4, 5. — — 

tb imrriSeia is the object of Aafifidvoiev. 

§ 4. aTT-fjeaau 4k t?)s fiondeias, returned from rendering assistance, i. e. 
to the Greeks scattered tbrough the plain and attacked by the enemy 



BOOK III. CHAP. V. 323 

(see § 2). It seems to be taken as a matter of course that assistance 
would be rendered to them, and bence the article before (Bondeias ; al- 
though no mention had previously been made of such assistance. (Hert.) 

Karefi-n, descended, i. e. from the mountain ; see end of ch. 4. 

i]viKa . . . oi "EWrjyes, when the Greeks (returning from the assistance, i. e.) 
after having rendered the required assistance met him (i. e. Xenophon) on their 

retuiii. oi "EW-nves, i. e. Chirisophus and his party, who had just 

been opposed to the enemy. 

§ 5. vtyUvras, sc. robs Tro\e/j.iovs, tlvat (the enemy) are giving up etc. It 
depends on Spare ; for the accus. and particip. instead of accus. with the 

inh'n., see Gr. § 310, 4. fj.7] Kaieip . . . x^P av ls epexegetical of a : for 

ichaMhey stipulated (that we should not do, namely) that we should not set 
fire to the country etc. For the stipulation here alluded to, cf. 2, 3, 27. 

vvv . . . aWorpiav, now they themselves do, setting fire (to the country) as 

though it belonged to another. Kaiovci is a brief expression for iroiovo-i 

KaiovTts. 

§ 6. fioyOeiv iiri, to march against. ws . . . fifierepas, sc. yjkpas., 

as if in defence of etc. 

§ 7. (TKTjvds : not properly tents, since these, according to 3, 3, 1, had 
been burned ; but rather in general camp, or encampment, which in this 
instance was a village (§ 1 above). So gkt)vz1v and vK-nvovv are often to 

be understood simply to encamp ; cf. 3, 4, 32. arpaT-nyol ical Xox^yoi : 

witbout the article, as often when several names (particularly of persons 

holding office) are joined together. Cf. 4, 7, 25 ; 6, 5, 12 ; 6, 6, 30. 

ivdev [xkv . . . ZvQev 5e, cf. note 2, 4, 22. roaovros to fiddos ws, lit. so 

much in depth that, = so deep that. fxt]Be . . . fidOovs, not even the spears 

of (the persons) trying the depth rose above (the water). For an idea of the 
ordinary length of a Grecian spear, see Diet. Antiqq. p. 135. 

§ 8. Kara is distributive, in companies oj "etc. Gr. § 292, II. (3.) (d.) 

§ 9. ao~Kwv : cf. note on SicpOepas, 1, 5, 10. iroAAa k.t.A.., not / see 

these many sheep etc. This would require rd before jTrpSfiara. Rather, 
/ see here many sheep etc. iroWa irpofiara is a predicate of ravra and 

hence the article is wanting. a airo^apevra ko.\ <pvo"nd£vTa ; a brief 

expression for wv airoo'apzvTwv to 54pfA.ara cpvo-ndei/ra. (Hert.) 

§ 10. tovtois, i. e. ro?s de&fio'is. op/xiaas . . . aaK.6v, lit. having 

anchored each skin, i. e. having made fast each skin. AiOovs . . . v§wp, 

by tying stones (to them) and casting (these) as anchors into the water. 

Siayaywv . . . S^cos, having conveyed (the leathern bottles) over (the river) 
and having bound (them) at both ends, i. e. on each bank of the river. His 
object was to make, not a mere raft, but a temporary bridge. 

§ 11. fjidka efoearde (fut. of olSa), you shall know for a certainty. 

e|ei, will hold, will prevent. In this sense the fut. o - %Vja'a» instead of e£a> is 



324 NOTES. 

almost invariably used. — — rod fj.}] Karadvvai, from sinking. For the 
negative, cf. note on to fiT] KaraTreTpwdrjyai 1, 3, 2. 

§ 12. to ij/dvfXTjfia, the conception, the plan ; to epyov, the execution. 

ol KooXvaovres, the persons that would hinder (the execution). Cf. the con- 
struction of 6 to\ijlt)c<>)v 2, 3, 5. Tots TrpdiTois, the foremost, i. e. the 

first men who attempted the execution of the proposed plan. 

§ 13. Trpbs BafivXwva : here of course denoting only the general direc- 
tion, i. e. towards the south. naTaKavaas evQzv, for they had burned 

down those from which etc. The participle is here causal, and ivQzv = 

ravras e| ay. ofxoioi %o~av frav/xafciv, seemed to wonder. Such a use 

of o/xoioi l\aav in the sense of icpneaav or £86kovv can scaicely he found 

elsewhere. Tpfyovrai and %x oi * v : for a similar change of mo6%, cf. 

2, 1, 2 ; 2, 2, 15 ; 4, 5, 10. oiroi and rl : the indirect and the direct 

interrogative in the same construction. Cf. irotov and ottcos 2, 5, 7. 

§ 14. t'is eKaarrr], sc. yapa. 

§ 15. to. . . . e?77, the regions southward belonged to the (country) in the 

direction of Babylon etc. t) . . . (pepoi : here we must supply, instead 

of x^P a > °$° s : ^ ie ( wa y) eastward would lead etc. &epi£eiv and iapi- 

(eiv are to be understood in the inverse order (xiao-Tus) of Susa and Ecba- 
tana ; as &epi£eiv is predicated of Ecbatana and iapi£eiv of Susa ; cf. Cyrop. 

8, 6, 22. % Se SiafidvTi, but the way to one having crossed over etc. 

For the construction of Sia&dvn, see Gr. § 284, 3. (10.) Cf. 6, 4, 1. 

on : for a similar arrangement, cf. 6, 3, 11. Kapfiovxovs. The same 

that are now called Kourds ; by the old Syriac writers called Kardu ; and 
by the Armenian, Kordu, in the plural Kordukh (hence perhaps the Greek 
ending -%oj). By the later Greek writers the country itself was called 
Kapdov7jvri, Kopdov^vrj, and also TopSvala. 

§ 16. fiacriAecos ouk aKoveiv, did not hear to, i. e. did not obey the king. 
Gr. § 273, Rem. 18. ijxfiaXuu . . . arparidv : this clause is gram- 
matically coordinate, though logically subordinate, as though it were 
ififiaXovaris . . . o-rpartas, with the omission of 5e after tovtwv. It would 
then read, but even on a certain occasion when a royal army of twelve myriads 
had made an incursion among them, no one of these returned etc. Cf. note 1, 

9, 14. iirifxiyvvvaL, depends on %<pacrav ; it is here used intransitively 

(cf. note on o-vp.}j.i^eiav 2, 1, 2), in which sense iTri/xiyuvadai would be more 

common. crtpwy and iKeiucoy, partitive genitives, dependent on e7ri-> 

jxiyvvvai, and not only that some of themselves transacted business with the 
Carduchians (jeKtivovs), but also that some of the Carduchians (e/ceiVw) engaged 
in business with them ; atyiav and kavrovs being reflexives refer to the per- 
sons speaking, and thus remove the ambiguity which would arise from the 
use of so many pronouns in our language. 

§ 17. eKaCTax^o-e etSeyai, that they knew the way in every direction."——' 



BOOK IV. CHAP. I. 325 

tovtovs, i.e. robs KapSovxovs. ecpaaav, sc. oi eoXw/c^Tes. (The cap" 

tires') affirmed that (the Creeks) having passed through these etc. 

§ 18. rrjs upas depends on oirnviKa, at the very hour when it should seem 

expedient. t)]v virepfioArji' rcov bpiuv here denotes the place for crossing 

the mountains, the pass ; in 1, 2, 25, it denotes the act of crossing. We have 
here in the construction another instance of anticipation ; cf. note 1, 1, 5. 



BOOK FOURTH. 

"Oca eV tj/ iropela. rrj fi*XP l * n ^ &d\arTav t^]v iv rep Ev^eluu W.6vtco, 
kclI us iirl Tpaire£ovvTa, rr6\iv 'EAA7?i/i5a, a<pLKOVTO, Kal us airtdvaav t 
etf|aj/TO awTTjpia frvaeiv ZvQa irpurou els <pi\iav yr\v a<piKoivTo. — From the 
entrance into the Carduchian country to the sea. 



CHAP. I. 

Narrative of several days' march among the Carduchian mountains. The 
Greeks suffer severely from the ruggedness of the country, from the 
assaults of the Carduchians and from the severity of the cold. They 
are at last shut up in a deep valley, while the only apparent egress is 
occupied by the barbarians. 

§ 1. oaa . . . iiroAe/x'fjdr) irpbs tovs "EAAwvas, what hostile measures were 
adopted against the Greeks etc. 

§ 2. evda = eKer<re tvQa, to the place where. We may also in English 
omit the demonstrative before the relative adverb : when they arrived where 

the river etc. irdpoSos, passage along by the side (of the river). air6- 

TOfia . . . iKp4fx.aro (from Kpe/xdvyufj.i), hung precipitous etc. 

§ 3. ruv bXiCKOp-ivuv = ruv kaAutcSruv, from those who had been taken, 
from the captives. Several verbs in the present, besides their proper signi- 
fication, have also a sort of perfect meaning; as cpevyu, I fee, or / am ban- 
ished ; vik5> and uparu, / conquer, or / am conqueror ; Tjrrufxai, I am being 
conquered, or / am conquered ; adiKw. I do injustice, or I have done injustice, 
am olZikos ; so also ahicrKo^ai, I am being taken, or less frequently / am 
taken. Kriig. Spr. 53, 1, 3. irepdacri, (they might go around), cor- 
responds in construction to $iafSri<rovTou, since dfit has a future significa- 
tion. fiovKuvrai : cf. note on iav /U77 didw 1, 3, 11. ras ir-nyas 

i\4yero ilvai : a construction not less common than at Tr-nyal £\4yovro 
thai. Cf. 1, 2, 12 ; 1, 8, 6. ov -rrpSau rod Tiyp-nros is an inaccurate 



326 NOTES. 

form of expression instead of ov irpocreo rcov rov Tiyprjros, as is very com- 
mon in comparisons. See note on yAeKTpov 2, 3, 15. /col . . . ex op 

and it is thus. Xen. had just spoken of it as being reported (eAeysro), 
and he adds it is really thus, outws *X elv i io ^ iave (itself) thus, to be thus. 

§ 5. tV reXevralav <pv\a.K7)v. The Greeks divided the night into three 

watches, the Romans into four. ocrov . . . irefiioj/, lit. as much as that 

they might pass through the plain in the darkness ; i. e. in an Eng. idiom, so 

much that they might etc. CKoraiovs, cf. note on o~KOTatoi 2, 2, 17. 

a7ro : cf. 2, 5, 32. airb Trapayyekcrews, at the word of command. The 

signal was not given in this instance by the herald or by the trumpeter, 
lest it attract the attention of the enemy. 

§ 6. to a.[j.(p' avrov, that (part of the army) around himself i. 6, his own 

men. omaOocpvka^iv belongs as an attributive to oirXiTais, with the 

heavy-armed men who guarded the rear. ^77, that, lest ; klvSvvos in the 

preceding clause implies the notion of fear. iropevofxevuv gen. abs., 

while they were going ; cf. iSuruy 1, 4, 12. ZiricivoiTo from i(piivojj.ai. 

§ 7. aet is to be connected in idea both with tcpe'nrero and with virep- 
fiaWov : and that part of the army constantly crossing over (the summit) 
followed on continually (after Chirisophus) etc. 

§ 8. yvvcunas . . . iralSas : without the article ; so commonly, cf. 1, 4, 
8 ; 5, 3, 1 ; 3,1, 3. e? irus, if in any way, or expressing what is im- 
plied, to see if in any way ; cf. § 21 below. Suivai : cf. dt^aovaiu 3, 2, 

23. <pi\ias it will be observed has the position of a predicate ; Gr. 

§ 245, 3. (b.) The idea is, through the country as if (it were) friendly. 

§ 9. ore? : cf. note on oaris 1, 1, 5. ovre . . . vttt}kovov, neither lis- 
tened to (them) zchile calling etc. 

§ 10. a-KOTatoi : cf. § 5. rives added to bkiyoi denotes the idea 

of indefiniteness, as we say some few ; bxlyoi . . . uvres, being some few (in 
number). Though they were but few, they had inflicted some wounds and 
even slain some of the Greeks. e£ aTrpoaSoKrjrov ex improviso. 

§ 11. iKivdvyevcrei/ av diacp- , would have incurred the danger of being 

destroyed. cvveapoiv aWrjXovs is understood to mean rallied one another 

(by means of fire-signals). Sintenis and Hert. with much reason approve 
of awefiooiv (instead of avve&poiv), they called to one another, as in 6, 3, 6. 

§ 12. re has for its correlative Kai before bivSaa, although the last 
clause (being modified by the intervening words lcaraXnrovras raXXa) does 

not altogether correspond logically to the first. apelvai, to set at liberty, 

from cMp'njp.1. 

§ 13. ol £tt\ rovrois ovres : those who were appointed over these (cap- 
tives), i. e. to have charge of them. Cf. eV aureus 1, 4, 2. airSfxaxoi, 

cf, 3, 4, 32. Solars ravra, when these things were resolved on ; accus. 

abs. ; cf, i£6v 2, 5, 22. The particip. 5o|aj/ is used with ravra on the 



BOOK IV. CHAP. I. 327 

same principle that the neut. plur. takes a verb in the sing. Besides this 
expression the Greeks used SS^avra ravra, So^dvTow tovtwv, and Z6^o.vtos 
tovtov. Gr. § 312, 5. 

§ 14. ei Tt : cf. note 1, 5, 1. eX Tl • . . a<pei/j.evov t whatever they 

found (that was) not given up of the things mentioned. ru>v elp7]/.Uvcoi/, cf. 

§ 12. ol 5e, i. e. the soldiers. ir\7}v el, unless. eK\e\pev, passed 

any thing (rl) through secretly, or by stealth, which is the same metaphor as 

enXetyev. oXov, as for example. ruiv evirpeiruv, gen. of the whole 

(often called partitive gen.) limiting iraid6s and ywain6s ; lit. having desired 
a boy or woman of those (that were) beautiful = having desired a beautiful boy 

or woman. ra fxev rt . . . to. 5e Kai, partly . . . partly ; ra fiev, though 

plural in form, is not contemplated as such in idea, and hence the sing. r\ 
is joined to it; cf. Hell. 7, 1, 46. 

§ 15. els : cf. note 1, 7, 1. 

§ 16. avax&CovTes, returning. In 4, 7, 10, avexd£eTO. ^ i s regularly 
deponent, the active form being (excepting Xen.) poetic. 

§ 17. •jrctpeyyuajTO, optat. impei'f. of irapeyyvdw. r6re Se, .ut in 

this instance, the one to be related. irpayfxa, trouble, difficulty, as iu 6, 

3, 6, and in the common formulas irpa.yixa.Ta e%eij/, irpdy. irapex €lJ/ 5 °£ 
§ 22, and 1, 1, 11. irapeXQovTi, to (him) in passing along, i. e. to Xen. 

§ 18. AaKowmbs KXedbw/xos : the common order would be Khedv. Aa/c., 

Cleonymus a Laconian. Sia/xirepes els, sc. ro^evOels, being shot entirely 

through (the helmet) into etc. 

§ 19. ILffTTep elxev, just as he was, without delay (as the connection shows 
that it means). Cf. Cyrop. 3, 1, 7, ev9bs iropeverai &o"irep el^e irpbs rbu 

Kvpov. aveXeadai, dui^cu, sc. avrdo : to take up and bury the dead 

was considered by the Greeks one of the most sacred and important 
duties. 

§ 20. airoKpiveTai : on the asyndeton, see note 3, 4, 42. /xia . . . 

bp&ia : not, this one way which you see is steep ; that would be avrr) r\ 
6$6s k.t.X* As it stands avTt\ is subject, pXa bZ6s predicate ; with 6p6ia 

understand ovaa ; this which you see is (tbe) only way (being) steep. 

e/cj8a<rts means a pass with reference to the idea of going out (eKfiaiveiv in 
rcav ayKuu Kal jjlvx^v § 7) ; v-KepfSo\i\ (3, 5, 18) with reference to the 
idea of going over ; elafio\7) (1, 2, 21), with reference to the idea of 
entering in. 

§ 21. ravra, for this reason ; so also tovto ; as o and d, on which ac- 
count ; and very often rt, on ichai account ? why ? eX ttcvs, cf. note § 8 

above. ov <paciv : cf. § 24, and note 1, 3, 1. 

§ 22. oivep, which very thing, *. e. the lying in ambush. avrov 

tovtov eveKev, for this very purpose • tovtov here denotes what follows 

(oirws . . . XP T i°' a ' l J J -^ a -)' 



328 notes. 

§ 23. ovk €(pr], sc. el8evai &XXr]v . . . (pavepdv. <p6f$<av, reasons fof 

fear, means of exciting fear. 

§ 24. avTw dat. of possessor, dependent on irvyxaye sc. oScro. For the 
difference between the dat. and the gen. of the possessor, see Gr. § 281, 3, 

(9), Rem. 5. nap' avfipl e/cSeSo^ueyTj, with a husband (for she had been) 

given in marriage (to him) ; iKtiedofxevr) is expressed to show that avdpi is 

to be understood in the sense of husband. avros, he himself belongs to 

the subject of 7)yfio~e<r6ai. Gr. § 307, 4. 6Z6v depends on rjyrjo-eo-Oai 

(cognate accus. Gr. § 278, 2) ; that he himself would lead them by a way 
possible even for etc. 

§ 25. o depends on irpoKaraX^oiTO. (Krug.) It must be supplied with 
irapeXQeiv. o, as is often the case with a relative pronoun, is most con- 
veniently rendered by a conjunction and demonstrative pronoun : and uii' 
less some one should previously occupy this, it would be etc. 

§ 26. 7reA.TacrTos is to be taken as an attributive of Xoxayois (cf. note 

on oTncr6o<pvAa£iv § 6 above) ; hence = rwv TreXracrTaiy. virocras ide- 

Xovrrjs, having offered himself as a volunteer. 

§ 27. v<piffraTai, offers himself (as a volunteer). Notice the asyndeton. 
Cf. note 1, 3, 20. Observe also that the verb is sing. Cf. note on eire^mf/e 

2, 4, 16. MeOvdpLevs : from Methydrium, a place not far from the 

later Megalopolis. 

§ 28. tcov jikv ottXituv (in § 27) would lead us to expect here rwv 5e 
yvp.vr}T<av ra^idpx^v 'Apio~r4as /c.r.A., but the repetition of epwrwct;/ occa- 
sions a change in the construction. yvixv7\T<av is an attributive of 

Tafyapxtov, cf. note on TreXracrrds § 26. iroXXaxov iroXXov : cf. note 

1, 9, 2. 



chap. n. 

The Greeks escape from the valley in which they were enclosed, being 
conducted by a captive over a circuitous route ; and finally reach the 
river Centrites, which divides the Carduchian country from Armenia. 

§ 1. ol 5e, and they,- i. e. Xenophon and Chirisophus. e/xcpaySyras i 

lit. having eaten in, i. e. (as Hert. thinks), having eaten in haste. Cf. 4, 5, 8 ; 

aLo ifj.TTi€?v, Cyrop. 7, 3, 1. avvriQ^vrai, they agree with (them). 

t)]u l/vKTa belongs to (pvXdrr^iv. cpvXdrTciv c^jxalvstv, and Uvai 

(spoken of the party with the guide), crv/j.j3oT]6i,aety (spoken t f Xen. and 

Chiris.) all depend on o-vvTiQevTcu. robs piv denotes the party witb 

the guide. avco uvras, being above, i. e. after having arrived on the 

summit. avroi, they themselves, expressed for the sake of the anti- 
thesis. Cf. note on <xvt6s 4, 1, 24. 



BOOK IV. CHAP. II. 329 

§ 2. ir\rj8os : without the article, as is often the case with evpos, 
i>\pos, fidOos, and similar expressions. v5wp e£ ovpavov : the whole ex- 
pression means simply rain. Sometimes vdcop is used alone and sometimes 

with avwdev meaning rain. koL . . . irepu6vTts, and that those who were 

going around (with the guide) might escape notice as much as possible (from 
the fact that the enemy were turning their attention in another direction). 

§ 3. fy . . . infialveiv, which they must cross in order to go forth etc. The 
act denoted hy diafidj/ras necessarily preceded that denoted by eK^aheiy. 

afia^taiovSy large enough to Jill a wagon ; Kal /j.el£ovs kclI ehdrrovs, and 

larger and smaller (stones) ; i. e. larger and smaller than those described 
by afxa^iaiovs. 

§ 4. With Zvvcuvro and iireipuvTO supply ireKdcai. ovSev iirav- 

oravro is stronger than ovk £iravo~- : they in nothing ceased, they did not for 

a moment cease. reKfxaipeadai, to be perceived, to be known ; i. e. the 

fact that the enemy continued thus all night long rolling down stones. 

§ 5. ws . . . Karexoures, supposing they had possession of the height ; the 
height mentioned 4, 1, 25. 

§ 6. ol Se refers here to the foregoing subject, which is common in 

Herod, but rare in the Attic writers. f] areyr) ' aur-n 656s : ootos can 

stand between the article and noun only when some other attributive fol- 
lows just after the article. avrodev, from the very place, from the place 

where they now were. 

§ 7. vir4(paiv€ : cf. note 3, 2, 1. eVi robs avOpwwovs, against the 

enemy. Cf. ol avBpes 3, 1, 23 ; 3, 4, 40.- dxiyoi : few; not a few ; 

few perished ; for etc. ; the next clause assigning the reason why only a 
few perished. 

§ 8. avifxwu (from avijxdoS) a\X- , they dreto one another up. 

§ 9. robs Tj/xiaeis : iro\vs in the three degrees of comparison, "ifjaarvs, 
and adjectives in the superlative degree, when used as partitives are most 
frequently assimilated in gender to the genitive of the whole ; Gr. § 2G4, 

Rem. 5. y^^p • • • *X 0VT * s i z ' re ^ e wa y 2re which the men with the guide 

(had gone). evoSatTaTT], sc. 656s which is implied in the foregoing 

rjirep. 

§ 10. av iTTopevdyo-av : instead of the corresponding conditional sen- 
tence (el with a past tense of the indicative), an adversative sentence fol- 
lows (to 5e u7ro£) ; cf. note on av . . . eyorye 3, 2, 24. to viro^vyia is 

the subject of £kP?ivcu, it was no* possible that the beasts of burden should go 
out etc. 

§ 11. hpBlois rots Koxois, with their companies (of a hundred men) in 
columns, or in single file. Thus a hundred men would march one behind 
another, and between the files of men there -would be vacant spaces ; cf. 
4, 3, 17; 4, 8, 10. 



330 NOTES. 

§ 12. recos fiev : for a while ; strictly it means up to the time designated 

by the correlative member iyyvs 8' ov k.t.X. eKa<rros, in apposition 

with the subject of idvvavTo ; we may render, where they severally were 

able ; cf. 1, 7, 15. iyyvs . . . irpocrievro, but they did not suffer (the 

Greeks) to come near themselves ; cf. Trpoo'ieo'Oat 3, 1, 30. 

§ 13. ivvoficras jx-i). Cf. note on ivvooi>fj.€voi 3, 5, 3. Kal iraXiv, 

even again. £tt\ ttoXv i\v, extended over a long space. — are tropev6- 

fj.€va, because of (their) passing. ■ 

§ 14. 6 . . . ideXovrav, the one above the guard that had been surprised ai> 
the fire in the night by the volunteers ; cf. § 5. 

§ 15. intwimvov avrovs, they (the Greeks) suspected that they (the bar- 
barians) left etc. This clause presents a transition to an independent con- 
struction. Cf. dL€Tpd(pTj(rau 4, 7, 17. TToXiopKoivTO : cf. note 6, 3, 12. 

ol 8' dpa, but they as it proved. 

§ 16. iirdyeiv : cf. note 3, 4, 48. &eo~6ai ra oirXa : cf. note on 

edero ra oirXa 1, 5, 14. etire, told (them), bade (them). Cf. note on 

eAe^e 1, 3, 8. 

§ 17. offoi . . . a<p'iK0VTO : lit. as many as not leaping down etc. In an 
Eng. idiom, as many as did not leap down from the rock and arrive at etc. 

§ 18. e7rl . . . /xacTTip : Xo<pos means an eminence, a ridge, a hill of any 
shape (used as a generic word) ; fiaar6s, spoken primarily of the breast, 
means a round hill. Hence we may render this clause, upon a hill over 
against the round hill ; fxacrrip has the article because it has been before 

mentioned §§ 6 and 14. robs venpobs airyret : cf. note 4, 1, 19. For 

the meaning of hiraireiv, cf. note 1, 2, 11. 

§ 19. l(p' S, on condition that ; followed by the infin. ; cf. 4, 4, 6 ; 6, 
6, 22. Gr. § 341, Rem. 5. iv § : in what time, i. e. while. The cor- 
responding demonstrative clause is to be understood with irdvrss K.r.X. 
While the rest of the army etc., (during this time) all (the enemy) from this 
region flocked together, ol 4k rovrov rod rSirov = ol iv rot/rcp t<£ rSircp 
ovres e/c rovrov avvep- , cf. note on rwv irapa, fiaaiXecos 1, 1, 5. 

§ 20. tfp£avro, sc. ol "EXX-rjves. evda is here a relat. adv. where ; 

ra oirXa eKeivro, i. e. iv tg? 6/j.aX$ § 16. KelcrOai is in meaning a pass. 

of Seo-dai (Hert.) ; cf. 7, 1, 24. %x av T V a.o~irida, with the shield, i. e. 

carrying off the shield with him. 

§ 21. Aovaievs : from Lusi (Greek Aovaot), a town in the northern part 

of Arcadia. In 7, 6, 40. Aovo'idrrjs is used instead of Aovo-ievs. npb 

a.fx<poiv, before both, i. e. himself and Xen. irpo/Sel3XT)fji.4vos, sc. rijv 

aairida. Cf. 1, 2, 17. 

§ 22. avrov iv : in that place in etc. ; cf. note on avrov irapa 'Apia'up 
2, 2, 1. The preposition is understood with inirridelois, in the midst oj 
abundant provisions. iv Xdiatois noviaroTs : Sturz defines Xdicicos, cella 



BOOK IV. CHAP. II. 331 

vinaria, a wine cellar ; and the Scholiast on Aristoph. Eccl. 154. (cited by 
Sturz) implies the same idea ; Xolkkos meaning, not as some have under- 
stood it a cistern which was filled with wine, but a cellar in which wine 
was stored. For an account of the Grecian mode of preserving wine, see 
Die. Antiqq. art. Vinum, and also art. Amphora, bv . . . tix ov tnen means 
which they kept in plastered cellars. Such cellars, with a circular mouth 
like a large well, increasing in size to the bottom (i. e. in shape a trun- 
cated cone), are still seen in great numbers in Piraeus. 

§ 23. 8ieirpd£avTO axrrc : negotiated so that. irpaTreiv and iroieTv are 

more commonly followed by the infin. without uxrre. Cf. note 1, 6, 2. 

e/c t<£j> ZvvaT&v : lit. according to those things which were possible, i. e. ac- 
cording to their means. uxrirep vo/xlfcrat, sc. irois?v, as it is customary 

(to do) etc. 

§ 24. itt&Xvov, tried to hinder ; cf. note on if3id£ero 1, 3, 1. irdp- 

o8os, like 686s, includes two notions ; it denotes either the way along by, 
or the act of going along by ; here the latter. (686s includes the two ideas 
via and iter). 

§ 25. irpbs ra opt], towards the mountains, is explained by the clause 
avwrepa . . . KooXv6yTcau, attempting to become higher up etc. 

§ 26. iirifieXovTo. Notice the form ; less frequent by far in Att. than 
the contract iirifxcXoviAcu. Yet cf. 5, 7, 10. 

§ 27. fy 6tt6t€, sometimes. Cf. note on jjy ovs 1, 5, 7. iariv (or where 
the connection requires it -qv) is prefixed to many words in this manner 
imparting a general and indefinite signification ; cf. Gr. § 331, Rem. 5. 

o5(TTe . . . airocpevyeiu, so as to escape tchen fleeing from a point even near 

at hand. Notice the difference between cpevyeiu and airo<pevyeiu. Cf. note 
1, 4, 8. 

§ 28. r6%a. From what follows it appears that the Carduchians made 
use of cross-bows. On this supposition the clause, they drew the bow-strings, 
when they would shoot, by stepping forward with the left foot on the lower part 
of the bow, becomes perfectly clear. The fact that the Greeks did not use 

the cross-bow is no objection to the above supposition. a/coi/riois is in 

apposition with avrols : the Greeks used them (i. e. the arrows of the bar- 
barians) as javelins. iyayKvAutures : by fltting poises to them. The 

javelin had a leathern strap fastened to it at the centre of gravity, showing 
to the thrower at once the point where the javelin was to be seized, and 
also no doubt aiding in the act of throwing. (Riistow u. Kochly griech. 
Kriegsw. cited by Hert.) ; cf. Die. Antiqq. art. Hasta. 



332 NOTES. 



chap. in. 

The Greeks experience much difficulty in crossing the Centrites ; owing 
to the depth and force of the current ; the Arminians who were ready 
to oppose them on the opposite bank ; and the Carduchians in the rear, 
who were ready to attack them while crossing ; but by the accidental 
discovery of a ford, and by a series of skilful manoeuvres, they get over 
the river in safety. 

§ 1. Keyrpirrju. This name (which does not occur elsewhere) denotes 
the eastern arm of the Tigris, which rises among the highest peaks of the 
snow-clad mountains of Kourdistan. In size it is fully equal to the longer 
western arm which rises near the Euphrates ; and by some ancient writers 
it was called Tigris. The modern name is Buhtan Tschai. Xen. gives 
the name Tigris to still another tributary, the northernmost of the three, 

now called Bitlis ; cf. 4, 4, 3. dc/nevoi : cf. note 2, 1, 16. a7re?xe : 

cf. note on ^v 1, 4, 6. rwv Kapdovx^v limits opeccv. 

§ 2. /xd\a ^Secos, very gladly. The reason for this is given in the two 

following participial clauses. iroKkd, many times, often ; it qualifies 

uurj^oj/evovres. ocra, sc. eiraQov : lit. they suffered so many evils as they 

did not even (suffer) all being put together from the king and Tissaphernes. 
In an Eng. idiom, they suffered more evils than all which they experienced etc. 
us : cf. note 1, 1, 2. 

§ 3. ttov irepav, someivhere on the other side, implying that their exact 
position was not very distinctly seen. 

§ 4. 'Opovrov : the satrap of Armenia 3, 5, 17. Map86vioi, Persian 

Mardhunija, i. e. the manly, apparently an appellative which may have 
been given to different Persian tribes, as was the case with Mdpdoi, i. e. 

Men. Xa\da?oi seems to be originally the same as KapBov^oi, but to 

denote here that northern tribe who were also called Xd\vj3es and who 

dwelt among the mountains near the S. E. coast of the Euxine. yeppo, 

rectangular shields of wicker work. 

§ 5. uxrirep %eipo7roi?7Tos, just as if, i. e. apparently artificial. 

§ 6. virep rcov ixaorrwv, above their breasts ; fiacrrSs is here used in the 

primary sense. ovre corresponds to re after eVt. Cf. note on fxi,re 

. . . re, 2, 2, 8. el Be \jA\ instead of el Se, as often after negative state- 
ments ; cf. 7, 1, 8. The idea is in full, but if any one did hold his armor in 

the water etc. The clause iirl . . . oir\a is placed before ti' ris to give 

it a more prominent position ; cf. note 2, 4, 6. yv/xvoi (spoken with 

reference to the shield), unprotected, exposed ; cf. ^/iXtjv 1, 8, 6. It is in 
the plural, together with iyiyvovro, because of the collective meaning of 
r ls. ovv is introduced here with a slight anacoluthon, as though the 



BOOK IV. CHAP. III. 333 

preceding member were independent and not introduced by iird. 



avrov, on the very spot, where they were. With avrov irapd, cf. avrov iu 
4, 2, 22. 

§ 7. lV0a (relat. adv.), where. iroXXous is here a predicate, many 

in number. * 

§ 8. e8o|ej/ : cf. note 3, 1, 12, and on the asyndeton 3, 1, 11. eV 

iredais : we might expect here simply iredais, with fetters, but eV tt48cus is 

more common. avrai 8e, sc. e5o£ai/. Trepipurjuai, to fall off from 

around him. Sia/Halveiy 6ir6crov, to step as far as. 

§ 9. kclKws ecrecrflat, that it would be well. Adverbs instead of adjec- 
tives may be joined with elvai and yiyvecrOai wlien these verbs do not sim- 
ply unite (as a mere logical copula) the subject and predicate but when 

they contain within themselves a predication. Kal ws rdx^ra, and as 

soon as ; cf. 3, 1, 9. ecus virecpaivev, morning began to dawn ; cf. 3, 2, 1. 

— — eirl rov irpurov, sc. lepelov, at the first, or in full on the sacrifice of the 
first victim ; cf. 6, 5, 2 and 8. 

§ 10. avT<3 limits irpoaeXQiiv. One might expect the accusat. here 

instead of the dat. ; yet see Gr. § 284, Rem. 2. Kal apiarSivri, both 

while breakfasting etc. ijgeyeipayra, sc. e|enj rivd, it was permitted that 

any one having awaked him etc. Cf. note on \a$6vra 1, 2, 1. *X°h 

sc. eiVetV. 

§ 11. Kal TCJTe, and on that occasion, or as we should express the idea, 
and so also on that occasion, introducing a particular illustration of what 
had been stated in general. Cf. 1, 8, 23 ; 7, 1, 33, and in a similar way 
Kal vvv, 1, 6, 28. &s is often prefixed to prepositions, denoting inten- 
tion or purpose, (frequently also a pretended purpose) ; cf. § 21 below. 
• avrSv : cf. note on avrov 3, 4, 41. woTrep, just as if, apparently. 

§ 12. 8o|cu depends on eXsyov above. ovSe . . . rovro, for it was 

not possible for the enemy's horse to approach at this point. Cf. note on eve7ri- 

Oerov 3, 4, 20. cos vevcrovjievoi, as if about to swim, expecting to swim. 

Siafialveiv, they proceeded to cross over ; SiafiTivai, they crossed over ; Gr. 

§ 257. irp6cr6eu . . . irplv . . . alfiola, before the water reached their loins. 

§ 13. Kal . . . e/ceAeue, and gave orders (to his attendants) to pour out 
(wine, i. e. to fill goblets with wine) yew the youths. ovelpara : the plu- 
ral is here spoken of the single dream mentioned in § 8. This usage is 
common among the poets. The plural, says Krug., directs attention to 

the several parts of the dream. Kal . . . e7rtT€/\. e'ercu depends on ew'xe- 

crflcu : that they would accomplish the remaining good things also. 

§ 14. cirovBds, libations. So 6, 1, 5. 

§ 16. crraftioi. The more common construction would be araSlav, 
and it was a distance of about four stadia. Cf. note on bpyiai, 1, 7, 14. 

§ 17. tfievro ra oir\a, they grounded their awns ; cf. note 1, 5, 14. ■ 



334 NOTES. 

airodvs, having taken off (the outer garment), so as to be less encumbered in 
tbe stream. Grote for reasons not very satisfactory, understands rbv arri- 

(pavov after airofivs. TraprjyyeWe, sc. are^avwaajxivovs KaX a-jodvvras 

Xanfidveiv to oirKa. Tbis was in accordance with, tbe Lacedaemonian 
custom. Cf. Plut. Lycnrg. 22. Xen. de Repub. Lac. 13, 8. Kal fxrjSeva 
AaKedai/j.oi'twv acrecpdvuroy elvcu. bpQiovs : cf. note 4, 2, 11. 

§ 18. els rbv Trorafxou : cf. note on els a<rirl5a 2, 2, 9. 

§ 19. avnXdKa^ov : cf. note 1, 8, 18. oXoXv^eiv is used cbiefly of 

women, and cbiefly also on joyful occasions. (Kriig.) 

§ 20. hva Kpdros : cf. 1, 8, 1. rbv . . . els, the one opposite the pass 

xchich led (up) among etc. ; cf. § 5 above. 

§ 21. ws irpos, apparently for ; cf. note § 11. ereivov, contendebant, 

they hastened. 

§22. Avkios: cf. 3, 3, 20. AtVx^s : cf. 4, 8, 18. ip6av. 

cf. note 1, 8, 12. ^77 a.TroXeiireo'Qou, not to be left behind, i. e. behind 

tbe enemy. 

§ 23. Kara, along ; cf. 3, 4, 30 ; 4, 2, 8. ras TrpotrrjKOixras ox^as iirl 
rbv irorajjiov, the high banks extending to the river. Tbe more common 
arrangement would be ras enl rov Trorajubv Trpoa-nKovcas u%0as. Yet com- 
pare tbe position of fxao-rw 4, 2, 18. robs &vco : cf. § 3. (rcpicriv, 

see Gr. § 302, Rem. 3. 

§ 26. aKfj-^v Siefiaive, were just now crossing over. TrapriyyeiXe . . . 

(pdXayyos, he gave orders to the Lochagi that each should form his lochus into 
enoraoties, having led the enomoty toicards the left so as to form a phalanx. 
We must understand tbat tbe locbi were in columns, and tbat, wben 
divided into enomoties, those enomoties in tbe rear were marched forward 
to tbe same line witb tbe foremost enomoties, filling up the spaces that 
bad existed between tbe columns, tbus forming an unbroken line, i. e. a 
phalanx. On eKacrov and irapayayovras, cf. note on Xafiovra, 1, 2, 1. 

Trap' ao-rri5as, towards the left, the sbields being carried on tbe left 

arm. inl (pdXayyos, in the form cf a phalanx, so as to form a phalanx ; 

cf. 4, 6, 6. Ttpos, on the side towards ; cf. 2, 2, 4. ovpayovs ; the 

article is to be supplied mentally from tbe foregoing. Tbe first man in 
eacb enomoty (beginning at tbe right of tbe front line) was tbe enomo- 
tarcb, and tbe last man in eacb enomoty was tbe uragus (ovpayos). Tbis 
place therefore was filled by a person of more competency tban an ordinary^ 
soldier ; see Lie. Antiqq. p. 484. 

§ 27. robs cnri(rdocpv\aKas . . . <paivo!xevovs, the rear-guards left without 
the camp-followers, and (on tbis account) already appearing few (in number). 
With rov o%Aou ipiXojj.evovs, compare tyiXovro . . . ru>v linrewv 1, 10, 13. 
It does not seem natural to make rov oxAov depend on oTricrdocpvXaKas aa 
gome explain. 



BOOK IV. CHAP IV 



335 



§ 28. ZiafSaivovras : cf. note on £fSia£tro 1, 3, 1. avrov ivi, on the 

spot where they were upon etc. Cf. note on avrov irapa 2, 2, 1. avroi, 

they themselves, i. e. Xen. and his men. iuapriovs . . . ifxPaiveiv, that 

they should enter (the river) at the opposite bank, on both sides of Xen. and his 
men (acpwi/). For the use of this reflexive (o-<pwv), see Gr. § 302, Item. 3. 

di7)yKvAo>>fiei/ovs, having jmssed the finger through the thongs of their 

javelins ; cf. note 4, 2, 28. £tu$z$\t)ijlzvovs, sc. ret ro&vjxara i-nrl ra?s 

vevpais (cf. 5, 2, 12), having placed the arrows on the bow-strings. irpoaca 

rod Trorafxovyfar in the river. See Gr. § 273, Rem. 4. (c.) 

§ 29. o~<pevd6trn : cf. note 3, 3, 16. ical aenrh tyoQy, an ^ a shield 

should ring, "being hit by a missile from the enemy. rh ito\€ij.ik6v 7 the 

signal for attack. iir\ B6pv, to the right ; cf. irao' ao-iriSas § 26. 

§ 30. viroCvylctit' and the following genitives depend on iTri/j.eXr}<r6/x€voi t 
to attend to. 

§ 31. us . . . luavtos, for a mountainous region sufficiently etc. 

§ 32. ravavrla, in the opposite direction. So in Hell. 3, 4, 12, ravavria. 
airoo'Tptyas eTropevero. 

§ 33. ala66fi€voi } having become aware (that the Greeks instead of pur- 
suing had suddenly turned and were crossing the river). 

§ 34. oi viraj/T7io~avTes, those who had come to oppose (the enemy), i. e. 
the targeteers etc., mentioned §§ 27, 28. iroppcarepoo rod naipov, far- 
ther than was proper. So in Hell. 7, 5, 13. 

CHAP. IV. 

They march several days without difficulty through Armenia, pass the 
sources of the Tigris (cf. note 4,3, 1.) and reach the Teleboas. Here 
they make a treaty with the satrap Teribazus, who soon shows himself 
to be faithless. 

§ 1. iiropevdr)o , av . . . yr)\6<povs, they proceeded through Armenia over a 
plain wholly level and (after that) over smooth hills, irehiov and yn\6<povs 

are accus. of space after iiropevdno'av. Gr. § 279, 6. ire'Siov arrav, 

altogether a plain, i. e. a plain wholly level ; cf. 1, 5, 1. 

§ 2. K(v/xr)v : antecedent in the relative clause; cf. note 1, 2, 1. Ren- 
der, But the village into tchich etc. — — rvpcreis : perhaps for the defence 
of the inhabitants, during the marauding expeditions of the Carduchians. 

§ 3. Tiyprjros : cf. note 4, 3, 1. It is surprising that Xen. says nothing 
in this place of the passage over the Taurus range of mountains, which are 
somewhat lofty and which separate southern from middle Armenia. See 

Introduction § 7. T7jAej8oas. This must be the stream now called 

Karasu which flows westward through the high plain ol Musch and 



o o 



36 jstotks. 

empties into the Euphrates. The Greek-sounding name given it by Xen. 
is probably a corruption of tbe common Armenian word Telmot, which 
denotes a sluggish marshy stream. 

§ 4. eKa\e?TO : cf. note on %v 1, 4, 6. v-irapxos apparently = ca- 

rpdiTTjs, so that, while Orontes was the general satrap of Armenia (3, 5, 17), 

Teribazus would be satrap of the eastern part. a.v4^aXKeiv, assisted 

in mounting. 

§ 5. etwev, said, i. e. gave orders to say ; a common idiom. Cf. eAeye 
1, 3, 8 ; 2, 3, 17. Zirhnoov : cf. 2, 5, 38. 

§ 6. i<p' § : cf. note 4, 2, 19. avr6s: nom. with infin. Gr. 

§ 307, 4. 

§ 8. x i ^ v toAA.^ : this may seem surprising, considering that they were 
in the 39th degree of latitude ; but it must be recollected that the eleva- 
tion is about 4000 feet above the level of the sea (Koch, der Zug der Zehn- 

tausend ; cited by Hert.). ecoOev, in the morning ; strictly, from the 

(beginning of) the morning ; cf. note 6, 3, 23. 

§ 9. Upzia, animals for slaughter; cf. Cyrop. 1, 4, 17. On the asyn- 
deton, cf. note 2, 4, 28. r&v airoo'Ketiavvvixevwv rives, some of those 

zoho were scattered abroad. 

§ 10. iBoKei diaidpia^ziv, it seemed likely to be fine weather, to clear up ; 
SiaiOpid^eiv, like vetv, and v€i(peii% is used without any definite subject. 
The preposition (5za-), as in the Latin disserenascere, has reference to the 
breaking up and dispersion of the clouds. 

§ 11. &tt\€tos is chiefly poetic. aviffraadai depends on the noun 

okvos. Cf. (pofios ffrpareveiu, 2, 4, 3. /caTa/cei/AeVa>j/, gen. abs. 

aXeeivov : cf. note on cpofiepctiTarov 2, 5, 9. oTcp /j.$) Trapappveir), to 

(every onefroni) whom it did not flow off. 

§ 12. yvjxvos : cf. note 1, 10, 3. t\s koX dKkos, a certain other one 

also ; not one and another. acpeAopevos, sc. tt)v a^lvrjv which idea is 

readily supplied from the clause axK elv I^Aa. ixpiovro, anointed them- 
selves ; to make their stiffened joints limber. The Greeks were also accus- 
tomed to anoint themselves when very weary. 

§ 13. xP^H- - * s the generic word for ointment of any kind ; yuvpov is 

specific in meaning, a fragrant ointment. iriKp&v, sc. apvySaXoov which 

is suggested by the adject. a/xvydd\iyov. 

§ 14. vtto . . . idldocav, ivere punished by the open air, i. e. by being 
obliged to encamp in the open air ; 51kt]v ididoo-av, has the force of a pas- 
sive, hence the constructiou with vtt 6 and the gen. 

§ 15. Te^uej/tTTjj/ : from Temenus, a section of the city of Syracuse. 
But as Xen. would have been more likely to say ~2vpaK6<rioj/, it is not un- 
likely that we should read here Trj/JLevirriv, from T^/xefLOv in Argolis. (Hert.) 
ol aTToarKedavi'v/jLevoi : cf. § 9. — — a\r)Qev(rcu, to report truly. — — 



UOOK IV. OilAF. v. 337 

rek /*■}} 6vra ws ovk ovra : the first ovra is hypothetical, and hence the nega- 
tive fi-f,. Gr. § 318. 

§ 16. iropevQeh . . . Z<pi) : a condensed expression, And having gone 
(and returned), he said that he did not etc. crdyapiv, a two-edged battle- 
axe. (Hert.) o'lavirep . . . %x ovo ' lv i suc ^ 1 as *he Amazons have, i. e. such 

as thej were represented to have in the painting and statuary of the 
Greeks. Xen. presupposes that his readers were familiar with this repre- 
sentation. 

§ 17. to iroda-rrbs ejf?7, the well-known question, the common question, of 

what country he was. to o~TpaT€vfxa is accus. inl tIvi, for what 

purpose. 

§ 18. Xa\vfias : cf. note 4, 3, 4 ; also 4, 7, 15. Ta6xovs : cf. note 

4, 7, 1. See also 5, 5, 17. fiovaxy qualifies yirep considered as a rela- 
tive pronoun, by which alone, where alone. 

§ 20. to <rTpaT6ire8oi/, the encampment, i. e. of the enemy. 

§ 21. oi apTOK6iroi . . . elvai, those who prof essed to be panilers and those 
wHb professed to be cup-bearers. 



CHAP. V. 

They suffer severely several days from the attacks of the enemy, from the 
want of food and from the severity of the cold ; hut they at length 
reach some villages abounding in provisions where they remain seven 
days. 

§ 2. Evcppdrr)!' : the eastern arm of the Euphrates, now called Mu- 
radsu. The ancient Armenians called both this and the western arm 
Jephrat ; sometimes also hy the special name Aradzani (the Arsanias of 
the Grecian and Roman authors). The point of crossing according to 
Xen. was 30 parasangs = 6 days' march from the river Teleboas. Making 
all proper allowance for the difficulties of the march, the actual distance 
is much less than 6 days' march ; so also the point at which they crossed 
the Euphrates was much farther from the source of the river than the words 
of Xen. imply. He probably judged from the size of the stream, which is 
always much smaller in the latter part of the autumn before the rains 
commence. 

§ 3. aironaltov is here predicated of the severe cold, as also in 7, 4, 3. 
The Latin word were is employed in the same way. 

§ 4. €?7re, directed, gave orders ; cf. eXeye 1, 3, 8. 

§ 5. SuyevovTO KalovTes : cf. note on 8ieT*\ovv xp&ix.svoi 3, 4, 17. — — — 
£vAa ttoAAcS At the present day, owing to the devastations of the Turks 
and Kourds, the Armenian table-land is extremely destitute of wood, so 

in 



338 NOTES. 

that the dried dung of cattle is now used for fuel. irpoffleirav : irpo<r- 

irjfii, I suffer to come to. Cf. 8ur)/j.i, I suffer to pass through, 3, 2, 23 ; 4, 

1, 8. et iri] . . . irvpovs, unless they would share with them (and give 

them) wheat etc. "With fieradiSafxi, the part which is given is put in the 
accus. ; but the whole from which a part is given is put in the gen. (as in 

the next sentence). &\Ao e? ri = ei rt &\Ao, whatever else. Cf. note. 

on aAAa dirSo-a 1, 10, 3. 

§ 6. €v8a 5e, hut where. In the preceding clause, ivda is demonstrative. 

eaTe itrl, even to. Cf. eas iiri 4, 8, 8 ; &XP 1 € ' 15 ^> ^, ^ 5 ^XP l ^" ^i 

1,1; juex/ 3 ' ets 6, 4, 26. This idiom is much less common in the Attic 
than in the later writers. 

§ 7. iPovM/j.lao'av : from ^ovXifxidco, they fainted from excessive hunger. 

§ 8. Biedidov, he distributed (the food) : not indeed to those who had 
fainted, but to the persons who should convey it, as expressed in the next 

clause. SidSvras, giving, who gave. The fat. Saxrovras, who should 

give, would be a more common construction. Yet cf. iTrideiKvvvres 1, 3, 
13 ; (TkoitSov 2, 4, 24 ; apxofJ-^vovs 2, 6, 12. 

§ 9. 4k ttjs K(x>{i7)s, sc. ovffas, join with yvvalnas. irpbs r?i tcpjivrj, 

at the fountain, which belonged to the village, and was outside of the wall 
(ifxirpoaQev rov ipv/xaros). 

§ 10. efy, aTre'xet. Cf. note 2, 2, 15. 

§ 11. idw-fjOrjaav, were able (to continue the march). Cf. § 12. 

SiareXecrai : cf. 1, 5, 7. 

§ 12. For the construction of robs 6(pQa\iJ.ovs with diecpOapfx-evoi, cf. note 
on ras Ke<pahds 2, 6, 1 ; robs SanrvXovs rwv iroficoy (their toes) is connected 
in a similar manner with the intrans. airoffecr^iTSTes, 

§ 13. rrjs x io> vos, objective gen. limiting iiriKovp^ixa, a protection against 

the snow. rcov 5e iroh*d>v : the correlative clause ro?s fikv b(p6aXjxo7s 

was apparently put in the dat. to avoid the construction of two genitives 

limiting the same noun (eTwcovp7)[xa~). vttoXvoito, tooJc off his shoes ; the 

opposite of u7ro5e5e/ieyof. 

§14. '6<roi, supply mentally as antecedent rovroov which limits ir6b as. 
• — — Trepieir-fiyvvvTO : cf. note on ?i<xav 1, 2, 23. — — xapfSdnvai, brogues 
made as Xen. says of raw skins. Those brogues were commonly worn by 
the natives of the country. According to Hesych. they consisted of one 
piece of skin. fio&v by meton. for Pvpcrcov, cf. 4, 7, 22 ; 5, 4, 12. 

§ 15. Sia rhs roiavras avdynas, on account of such unavoidable difficul- 
ties, mentioned in § 12. nal rerrjKei, and it had (actually) melted. 

For a similar repetition, cf. § 4, Kal c<payid£eTai. Observe the omission 
of the syllabic augment in TerVj/cet. Cf. ava/3e/3^«:ei 5, 2, 15. See Gr. 

§ 120, Rem. 2. a.T/j.l^ova'a, sending forth warm vapor. This warm 

spring is supposed to have been discoverod on the southern side of Mt. 



BOOK IV. CHAP. V. 339 

Bingoldagh, by Koch during a botanical tour through Armenia in 18-43. 
— — inTpairdfievoi : e/c denotes the idea, aside from the way towards the 
warm spring. 

§ 16. ix uv oTricrOo(pv\aKas : as the article rovs is not expressed, it 
means, with some of the rear-guards ; the rest had very likely passed on. 
— — — ndo-p rexvr} Kal fnqxavfi, with every art and device, a more emphatic 

expression than Kara irdura rpSnov. Cf. 7, 2, 8. Kal TeAeurw^, and 

finally. Gr. § 312, Rem. 3. HvvaaQai depends on some word under- 
stood, e. g. i<paaav, which is suggested by eKeAevov. 

§ 17. (pofSrjo-cu : observe the difference between the active and middle 

voices of this word. iirioiev, sc. ol iroXcfxioi. uv = tovtwv a : 

a/j.(pi very seldom occurs with the gen. in Attic prose. SiacpepSfievoi, 

differing, quarreling. 

§ 18. are vyiaivovres, inasmuch as they were well. avaKpaySvres 

(from avaKpdfa) . . . /xeyiaroy, having screamed as loudly as they could. 
This was all done to increase the alarm of the enemy. 

§ 19. 67r' avrovs, for them, so as to convey them to the rest of the army. 
avlcraaav : cf. note on ifiidfero 1, 3, 1. 

§ 20. o\ov to a-rpdrevfia. This however was not true, for Chirisophus 
and the van had passed on to a village ; cf. § 9 et seq. 

§ 21. avao-T-fio-avTas agrees with the subject of ai/ayKd{eiv, he ordered 
(them, i. e. the youngest men) having made (the sick) stand up, to compel 
{them) to go forward. 

§ 22. rcov . . . o'Ke^/ofxevovs, (some) of those from the village to see. ■ 

oi Se = ol reKevTcuoi. — — robs . . . irapedocav, delivered up the sich to these, 
i. e. the men whom Chirisophus had sent. '- avrol 5e, but they themselves, 
i. e. ol TeAeuTcuot. 

§ 23. SiaXaxo'vTes (from diaXayxdvoS), having divided by lot. tovs 

kavTuv, their own (men). 

§ 24. e7n-a/cai&e/ca : from § 35, this number appears to be too small. 
— — ivdrrjv fj/xzpav, the ninth day, or as we should say, eight days. 

§ 25. The description of these subterranean dwellings shows, says 
Kiepert, how little effect two thousand years have had on the habits of 
these Armenians, since the same description would answer for the present 

day. to fxkv ffrSfxa . . . (ppearos, the mouth was like (that) of a well. 

Kuhner supplies Tjv with to CTofxa ; Owen, following Bornemann and 

Matthiae, supplies %x ovo * ai ' ^a eKyova tovtwv, the young of these 

(animals). 

§ 26. olvos ttpidivos, barley wine, i. e. beer. avral . . . iVoxei/\.e?y, 

the barley-corns themselves even with (or on a level with) the brim. Hence in 
drinking it was most convenient to make use of reeds, which of course 
must be without joints (y6vara). 



840 NOTES. 

§ 27. &Kparos, strong, sc. 6 oJvos. crvfifxa66yTi, to one having become 

accustomed to it. See Gr. § 284. (10.) (a.) 

§ 28. o~Tep?)voiTO . . . airiacriv : for a similar change of mood, cf. note 
on 3, 5, 13. — — r)]v . . . airiaffiv, and that they would go away after having 

filled his house with provisions as a reward (ayr-). eare, until (in this 

sense when followed by yiyyo/mai ; hut followed by el/xi it is rendered 
while'). 

§ 29. oivov ecppatfav tvQa : by anticipation for scppacrav %v6a olvos. Cf. 

note 1, 1, 5. Karopwpvyii4vos, concealed in the ground. He probably 

means iy \clkkois kovi<zto?s 4, 2, 22. £y d<p6a\uo?s, in their sight. 

§ 30. koX . . . acpleffav, and from no place did they (the barbarians) let 
them (the Greeks) go etc. 

§31. oi)K fy 8' oirov ov, lit. and there teas not a place where they did 
not etc. It is equivalent to and every where they placed etc. Cf. note on 

OVK %GTIV OTTCOS OVK 2, 4, 3. 

§ 32. efA/cei', he drew him, denoting a friendly compulsion. 

pocpovvra ajffirep fiovv, sucking as an ox ; pocpovvra, as also iiriKvytyavra, 
agrees with the subject of iriveiv : uxrirep fiovv, by a sort of attraction 
instead of Soffirep fiovs, sc. pocpe?, as an ox sucks. After locnrep and tf, this 
species of attraction is not uncommon. Gr. § 342, Rem. 3. 

§ 33. KaKslvovs, them also, i. e. Cbirisophus and his men. otoj- 

vovvtois = evci}xov/x€uovs § 30, banqueting, feasting. Cf. 5, 3, 9 ; 7, 3, 15. 

icrrecpavca/j-ej/ovs. The wearing of garlands at their symposia was a 

common custom among the Greeks. On this occasion, because they could 
find nothing better, and perhaps also because such garlands might afford 

them the more merriment, they had made them of dried forage. 

rod . . . %'A.oD : the article is used because the forage had been mentioned 

above § 25. ircudas is connected by Kai to iKeivovs and depends on 

Ka,Te\ajA$avov. wenrep iveo?s, as to persons who were deaf and dumb ; 

because they did not understand Greek. 

§ 34. ol iWoi. The region on the eastern side of the Bingol moun- 
tains (where the Greeks probably were at this time) is still celebrated for 
its excellent horses. — — XaAujSas : the name of the people by meton. for 
the name of the country ; cf. 7, 2, 32. He probably means here his neigh- 
bors towards the west, inhabiting the country at the sources of the western 
arm of the Euphrates : since the Phasiani and Taochi were his neighbors 

on the north ; cf. 4, 7, 15. ttjv 6Sbv Z(ppa£ev y tin, by, anticipation 

for 'deppa^ev rj 7} 68bs 6177. Cf. olvov . . . i\v § 29. 

§ 35. Kai . . . oiK&Tas, and at that time Xen. went conducting the governor 
of the village to his own domestics, kavrov refers not to the grammatical 
subject of the clause but to the object (avr6v). Cf. 2, 3, 25. See Gr. 
§ 302, 2. (b.) ov dX-tjQei, which he had taken, probably on that occasion 



BOOK IV. CHAP. VI. 341 

when he gave the rest to the horsemen ; cf. 3, 3, 19. iraKaWepov 

somewhat old. For the comparative in this sense, see Gr. § 323, Rem. 7. — -• 
ai/rSu, i. e. rbv 'iinrov : Upbv rod 'H\iov, sacred to the sun ; see Gr. § 273, 2. 

ttuKwv, partitive gen. 

§ 36. ttoAv is placed after the comparative "which it qualifies and at 
the end of the sentence for the sake of emphasis. 



CHAP. VI. 

From the villages they are conducted on their way hy a guide, who being 
abused by Chirisophus deserts them on the third day. After wander- 
ing without a guide several days, they reach the river Phasis. In two 
days more they reach a pass which had been occupied by the Chalybes, 
Taochi, and Phasiani. Having dislodged the enemy, they pass over 
into a plain and find some villages abounding in provisions. 

1. rjfiepa oyb'Sr). The article is often wanting with ordinal numbers, 

where the English idiom requires it. Cf. vo-Tepa rj/x4pa, 6, 4, 9. rbu 

7]yeix6va TrapaSlSwai, he (i. e. Xen.) delivers up the guide etc. The guide, 
as appears from the sequel, was the governor of the village where Xen. 
had encamped (cf. 4, 5, 28 et seq.). ■ TiyrjcraiTo, sc. 6 Kvfxdpxys. 

§ 2. i\v : impers. it was etc. iu t2 rpiru> crTad/.L<3 being used to denote 

time ; cf. 2, 2, 11. ixateirdi'dri, was an 9 r l/> instead of the more usual 

act. form e'xaAeVTjj/e. So also Cyrop. 3, 1, 38. 

§ 3. airoZpas wx eT0 > having escaped was missing, ran away and escaped. 
Cf. note 2, 4, 24. For the difference between airodidpdo-Kco and airo<pevy(a y 

cf. note 1, 4, 8. — — — - didebopov, an occasion of disagreement. 7} . . . a/x4- 

Aeta is in apposition with tovto. iriaTOTaTcp ixprjro, treated (him as a 

person) most faithful. Cf. the construction of TroXefxiq. 2, 5, 11. 

§ 4. avd : used here distributively, at the rate of; Gr. § 290, 1. (3.) 

napd, along, on the banks of. ^aaiv. Not as in 5, 6, 36, the well 

known stream of this name which empties into the Black Sea, but the 
upper part of the Araxes, now called Pasinasu. The Greeks seem to have 
been led out of their course by this stream, having proceeded towards the 
N. E. instead of the N. W. 

§ 5. XaAujSes, Ta6x<>i, Qaaiavoi. Cf. note 4, 5, 34. The name Phariani 
is derived from the name of the river just mentioned. 

§ 6. Kara nepas, in column. The same expression is used in a very 

different connection and sense 1, 10, 9. i-rl (paAayyos, in the form of a 

phalanx ; cf. 4, 3, 26. 

§ 9. cIkos, sc. iffri, takes the aor. infin. (Trpoo~yej/eo~dai) without fa> in 
the sense of the future, it is likely that others will come etc. Cf. note on 
iravcrao'dcu 1, 2, 2. 



342 NOTES. 

§ 10. 5e, after iy6, used like aAAa 1, 7, 6 ; cf. note. So in 5, 5, 13 ; 

6, 6, 12 ; 7, 3, 30. «— — a>s . . . airofidAajxa', arecZ Aom? zre sAa?£ ?ose (lit. 
throw away) as few men (lit. bodies of men) as possible. 

§ 11. irXtov . . . 0Ta5m, lit. more than extending over sixty stadia, i. e. 

more than sixty stadia in extent. Cf. inl iroXv 4, 2, 13. oitdafiov . . . 

aAA' tf, noichere else than. Instead of aAA' -/?, we should expect &W' tf, yet 

see Gr. § 322, Rem. 10. /cAe«//cu <n, to take possession secretly of some 

part etc. ; cf. § 13. Xadovras, having escaped observation, only ex- 
presses more fully the idea contained in /cAe^ot. ■ na\ apirdaou <pddo~av- 

ras, and having anticipated (the enemy) to seize upon (it). 

§ 12. opdiov Uvai ? r\ 6}xaXis, to go up a steep (place) than on level ground. 
fieO' rjfiepav, in the day time, by day. rpax^ia, sc. odos. 

§ 13. &s . . . irapixzw, so as not to occasion any notice (to he taken of us). 
dv, "which helongs to xprjo'Oai, is repeated, as in 3, 1, 6, and with 



liivoiev in the next clause, it must be supplied mentally. 

§ 14. kXottyis, the noun corresponding to the verb K\4\pai used above 

§ 13. ffv/AfidxXo/j.ai : the full expression o'v/j.fiaXeo'Oai xSyovs occurs 

Cyrop. 2, 2, 21. oaoi . . . dfioicap, as many as belong to the peers. Cf. 

Die. Antiqq. p. 613. evOvs 4k iraidecy, lit. immediately from children, 

i. e. even from childhood. 

§ 15. v6p.ip.ov apa vpuv icrriv, it is accordingly enacted in your laws ; 

&pa is manifestly ironical ; cf. 5, 6, 29. rod opovs, partitive gen. = 

rod vpovs ti. 

§ 16. Seivovs, skilful, expert ; Seivov in the next clause means terrible. 

For the connection between these different senses, cf. L. & S. /cAe- 

irreiv to Sr]p.6aia is the regular expression for the embezzlement of the pub- 
lic monies. The penalty for this, aside from the loss of property, was 

under certain circumstances nothing less than death. vpuv is here 

commonly- considered as the agent or doer with a^iovvrai : see Gr. § 284, 
3, (11.) 

§ 17. tovtccv Trvvddvopai, I learn from these. ye/xerai al£i, is pas- 
tured with goats etc. ai£i and fiovaiv are dat. of means ; not of course dat. 
of agent. (Bard. Cf. note on eveiriOeTov 3, 4, 20. 

§ 19. Kai stands before a direct question when it contains an objection 
or reply to the foregoing. aAAa is used because the preceding ques- 
tion is logically equivalent to a denial : It is not necessary that you etc. 

§ 20. 'ApiaTwi/vfxos Me0. : cf. 4, 1, 27. Olralos. The Oetaeans, 

the same as the Aenianians (AtVmvej), dwelt in Phthia between Oeta and 
Otbrys. 

§ 21. ix, after. 

§ 22. ol TaxBevres : those mentioned § 20. avrov, on the spot where 

they were. iyprjySpeffav, 2d pluperf. of iyeipu. Sia vvktSs, through 

the night, all night long. 



BOOK IV. CHAP. VII. 34:3 

§ 24. rb iroXv : cf. note 1, 4, 13. robs iroWovs : tf/te main bodies 

of both armies. 

§ 25. ol 4k rov irebiov, cf. note 1, 1, 5 ; the whole, instead of being in 
the gen., is here put in the same case with the parts (ol /xev ir-eXraarai 

and Xeipicocpos Se). fidSr]j/ is the antithesis of dp6/x<o ) but does not 

contradict raxv '• walking quickly, at a quick pace. 

§ 26. rb &vw y the part (of their army) above ; cf. § 24. 



CHAP. VII. 

They pass through the country of the Taochi where tney take by force a 
stronghold, and obtain an abundance of provisions, on which they sub- 
sist in their march through the country of the Chalybes. Having 
crossed the river Harpasus they march through the country of the 
Scithini and arrive at Gymnias, where they obtain a guide who con- 
ducts them to the summit of Mt. Thechcs. Here they have a view 
of the sea. 

§ 1. e/c rovrtaVy sc. rwv Kcofxwv : the villages mentioned just above 4, 

6, 27. Ta6xoi : another form of the word was Tdoi. (The ending -%oi 

is to be explained as in Kapbovxoi, see note 3, 5, 1 5.) The Taochi were 
known to the old Armenian writers under the name Taikh, to the Geor- 
gians (to whom they were allied by descent), under the name Tao ; whence 
we are able to fix their locality, in the valley now called Taoskari, bor- 
dering on the river Akampsis (now called Dschoroch). 4v oh . . . 

avaKeKO/juo'iJ.zvoi : a condensed form of expression (cf. ixo^v 'ijpTraicSres 1, 
3, 14) ; in full it would be, into which they had conveyed all their provisions 
and where they kept them. 

§ 2. avr6o~e, to it. See Gr. § 235, 3, Eem. 3. KvuXcp : cf. note 

1, 5, 4. 

§ 3. els na\6v, opportunely. So also ets KaWiarov Plat. Euthyd. 275. b. 
ra iirir^beia : cf. note 2, 2, 3. 

§ 4. [xia avrti : cf. note 4, 1, 20. ourco SiarlOerai, is served thus. 

ctkcAtj Kal ir\evpds : cf. note on ne<pu\ds 2, 6, 1. 

§ 5. #AAo ri ¥j : cf. note 2, 5, 10. rovrovs : cf. note 3, 5, 9. 

§ 6. bieXdeiv has for its subject tj/xus understood. avQ ' a>v, pro- 
perly over against which, opposite xohich ; in this connection = behind which, 
a meaning of avri chiefly poetic. 

§ 7. iroWoi, used as predicate ; Gr. § 245, 3, (b.) avr6 t this very 

thing. ivOev, like odev, 1, 3, 17. to a place from which. yuKpov n t 

i. e. rb Kombv 7)jj.iirAe9pov § 6. 

§ 8. rovrov t this one, i. e. Callimachus. biriffdocpvXa.Kwv, used 



344: NOTES. 

adjectively, cf. 4, 1, 6. ko.Q'' eva, one by one, in opposition to the idea 

aOpooi. 

§ 10. irpoerpex^. Observe the asyndeton ; cf. note 3, 1, 11. 8vo 

Ka\ rpia p-fi/uarci. : Kai is very often used in designations of number, where 

we should use or ; two or three steps. avexd^ro : cf. note 4, 1, 16. — — 

a,ua£ai is used here simply as a designation of quantity, wagon-loads. 

§ 11. tov K. & eiroiet = & 6 KaA. eiroiei, cf. note 1, 1, 5. Aovffiea : 

cf. note 4, 2, 21. avros, himself, i. e. alone. 

§ 12. TTJs 'irvos, by the rim of his shield ; depends on eiriXaii^dverai. 

Gr. § 273, Eem. 7. a/jeT^s, a reputation for valor, depends on avre- 

ttoiovvto : Gr. § 273, 3. (b.) 

§ 14. iroXXot is placed like bxiya 6, 3, 22. It qualifies irp6$a.Ta as well 
as [S/>es and vvol. Cf. note on iroXXd 3, 1, 2. 

§ 15. XaXvpes, below 5, 5, 17, called XaXdcuoi. It is not possible to 
fix their locality with any degree of certainty, since no trace of their name 
has yet been discovered by modern travelers in this entire region. The 
position given on the map is conjectural and very doubtful. From this 
point till the Greeks reach the vicinity of the sea, their line of march is 

only conjectural. cou diTJXdov = TOvr<t>v ovs dirjXdov. els x e ?P as • 

cf. 4, 3, 31. For a very different meaning of this expression, cf. 1, 2, 26. 

irrepvywv : wings of the breast-plates, i. e. the extreme parts at the 

top and bottom of the breast-plates, which parts were flexible so as not to 

obstruct the motion of the body. irvuvd and iarpa/j-iva qualify <rirdpTa, 

twisted ropes (set) close together. 

§ 16. oarov, as large as. h.v eiropevoyro : see Gr. § 260, 2. (2.) ($.) 

irrix&v : the Attic form is Tnfoecoy, which Krug. substitutes for the 

form contained in all the manuscripts, and which Hert. is inclined to adopt. 

fiiav Aoyxyv %X 0V i having one point. The spear used by the Greeks 

commonly had two points, the one at the hinder end (called travpuT^p, or 
GTvpaQ being used to fasten the spear in the ground. Cf. Die. Antiqq 
p. 587, b. 

§ 17. ev tovtois avaneK- %<rav : ev with the dat. instead of els with the 
accus. in connection with verbs of motion occurs particularly with the 
perf. and pluperf. so that the motion may be contemplated as finished and 

the consequent rest may be indicated by the preposition and its case. 

SierpdcpTiaav : a transition from the indirect narration of the preceding 
clause to direct narration. 

§ 18. "Apiracros. This name has hitherto been applied with the great- 
est confidence to the northern tributary of the Araxes, now called in 
Turkish Arpa-su or Arpa-tschai, i. e. Barley-river. By the ancient Arme- 
nians however this stream was called by the totally different name Achu- 
rean ; and it is only the resemblance of the modern name to the word 



BOOK IV. CHAP. VI r. 345 

Harpasus which has given rise to the supposition of their identity. After 
all the light which we have been able to obtain respecting the route of the 
Greeks, it is clear that the Harpasus must be sought much farther west- 
ward. In all probability it flowed through that deep valley which lies 
between the table-land of the Chalybians and the sea ; which is now called 
by the Armenians and Georgians Dschoroch (Turkish Tschoruk-su), but 
was anciently called Akampsis, and near the coast Apsaros, of which Har- 
pasus seems to be only a corruption. • %Kvdivoi. Kiepert conjectures 
that these may be the same as the Hesperitae {'Eo"ir€p7rai) who dwelt in 
the valley of Dschoroch. 

§ 19. kavTwv refers to 6 . . . &px<w including the idea of his subjects. 
It depends on TroXe/xias x^P as considered as one idea, and may be rendered 
through their own enemies' country. Cf. kavrwv 3, 4, 41. 

§ 20. irevre ^fj.epu>u : cf. note on 5e«a rjfxepcou 1, 7, 18. reOvdvai is 

here as often used in the sense of an aorist. eavroTs : cf. kavruv § 19. 

ivefiaXev is here intrans. It is singular that the action should be 



predicated of the guide rather than of the army or the commander. 

v.Weiv is chiefly poetic in its use. cupolas : repeat 'iveita from the last 

clause. 

§ 21. to upos : the article is used because the mountain has been 
already alluded to in the word yw?' i0V § 20. y\v : cf. note 1, 4, 6. 

§ 22. clvtwv limits rivds. {Sooty is added to o^ojSoeia, because in 

actual use, the last part of the compound adjective had nearly lost its 
force : — wicker shields covered with the untanned hides of shaggy oxen. — — 
aix(p\ rd : cf. note on a/x<pl rovs 1, 2, 9. 

§ 23. 7rAeiW Kal iyyvrepov : nai not unfrequently connects an adjec- 
tive with an adverb. (Hert.) ad, continually. 6Vo> : the regular 

correlative rocrovTca is not expressed in the preceding clause, but instead 
of it ttoXXoj. 

§ 24. Avkiov : cf. 3, 3, 20. TrapeyyvojvTwv, beckoning, giving a sig~ 

nal, to those who were behind to hasten, that they might the sooner have 
a view of the sea. 

§ 25. ivspUfSaXXov, embraced. ffrpaTrjyoiis, cf. note 3, 5, 7. ■ 

orov is in the gen. abs. with irapeyyv^aavros, when some one (I know noi 
who) had suggested it. 

§ 26. Karere/xye : this was done that the shields might not be after- 
wards used ; cf. 4, 6, 26. Sie/ceAevero, sc. KaraTe/j.veiv. 

§ 27. SapsiKovs : cf. note 1, 1, 9. robs SaKrvXiovs, the rings, i. e. 

those which they wore. " The free Greek, if not of the very poorest class, 
wore a ring not only as an ornament, but as a signet to attest his signa- 
ture or for making secure his property." Becker, Charicles, p. 198, 
note 6. 

15* 



346 NOTES. 



CHAP. VIII. 



Passing through the country of the Macrones and of the Colchians, they 
reach Trapezus, where they remain a month, meanwhile making pre- 
datory excursions into the country of the Colchians and offering sacri- 
fices to the gods. 

§ 1. tipi^e : of. note on l\v 1, 4, 6. rfa, sc. x&P av - Mdupwves: 

a people living on the northern slope of that part of the Pontic range of 
mountains which is still called Makur. 

§ 2. dlov is used like us to qualify the superlative degree. The full 

expression would he rotovrov oTov io~ri. 6 optfav, sc. irorafiSs. 

St' ov, sc. rod opi^ovros. eKoiTTov, they proceeded to cut down. They 

did this not simply to make the way clear, hut to use the trees which they 
had felled as temporary bridges. . 

§ 3. XiQovs . . . ipp'iTCTovv. This was done that they might approach 

nearer to the Greeks, so as to reach them with their missiles. ov with 

an accent may stand before a vowel in antithesis (even when as here the 
sentence is not separated from the following) ; cf. 6, 5, 4. 

§ 4. ravrrjv is subject accus. before dvai ; e'^uV irarplSa is predicate. 

§ 5. ipcoT'fio'avTos, gen. abs. sc. avrov. Cf. \6vruv 1, 4, 12. avri- 

reTcixaTCU = b.vr it er ay jxeyoi elaiy. See Gr. § 116, 15. 

§ 6. "On iced fyteis, because you also etc. The idea is, we are your 
enemies because you also are hostile to us, as appears from your coming 

against our country. \4yeiv. On the asyndeton, cf. 3, 4, 42. — — • 

oti before the oraiio recta ; cf. note 1, 6, 7. irot-fjcrovTes, sc. ipx^eda, 

suggested by epxecrQe. 

§ 7. el So?ej/ av, whether they would give ; without &v it would mean, 
whether they had given. iriard, cf. 1, 6, 7. 

§ 8. odbv udoirotow is a pleonasm similar to the one in 4, 7, 22. — — 
diafiifidcroi/Tes. The difference between fiifidfa and fialva) will not be for- 
gotten. KaTearrjcrav, 1st aor. and trans. Gr. § 173, Rem. 2. 

§ 9. [xeya without fx4u. Cf. rb evpos 3, 4, 7. 

§ 10. Travcravras, sc. rjfxas. \6x°vs bpBiovs. Cf. note 4, 2, 11. 

ti) fj.ev . . . T7J 5e, partly . . . partly. Cf. note on irrj fi4u . . . rcf) 5e, 

3, 1, 12. 

§ 11. e7r2 ttoT^Xovs, many in depth ; in' b\iyuv, few deep. One would 
expect the gen. (which is far more common for this idea) in both clauses. 
The accus. has reference to the antecedent motion in forming the line ; the 

gen., to the consequent rest. TrepiTrevffovffLv tji-iuv, will outflank us. 

• a0p6uv . . . ttoWuv, many, both weapons and men, in a dense mass. 



book rv. chap. viii. 347 

§ 12. dia\nr6vTas agrees with Ao'xous, being separate, standing apart. 

Cf. SiaXeiiTOiKTais 4, 7, 6. to?s \6x<>is is connected with Karaax^ v i 

tluvt having formed our companies into columns standing apart we should occupy 

with our columns so much space as that etc. '6aov. Cf. 4, 1, 5. ol 

eo'x ar01 ^X 0l i in apposition with the subject of iaSfxeOa, i. e. 7]/xe7s under- 
stood ; the part being in apposition with the whole. 

§ 13. to StaAelTTov, the intervening space, the interval. ivdev Ka\ 

%vQsv : cf. 4, 3, 28. updiov belongs as predicate with irpoo~i6i/Ta, ad- 
vancing in column. ovSels jurj/ceVt : the double negative ov [x-i] is used 

regularly with the subjunct. aor. or fut. indie. Gr. § 318, 7. 

§ 14. to elvai : " Many verbs and verbal expressions which are com- 
monly constructed with an infin. merely, sometimes take also the infin. 
with the article r6, even when they would have their object if a substan- 
tive in the gen." Gr. § 308, Rem. 1. For the negative (xt), cf. note 1, 

3, 2. wllovs KaTa<paye?v, is a proverb drawn probably from Horn. IL 4, 

35, and denoting complete destruction. 

§ 15. iu ra?s x&P ais i l7i their places. rov 5e£ioD, sc. e£«. 

§ 1 7. avTnrapad4oi/T€S, running along opposite to (the Greeks). 

§ 18. diax<&(ovTas : cf. note 4, 1, 16. It evidently means separating, 

being drawn asunder, not as L. & S. define drawing back, recoiling. 

ol . . . veAracrrai, the targeteers who were along by the Arcadian division ; 
the same as robs Kara \xiaov § 15. 

§ 19. ijp^auTO, sc. ol Tre\Tao"Tai. 

§ 20. ra a\\a : accus. synec. ra Se 07*771/7? /c.t.A. It has been 

commonly supposed that the honey of which the Greeks ate was made 
poisonous by being gathered from the flowers of the rhododendron. Koch 
(d. Zug d. Zebntausend s. 110. cited by Hert.) imagines that the injurious 
properties of the honey in this instance were owing to its not being suit- 
ably put up. Kara) . . . avroTs, it passed through them. ttoAv, sc. 

eSrjSo/c^Tey. airoQwr]CKovo'iv, dat. plur. particip. depends on twnscrav 

understood. 

§21. rpoirrjs, a defeat, gen. abs. ave<pp6vovv, they gradually reco- 
vered their reason. 

§ 22. Tpcnre(ovs : familiarly known at the present day under the namo 
Trebizond (called by the Turks Tarabusun), an important commercial city. 

oiKovfxevr t v, cf. note 1, 4, 1. Iv rw . . . IIoVt^, on the Euxine 

(Gr. § 289, 1) ; not, says Hert., that tv does not as usual signify in, within, 
but the name of the place with which it stands embraces much more, i. e. 
all which is adjacent. 

§ 23. op/xdb/xevoi : cf. note 1, 1, 9. 

§ 24. o-vv^uTvpaTTovro . . . virip, and they joined in a negotiation in be- 
half of etc., i. e. the inhabitants of Trapezus assisted the neighboring 



348 NOTES. 

Colchians in ratifying a treaty with the Greeks. fixdov. Observe that 

it is predicated of something else than persons ; cf. § 25. 

§ 25. %v ev^auTO : cf. 3, 2, 9. airodvaai : on the meaning of airo- , 

cf. note 3, 2, 12. rjye/xocrvva, thank-offerings for safe conduct, seems to 

belong solely to 'HpaKXei since he had the appelative 7}yefj.u>v (6, 2, 15 ; 
6, 5, 24 and 25). Hence Kriig. conjectures that crcoT-qpia has been acci- 
dentally omitted after cwrripi. Cf. 3, 2, 9 ; 5, 1, 1. imij.s\r]9rjvat and 

irpoaTaT?i(TaL depend on c'lAovto. olkcov KaTaKTavav, having unintention- 
ally slain. The penalty for this offence in Attica "was exile for one year, 
but according to the Spartan law, the penalty seems to have been heavier. 

§ 26. tk SepfxaTa. These were to be used as prizes at the games. 

ottov : cf. note on ov 2, 1, 6. iv . . . ovtus, in a place so hard and 

rough ; ovtcos placed after the word which it qualifies, as in 2, 4, 7. 

§ 27. (rrddiov, accus. of cognate signification, Or. § 278, 2. Accord- 
ing to the Eng. idiom, in the stadium. For a description of the stadium 
and also for the length of the SoXixos (commonly given at about 20 stadia), 

cf. Die. Antiqq. art. Stadium. eVepot, sc. r)yovi(ovTO. ttolXtiv k.t.\. 

Cf. Die. Antiqq. art. Lucta. KaTtfirjcrav, entered the contest, lit. went 

down, because the arena was lower than the position occupied by the spec- 
tators. are, because of, is here followed by the gen. abs. 

§ 28. tgv ficcfj-Sv. The point in the stadium from which the runners 

set out and to which they must return. &yeiv. Kriig. understands 

tov i7T7rea as the object of this word. 



BOOK FIFTH. 
From Trapezus to Cotyora. 

CHAP. I. 

While the Greeks are at Trapezus, Chirisophus is sent to obtain ships of the 
Spartan admiral Anaxibius that they may proceed by sea. While they 
are awaiting his return, Xenophon takes measures to obtain other 
ships, and also to improve the roads in case they shall be compelled to 
proceed by land. Dexippus is appointed to seize on coasting vessels, 
but deserts the army ; and Polycrates is appointed to succeed him. 

§ 1. fiexpi ivi. Cf. note on eare hri 4, 5, 6. SaXaTTav . . . Il6v- 

T(p, lit. a sea, the one in the Euxine, i. e. a sea which was a part of the Euxine, 
. a.Tr4dv<rcw. Cf. note 3, 2, 12. ev&VTo : 3, 2, 9. 



book v. chap. i. 349 

§ 2. Qovpios : from Thurii, a city in Magna Graecia on tho Tarentme 

Gulf. roivvv, (here/ore, is often used a^ the beginning of a speech, 

having reference to some thought not expressed, here perhaps it may he 

rendered, to speak out, to express my opinion. (Hert.) airelp7]Ka, used 

here in the secondary and intransitive sense, / am worn out. kclI . . . 

Kai. The repetition of the conjunction gives greater prominence to each 

particip. <pv\aicas <pv\drrwv. Cf. note 2, 6, 10. eKraOeis, . . . 

KaOevSwv, stretched out, sleeping. These participles form an antithesis in 

the idea to those which follow aTelprjKa. uxnrep 'O5u<ro"eus. Horn. 

Odyss. 13, 78 et seq. 

§ 4. £\de?v and fj£a>. Cf. note on i\66vres 2, 1, 1. rpiiipeis, war- 
ships ; ir\o7a, transports. irAe'iv avr6v, that he should sail. 

§ 5. 4tt\ Tr\o?a. Cf. note on hrl 2, 3, 8. iroielv depends on naipSs, 

a suitable time to do. iv rrj /xovij, during our stay. 

§ 6. orov u)V7i<r6/j.*8a evivopia, a supply of the means with which we shall 
purchase. Cf. note on orov 3, 1, 20. 

§ 7. ciAAa, cf. note 4, 6, 19. Trpovojxai, foraging parties in distinc- 
tion from single persons engaged in foraging. aAAws, rashly, carelessly, 

temere. yp-<*s> "■• e - tovs o~Tparr]yovs. 

§ 8. eVl Xeiav yap : cf. note on Spare yap 3, 2, 29. oiroi, sc. [ie\- 

Aei e|teVat. iyx*ipfj iroi, attempt any thing in any direction. In several 

instances eyx*tp*iv takes as here the construction of a verb of motion. 

Plat. Menex. 241, d. Thucyd. 8, 27. i<p* ous, understand rovrwv, 

the antecedent of ovs, of those against ichom. Cf. note 3, 1, 21. 

§ 9. Kara, is here distributive ; Kara [xepos, part by part, i. e. in turn, 

or by turns. tap . . . ffKoira>iJ.ev, Svvaivr* &v. The protasis lav with 

the subjunctive is followed by the indie* pres. or future when the conse- 
quence is positive, but by the optat. with &v, when it is probable. 

§ 10. wv = rovrwv a : there would be no need of those things which etc. 

avr6dev, from the place itself, from this very region. %v . . . eA0p, 

for if he come back, i. e. with transports. imapxo'vrcw, sc. tvXoiwv. 

§ 11. irapairXeovra, sailing by, sailing along the coast. alrrjad/xevoi, 

having borrowed. ir\o?a is sometimes used as a generic word, and thus 

may include the specific idea of triremes or war-ships (cf. 1, 3, 17) ; so 

also fxaKpa irKoia =■ rpvr\peis. Kardyeiv, to bring into port, Lat. dedu- 

cere. to ir7)0*d\ia Traoa\v6[xevoi, taking off the rudders, so that the 

sailors might not escape if they should desire. /co^tS/js, means of 

transportation. 

§ 12. evvo^care . . . el, and consider, said he, whether it is not etc. Cf. 
note 3, 2, 22. vavXov %vvQeo~Qai, to agree upon passage-money. 

§ 13. &pa : cf. note 2, 4, 6. 65ovs odoiroie'iv : cf. noto 4^ 

8, 8. 



350 NOTES. 

§ 14. €7rei^</>f(re ovdev, lit. he put nothing to vote, i. e. nothing pertain- 
ing to the going by land. 

§ 15. y relates to irevrr\K6vrepov, over tohich they appointed etc. ■ 

irepioinov. Cf. Die. Antiqq. art. Perioeci. — iroXvirpayiiovcav ri, while 

engaged in some intrigue. 

§ 16. XapfSavoi is iterative. aydyifxa, cargoes. — i^atpov/xevoi. 

This is the common word used to denote the unlading of a vessel. — — els 
irapayuyfjv, for privateering along the coast. 

CHAP. H. 

Being in want of provisions, the Greeks make an excursion into the coun- 
try of the Drilae. They storm and take the principal fort Belonging 
to these people. 

§ 1. els AptXas, into (the country of) the Drilae, a mountainous region 

farther from the coast than the country of the Colchians. are : cf. 

note 4, 2, 13. iroXXol belongs as an adjective to oi K6Xxoi, the Col- 
chians many in number were collected together. 

§ 2. 6ir6dev, cf. oOev 1, 3, 17. avrois. The inhabitants of the 

region implied in the word oirSdev. 

§ 3. i[xirnrpdvTes (from efXTri7rpr]fJi.i), sc. ol ApiXcu. 

§ 4. dopv<p6poi, persons who carried long sticks or poles (jSopdria 6, 4, 

23.) for the purpose of driving away and securing the booty. — els 5i£r%- 

av6- . The nominative would be the usual construction here ; yet cf. 2, 5, 
35 ; 6, 4, 23. 

§ 5. oi 8e, and they, i. e. the "enemy. Cf. note 3, 4, 4. 

§ 6. icp ' kv6s, in single file ,• evi with the gen. is used to denote not 
only the depth (cf. note 1, 2, 15), but also as here the width. 

§ 7. 6 . . . Xeyei, and the person who went says (to Xen.). — — on. Cf. 
note 1, 6, 7. 

§ 8. &eo~6ai to oirXa, to halt ; cf. note 1, 5, 14. ws . . . %o?/jiou, as 

if (i. e. in the hope that) the place might be taken. 

§ 9. ovk eivai, not to be possible. airodedeiyfievoi t)co.v is middle : 

had expressed the opinion. 

§ 11. Troirjcrai, to form, to draw up ; as in 4, 8, 10 and 14. In this 
sense the mid. is more common. Cf. 4, 8, 12 ; 5, 4, 22 ; 6, 5, 5 and 25. 
■ ws . . . aywuieicrQai, as he supposed he might contend most bravely. On 

the construction, cf. note on eav fir) 5i8<2 1, 3, 14. oi Xoxayoi. Cf. 4, 

1, 27 ; 4, 7, 9, et seq. 

§ 12. SivyKvX(a/j.evovs : cf. note 4, 3, 28. o"t)ixi\vr\ : cf. note 3, 4, 4. 

ws 8e?j(rov, as if it would be necessary, in the expectation that it would be 



BOOK Y. CHAP. II. 351 

necessary. The particip. of an impers. verb in the accns. abs. Gr. § 312, 5. 

■ iirifiep\T](r6ai : cf. note on iirifiefihrii.iei/ovs 4, 3, 28. tovtwv iiri- 

/j>G\7)9rji>a,i, to see to these things, i. e. all the orders specified after irap-fiy- 

§ 13. S^i, accordinglp ; i. e. as a consequence of the crescent-form in 
which the forces were drawn up. 

§ 14. tVel 5e is repeated in consequence of the intervening parenthe- 
tical clauses ical aAA-fjAovs . . . rd£is -f\v. a/xa Te introduces the prin- 
cipal clause. cr<pevd6vai : cf. note 3, 3, 16. 

§ 15. UeWvvevs : from Pellene, whether from the city of this name in 

Achaia or in Laconia is uncertain. ical tiXXos avafiefi-fjKei, and another 

had gone up (alone, ovk cA/cJ/xevos). 

§ 17. ;col exoj/Tes : cf. note on ical tx wv "&•> ^> 2. Ta%a 5e tis. 

The indefinite force of rls may be expressed thus, and now and then om 
perhaps (fled) etc. 

§ 18. tov fiov\6ixevov : cf. note 1, 3, 9. vikwlti . . . ucrudov^voi, 

those (Greeks) rushing within surpass those (Greeks) who toere coming out 
i. e. they compel them to return. 

§ 19. i^KOjxicrapTo, sc. avrd. 

§ 20. %v is without a definite subject, trwrripla a<r<p- being predicate : 

for thus there was a secure way of escape (to them). ovtcos (instead of 

outc*)) may stand before consonants when it is particularly emphatic (as 
here, being used antithetically with aWus). 

§ 21. Siypovv, they took away. This was done to make more room and 

thus facilitate their retreat. KaTaKiirSures, cf. note 1, 8, 27. It takes 

for its object the antecedent of ols, i. e. tovtovs understood. 

§ 24. KpdvT) Yla<pXayoviKa : according to 5, 4, 13, CKvriva, according 
to Herod. 7, 72, ireTr\eyp.4va ; hence it appears that they were woven or 

braided of leathern straps. iv. 5e|ja otov St) hd^avros, on the right of 

some one or other who had set fire to it. On the use of otov, cf. note 4, 7, 25. 

§ 25. tovto . . . rvxvs, this thing (presented) by good fortune. 

§ 26. i\VTrovv, occasioned solicitude. Cf. Cyrop. 3, 3, 50. a/j.<pl 

. . . exoiey, might be busy about these things, i. e. in extinguishing the fires. 

§ 29. nai before h.vt\p introduces a fuller statement of what was just 
before only intimated. 

§ 30. diopwvres = dia<paiv6fieva Sp&vres, seeing these things appearing 

at intervals. us . . . ovaav, as if there were an ambuscade ; accus. abs. 

Gr. § 312, 6. lnav6v, a sufficient distance. Kal os : cf. note 1, 8, 16. 

§ 31. ol &\Aoi Kp^res, the others, namely the Cretans. Cf. note on oude 

&\\o 1, 5, 5. oA./c/ceo'flcu, that they were overtaken. i{$6a ; cf. note 

1, 8, 12. 

§ 32. irrl ir6tia, backwards, i. e. with their faces towards the enemy. 



352 NOTES. 



chap. in. 

Compelled by the want of provisions to leave Trapezus, the army resumes 
its march by land, after having placed tke*invalids and the camp- 
followers on board the transports which they could command. Having 
reached Cerasus, they divide the money arising from the sale of the 
captives, and distribute the tenth part among the generals to be con- 
secrated to Apollo and Artemis. Xenophon describes in a charming 
manner the sanctuary which he afterwards consecrated to Artemis in 
the vicinity of his residence at Scillus. 

§ 1. fiev corresponds to 5e before dxXoi. iirope^ovTo, sc. Kara yr\v. 

§ 2. Kepatrovs. A place in the lower part of a valley, which is now 
called Kerasun-Dere ; distinct from the city Kerasonda or Kiresun situated 
farther westward, not mentioned by Xen. but known in ancient times, first 
under the name Kerasus, afterwards by the name Pharnacia. Both places 
receive their name from the abundance of cherries (called in Armenian 
Keras ; in modern Persian and Turkish Kires) which grow wild in this 

region, and which were taken from this region to Italy by Lucullus. 

rptrcuoi, on the third day. Cf. note on <tkotcuoi 2, 2, 17. 

§ 3. iv to?s ottXois, under arms. This expression, says Kriiger, is added 
because without it, the implication would be that they were mustered and 

numbered without their arms, as often happened. a/x(pl . . . /u.vplovs, 

in round numbers about 10,000. Cf. note 1, 2, 9. e? ns, now and 

then one, sc. aTrcoAero. 

§ 4. to . . . yeyS/xeuoy, the money raised from (the sale of) etc. 

tV Senaryy, sc. [xepiSa. The most common ellipses of the fern, gender 

are rt/xepa, 77} or x^pa, odos, fxo?pa f x^Pi an< ^ P*pis. to . . . &eo7s, 

each one to preserve for the gods his part. ^Aaivatos : from Asine, a oity 

in Laconia. I'AajSe, sc. to piepos. 

§ 5. With rb tov 3 Air6\., understand /xepos, as also § 6 with t& ttjs 
'ApTe/x. : having made (of) the part belonging to Apollo a votive offering, he 

consecrates it etc. tu>v 'AQifjvaicou Sr-rjaavpSy. Athens like the othei 

Grecian cities had its own treasure-chamber at Delphi. 

§ 6. ots airriei k.t.X. See Introduction § 1. t^v . . . oSov, accus 

of cognate meaning with aTnjei. Meydfiufys was not the individual, 

but the official name of the priests of Artemis at Ephesus. ayadeTyai, 

sc. e7recrTeiAei/. Troirjcrdfizvov : cf. note on Aa/3oVra 1, 2, 1. 

§ 7. €(pevyev : cf. note on tovs (pevyovras 1, 1, 7. For an explanation 

of the allusion, see Introduc. § 1. Zv ^.klKKovvtl : see Introduc. § 1. 

oirov . . . §e6s, where the god in an oracle directed ; 6 beds means 

Apollo, when an oracle is spoken of. 



BOOK V. CHAP. IV. 353 

§ 8. 5m /jea-ov rod : cf. 1, 2, 7. ev . . . ev. The same preposition 

repeated. Cf. els . . . els 4, 4, 14. frrjpai, sc. elaiv. 

§ 9. <TK7\vov(riv : cf. note on avc7ji/oiWas 4, 5, 33. twi/ . . . Aa%os, 

a share of the animals which -were sacrificed from the sacred herd. Actios, 
chiefly poetic, occurs also G, 3, 2. 

§ 10. $o\6i]s. A range of mountains between Elis and Arcadia. 

§ 11. eari Se /c.t.A.., ancZ the place is where they go etc., i. e. in our 

idiom, and the place is on the road from etc. evi = evecrri. luava 

. . . rpecpeiv, sufficient to support etc. ei/wx^o'dai is here predicated of 

animals (to virofyyia). 

§ 12. '6<ra] a brief expression for tovtwv or iravTwv '6<ra, the supplied 
gen. depending on devBpwv : trees (of all fruits') which when ripe are eaten 
raw. XP V0 ~V '• perhaps means only gilded instead of golden, since ac- 
cording to Pliny the image of Diana at Ephesus was of ebony, according 
to Vitruvius of cedar. It may be however that the image in the older 
temple (which was burned by Ilerostratus) was destroyed with the temple, 
and that this older image was actually made of gold. 

§ 13. KaraQvetv and eiricKevd^eiv instead of the imperat., an idiom very 

common in the older Ionic, but found in Xen. only in this passage. 

t/; &ecp /xeAriaei is intended as a warning, it will concern the goddess, or the 
goddess will see to it. 

CHAP. IV. 

The march through the country of the Mossynoeci ; a picture of their 
savage and disgusting manners. 

§ 1. o'lirep Ka\ irpSaOeu : cf. 5, 3, 1. 

§ 2. els avrovsy like els Apl\as 5, 2, 1. us Sta <pi\ias : cf. note 4, 

1, 8. Zifooiev : cf. 3, 2, 23 and 4, 1, 8. 

§ 3. ol . . . erreKetua, those who dwell beyond ; e/c rod, cf. irpbs rot; 2, 

2, 4. robs apxovrasy the chief men (of the Mossynoecians who dwelt 

farther along (ol e/c rov eireKeiva) than those who refused to let the Greeks 
pass through their country). 

§ 5. Ziao-(aQi]uai . . . 'Ek\dSa, to pass through in safety to Greece etc. Cf. 
eVw£oj/To irpbs to (TTpaToiredov, Cyrop. 5, 4, 16 Instead of irpSs, els would 
be more common. (Hert.) 

§ G. TTcvirore stands often in affirmative sentences, especially in those 

which are hypothetical. (Krug.) Kal rb Xonrbv . . . tovtovs, and that 

these men henceforth be your subjects, depends on e^ecrrtv v/xiv. 

§ 8. o &px<»v : the principal man among the chiefs (§ 3, 4), who acted 
as speaker. 



354 NOTES. 

§ 9. rl . . . xp^^ a ^ a h f or what you will want to make use ofus; instead 
of rifxoov, we should expect rifuv as dependent on xpv ff ^ a h but by a species 
of anticipation the pronoun is put in the case required by de-fjo-ecrBe. 

§ 10. on. Cf. note 1, 6, 8. tV tw? . . . iroXejxiwv belongs to 

X&po-v as an adjective clause. 

§ 11. e7rl tovtois : cf. 3, 2, 4. irXoTa p.oy6^v\a, boats made of one 

piece of wood, i. e. canoes. • ■ ol 5uo : the article is used because by giv- 
ing the whole sum the part is consequently definite. According to our 
idiom the article would not be translated. 

§ 12. iarricrav, they (i. e. the barbarians who remained) stood. • 
jxdKicrra, at most = about, since in approximate designations of number the 

highest estimate is given. — — oiov, as for example. fiowj/ : cf. note 

4, 5, 14. £v\ov depends not on omaQev but upon ccpaipoeides and is 

gen. of the material : — and having at the hinder extremity the form of a ball, 
made of the wood itself. 

§ 13. vTrep yovdrwv, above the knees, i. e. they did not reach down to 

the knees. Xivov ffTpa/j.aTodeo'fj.ov limits x iTa>v ' l0 ~ K0vs i an( ^ we^os ^ s 

accus. by synec. ; cf. evpos and irXiQpwv 1, 2, 23 ; lit. about of a linen bed- 
sack in thickness, i. e. of about the thickness of a linen bed-sack. ■ ■riapo- 

ei5?) qualifies Kpdvt\. craydpeis : cf. note 4, 4, 16. 

§ 15. oukcTto : cf. note 1, 4, 1. ad, at any time, a common mean- 
ing of ad when placed between the article and particip. or adject. The 

account of this word in L. & S. is defective. Tvdvrav depends on 

iyKpareTs. 

§ 16. Trpoo'i6i>TC0j' 1 sc. avTav. Cf. irpo'iSvTwv 1, 2, 17. reus [a4v : 

cf. note 4, 2, 12. 

§ 17. v6(ag> rivi, in a certain tune. 

§ 20. to? uvrt, in reality. na\ 7]/J.as, sc. iroXe/xiovs elvai. ct7rep, 

sc. eirpa^av. St/crjf dedc&Kao'iv : cf. note on Sidoir] Siktjj/ 2, 6, 21. — — 

avdis, again, in future. 

§ 21. oi>x opo'iois . . . vvv Te koX ore, lit. they will not fight with similar 
men both noio and when etc., i. e. in our idiom, they will not fight with the 
same men novo as when etc. 

§ 22. Kara, ravrd, after the same manner as the Greeks, i. e. in column. 

§ 23. fjo-av . . . o'i, for some of the enemy. Gr. § 331, Rem. 4. ro?s 

Xldois, with the stones, i. e. with such as they had, or with such as they 

could pick up. av£o~TeXXov, attempted to drive back. Cf. note on iflid- 

£ero 1, 3, 1. irpaiTOV fiev : the antithesis would be Zireira Se avw irpbs 

tt]v /xriTpSiroXiu, instead of which another construction § 25 is substituted, 
owing to the intervening clause. 

§ 25. rots iraXrols. The article is used because iraXrd have already 
been mentioned § 12, as weapons used by the Mossynoeci. — &XXa 






BOOK V. CHAP. IV. 355 

SSpara, having other (weapons) also (namely) spears etc. Cf. note on &Wo 

SevSpov 1, 5, 5. e'/c x el P^ s i ty casting (these weapons) from the hand ; 

cf. e/c x eL P^ s fidWovres 3, 3, 15. 

§ 26. ical epTevdev, from this place also, as from the place mentioned 

§ 24. ku\ (pvXa.TTOvo'iy, and (whom) they guard. Mossyni reges suffra- 

gio deligunt vinculisque et artissima custodia tenent. Pompon. Mela 1, 19. 
(cited by Hert.) iv tw irp6repou alpeOevn x a pW'' tne pl ace men- 
tioned § 15, as being in front of the metropolis. — — — fioaavvois, a hetero- 
clitic form of fiScrcw. 

§ 27. v*vt\\x£vwv, from v4u, I pile up, or hoard up. - irarplovs ; Hert. 

understands this in the sense of irarpcoovs, handed down from their fathers, 
and supposes that something like skip-bread is described : Krug. more 
naturally takes the word in its ordinary sense, such as they were accustomed 

to hoard up from the times of their forefathers. at ir\zio~Tai 1 the chief 

part ; assimilated to the same form with £eicu' ; though we should expect 
6 ttKucttos as the form suggested by olrov. In like manner in § 29 Tovrcp 
instead of rovrois, sc. Kapvois. 

§ 28. icapva ra irXaria, chestnuts, which grow in that region in great 
abundance. They were probably little known to the Greeks of that time. 

§ 29. tovto), cf. note § 27. tr\zio~Tu> belongs to tovtoj as predi- 
cate. These they made use of even in the greatest abundance as food etc. 

olvos : still made in the valleys of this region from the grapes which grow 
wild. 

§ 30. ■Kpoaex^pow, surrendered. al 8e, without a preceding at {xev, 

limits the too general statement which precedes : some more, some less. 

§ 31. ava.(io<i)VT(tiv . . . £vwf)Kovov, and they mutually heard one another in 

shouting etc. els tV . . . e/c rrjs . . . : the common order would be e/c 

rrjs . . . ets tV . . . : yet cf. 6, 4, 2. 

§ 32. twj/ evdoufiSuuv, like beatorum, = twv irXovcriow. ov iroXKov 

b*£ouras . . . elvai, lit. wanting not much to be, = almost. icrriy^iuovs 

avOe/jiia, tattooed with figures of flowers. The expression in the act. is gtI- 
£eiv riva avQepua. 

§ 33. ah by attraction instead of as. ccpicri : the reflexive is used 

because the Mossynoeci are thought of as the logical subject. 

§ 34. %\tyov : see Introd. § 6. tovtovs fiapfiapuTdrovs 5ie\6e?y, 

lit. that they passed through these the most barbarous, i. e. that these were the 

most barbarous people through whom they passed etc. rokfxwev, sc. iroie'iv. 

ofxoia . . . uvres, they did such things as (they would do) in the presence 

of others ; these things he immediately enumerates. icp' kavrwv, by 

themselves, i. e. when alone ; a conjecture of Krug. instead of i<p' eavrols, 
at themselves ; cf. 2, 4, 10. rvxotey, sc. ovrss. 



356 NOTES. 



CHAP. V. 

Passing through the country of the Chalybes they reach Cotyora. Here 
they remain forty-five days, subsisting meanwhile by plundering the 
territory of the Paphlagonians and also of Cotyora. The Sinopians 
complain of this, but are silenced by a decisive reply from Xenophon. 

§ 1. XaXvfias : not the same as these mentioned above 4, 7, 15. 

§ 2. kolI . . . ovTjdrjvai <n, and that the army be benefited somewhat ; in- 
stead of the pass. bvr\Qi]vai, we should expect here the act. bvr\cai ; for a 

similar change of construction, cf. 7, 3, 3. 7//ce, predicated of things, 

cf. 4, 8, 24. 

§ 3. KaradvaavTcov, sc. avrcov. yywfiTjv : the singular number, 

though predicated of several persons : a common idiom in Greek as also 

in English. Korvcapa : now called Ordu. airoiicovs : in apposition 

with the collective noun iv6\iv. ivras Se' : without a preceding /j.4y ; 

cf. note on i/xhs Se' 1, 7, 9. 

§ 4. iire^evaey, from 7re£euw. TrXr,0os . . . rr,s 65ov : Herod. 4, 123, 

uses Tr^TJdos in the same way ; but in 1, 72, and 2, 11, he uses firiKos 

nstead of irXyfios. Cf. note on apidj.Cbs rr\s 65ov 2, 2, 6. iy BafivXwvi 

may be rendered in the neighborhood of Babylon. Cf. note on iy . . . HSyrcp 
4, 8, 22. & X P L els '• cf - note 4 > 5 > 6 - 

§ 7. (pofZovfieuoi, though it agrees grammatically with Trptafieis, in 
idea it is predicated of all the Sinopians. ■ cp6poy ecpepov : cf. cpvXaKas 
<pv\a.teiv 2, 6, 10. deiybs . . . Xeyeiy, reputed to be an eloquent man. 

§ 8. Te . . . Se' are here correlative. The adversative Se indicates that 
the clause which it introduces contains a much more important statement 
than the preceding clause. ^vvnadricroixivovs, to congratulate you etc* 

§ 11. ivlovs is in apposition with v/j.as, the part in apposition with 

the whole : cf. note on avOpuirovs 2, 5, 5. ol> Treidovras after fita is 

pleonastic. 

§ 12. ravra . . . d|to? i aej', ii:herefore we do not consider these things pro- 
per. — — KopvAav : ruler of the Paphlagonians, cf. 6, 1, 2. &\Aot 

bvTiva : cf. note on aXXa onScra 1, 10, 3. 

§ 13. 'Hpels Se' : cf. note on Se 4, 6, 10. ciyeiv ical <p4peiy : cf. 

note 2, 6, 5. 

§ 14. iy Tpaire^ovvri jiiv. The correlative clause is Korvcapiras Se' § 19. 

avd y Ziv = avr\ rovrcoy a, since ri/j.uy may take an accus. both of a 

person and of a tbing ; cf. 1, 3, 3. ayri is expressed both in composi- 
tion with the verb and also before the case. rovrwy refers to the col- 
lective rls : cf. avrovs 1, 4, 8. yyolyro, iterative optative. 






BOOK V. CHAP. VI. 357 

§ 15. rifxcov is the object of trvyav, 6irolu>u riv&v is predicate ; what 
sort of men they found us (to be). 

§ 16. &u re . . . a\v re : supply mentally the clause iKdSvres . . . 
exco/J-ev. 

§ 17. kcu fidXai cf. note 1, 5, 8. iroXefilovs iKTrjaa.iJ.eOa, we ac- 
quired as enemies, i. e. we made (them) our enemies. 

§ 18. Mdupcoj/as : cf. 4, 8, 8. rwv eKetuwu, of those things belonging 

to them / cf. rod i/teli/ov SovAou 2, 5, 38. 

§ 19. Koruwpiras 5e, But in respect to the inhabitants of Cotyora. We 
should naturally expect here the nominative as subject of eifflv. The 
accus. may be explained as an instance of inverted attraction to the case 
of the relative ovs ; or with Kriig. as an anacoluthon, the sentence com- 
mencing as though eJf ri acppp^fieOa were to follow. 

§ 20. b . . . \eyeis, but as to ichat you say etc. We should expect eZ 

foOi on r)/j.e7s, instead of i)fie?s alone; cf. 6, 1, 29. ^.. . xtoptoif, 

where the place itself (from the nature of its situation) gave us admission. 

5e after aic-nvovffi, used like aXka. 3, 2, 13. i-irl : cf. note 1, I, 4. 

KOfxto'ao-dai, to carry ourselves, i. e. to go. Cf. 3, 2, 26. 

§ 21. oi &\\oi is in apposition with the subject of atc-nvovixev, but we 

the others etc. Cf. ol arparinyoi 2, 5, 25. vnaidpioi : cf. note on <tko- 

ratoi 2, 2, 17. 

§ 22. i)fjLe?s Se. Through the word de, the following part of the sentence 
exhibits an anacoluthon with respect to the beginning ; as though it had 
commenced cb p.ev 7}irei\r]oras. iroiovfieQa : the fut. would be the com- 
mon construction. rbv IlacpXayoua = rbv dpxovra r&v Tla<p\ay6vQ)V. 

§ 24. rois elpij/xevois, at those things which had been spoken, i. e. by their 

own orator Hecatonymus. £evlois, connect with de^4/xe8a, we will 

receive you with gifts of hospitality. robs ivBdde, i. e. the Cotyorians. 

§ 25. re after £evia is a correlative of Kal before irp6s. ewir^Seia 

= <pi\iiccL. 

CHAP. VI. 

The Sinopians advise the Greeks to proceed by sea, and they agree to fol- 
low the advice on condition that the Sinopians furnish a sufficient 
number of ships for the purpose. The design of Xenophon to found a 
new city in Pontus is frustrated by the treachery of the soothsayer 
Silanus. 

§ !• XP'h ' 1 ^ 01 - ' • vyou/xevoi : the Sinopians seemed etc. It is more 
easily traislated impersonally, it seemed that the Sinopians by acting as 

guides would be useful ; a\v belongs to elvai. elre Kara frdXarrav, SC. 

5 e'oi iropeieaQai. 



358 NOTES. 

§ 2. leal T)liovv . . . j;v/xfSov\sveiv, and they demanded of (the Sinopians) 
as Greeks, that they should above all things receive (them) favorably in this 
way, in being friendly to Greeks and in giving the best advice ; "EAA?j<n de- 
pends on evvovs, but is placed next to "EWrjvas uvtcls, on account of the 
paronomasia. Cf. note 1, 9, 2 ; tovtco i. e. tw elvai k.t.X. See Gr. § 304, 2. 

§ 3. i£bv . . . elvai, it being permitted to befriends to the bjarbarians. Cf. 
note 2, 5, 22. 

§ 4. iroWa . . . yivono : a wish, would that etc. avr-q is subject ; 

and as usual is assimilated in form to tbe following predicate : \eyofievn 
eivai, said to he, a common method of citing a proverb. Gr. § 264, Rem. 1. 
The proverb alluded to was Uphv r) <Tv}j.fiov\4], advice is a sacred thing. We 
may render the clause somewhat freely, for this (fact), advice is a sacred 
thing according to the proverb, (this) seems now to be fulfilled, (lit. seems to be 
present toith me.) — — yap after vvv has reference also to the sentence et 
u\v . . . rauavrla ; so also in § 6 the second yap refers to the same sen- 
tence as the first yap. 

§ 5. to. irXola, the boats ; the article here does not imply that they have 

been mentioned, but means simply the requisite boats. t)y . . . oreA- 

Xvade, but if you set out etc. 

§ 6. XeKTeo a yiyvdotfuw, I must tell you what I judge (to be best). For 
the construction of Ae/crea, see Gr. § 284, 3, (12). 

§ 7. ou yap icriv, sc. rr]U elo~fio\riv Troie?a6ai. #AA?7 $) y, any 

where else than where. rrjs 68ov depends on enarepa. o depends 

on Kar^xovTes. na\ Trdvv, even very. 

§ 8. Ka\ vvv, arid now ; doubtless on the occasion of the battle of Cuna- 
xa. p-tiCov eppove?, is too proud, i. e. to obey the summons of the king. 

§ 9. K\4\pai : cf. note 4, 6, 11. — — iwl tovs iroTa/xovs, to the rivers ; 
the article is used because they are to be mentioned immediately, so that 

we may render iirl tovs, to the following. ■ irXiQpwv limits QepputSovTa : 

cf. note 1, 2, 23. &AAws re Kal tto\-, especially when at the same time 

enemies etc. Cf. 7, 7, 40. a/3aT0S, notfordable (Kriig.). 

§ 10. ov : not only. 

§ 11. KopvXa : objective genitive limiting <pi\ias. This Doric form 
of the gen. was used also by Attic writers in certain appellatives and in 
foreign proper names, especially Doric and Aeolic proper names. Gr. § 44, 
Rem. 2. 5' ovv : cf. note 1, 2, 12. 

§ 12. ovtco 5e ex e£ » Du ^ ^ ie case * s *hus = but on this condition. 

7}fxe?s Se : cf. L. & S. under Se, 4. In such a connection we cannot well 
translate Se. 

§ 13. x &P a ■ loco - Cf - 5 > 7 > 28 - 

§ 15. Kal Imre'is . . . iKavovs : lit. and horsemen also (being) already 
even very skilful through discipline. — — tvQa . . . TrapetnceucurflTj, where so 



BOOK V. CHAP. VI. 359 

great a force could not be collected with small means, i. e. in case any one 

should wish to found a colony in that region. avr<S is repeated for the 

sake of perspicuity, hecause aevocpwyTi is so far removed. Cf. o.vt6v 2, 4, 7. 

§ 16. avrSw, of themselves, i. e. Xen. and his men. ~2,iXav6v : cf. 

1, 7, 18. 

§ 17. eavrtS : cf. note on kavr6v 1, 8, 29. 

§ 18. ras Sena rj/xepas : the article is used hecause the 5e/ca tj/j.- are 

mentioned 1, 7, 18. 7jA.^0eu<T€ : cf. note on aXnOevvai 4, 4, 15. 

Kvpca, for Cyrus, limits &v6/ievos. 

§ 19. on is repeated on account of the intervening clause. Cf. 7, 4, 5 ; 
and fit in 3, 2, 25. 

§ 20. ix^v depends on air6povs, being at a loss etc. us otKatie, as 

if towards home, with the intention of going home. tt}s . . . olKovjxiuns y 

partitive gen. dependent on e/cAe|a,uez/ot. Karaax^iv, airievat, and fxi- 

veiv depend on (JovXecrOe ; but the first is to he connected in idea with 
fiov\7)(rde, the second with rbv fieu i04\ovra, the third with rbv Se i6e- 
Xovtol. 8e after irXo?a is used in the same way as 8e after r]jue?s in § 12. 

§ 22. aV/xej/os : cf. note 2, 1, 16. irpocrexzi-v f-ovy, to direct atten- 
tion towards staying, i. e. towards settling in this region. 

§ 23. Kv£lkt}v6v, sc. ffrarrjpa ; was equal in value to the Daric, cf. 1, 
1, 9. The name is from the island Cyzicus where this stater was coined. 

Die. Antiqq. art. Stater. e/coj/res, sc. ol iroXTrai implied in t) ir6h is. 

Cf. airoiKOvs 5, 5, 3. 

§ 24. ev8ev, to a place where. Cf. note on oQev 1, 3, 17. not rrjs 

. . . Trdo"r)s, and all the government of Pharndbazus, i. e. the satrapy called 
Dascylitis, to which, besides the countries mentioned, Bithynia also he- 
longed. £vveo*TpaTev<r6cu k.t.X. This took place in 411 B. C. Cf. 

Thucyd. 8, 61 and 80. 

§ 25. tw {SovKoixivu is connected like aureus with ecreortfat just as 
though uiCTe had not been expressed. It must be rendered as though it 
were rbv fiovXSjxevov. 

§ 26. tV pio-Qocpopav, the (requisite) pay. Cf. tt)v before Si/ctjj/ 1, 3, 
20. ware : cf. note 2, 6, 6. 

§ 27. els often stands with verbs of speaking, because (says Hert.) the 
speaker is conceived of as entering into the midst of the hearers ; cf. 28, 

37. rb koiv6v, the common authority having charge of the general 

interests ; cf. 5, 7, 17. 

§ £8. Kal vvv : cf. note on koI t6tg 4, 8, 11. 

§ 29. rb fill/ fieyicTTov, the most important thing, chief y ; cf. 1, 3, 10. 

&ireipou, sc. ruy Upuv. i/j.ol depends on iirifiovX-fj. Verbal nouns 

not unfrequently take the construction of the verbs from which they are 
derived. itrePovAeve, used here with the infin. : planned, plotted. 



360 NOTES. 

§ 30. acp' ou . . . Sore, lit. whence it might take place so that, or in an 
Eng. idiom, how it might be brought about that etc. ware is not unfrequently 
used in this manner after yiyveaOai. rhv [iev, and rhv Se are in par- 
titive apposition with vjxas. Cf. note 4, 6, 25. rbv oe /j.^ $ov\6ixevov, 

but the one not wishing (to sail away at once, might sail) after he had ac- 
quired etc. 

§ 31. Kal . . . avdpas, and see persons promising etc. The allusion is to 

Tima?K)n and Thorax. aw^wp-ivovs evBa, arriving safely at the place 

where etc. fiovAofjieda : cf. note 5, 7, 6. jxiaBov t?js awryptas, pay 

for arriving in safety. Cf. p.ia6bv ttjs aacpaAelas, 7, 6, 30. 

§ 32. &v belongs to elvai and e%^v, cf. 5, 6, 1. iv yap . . . rjrrS- 

va>v ; for the same sentiment, cf. 3, 2, 28. SiaairaaOevres Kal yevo- 

fievTir : cf. note 1, 10, 6. x a ' l P 0VTes i see L. & S. VII, 2. 

§ 33. apdrci) rr\v X.eipa : cf. note 3, 2, 9. 

§ 34. tV 5i/c77j/ : # cf. note 1, 3, 20. 

f 35. ra %pi\\xara . . . i^peva/xevoi %aav, deceived in respect to the money, 

did rot keep their word in respect etc. rr\s fjuadotpopas limits ra xP"h~ 

fiara. The position of the gen. is no more strange than that of rwv Kap- 
Souvcoi' (the second) 4, 3, 1 . 

§ 36. avenGKoivaivTo : cf. 3, 1, 5. $aaiv : the well-known river of 

this name in Colchis ; cf. not: i, 6, 4. 

§ 37. els r-fjv : cf. note § 27 above. yvd>ixi)v : cf. note 1, 6, 9. 

q»k eKKATi<rid(ei.jfy several manuscripts and editions have ^ e/c. Kiihner 
«\ys, utrumque aptum ; pfi, ne concionem convocarent ; ovk, se nolle convo- 
lve concionem. Cf. Thucyd. 1, 39. v/aas a£iovvres ou |u i u^ta^e«'. 



CHAP. VII. 

Much excitement prevails in the army occasioned by the report that Xeno- 
phon is about to conduct them back to the Phasis. Xenophon calls 
the army together and eloquently defends himself; he then takes occa- 
sion to describe the conduct of a part of the army who had abused 
ambassadors sent from Cerasus. A resolution is passed that the affair 
be investigated. 

§ 1. ird\iv els $aaiv, back to Phasis. It seems that Neon confounded 
the Phasis in Colchis to which the other generals proposed to sail with the 
Phasis which they had passed in Armenia. Cf. 4, 6, 4. 

§ 2. £v\Aoyoi, gatherings of the soldiers ; /cu/cAot, groups collected 
around one person who acted as speaker. Cf. Lat. circuli. — — Kal [xd\a 
(pofiepol jjGav, fjL-fj, and they were causing much fear, lest ; in other words. 
and it was greatly to be feared, that etc. -— — rovs : the article is used as 



BOOK V. CHAP. VII. 361 

if the events here alluded to, though not related till afterwards, were al- 
ready known to the reader. 

§ 3. ayopdv is here used in the sense of eKKX-qcxiav, a use not common 
in the Attic writers. 

§ 4. on, that, saying that. 

§ 5. avTois xpyvQ*! treat them, use them. 

§ 6. ro{jfj.Tra\iv irpbs k<o : repeat from the preceding clause Se? iropev- 

eadai. ws tfXios . . . iyrevdev : that the sun rises at that point and sets 

yonder, while (in fact) it sets there and rises from thence. The meaning of 
this sentence would be rendered perfectly clear by the gestures of the 
speaker. 

§ 7. fiopeas and p6tos : without the article, as the names of winds are 

often used ; cf. 4, 5, 3. See also note on tfXios 1, 10, 15. i^airarrjo-ai. 

On this form of the optat. see Gr. § 116, 9. Notice also the difference in 
accent between this word and the infin. in § 6. 

§ 8. aAAa yap : but (some one may say, I may deceive you) for. 

§ 9. iroiw, / make this supposition, I will suppose. Kal $4), and 

grant that. ttws . . . ^ovXev6p.evos, how therefore could a single man 

suffer a worse punishment than by forming such plans etc. 

§ 10. iyprjyopevai (from iyelpoi) . . . iirifxeX6/xeyov, to watch, (while) 

caring for etc., i. e. to watch carefully etc. vapit}fii, sc. apxeiv, I give 

it up to him. The asyndeton adds greatly to the vivacity of the descrip- 
tion. pi6vov, adv. only. 

§ 11. aXXa yap : cf. note 3, 2, 26. &XXov is the object of ££aira- 

rr^aai, with which supply &v from the preceding clause ; or that I might 
deceive any other person etc. 

§ 12. oTav . . . aXis ex7jT6, when you have enough of, are satisfied in 

respect to etc. — — el eweiai Kal eo'rai : cf. note on irepuao'i 4, 1, 3. 

olou virodeiKwaiv, such as it appears in the beginning (foro-). Kal (piXcov 

Kal TroXe/iiwv, in apposition with aydpcoiruv. 

§ 13. wv = tovtuu a. Sokovo'i . . . rives, and some of you also seem 

to me ; or thus, and I think that some of you also ; eX66ures . . . &7reA0e2V, 
having gone . . . returned back again. 

§ 14. tovto KarapiaOwv ort, by anticipation instead of Kara/tad by on 

rovro : cf. note 1, 1, 5. avrovs, i. e. rovs ev r$ X^f'V • c ^ o-toIkovs 

5, 5, 3. 

§ 15. eX6e?v : cf. note 2, 1, 1. TrapairXeovres : in 5, 1, 16, 

■jrapayayf) is used. It will be recollected that a part of the army 

(cf. 5, 3, 1,) was conveyed in boats along the coast. eX n : cf. note 

1, 5, 1. 

§ 16. avrbv . . . yevofiev-q, day unexpectedly breaks upon him ,• cf. 3, 4, 

49. ol Se nves : cf. note 2, 3, 15. 

16 



362 NOTES. 

§ 17. devpo e£ct>p / ucDjuej', we set out (to come) hither. rcav ttXcSutuv ; 

cf. 5, 4, 1. rb KOivbv rb 7]ixerepoyj our common authorities, the officers 

of our army ; cf. 5, 6, 27. 

§ 18. e7rel . . . ecpao~av, but when they declared, said they (the Cera- 
suntii) ; the accusative with the infin. or as here the noininat. (<T(pe?s) with 
the infin. may stand even after conjunctions (as e7ret) just as after relative 
pronouns (e. g. 2, 2, 1.) ; ff<pe?s, the suhject of the infin. Xeyew, stands 
instead of acpas hecause the infin. and the governing verb e<pa<raj/ have the 
same subject. (Hert.) Still the construction of cruets Xeyew is very un- 
usual and there is some reason to doubt the correctness of the text. 

airb koivov, by public authority. KeXeveiv, in the same construction with 

Xe£ai to which it is connected by koi. robs . . . 8eo/j.4vovs, the persons 

ashing this, i. e. the friends of the deceased. This clause is in apposition 
with avrovs and is the subject of frdirreiV) that they themselves should take 
and bury the dead. 

§ 19. rivis : cf. note 3, 3, 4. robs fiapfidpovs oiroi, instead of Siroi 

ol fidpfiapot : cf. note § 14 above. ro?s XiQois : cf. note 5, 4, 23. 

TrapeKeXevovro, sc. fiaXXeiv. 

§ 21. T&v oirXwv : cf. note on rk oirXa 2, 2, 20. 

§ 22. us &v : sc. airox^po'iey, as they would (naturally) withdraw after 
having even witnessed etc. 

§ 26. tovtovs rl doKure : what do you think of these persons ? Hertlein 

supposes here an ellipsis of some infin. as Spaffcu. 7)?jikovj/ has the force 

of a pluperf. So also a5i/cet § 29 is perf. in meaning. Cf. note on vmav 2, 1, 1. 

§ 27. aveXsaQai depends on Kvpioi, without rod before the infin. Cf. 

note on aviaracdai 4, 4, 11. ol f$ovX6[j.evoi : the sing, would be more 

common. ruv Uvruv limits X6yuv. 

§28. iv ov5ej/2 %«/)<j, in no position, i.e. will be without power. ——— 
vjxuv limits ov. 

§ 29. Kal StaireTrpdxaffiv, have also accomplished ; i. e. consider not 
merely their guilt but also the unhappy condition into which they have 
brought us. On the position of ovroi, cf. note 4, 2, 6. 

§ 30. aacpaXes elvai, sc. a<piKve?adai suggested by atpiKyrjcOe. 

K7)pv£, as herald, in apposition with ris. 

§ 31. aAAo : cf. note 4, 6, 19. VP&i !• e « ol ffrparriyot. 

Bo^dru v/juUf lit. let it seem good to you, i. e. ratify it by a formal vote. — — — 
as, on the ground that, in the expectation that ; cf. 5, 2, 12. 

§ 33. oD, where ; the reference is to Greece. irdvruv limits iiraivov. 

§ 34. Bovvai having robs . . . &pl-a,vras for its subject depends on eAe- 

yov. Cf. note on eXeye 1, 3, 8. rod Xonrov, henceforth ; cf. 6, 4, 11. 

— — avrovs refers to rls : cf. note on avrovs 1, 4, 8. iirl : cf. not* \ t 

6, 10. — — e| ov } sinGe. 



BOOK V. CHAP. VIII. 363 



CHAP. VIII. 

Investigation is also made into the past conduct of the generals. Several 
of them are fined for delinquencies. On the preferment of some charges 
against Xenophon, he defends himself "with his accustomed ability. 

§ 1. dticnv virocrxtw, should submit themselves to a trial. • SiSovtcov : 

sc. avTU)v 5'iKnv. Zovvai S'ikvv = viroo'x^ Siicrjv. ttjs <pv\a,Krjs as gen. 

of cause depends on SxpAe (from b<p\i<TKav<a) ; Gr. § 274, 2. Observe that 
(pvAairfi here denotes negligent guarding. Cf. the use of 5wa/xiv 1, 6, 7. 

to fidujAa is also dependent on dS$Ae as accus. of cognate meaning ; 

Gr. § 278, 1 and 2. f^yus is in apposition with [xelcafxa : was fined, for 
negligently guarding the cargoes of the ships, twenty minae, the (amount of) 
the loss on the cargoes, twv . . . x 07 7/ i « Ta " / limits both <pv\aKrjs and to 

fxeiuficu For the allusion, cf. 5, 1, 16. ^ocpalveros 8e, sc. SxpXe. 

&PX &,,/ atpsdels : cf. 5, 3, 1. 

§ 2. Ae|oj/To, sc. "iraUcBcu. nal after irov imparts emphasis to the 

interrogative. Cf. /cat after o, Tt 1, 8, 16, after dirr}vii«x 3, 5, 18. 

aTTooWvjAeda, were perishing ; cf. 4, 5. 

§ 3. o'iov : by assimilation instead of toiovtov olov. — — irapov : cf. 

note on e|dV 2, 5, 22. ttoWwv gen. abs. "with airayopevSvrwy. 

uvu>v v ftp io~t6t epos : a proverbial form of expression, worse tempered than 
asses, which by reason of their bad temper do not, (as) men say, become weary. 

§ 4. e/c rivos = 8ta rl § 12. After each of the following questions we 
must imagine a pause sufficiently long for an answer, which is supposed 
to be negative, and hence the force of dAAct. For the difference be- 
tween rjrovv and aTr/)Tovv, cf. note 1, 2, 11. After /xax^evos, supply 

mentally eirai6v ae. eirapcfynca, from irapoivew, commonly takes a 

double augment. 

§ 6. rbv Ka/xvovTa : cf. note on tovs 5, 7, 2. 

§ 7. SieSaKa, sc. to ffnevrj. ■ '. air6 in composition with ayayeiv and 
the other verbs of this sentence, is to be understood as in airyrovv § 4. 
irpbs e/xe airayayelv, to return them (i. e. ra CKevrf) to me. 

§ 8. togovtov, or i, only so far as this, that etc. Cf. note 1, 3, 14. 

&s £yk oijxai : cf. note 2, 1, 12. 

§ 10. 6ir6o*a. ye fiov\eTcu : an expression of indifference ; as much as he 

pleases may he live, it does not concern me. - aKnOu) Xeyeis, stands 

independent of the grammatical construction, as often ol/xui : cf. note 2, 

1, 16. e5o|as k.t.A.., for you seemed to me to resemble a person why 

lenew etc. 

§ 11. Kai ydpy and since ; cf. note on y&p 3, 2, 29. 



364 NOTES. 

§ 12. oXlyas, too little, so. irXrjyds. 

§ 13. ocrois fipttei, as many as it stated, as many as were pleased ; a sar- 
casm. Uptwv, sc. rijxcav : cf. note 1, 4, 12. 

§ 14. irpoie/JLej/ov avrov : mid. voice with a reflexive pronoun as object, 

cf. note 1, 8, 29. tw ... x^-P^vi '• the article is used because it was 

something well known, in vivid remembrance. Ka.Tefj.a6ov avaards, 

was aware that I rose up etc. ; fxoXis qualifies both avaards and eKreivas. 
For the construction, see Gr. § 310, 4. (a.) 

§ 15. oirSre tdoi/xi, is iterative ; cf. (SovKono 1, 2, 7. virovpybv r$ 

airo-, conducive to the etc. 

§ 17. teal yap ovv : cf note 1, 9, 8. £ttI with the dat. cf. note 1, 1, 

4. rt \xiya . . . Aafiftdveiv, what so grievous thing might they have suf- 
fered as that (otov, lit. for whicK) they would think k proper to receive satis- 
faction, fxsya ovras : cf. note 4, 8, 26. 

§ 18. y ousts, and StddcKaKoi, sc. inre'xovo'i. teal yap, and (it often 

happens that for the good of others we give them pain) for etc. 

§ 19. vvv t) t6tc : cf. note 3, 2, 30. evdia : used figuratively for 

safety, as the antithetical xet/iwV means danger. 

§ 20. frdXarra fxeydx-t] iiri<pepr)Tai ; L. & S. render under tm<p£pw, a 
areat sea dashes against (the ship) ; Kiihner considers p.eyd\r\ as predicate, 
the sea is borne high ; cf. Gr. § 264, 3. With this use of /xeydXi], cf. Lat. 
magnum. 

§ 21. tear efiiKdff are = idiKacrar.e tear avr&v, decided against them. ■ 

%X ovres '• on the asyndeton, cf. note on eSo^ev 3, 1, 11. 

§ 22. avT&v, i. e. t£>v araKTOvvroiv, since top aranTovvra is collective. 
ol/xai has no influence on the grammatical structure of the sentence ; 



cf. note § 10. 

§ 23. yovv : cf. note 3, 2, 17. diefxdx^ro fxi] cpepeiv, lit. fought (it) 

through not to carry, i. e. persisted in not carrying. airodeBvKep, is here 

transitive, though in the perf. and 2d aor. act. it is regularly intrans. Gr. 
§ 158, 2. 

§ 24. Tavavrla ?) . . . ttoiovcti : we cannot say, the contrary than they do^ 
and must adopt an entirely different form of expression, the reverse of what 

they do etc. StSeaen, from the poetic 8i87)fxi == Sew. t\\v vvtcra 

differ e, you will bind him during the night ; most likely because he com- 
mitted his depredations, such as those mentioned § 23, by night. 

§ 25. aAAa ydp : cf. note 3, 2, 26. el 5e t« . . . iireKovpTjcra, but if 

I protected any one against a storm ; xe^wya is constructed with iirexovpriaa 

as with afivveiv or ahe^eiv with which it is here synonymous. air^pv^a : 

cf. note on epvKeiv 3, 1, 25. 

§ 26. irepieyevero . . . ex eip u *- A resulted so as to be well, i. e. the 
result was in all respects favorable, 






BOOK VI. CHAP. I. 365 



BOOK SIXTH. 

From Cotyora to Chrysopolis. 

CHAP. I. 

The Greeks entertain with a "banquet embassadors from Paphlagonia and 
conclude a peace with their nation. On the next day, they set sail 
from Cotyora, and after a prosperous voyage reach Sinope. While here 
they conclude to give the sole command to a single general and offer 
the position to Xenophon. He prudently declines, and Chirisophus, 
who had now returned to the army, is appointed. 

§ 1. inXdirevov : caught by lying in wait; an unusual word. e<5 

/j.d\a, very expertly. iroXe/niKcoTaTa i%etu : cf. cvvoikws e%. 1, 1, 5 ; 

KaKcos €%• 1j 5> 16 ; aQvjxws e%. 3, 1, 3 ; iroXe^iKdoraTa is the superlative 
of iroXefAiKcis. e/c tovtcov : cf. note 1, 3, 11. 

§ 2. eToi/xos like e5o£e § 14, properly applies only to o5jk6«/ ; to a5i- 
Ke?crOcu only by a zeugma, which is the less striking inasmuch as ^Tjre 
aduceTv fj.-f)Te aSinelaQai expresses only the idea elp-^urjj/ dyziv ; whence also 
the position of robs "EAA-qms (which would otherwise stand after adiKe?v) 
is to be explained. 

§ 3. iirl |e»>m, lit. to hospitality, i. e. they received them as guests. 

av'Sp&v here refers to the Greeks. dtKaioTdrovs, sc. irapaKaAe?o~dai. 

We have here the personal construction. Cf. note 2, 5, 41. 

§ 5. ciTovZai : libations and a paean followed regularly after the meal 

was finished ; cf. Conviv. 2, 1. uv|/7]A.a = a\fj.ara vi\n\\d.. reAos : 

adv., cf. 1, 10, 13. ws . . . e5(taei : ws = wCTe, so that. 7re7rA7j- 

ysvai is somewhat douhtful, since this perf. seems not to have "been used in 
a pass, sense till after the time of Xen., and to translate it as act. seems a 
little awkward. Butt, conjectures ire7rA7)x0o» 5 Kuh. irXrjyrii/ai ; as distin- 
guished in meaning from ?raiw, it denotes here a fatal stroke. 

§ 6. rbv ^,Lrd\Kr]v : a song in honor of Sitalces a Thracian king ; per- 
haps the one mentioned by Thucyd. 2, 29. %v TreirovOdos : cf. note 

2, 2, 13. 

§ 7. jueTcfc rovro without St corresponds to irp&rov fiiv § 5 ; cf. § 9. 

See also note on irpaTou [x4v 3, 1, 13. Alviaves : cf. note 1, 2, 6. 

Mayj^Tes : a people of Thessaly. r^u Kapiraiav KaKovfieprju, the Car- 

paeob as it is called. 



366 NOTES. 

§ 8. (Tirdpsi Kal (evyrjXarei : this of course was merely represented in 
pantomime. ■ nxvKvd : adverbial, frequently. XrjffTrjs 8e : for viva- 
city of expression instead of 6 Se as X-n<rri]s. irp 6 expresses here the 

two ideas of be/ore and for (Kriig.) rbv dvSpa belongs as object both 

to Stjctccs and airdyei. 6 ^evyrjXdrTjSj sc. vutc$ which is implied in Sutras 

airdyei. 

§ 9. Svo : gen. abs. with avriraTTOfxevav : fj.iixovjj.evos stands without an 
object : acting in pantomime as if two persons zvere drawn up (and fighting) 

against (him). e|e/cuj8iVra (from iKKufSiffrda), he turned a somerset ; 

e/c in comp. seems to denote here the act of throwing himself out of the 
circle in which he had whirled. 

§ 10. #/cAa£e (from cKXafa) ; hence this dance was also called accord- 
ing to Pollux oKhao-fia. 

§ 11. irpbs . . . avXovfxevoi, having the flute played for them to the mea- 
sure of the war-dance. irpbs rovs &eovs, to the gods = to the temples of 

the gods ; the former expression being used because the gods were con- 
ceived of as dwelling in their temples. irpSo-odoi, solemn processions. 

deivh iiroiovj/To, considered it extraordinary ; iroielaQai being used in 

this expression as with irepl ttoXXov in the same sense as ijyelaOai. 

§ 12. tteitdfievov : cf. note on iireiraTo 1, 9, 19. irvpplxv j/ : a war- 
dance in which according to Plato (Legg. VII, 815.) the various move- 
ments of combatants were imitated. 

§ 13. aurai . . . elev, these were the persons that had driven etc. ; a face- 
tious exaggeration of what is related in 1, 10, 3. 

§ 15. 'Apix^vi] (or 'Apfievrf) was a harbor in the territory of Sinope ; 
hence rrjs Sj^ittjs, as just before els ~2,ivwirr]v, must be understood accord- 
ing to note on iv rip . . . IIoVtm 4, 8, 22. Kepdfxia. The principal 

measure of liquids among the Greeks was the Metretes, to which the com- 
mon cask (afx&opevs, Kados, or Kepdfx'iov) was made to correspond. The 
Attic Metretes contained nearly nine gallons. Die. Antiqq. art. Metretes. 

§ 16. Xeipio*o<pos 7)X6e x see 5, 1, 4. 

§ 17. elcyei avrovs : (the question) occurred to them ; ottos with its 
clause is the logical subject of ela^ei, how they might arrive etc. 

§ 18. e/c rrjs viKtili&ris, sc. yvi£>fj.7)s, according to the prevailing opinion. 
So in 6, 2, 12. 

§ 19. eneiQev : tried to persuade. Cf. note on efSid£ero 1, 3, 1. 

§ 20. irfj fxev : to this oirSre Se § 21 instead of 7r?? Se corresponds ; cf. 
3, 1, 12. tvx&v : accus. abs. like e\6v etc. ; render it, perchance. 

§ 21. Kal tt]v . . . curojSaAe?*', that he might even lose his previously ac- 
quired reputation. 

§22. SicucpTmi depends on 8iaTropovfj.ii/a. offTrep fiavrevrbs r)v, 

the very one who was pointed out (to him) by the oracle etc. ; the personal 



BO©K VI. CHAP. I. 367 

instead of the impers. construction ifirep (&vetj/) fxaurevrbv i\v : of. note on 

a/x^ix aj/os 1» 2 > 21. For the allusion, cf. 3, 1, 6. rb uvap 3, 1, 11. 

air 6 : proceeding from, sent from. 

§ 23. avo'TaOrjcrS/xei/os : cf. 3, 1, 8. aerbv (pdeyyS/j.evoi' : for the 

accus. and particip. instead of the accus. and infin. see Gr. § 310, 4. 

Se|tcJj/ : on the right, hence according to Grecian ideas favorable ; although 

according to Koman ideas unfavorable. Cf. L. & S. sub Se£i6s. on 

/u.4yas p.ev oiwvbs efo? depends by anacoluthon on the verb of the parenthe- 
tical clause fcffirep . . . e\eyev, although it would properly depend on 

aue/j.ifxv^o'Kero, and stand thus, /xeyav olcavbv ovra. ovk IBicotikSs, not 

pertaining to a private man. xP 7 H JLaTl<rriK t> Vi > indicating an increase of 

wealth. 

§ 25. eAeyoj/ : cf. note on eAeye 1, 3, 8. irposfidWovTo avr6v '■ 

they proposed him (Xen.)/br themselves, i. e. as their commander. 

§ 26. efrrep dvQp<air6s el/xi : ifl am really a man, i. e. if he were not 
pleased with such an honor, he would not be a man ; he would not have 

human sensibilities. Aa/c eSai/xouiov avdp6s : the reference is to Chiri- 

sophus. ovre corresponds to re after ifiol. rvyxdveiu, sc - So/cetTe 

suggested by 5o/ce?. trap avrtav : from them, i. e. from the Lacedae- 
monians. ov irdvv : a litotes. ri : accus. synec. 

§ 27. irp6o-9ev . . . irpiv : cf. note 1, 1, 10. dfxoXoyelv : at the close 

of the Peloponnesian war 404 B. C. avTwv refers to ttju ir6\iv as a 

collective noun. 

§ 28. iTroAi6pK7)<rav : cf. note 6, 3, 12. £woa> [xi\ : cf. note 3, 5, 3. 

The construction of av acacppovicrOetrjv is not affected by the interposition 

Of iwoS) [XT]. 

§ 29. o : cf. note 5, 5, 20. 

§ 30. et bpyiovvrai k.t.X. : this is presented as an example to show 
how ridiculous it would be for the Lacedaemonians to become angry should 

they not on all occasions obtain the precedence. (rvfxiroo'iapxov : cf. 

Die. Antiqq. p. 1082, b. Charicles, Scene VI. 

§ 31. irKsiovos ivSeov : that there was need of (something) more ; rem, 
pluribus verbis egere (Hert.) ; tv$4ov, particip. instead of infin. after Spdco. 
Gr. § 310, 4. bfivxxa with the accus. Gr. § 279, 4. el : to ascer- 
tain whether. Cf. 4, 1, 8. ldid>Trjv : a private man, used here in con- 
tradistinction from a fj.dt.vTis. av stands with yva>vai because in an 

independent sentence it would be av eyva>, would have known. 

§ 32. Ae|i7riros : cf. 5, 1, 15. avr6v after Ste')8aAAey and also after 

vofxifeiv refers to Xen. Tifxaaiaivi ; cf. 3, 2, 37. Aapdave? vvti : 

in opposition to Adicavi vvti. The Greeks of Asia Minor had no high 
reputation for bravery. 

§ 33. iav trkovs p : if there may be a voyage == if the wind is favorable. 



368 



NOTES. 



Cf. Thucyd. 1, 137. /a€%/h ttAous yiyverai. 
there. 



e/ce?<re KaTcurxsw, to land 



CHAP. II. 

The army sails to Heraclea, where a sedition arises among them, and they 
separate themselves into three companies. The largest, consisting of 
Arcadians and Achaeans, chooses ten new commanders ; another com- 
pany remains under the command of Chirisophns ; and the third part 
attaches itself to Xenophon. 

§ 1. The rivers here mentioned, as also the 'lacovia aicr-fi, all except 
the Parthenius lay between Cotyora and Sinope and not between Sinope 
and Heraclea. This error arises from the fact that Xen. kept no exact 
record of the march after the arrival of, the army in Armenia (as appears 
from his narrative), but wrote the greater part merely from recollection. 

See Introduc. § 7. "Ipios : this Ionic form of the gen. is also used 

sometimes by Attic writers in foi-eign words ; cf. 1, 2, 12. 

§ 2. iiri : cf. note 2, 3, 8. Others speak of the promontory of Taena- 
rus in Laconia, others of Hermione in Argolis, and others still of Coronea 

in Boeotia as the place where Hercules descended to the under-world. 

ir\4ov . . . oTaSta : cf. note 4, 6, 11. 

§ 3. K€pd/j.ia : cf. note 6, 1, 15. ir\46pa>v : cf. note 1, 2, 23. 

§ 4. twj/ (TTpaTrjyebv, depends on &av/j.dfa. Gr. § 273, Rem. 20. ■ 

ov fxi] : cf. note on ovkcti \jA\ 2, 2, 12. 6ir6Qtv . . . ovk ecrriu, and 

there is no place from which we shall be able to obtain provisions on the march. 

The principal idea lies in the particip. as often. kv£ikt)j/ovs : cf. note 

5, 6, 23. 

§ 5. tiAAos . . . fxvpiovs : a remark introduced parenthetically by Xen. 

into the speech of Lycon. juaA.cc is not unfrequently added to avrUa 

as a strengthening particle. Kad^/nivcou : this is the ordinary word 

spoken of the inKKriaiai, in which they were in the habit of sitting ; cf. 3, 
1, 33. Hence aviaraaQai denoted the breaking up of the assembly ; cf. 
3, 3, 1. 



§ 6. eld 5' o'i 
phus and Xen. 



ol Se : i. e. Chiriso- 



but some. Gr. § 331, Rem. 4. - 
— o, Tt =■ tovto o, ti, in that which etc. ; rovro accus. 



acpas and ccpwv are reflex- 



syn. with auayKa^eiv. 

§ 10. eVa 'A0. ; the allusion is to Xen. - 
ive and refer to the logical subject of the sentence, — the persons speaking. 
?iv : cf. note on ^aav 1, 4, 4. 

§ 11. /ca0' eavTovs, by themselves, alone. 

§ 12. e/c T9js viKwff7]5 : cf. note 6, 1, 18. a<p' ?js = airb rairris jT» 



BOOK VI. CHAP. III. 809 

§ 14. avToi : Neon and Chirisophus. — — avruv, ipsorum ; in this sense 
it may stand in this unusual position, between the article and noun (Kriig.). 

Kiihner however reads avruv instead of avruv. Gr. § 245, Rem. 4. 

aura! : p,evo<puvri. 

§ 15. en : for a while. rw riyep.6ui, cf. note 4, 8, 25 ; also note 3, 

2, 9. Awov Kal dfxeivov : the common formula in consulting an oracle 

or a god. On the pleonasm, cf. note 1, 7, 3. 

§ 16. ol KKedpxov ®p$Kes : see 1, 2, 9. 

§ 17. ri)s Qp^Krjs : Bithynia is here called Thrace, since the Bithy- 
nians were a Thracian tribe. 

§ 18. yap introduces the reason why he chose the least dangerous 
way. 

CHAP. HI. 

The largest company set out first, and having arrived at the port Calpe, 
march out into the territory of the Bithynians for the purpose of ob- 
taining booty. They meet with some success at first, but are at length 
surrounded by superior numbers and exposed to the most imminent 
danger. From this situation they are relieved by Xenophon and his 
party ; after which both repair to Calpe, where they find Chirisophus 
already landed. 

§ 2. KdAirT) : now called Kerpeh. A6xovs : denotes here and in 

§ 4 and 5, the ten subdivisions of the Arcadian and Achaean forces, con- 
sisting of 4500 men (cf. 6, 2, 16). Hence the generals are called § 6 
Aoxcryoi. i)yov : sc. els ravrt\v. 

§ 3. o~vve$d\ovro, they agreed upon. are : cf. note 4, 2, 13. 

•KepiefidWovro : they secured to themselves. 

§ 4. 8i4<pcvyoj/ : being in the imperf. it denotes like diatpevyoyres what 
was repeated, perhaps at every village. — — to ffoyK^i^vov : the place 
agreed upon, cf. § 3. 

§ 5. reus /AeV : cf. note 4, 2, 12. rpeiroyrat : sc. ol Opaites. 

§ 6. Trpa.yp.ara : cf. note 4, 1, 17. a/xa Tj/xepa is much less common 

than dp.a rfj 7]p.epa. 

§ 7. ol 5e : cf. note 3, 4, 4. iirioiev : sc. ol "EW^ves. 

§ 8. reXevruvres : cf. note on reAevruv 4, 5, 16. 

§ 9. to ak\a : all the other things relating to a treaty except the giv- 
ing of hostages. eV rovru Xo~xzto : at this point the negotiation stopped. 

§ 10. 7Topevop.4vu, while he was marching. The dat. of the particip. 
most frequently denotes the relation of time. 

§ 11. on is here placed after a word of the clause to which it belongs, 
to make that word (yvv) more emphatic. For the same reason, el, id v, 

16* 



370 NOTES. 

and other similar conjunctions are sometimes postpositive. iroKiop* 

Kovvrai . . . elev : cf. note on rpe^ovrat . . . e%otev 3, 5, 13. 

§ 12. iroMopKovurar: the idea of the first part of this compound is in 
actual use nearly lost. Cf. 4, 2, 15 ; also note on 4, 7, 22. 

§ 14. ocroy, as far as ; se. irpoeXQeiv. ncupbs . . . ZenrvoiroielaQai, 

so as to be favorable for enjoying the evening meal ; i. e. so as to afford 

sufficient exercise before partaking of food. icpopwy rj/ias, keeping us 

in sight. 

§ 15. Contains some explanatory remarks introduced parenthetically 
into the speech. el . . . KadopSey, if they should descry any thing (com- 
ing) jfroTO any quarter. airavra otu> : cf. note 1, 1, 5. 

§ 16. ovda/xoi: an uncommon word, to no place, nowhere. iroW-fj, 

se. 6d6s. XpyoSiroXty : cf. note 6, 6, 38. nevovai : sc. i)jjuv. 

8e after jxevovo-i corresponds to the foregoing ovre : cf. note 5, 5, 8. 

§ 17. ravrou: cf. tg? avrcp 1, 8, 14. On the form raurSy instead of 

ravrS, see Gr. § 92, Rem. 2. ex^crOai with the gen. to cling to, be in 

earnest to secure. — ■ — u>s vvv . . . eariv, that it is noio permitted (to us), that 
we may now. 

§ 18. tovs fj.eyaXr\yop{]cravTas . . . (ppovovvras, those who have talked 
proudly as if they were wiser (than we) : irXeov (ppove'iv means to be wiser, 
to be more cunning ; on the contrary fxeya (ppove'iv, to be proud. For the 

allusion, cf. 6, 2, 10. tovs airb rcay Sewv apxop.evovs, who begin (every 

enterprise) with (lit. from) the gods. us &v : cf. note 2, 5, 16. 

§ 19. €</>' ocroy . . . eTxej>, as far as it was well, sc. SiacriretpeaOai. 

iiriirapiovTes : cf. note 3, 4, 30. r) crparia', the main army ; sc. e/cote. 

■ atOeffOai, to be on fire, a poetic word. 

§ 21. eVel rdxtcrra, as soon as ; cf. 3, 1, 9. 

§ 22. iKa.vQo.vou . . . yevofievoi, unconsciously to themselves arrived upon 

the hill ; or as we might say, sooner than they were aware (of it). e7ro- 

XiopKovvro is another of the many instances where the English idiom 

would require the pluperf. instead of the irnperf. KaraXeXei/xeyovs : 

cf. note 4, 7, 14. 

§ 23. acp' eo-irepas: after evening set in. airb denotes the beginning 

of a transaction as els denotes the termination (cf. 1, 7, 1). oirov, sc. 

otxowTo. 

§ 24. els . . . Kijxeva is used because av/n/xi^ai implies the idea to go. 

§ 25. 7}/xe7s fiev yap : this clause implies something of this sort as going 

before, "but our conjectures were incorrect," for etc. iddtcovv: cf. 

note 1, 4, 7. 

§ 26. i^rjKev, had expired. to. Trap' r)/uy, lit. the things with us, i. e. 

our situation. 



BOOK VI. CHAP. IV. 371 



CHAP. IV. 

The soldiers refuse to encamp in Calpe, a place strongly fortified by nature, 
lest the generals contrive to detain them there and found a city. They 
prefer to remain in an exposed situation on the sea-shore. Afterwards 
they pass a decree that no one, under penalty of death, shall again 
propose to divide the army. Wishing to go out on a foraging expedi- 
tion, they find the omens unfavorable. Neon nevertheless goes out 
with 2000 men, but is attacked and defeated by the cavalry of Pharna- 
bazus. He is rescued from complete destruction by Xenophon. 

§ 1. cvtov . . . iiri : cf. note 2, 2, 1. airb rov (rrofiaros rod Yl6v~ 

rov is to be repeated in idea ; beginning with the mouth of the Euxine, ex- 
tends (icrriv) (from it) as far as etc. The a , r6fxa rov llSvrov is the Thracian 

Bosphorus ; cf. 7, 1, 1. 'Hpa/cAe/as = 'Hpa/cAetcoTiSos. Cf. note on 

iv tw . . . llovrcp 4, 8, 22. elcrirXeovTi : cf. note on irpo'iovo'i 3, 2, 22. 

§ 2. rpiripei . . . Kc&Trais, to a galley with oars. Not an unusual mode 
of denoting geographical distances among the Greeks.. Cf. Thucyd. 2, 97. 

7][xepas . . . irhovs : a very long day's voyage. The distance was 750 

stadia. aAAa : cf. note 3, 2, 13. iicmirreiv : to suffer shipicrech. 

Cf. 7, 5, 12 and 13. deivd : is explained like ra ecrxara 3, 1, 18. 

robs 'EW-qvas : cf. note on iv ry PaaiXews X^P a 3, 2, 23. 

§ 3. irXe6vT(av : of (persons) sailing. No subject is expressed because 
no definite subject is thought of. iv ry fraXarry TrpoKelfxevov : a con- 
structs praegnans for irporslvov (extending) els ri]v ^aXarrav wcrre KeT- 
<rdcu iv avTy. (Hert.) jxdXiara : cf. note 5, 4, 12. 

§ 4. airy : cf. note on avrov 3, 4, 41. rb rrpbs iffirepav : towards 

the west., on the west side. The expression is called adverbial by Kiih. See 

Gr. § 279, Rem. 10. dcpQovos is taken as predicate with peou&a, 

taking the place of an adverb. Cf. Thucyd. 2, 5. 6 yap 'Avwirbs ippv-q 
pLeyas. 

§ 5. iv tw Xip.evi : at the harbor. Cf. note 4, 8, 22. 

§ 7. rb ■KoXiiTfj.a av yev6 t u€vov, i. e. rb x^F 10 " b Tr6Xio~fj.a av iyevero, 

the place (cf. § 14, 21,) tchich might become a citadel. o~rparoTre5eveo~6ai 

eh, to go and encamp in etc. 

§ 8. yap assigns the reason for the sentence at the end of the section, 

roiovroi . . . cw^zaQai. Cf. note 3, 2, 29. fiiov, means of subsistence. 

• fj.i<r9o<popoiv, expeditionem (Sturz). anovovres, because they heard 

of, connected by a\\d to ou cnrdvei filov. Kal avdpas ayovres : cf. note 

on Ka\ rb crp. 1, 9, 31. 7roAAa Kai : nai unites also adjectives, the 

first of which we are accustomed to join adverbially to the second. This 
occurs most frequently with iroXvs. Kriig. Spr. 69, 32, 3. Hence we may 



372 NOTES. 

render iroXXh Kal ayada irpaTTeiv, did (or fared") extremely well ; i. e. ac~ 
quired a fortune. 

§ 9. rrjs . . . crvpoSov is governed by the comparative vo~repa : later 

than = after their arrival. — ire/jLirraToi : cf. note on ctkotcuoi 2, 2, 17. 

robs e/c. : cf. note on tG>v irapa, fSao'iXecas 1, 1, 5. e/c ra>u virap- 

X&vTtov : according to their means. Cf. e/c rwy dwaruv 4, 2, 23. ovs 

. . . avro?s : cf. note on ov 1, 9, 29. 

§ 11. rod Xolttov : cf. note 5, 7, 34. \xvt]dQ?i : cf. L. & S. fiifivfj- 

crK03 — 2. to mention. /caret y&9 a - v -> ^ n their respective places. Tjirep 

e?%e ; cf. note 2, 2, 21. to inelvov, his place ; cf. 5, 6, 36. 

§ 12. tt\v Tropelav, governed by ironjreov. eX irore Kal dXXore : lit. 

if at any other time also ; i. e. now if ever. Cf. 8>s ns Kal &XXos 1, 3, 15. 

§ 13. 6 HiXavbs 6 'Aft. Inasmuch as Silanus is already known to the 
reader, the article can be prefixed, although an apposition with the article 

immediately follows. anoded parcel : cf. 6, 2, 15. ■ eyiyvero : cf. 

note 2, 2, 3. 

§ 14. oiKiaai, from olictfa. Observe the difference between this word 
and oiKiw. 

§ 15. t?7 avpiov, sc. rj[iepq. rbv fiouXSfieuov : cf. note 1, 3, 9. 

§ 16. els rpis : even to a third time ; cf. § 19 below. 

§ 18. &pa : cf. note 2, 2, 3. ws or on should properly be omitted. 

(Kriig.) The fact that both are introduced is explained on the ground 
that two different constructions are united in one sentence. — ws yap ey&> 
tftcovcra fieXXet, and iyu) yap tfttovaa on jxeXXei. Our idiom requires that 
we should adopt one or the other of these latter constructions in trans- 
lating, for we cannot combine both. The clause a.Trb rov . . . tftcovad 

nvos may be rendered, i" heard by a certain person from the boat that arrived 
accidentally yesterday etc. ; or airb rod avrojj.a,TOv may be taken adverbially 

= avTO/xaTws, and t^kovtos irXo'iov would then be gen. absolute. o e/c 

Bv£. apju. Cf. note 1, 2, 3. 

§ 19. ovk e<pT] : cf. note 1, 3, 1. For the force of /x-fj with the par- 

ticip. see Gr. § 318, 5. 

§ 20. ax^ov ti, nearly ; ri is often joined thus to tr^eSc^ and Trcivv, 

modifying them and rendering them less positive. — invtcXovvTO, in the 

plural, because the subject is collective. Cf. k6ittovt€s 2, 1, 6. 

§ 21. iv t$ epv/xvcp X- 'i cf. § 3 and 4, and 7. us els : cf. note 1, 

8, 1. irpox&poiy : might be favorable. The word irpox^peu is not 

uncommon in this sense ; cf. L. & S. 

§ 22. Seoy : accus. abs. ; cf. note 2, 5, 22. ■ virb ajxa^s : lit from 

under a wagon, or as we should say, from under the yoke. For the force 
of v7r6 with the gen., cf. Gr. § 299, 1. irpodv/jt.e'icrOai, to interest him- 
self in the matter, i. e. to undertake the management of the sacrifices. el, 



BOOK VI. CHAP. V. 873 

(to ascertain) whether ; ri 4v tovtu elrj, there might be any thing in this , 
i. e. to ascertain whether the sacrifices would be more favorable if another 
should preside over them instead of Xen. iyivero : sc. to Upd. 

§ 23. tovs avOpuirovs us: cf. note tuv ffapfidpuj/ . . . wr, 1, 1, 5. — — 
us iiye/nSvos icrofievov, as if (promising that) there would be a guide ,• viz. 

the Heracleote. doparlois : cf. note 5, 2, 4. els 8i<rx> ay8., cf. 

note 5, 2, 4. 

§ 24. us 4irl: cf. note 4, 3, 11. <t>apva/3d(ov : the Persian satrap 

of lesser Phrygia. irpuroi : the Greeks were afterwards attacked by 

the Bithynians § 26. /x^ iAQeTv, from coming ; on this use of fjA\ % cf. 

note 1, 3, 2; but also 2, 3, 9. fie7ov: cf, note on ir\4ov 1, 2, 11. 

After /j.e?ov, ir\4ov, and iXarrov, $ is often omitted before the numerals. 
Cf. 7, 1, 27. (Hert.) to opos : cf. note on rod opovs 3, 4, 24. 

§ 26. Kal ^877 jxiv : it is conjectured that Te should stand instead of p,4y. 
Cf. note 1, 8, 1. (**XP l € ' ls '• °£ note ^> ^, & 



CHAP. V. 

The Greeks, alarmed by the dangers that surround them, consent to en- 
camp in Calpe. As soon as the omens become favorable, Xenophon 
leads forth the army, and the barbarians are vanquished. 

§ 2. 4ire£68ia is commonly explained as = iepk 4ir y 4£68u : Hert. fol- 
lowing Schneider thinks the true reading may be eV e|o'5w. 

§ 4. tovtov : this one with his soldiers. 4irl arpaTOTredov : an un- 
common construction instead of arpaTOTreSu, at the encampment. The Greek 
article is omitted as often happens in designations of place (ir6kis, ao , Tv t 
ayp6s etc.), especially when joined with prepositions. 

§ 5. tov Ktparos, of the army marching in column. Troivad^voi 

Kara, having placed . . . near. 6ir6o~ovs . . . rb Kepas, as many as the 

army had within its reach, as many as the army extended over. 

§ 7. yfjiepas is gen. abs. with /j.eaovo'Tjs, and irepa is an adv. ; we may 

render the clause, after the middle of the day. 0, rt refers to eViTTjSeio 

as in 4, 1, 9 ; cf. note 1, 1, 5. 4vt6s : cf. note 1, 10, 3. 4k tov 

4vavriov : cf. note on 4k tov avriov, 1, 8, 23. 

§ 8. 4irl tov irpdoTov : cf. note 4, 3, 9. 

§ 9. \6xovs (pvKanas : reserve companies ; <pv\aicas has the same gram- 
matical construction as diriffdo<pv\a£iv 4, 1, 6. 

§ 10. tV> sc. 686y, in the way towards etc. ; cf. note 2, 2, 10. 

?j|co : cf. note 2, 1, 9. tovs TeKevTaiovs \6xovs, the reserve companies 

mentioned § 9. 



374 NOTES. 

§ 11. $i(rvxoi : this adject, is seldom so used. Hert. cites Cyrop. 5, 3, 
55. yavxii is far, more common. avd has here the distributive mean- 
ing ; cf. 3, 4, 21. tV fxiv, sc. rd^iv. iirl rb Se^iov iirerpetyev 

directed towards the right. icpeTrecBai airoXnr6vTas, so as to follow having 

left an interval of etc. ; aTro\nr6vras, cf. note on icSirrovres 2, 1, 6. tV 

Se /xiav, but the remaining one. 

§ 12. rb vdiros : on the repetition of this noun instead of a pronoun, 

cf. note 3, 2, 23. crparrjyovs '. cf. note on crparrjyol 8, 5, 7. — — 

f}yov/jL€vov : cf. note 2, 2, 4. 

§ 13. on . . . et?7, tfAatf zY was not worth the while to consider ; i. e. it 
was clear without further deliberation that they ought not to do it. 

§ 14. ideXovcriov belongs to ^e. Cf. note 2, 1, 16. els av8pei6rr]ra 

is to be connected closely with Sofys, reputation for bravery ; cf. note 
2, 6, 30. 

§ 16. TrpofSaWofJievovs : cf. note on irpoPa\e<rdai ra otrXa 1, 2, 17. The 
opposite in meaning is fj.eraf}aWo t uej/ovs. 

§ 1 7. rovrovs . . . avrovs : cf. note on fiairiXpa . . . avr6v 2, 4, 7. 

Sel-affdai : cf. note on (rwQrjvai 2, 1, 19. airiSyrav, sc. rjfjiujv ; cf. note 

on {(Wo>z/ 1, 4, 12. 

§ 18. %aA.67roV, difficult to pass ; as in 4, 8, 2, and 5, 1, 17. ap 

oi>xl • • • d^iou, z's it not worth the while even to seize hastily the opportunity 

(instead of avoiding it) ? airb rod x (a P >lQX} SiSdcrKecrdai, to take occasion 

from the place to become convinced. 'Att6 denotes with pass, verbs the 
occasion for an action ; vir6 denotes the action as being accomplished. 
(Hert.) 

§ 19. ttws Se : sc. diafiard ecrai. a . . . ootj for ra opt] a. 

§ 20. Se-fjcreL 5e, ac.t.A.., but if we arrive there the sooner, it will be neces- 
sary the sooner etc. 

§ 21. lepd and crcpdyia: cf. note 1, 8, 15. fo/jiev: for a similar 

asyndeton, cf. (pdvvre 3, 1, 24. 

§ 22. iiciAevov, sc. "Zevocpavra. kix\ os : cf. note 1, 8, 16. — rod 

vdirovs depends on rj. dv belongs to yeviaQai. Cf. 5, 6, 1. if) el 

. . . i^efirjpvoyro, than if they defied over the bridge etc. 

§ 23. eVl ra7s Srvpais : cf note 2, 4, 4. 

§ 24. 7]yeix6vi is a predicate : Hercules as leader. ??Su is predicated 

of the whole sentence, it is pleasant etc. avdpewv ri Kal Ka\6v : the 

object of elirSvTa and iroi^aavra. fwfyMiv . . . eavrov, to occasion a 

remembrance of himself (among those) among whom one wishes (to be remem- 
bered). Supply ris with 46e\ei. 

§ 25. 7ra/>7jyyeAAeTO : impers. orders were given. iirl rbv . . . ex* 1 "'- 

a verb of rest accompanied with a construction implying motion : that 
(having placed) their spears on the right shoulder they should hold (them 



BOOK VI. CHAP. VI. 375 

there). Cf. note ou TrapTjo-au els 1, 2, 2. <rt\\xa[voi : cf. note on iffd\' 

•rny^e 1, 2, 17. Kadiuras ; sc. tci SSpara, having lowered their spears , 

i. e. having taken them from their shoulders where they rested ; cf. § 27. 

crvvO-n/xa : without the article hecause it is predicate. 7rap?/et . 

passed along (the ranks) ; cf. 1, 8, 16. KaXbv %x* iv T0 X° } P l0V = Kakbv 

elvai to yjupiov o exoter. 

§ 26. oi "EAA7jj/es 7reA.T. : cf. note on 'EW-fivwy 3, 4, 26. 

§ 28. &s oAryot t/PTes : considering that they were few, i. e. with their 

small number; ahout forty horsemen; cf. 6, 2, 16. icad* o : opposite 

which. are : cf. note 4, 2, 13. 

§ 29. ^877 : a£ once ; often used in this sense, cf. 1, 3, 11 ; 3, 1, 46. 

§ 30. aireipT)Keo~aj/ /xev, opus §e : Ht. they had become weary, but still etc. 
It would be more natural for us to say, although they hadoecome weary, 
still etc. wj . . . ct,ycnravo~au/TO, that (the enemy) might not recover con- 
fidence by rest. 

§ 31. does not, says Krlig., refer to vdwos, hut to the whole clause, 

which fact. diutcoj/res : the particip. is used hecause irpoairerpdirovTO = 

iiravcavTO. 

§ 32. Zv6a : cf. note 4, 1, 2. 



CHAP. VI. 

The Greeks obtain much booty from the country of the Bithynians. Mean- 
while Oleander the Spartan governor of Byzantium arrives in company 
with Dexippus, by whom he had been greatly prejudiced against the 
army. This prejudice is removed by Xenophon. The command of 
the army being offered to Oleander, he declines it, as the omens 
are not favorable. The army marches under its former commanders 
through Bithynia, and arrives with much plunder at Chrysopolis. 

§ 1. eix ov a-ptyt '• cf. note 5, 2, 26. irvpovs . . . cvko. : on the asyn- 
deton, cf. note 2, 4, 28. 

§2. iXafifiavov : held possession of that which they took ; as the connec- 
tion indicates that it means. 

§ 3. atyiKvovvTO : predicated of inanimate objects ; cf. f)\Qov 4, 8, 24. 
&<r/xevoi : cf. note 2, 1, 16. 

§ 4. iroXifciv : not used elsewhere by Attic writers ; found in Horn., 

Herod., and later writers. deoi is as usual impers. and the remainder 

of the clause 0, ri . . . elvai is the logical subj. of Seoi. We may render 

thus, what they must do to befriends. iireSeiKvvev, showed, presented ; to 

convince the army how important the new city might become. 

§ 5. KXeavSpos : cf. 6, 4, 18. iced iirl \elav . . . eis rb opos : thus 



376 notes. 

interpreted by Kuhner, and some (happened) to have gone for booty (in the 
plain) ; others in another direction to the mountain ; with olx^/JLevoi supply 
from the foregoing irvyxavov ; and as it is evident from the foregoing 
narrative that the Greeks had plundered chiefly the level country ; so the 
writer adds aWoi &A.A.77 els rb upos (sc. iwl Xeiav olx^^voi irvyxa-vov). 

rb upos 1 on the article, cf. note 3, 4, 24^» Ae^iinrq) : cf. 5, 

1, 15. 

§ 7. avaKaXovvres is frequentative in meaning. The common word, 

used to denote an opprobrious epithet, is airoKaXeiv. rbv irpodSTTjj/ : 

not simply a traitor, but emphatically the traitor. 

§ 8. on ovdev e?7) Trpayfxa, that it was a matter of no importance. 

ravra yev4a6ai depends on aXnov after the analogy of the expression a'lriSs 
ri (cf. § 15) ; the occasion of these things taking place. 

§ 9. us, on the ground that they were, sc. uvras. 

§ 11. dia r4\ovs : always, constantly. e£ou: in consequence of which, 

i. e. because he was a constant friend of Xen. diefiaAev avrov, calum- 
niated him ; reported to Oleander that Agasias was the person who com- 
menced casting stones. -Trap' bxiyov £ttoiovvto, made light of; 7rap' 

oXlyov, means properly by the side of i. e. like a small affair. 

§ 12. i/j.ol 84 : cf. note 4, 6, 10. ets eKacrros is in apposition with 

the implied subject of etVt, i. e. 01 AaKeSai/xovioi. Cf. note on e/caaT7j 
1, 7, 15. 

§ 14. hbs avdpSs, alluding to Agasias. awex^ordai, should be kept 

away. 

§ 15. iyeb p.\v oiiv is repeated on account of the parenthetical clause. 
— — ti, in any respect, modifies oXtlov. 

§ 16. eavrbv irapaax^ Kfivai : cf. note on irap^xovres 2, 3, 22. ■ 

avr\ 5e : we cannot translate 8e here ; it is used because this clause is an 

antithesis to the preceding olS/xei/oi . . . rev^crdai. -ov5' ofj.0101 instead 

of /j.7]8'' ofx.. because the negative does not belong to the whole clause, but 
to the particular word which it precedes. elp^o/xeda has a pass. 

aning. 

§ 17. bjxoXoyw is independent in gram, construction : cf. note 5, 8, 10. 

§ 18. /i-/7 6k5ojt6 : for the use of /j.rj in prohibitions, see Gr. § 259, 5. 

— vp.wv avTcov depends on o'itivgs, having chosen from yourselves (per- 



sons) who etc. 

§ 20. iiceXevae ce . . . Kptvavrd ce avrSv : a repetition of the personal 
pronoun after an intervening clause is not uncommon : exhorted you . . . 
that having yourself placed us on trial you should use us as you please etc. 

§ 22. Ae^nrirov . . . alpeOei/ra, and I know that Dexippus was chosen etc. ; 
ace. and particip. Gr. § 310, 4. The remaining participles of this sentence 
are in the same construction and consequently to be rendered as finite 



BOOK VI. CHAP. VI. 377 

verbs. f}T7i<rdpeda : cf. note 5, 1, 11. i<p' $t€ : cf. note 4, 

2, 19. 

§23. -rb iirl rovrcp, as far as depended on this person. awoXdoXa/jiev 

expresses the fact more positively than airoAwAeifxev dv. c5cr7rep 7]fj.e?s : 

it was not however till after the flight of Dexippns that they first learned 

this fact ; cf. 5, 6, 9. rodrou . . . vvra refers to Dexippus, and another 

accus. (rov dvBpa) is understood as the immediate object of a(pei\6/j.riv. 

§ 24. -fiyes, had been conducting (him away). — — twv . . . airodpdvTO)!', 

se. rts. vS/xi^ commonly takes the infin., but here like eu ladi it takes 

the particip. : consider that you put to death etc. 

§ 25. a^iovre : sc. Kptdeures ttjs Siktjs tvx&v. rrjs Siktjs : cf. note 

1, 3, 20. 

§ 26. r6v8e rov dvtipa, i. e. Agasias. 

§ 27. &yecr8at, in being led away. Supply after this, the idea, be 
assured. 

§ 28. rb /xepos, his part. rots Xt/crals : cf. § 5 above. p-fjrpav : 

a Laconian word for laic, or decree. 

§ 30. ire/xxl/avras : cf. note on AafiSvra 1, 2, 1. ApaK6vriov : men- 
tioned 4, 8, 25. 

§ 31. v(pe?ro : submitted (it) to you. ejSovAov, instead of jSovAei, is 

assimilated to the tense of v<pe?ro. alrovyrai teal Seovrai : the urgency 

of the entreaty is more fully denoted by the use of both words. 

§ 33. irapayei'6/j.ei'Of' Kal dp^avra iavrwv, having come and being com- 
mander of themselves etc. 

§ 34. vaX rcb ai& is Laconian instead of v)] rh &eco : by the twin gods. 

irapadtdaxriv, sanction (it) by favorable omens. dvrioi % : cf. note 

on ravavria ij 5, 8, 24. eVtW is in apposition with vjxwv. 

§ 36. ovk ireKeadri ra iepd seems to be Laconian for ovk iyiyvero r. I. 
e/ce«re : els Bv^dvriov. 

§ 38. ovdevl is neuter : no booty. rov/xiraXiv viroo'Tpe^/avTes : cf. 

note 4, 3, 32. cktcuoi : cf. note 5, 3, 2. XpyoS-rroAis : now called 

Uskudar (Scutari) ; the Asiatic suburb of Constantinople. 



378 NOTES. 



BOOK SEVENTH. 

The remaining movements of the army till they are placed under the 
command of Thimbron. 



CHAP. I. 

The Spai-tan admiral Anaxibius, influenced by Pharnabazus, persuades the 
Greeks by false promises of pay to cross over to Byzantium. Again 
by false promises he induces them to evacuate the city. Exasperated 
by such treatment, they rush back into the city by force and are on 
the point of further violence ; but being appeased by Xenophon, they 
leave the city a second time. Coeratades a Theban makes proposals 
to the army to which they accede, but being unable to fulfil his pro- 
mises, he voluntarily relinquishes the command. 

§ 1. zTrpa^av and iiroiovu are used here without any important differ- 
ence of meaning. e£w rov crr6fj.aTos, sc. rod Hovtqv : e|o> is used with 

reference to the place where the army had been ; taking Greece as the 
point of observation, it would have been eftrw. 

§ 2. (pofiovfxevos rb CTpdrev/xa /xtj = (pofiovpevos jx)] rb o~rp,, cf. note 1, 
1, 5. Seoi, sc. iroieiv $apvd{5a£ov. 

§ 4. (TwhiafSavTa, sc. to? <tt pen ev jxari. eir^ira ovras : afterwards 

thus ; eireira, as also ovrws, is not unfrequently used after a particip. ; but 
both together can scarcely be used thus. (Hert.) 

§ 5. -Xevd-ns : cf. 7, 2, 32. I'^tj . . . on : the particle on after 

cpdvai is very rare ; <pdvai comm. takes the accus. with the infin. ; on the 
position of on, cf. note 6, 3, 11. 

§ 6. b.K\d : cf. note 1, 7, 6. reXs'iru : sc. ZZevdrjs. eTwecupiovs, 

spoken of persons it means influential, the chief persons, referring here to 
the generals. 

§ 7. iirio~iTl£eo~6ai, in order to purchase provisions, with which to etc. 
Cf. Kop.LCw 4, 5, 22. 

§ 8. £eVos yefevT)ixivos : cf. 6, 6, 35. /at/ iroiyaris : cf. note 6, 6, 18. 

el 5e fiii : cf. note 4, 3, 6. i^epirei in the Laconian dialect = 

i^epx^Tai. (Hert.) 

§ 10. TropevaSixevoy : cf. note on \afi6vTa 1, 2, 1. 

§ 11. on avrbs avrbv alnafferai: that he himself might blame himself 
for the consequences of not being present at the military review. 

§ 12. 'Ere6yiK05 : a prominent Lacedaemonian who figured in the 
Peloponnesian war. Thucyd. 8, 23 ; Xen. Hell. 1, 6, 26, and often. 



BOOK VII. CHAP. I. 379 

§ 13. ra\\a ra iiriT^Seia: the other things the provisions, i. e. the other 

means of subsistence ; to 4iriT7}5eia being in apposition with toAAo. 

Kvv'htkos: a Lacedaemonian as appears from 7, 2, 2 and 15. 

§ 14. SiayycWei agrees in form with the nearest subject, but belongs 

also in idea to the more remote rives. Upbv opos : a mountain, which 

as appears from this passage and from 7, 3, 3, lay on the way from Byzan- 
tium or Perinthus to the Cherronesus. kvkXu : by a circuitous route ; 

cf. 4, 2, 5. 

§ 15. 8ie\4yovTo : sc. oi ffrpar-qyol. a>s elffiSvres, as if with the 

intention etc. ; cf. note on Uvai 1, 3, 1. § 17, ttjv x 7 ?^- 7 V '• ^ ie breakwater. 
The stones which were cast up in front of the wall on the side towards the 
sea, to prevent the violence of the waves from doing injury to the wall, 

were called xv^V- (Scholiast on Thucyd. 1, 63, cited by Hert.) reus 

a^ivais : these and other similar implements were carried with the army 

on wagons or beasts of burden. (Hert.) to K\e?9pa, the fastenings, the 

bars, seems here to denote the same thing as rbv (jlox^Sv above. Com- 
monly to K\e?0pa is thought to denote the vertical bolts at the b^e of 
doors or gates ; and 6 p.oxX6s the horizontal bar extending across thero, 
Cf. Die. Antiqq. 

§ 19. Zvfiov, within doors, in their houses. eV reus rpi^peai : one 

would expect here iv outoTs. For similar repetitions, cf. note 3, 2, 23. 

§ 20. T7\v &Kpav = tV a.Kp6iro\iy. 

§ 21. avdpi : used emphatically as we often use the corresponding Eng. 
word. *X €IS ' • • *X €IS '• °£ n0 * e on v ue ? s - • • v/xe?s 3, 1, 37. 

§ 22. fiovkSfxevos avrovs Kar^psfxicrai is closely joined with oTrt- 
Kpivaro. 

§ 23. els oktu : eight men deep. This appears to have been at that 
time the ordinary depth of the line for heavy-armed men. (Riistow u. 
Kochly Gesch. d. gr. Kriegsw. S. 118. cited by Hert.) 

§ 24. olov qualifies the following superlative, in the same manner as 

us and on. KaXoxifxevov : cf. note on KaKovLievn 1, 2, 13. eiceiTo : 

cf. note on Kuadai 4, 2, 20. crvyKakt? : so that they should form a, 

ring around him. 

§ 25. ovdiv is constructed like ri 6, 6, 15. o Zarcu ivrevBev : 

what will be from thence, i. e. what will be the consequences. 

§ 26. irokifxioi fieu : one would expect here yap epexegetic. to 

vvv 8$) yey€VT][xeva : the things which have even now taken place ; referring 
to the Peloponnesian war, which ended four years previous to this time, 
i. e. in 404 B. C. 

§ 27. virapx^VTbov Se : cf. note on nai 1, 10, 6. iv t?; ir6\ei . 

Thucyd. in speaking of the same thing says iv tt? a/cpoTroAei, the Acro- 
polis being the place where the treasures of the city were preserved. 



380 NOTES. 

Tct evSTjjuo denotes the domestic products on which duties were laid. » 
7] vTrepopla : foreign lands. The tribute from the Athenian allies according 
to Thucyd. 2, 13. amounted at the beginning of the Pelopon. war to 600 
talents. 

§ 28. av before olo/ueBa belongs to ira6e?v. Cf. &v 5, 6, 1. &va : cf. 

note 1, 2, 1. co-tls : cf. note 2, 5, 12. 

§ 29. ro?s %/J.erepois avrwv (piXois = ro7s T}p.Sov avrcov cpiXois. kcl\ 

Sifcaiccs is predicated most naturally of the nearest word crparevcrofxevais. 

Kcd ravra : cf. note 1, 4, 12. ov5e/j.iav stands after ei, because 

in its strict hypothetical meaning this particle belongs only to the clause 
'EXXjiviSa 5e k.t.K. ; while the first clause fidpfiapov fieu tt6\ii> k.t.A.., 

expresses a fixed fact, in reference to which el = eirei. (Hert.) e|aAa- 

■xafa is poetic. 

§ 30. i7u8e?v : cf. note 3, 1, 13. e/xe, the subj. of yeveadai denoting 

the same person as the subj. of eu^o/m/, would not by the general rule be 
expressed (Gr. § 310, 3) ; hence a special emphasis is imparted to the 
word%y expressing it in so unusual a connection (Gr. § 310, Rem. 1). 
"EXX-qvas Zvras : cf. note on Xafiovra 1, 2, 1. 

§ 31. irifx^ auras : cf. note 2, 3, 1. on : cf. note 1, 6, 7. 



aXX' t]v . . . evpio~Keo8ai : supply mentally evprjao/JLeuou aXXa : still, 

yet ; cf. 3, 2, 3. 

§ 33. KaQTifievwv : cf. note 6, 2, 5. (pevycov : cf. note 1, 1, 7 ; tV 

'EXXaSa is considered by Krug. and Kiih. as dependent on irepiyei. Kal 

r6re : cf. note 4, 3, 11. AeXra : the triangular peninsula of Thrace 

in the neighborhood of the Bosporus, and northward from Byzantium ; 

cf. 7, 5, 1. ii6\<0O~iv : a poetic word (from fiXdco-Kco). els acpQoviav 

= acpQovus. Cf. note 4, 7, 3. 

§ 34. aKovovci . . . roTs o-TpaTiwrais stands as though § 35 began with 
e8o£e 5e'xeG-0ai, a-KeXQ^iv. The anacoluthon is occasioned by the paren- 
thetical clause b.TT€KpivaTO k.t.X. reXeai : cf. note 2, 6, 4. airay- 

yeXe?, fSovXevaoiro : observe the change of mood and tense ; cf. note 2, 
2, 15. 

§ 35. els ri\v : cf. note 1, 7, 1. 

§ 36. Treirpdcro/xai : used as simple fat. pass, instead of Trpa9-f)o"oiJ.ai, 
which is not Attic. 

§ 37. eXai&v rpels : in full rpe?s (pepovres eXai&v (poprlov oo~ov fieyiarot 
idvvavTO. ws iiri : cf. note 4, 3, 11. 

§ 39. Xeyeiv : a transition to the oratio obliqua. itceXevev : sc. 

Ava^ifiios. 

§ 41. iroXXwy (sc. eirtTr}5eluy) ivedei avr$ : and when he lacked much 
provision etc. 



BOOK VII. CHAP. II. 381 



CHAP. II. 

Many of the soldiers now leave the army, and a considerable number are 
sold as slaves by Aristarchus who had succeeded Cleander as governor 
of Byzantium. The army wishes to return to Asia, but is prevented 
by Aristarchus, who' also attempts to get Xenophon into his power. 
Xenophou is thus induced to repair by night to the Thracian chief 
Seuthes and ascertain on what terms he will take the army into his 
service. 

§ 1. The persons here mentioned are first spoken of as commanders in 
3, 1, 47. Phryniscus alone has not been before mentioned. That he was 
a general appears partly from the way in which his name is here intro- 
duced ; partly from § 29 and from 7, 5, 4 and 10. It is surprising that 
the name of Cleanor is not mentioned with the others. 

§ 2. ravra tfiovKopro : wished the same things, i. e. to cross over into 
Asia; cf. 7, 6, 12. 

§ 3. airo'8i86iievoi i ' selling. koto, rovs x^P ovs : l " w the country, in the 

villages. 

§ 4. 5La<p6eip6/j.euov to crpdrev/xa is explanatory of ravra. 

§ 5. SidSoxos KKedt/Bpcp : successor of Cleander. oaov ov : almost. 

§ 6. avayicdfav oiKia Se^etrSat : compelling (the inhabitants) to receive 
them into their houses ; olnia in the singular is predicated of many persons 
by an idiom not uncommon in our language. Cf. -yv&ix-nv 1, 7, 8 ; kXi- 
jxaKos 4, 5, 25 ; £<oi/rjv 4, 7, 16 ; ira\r6u 5, 4, 12. 

§ 7. Tlapiov : a city in Mysia on the Propontis eastward from Lamp- 

sacus. Kara to o'vyKeifj.eva : cf. 7, 1, 2. It is probable that money 

had been promised and that he now demanded it. 

§ 8. "Zevotywvra : it seems that he had accompanied Anaxibius, as 

pi - oposed 7, 1, 39. irdcrri r*x v V Ka ^ l l VX av V '• c ^- n °te 4, 5, 16. 

TlepivQov : a city in Thrace on the Propontis, afterwards called Heraclea, 

now called Eregli. ro7s, with the requisite etc. iirl rb crpdrevixa : 

which according to § 28 was at Selymbria. 

§ 10. vTriaxioviAevos . . . iretaeiv : promising Jiim that in saying which he 
thought he should persuade (him) ; cf. § 25. 

§ 11. airocrirdaas, sc. rovs kavrov, which is implied in the connection. 

§ 12. o7r€?7re fii\ : for the use of yA\ y cf. note 1, 3, 2. 

§ 13. on : cf. note 1, 6, 7. roivvv : therefore, to prove to you that 

I have a right thus to act. Cf. note 5, 1, 2. T?}5e : in this jylace. He 

was Harmost in Perinthus as well as in Byzantium ; cf. 7, 6, 24. 

§ 14. irpoTTtixirerai : sends them forward away from himself, i. e. to 
Peiinthus. avros belongs to (SovXoiro. 



382 NOTES. 

§ 15. rod k(o\v(Tovtos refers to Aristarchus. tvQa. : iv Xeppovfi<rq>. 

• T(S e/ce? ap/x. : tu> KwIctkw 7, 1, 13. avdr/Kt] : sc. $\v. 

§16. t/jKovres : cf. note 2, 1, 9. 

§ 17. Uvai : cf. note 2, 2, 3. NeWos : lie had withdrawn from the 

army (§ 11). 

§ 18. iprjjj.ois : having no sentinels near them. 

§ 19. ei : sc. dfy. 

§ 20. avaireS-ficrai'Tes : sc. iirl robs 'tinrovs. ■ idiwKoy : they hastened 

away to tell Seuthes. 

§ 21. iyKexaXivcafxevois : with bridled (horses). Cf. note on oi|i 4, 6, 17. 

§ 22. Trjp-ns : perhaps the same whom Thucyd. mentions (2, 29) as the 
father of Sitalces, and as the one who made the kingdom of the Odrysae 

more powerful than all the rest of Thrace. virb tovtwv t£>v avdpuv : 

by these men, i. e. by the men dwelling in this region. [xaXiora vvkt6s : 

especially by night. 

§ 23. fxkv irp&Tov instead of the usual order 7rp£>Tov fiey ; cf. note 1, 

9, 5. Kara rbv Qp&Kiov vofiov helongs simply to Kepara, not to irpov- 

■nivov ; since the drinking to one another's health was also a Grecian 
custom. 

§ 24. Zire^as : 7, 1, 5. 

§ 25. adOis : § 10. ra . . . xco/na : more definitely mentioned 

7, 5, 8. 

§ 26. %9t. vvv : the more poetic form vvv (instead of vvv) occurs in prose 
particularly after imperatives. ityt] : sc. "ZevoQuv. 

§ 27. Connect avrSs with avUvai. Cf. 4, 1, 24. 

§ 28. ri yap : Kriig. suggests that Se should perhaps stand instead of 
ydp, since this clause stands in no causal relation to the foregoing. Hert. 

approves of the suggestion. e<pTj : sc. "Zevocpwv. ^-qXvjxfiplav . a 

city on the Proppntis "between Byzantium and Perinthus, now called 

Siliwri. kotci, in the neighborhood of. diafialveiv : sc. xp'/jvcu, which 

is suggested by the opposite expression ovk . . . olov re elvai. This specie? 
of hrachyology is common in Greek, see Gr. § 346, 2, c. 

§ 30. to oirXa is the object of Kara\nre?v. 

§ 31. cvyy eveis : kinsmen ; according to an ancient myth. o, ri is 

to he connected with xpfjcflai. Cf. note 1, 3, 18 

§ 32. ^v agrees with the predicate apxv> vocrelv is not unfrequently 

predicated of the affairs of a state. iicirecrwv : being driven into exile ; 

cf. note 1, 1, 7. j8a(Ti\e?: rcov 'Odpvo*cov. 

§ 33. ivStcppios — 6fAOTpaTre£os, as in § 38. Sovvai depends on 

£Ka6e£6iA7)i/ i/ceT7js, / sat down as a suppliant. 

§ 36. t$ arparicirt) : cf. note 1, 3, 21. Kv{ik7]v6v : sc. rod fnjv6s ; 

cf. note 5, 6, 23. Zi;xoiplav : cf. note 7, 3, 10. 



BOOK VII. CHAP. III. 383 

§ 37. ravra Treipcafxevoi, sc. SiaTrpdrreiv, i. e. to conduct the army to 
Seuthes. rl]v aeuvTov, sc. x ( *>P ai/ ' 

§ 38. not . . . ye : cf. note 3, 2, 24. ©pa/cty yS/xas. Herod. 5, 6, 

says of the Thracians, " they purchase their wives of the parents at a great 

price." Btcrdvdriv : a city on the European side of the Propontis (cf. 

7, 5, 8), afterwards called Rhaedestus, now called Rodosto. 



CHAP. III. 

The offers of Seuthes are reported to the army and accepted hy all but 
Neon and his men. Seuthes entertains the generals in Thracian style. 
Having deliberated with the Greeks respecting future operations, he 
leads them against his enemies and obtains much booty. 

§ 1. Se|ios : cf. note 2, 4, 1. 

§ 2. iaccu : to neglect, to disregard. 

§ 3. i£airaT7}o*€crdai has a pass, signification. Notice also the change 
of subject with the infinitives 7ro>Arj<retj/, £^airaT7]creo-0ai, X-qtyeaQai, and 
irepi6\p€<T9ai. It is plain that Xen. did not intend to conciliate the 
army towards Aristarchus, as there is a manifest bitterness in his lan- 
guage. 

§ 4. £k<uvov : cf. note 1, 2, 15. tovto : respecting this, i. e. the 

question whether to obey Aristarchus, or to go to Seuthes. iiraveK- 

86ures : to the villages mentioned 7, 2, 1. 

§ 5. iwcri : ol AaK^8aifx6vioi. ol tjttovs denotes the Thracian vil- 
lagers. ris : the reference is to Aristarchus and Seuthes. 

§ 6. aversivav : cf. note 3, 2, 9. 

§ 7. eireidov : tried to persuade ; cf. note on £f}id£ero 1, 3, 1. on : 

qualifies the superlative irK^icrrwv. 

§ 8. t&v rod AaKwj/iKov : ruiv is neuter ; if it were masculine, it would 
be roiv irapa rov k.t.A. 

§ 9. ae P 6as : cf. note 4, 8, 11. 6W : cf. note 6, 3, 14. 

§ 10. ra vofAityfieva : that which is customary, i. e. twice as much to the 
captains and four times as much to the generals, as he paid to the soldiers. 
Cf. 7, 2, 36. 

§ 13. vutccv ayadwv tovovtcov : when there icere so many good things 
(particularly, provisions) (with Seuthes). Kriig. would prefer ixdp&j/ in- 
stead of ayadwv : when there were so many enemies (around them). — — 
evp-nna : cf. note 2, 3, 18. 

§ 14. avriXiyei '. has any thing to say in opposition. iiuipr)<pi£eTCi) : 

sc. ris, which with such imperatives is sometimes omitted. Cf. irpoo-evey- 



384 NOTES. 

Kara, Conviv. 5, 2. Notice the repetition of ravra three times in suc- 
cession, and compare above § 13 the repetition of efrj. 

§ 16. Mapwueirrjs : from Mapuveia, a Grecian colony on the Thracian 
coast eastward from Abdera. ■— — ovffrwas refers to the collective kvl e/ea- 

(TT(f. Uapiavovs : from Parium. Cf. 7, 2, 7. irpurov pip : the 

correlative clause is avOis 5e § 18. 

§ 17. dLaKdorerai = e|et ra. irpdy/xara. 

§ 18. SupeTadai : should make presents. Karayayeiu : to restore. 

Timasion was an exile ; cf. 5, 6, 23 ; 7, 2, 2. roiavra irpovnva.ro : the 

accus. is used because the notion xiyav is contained in the verb ; cf. note 
2, 1, 18. 

§ 19. aWot : Alcibiades is especially referred to. Hellen. 1, 5, 15 ; 2, 
1, 25. 'd&ov : cf. note 2, 3, 25. 

§ 20. %x o3V et ' P-'h ' having (any thing) except. offov i(p6diov : enough 

(money) for travelling expenses. 

§ 21. Kady/xevois : the Greeks, on the contrary, after the heroic age 
reclined on couches at table. rp'nrodes : tables with three feet. 

§ 22. at rpdirefai : by meton. the dishes of food which were placed on 
the tables. baov /x6vov : only enough. 

§ 23. to SiappnrT€?y eta yoXps.iv : let the distribution tahe care of itself. 

rpixoiviKov : the x°^'l °^ corn was considered a day's allowance for 

a man ; hence we may render this three days' 1 allowance. 

§ 24. irepie<pepov : (they) carried around. The subject is indefinite. 

§ 26. ov fi-fj : cf. note on ovttiri iiA\, 2, 2, 12. 

§ 28. 'iva Ka\ iyco : that I also, like others. rt/xav : sc. ce. 

§ 29. jjSr] . . . irvyxavev : for he happened already to have drank some- 
what freely. 

§ 30. iya Se : others present other gifts, but I etc. rovrovs : on 

the arrangement, cf. note 4, 2, 6. 

§ 32. ffvue^eirie ical KareffKe^dcaro fiera tovto to Kepas : drank off (a 
cup with Xen.), and after this cup poured (wine) over (the guests). Cf. Plat. 
Leg. 1, 637, e. Instead of fiera tovto, Kiih. reads fxer avrov, and Krug. 

twv jj.er avrov. Kepaci . . . avKovvres : (persons) blowing with hor?is 

such as they use in giving signals ; is the subject of the sentence. ical 

craXiriy^iv . . . aaKiri^ovres : and sounding with trumpets made of raw ox-hide, 
both in time and as if with the magadis ; f>vB}iovs depends on cra\iri£ovres as 
accus. of kindred signification ; /xaydSi is an irregular dat. instead of fiayd- 
SiSt : this instrument seems to have been a lyre with twenty strings. Cf. 
Die. Antiqq. art. Lyra. 

§ 33. Tro\efw<6v : cf. 4, 3, 29. 

§ 34. oti &pa : sc. ^rj. oirws seldom stands after verbs of com- 
manding and of similar meaning. They comm. take the infin. o'l re 



BOOK VII. CHAP. IV. 385 

yap . . . cpi\ot seems to be most naturally rendered thus, for not only those 
who are enemies to us, but you who are our friends are Tkracians. Hence 
they could not easily be distinguished by night. 

§ 35. oiSeV ri : not at all. avrovs, alone.* 

§ 36. auajxevtire : the fut. is a milder and in this connection a more 
courteous expression than the imperative. 

§ 37. eftre/j . . . et : cf. note 3, 2, 31, and also 3, 2, 22. 

§ 39. cvvGriiia. : cf. note 6, 5, 25. elnov : Seuthes and the Grecian 

generals. 'AOrjvalav : an Ionic form, used also by the Attic writers 

instead of 'A6r)j/a which gradually took the place of the other, older form. 
■ cvyyivtiav : of the Athenians and Thracians ; cf. note 7, 2, 31. 

§ 40. vvKTas : cf. note 1, 7, 1. 

§ 41. rots 'iKirois = to?s iTnrevo'l. 

§ 43. to?s 'ittttois : without o~vu ; cf. t<£ 'linra> 1, 8, 1 ; and tw crrpa- 
rev/xari 1, 7, 14. 

§ 45. K a\ os: cf. note 1, 8, 16. 

§ 47. rdSe 877 : sc. iariv or ylyverai. The remark of Xen. to which 

Seuthes here alludes is not found in the foregoing narrative. aAAoi 

yap : but (I am not without apprehension) for. &\\os a\\rj SidoKay : 

cf. note 2, 1, 15. 

§ 48. irpSfiara aAAa /xvpta : other things (such as) sheep in great num- 
bers ; cf. note 1, 5 5. 



CHAP. IV. 

Further operations against the enemies of Seuthes, who are finally reduced 

to submission. 

§ 1. ola : a brief expression for ivOvfAOvfAevois ola : cf. note on o'iovs 
1, 7, 4. 

§ 2. ottcds av yivoiTO \ &u denotes that the attainment of the object was 
conditioned, depending on circumstances ; cf. note 2, 5, 16. 

§ 3. aireKaiovTO : cf. note 4, 5, 3. 

§ 5. toou ai'xjuaAwTOjj/ : partitive gen., some of the captives. on : 

cf. note 5, 6, 19. ical tovtqw: of these also, as he had done to those 

mentioned § 1. virb rb upos : implies motion, Gr. § 299, 111, went and 

encamped etc. So in § 11. Cf. vcp' H\v 3, 4, 37. 

§ 8. SeeTcu is not contracted, like ShcrBai 7, 7, 31. 

§ 10. avr' iiceiuov : i. e. rod iraidSs. Cf. note 1, 2, 15. /tnjSe ere- 

poj/ is stronger than /j.nder€poy. Cf. ouS 5 kvi 3, 2, 31. 

§ 11. KaKovfxevois : cf. note 1, 2, 13. 

17- 



386 NOTES, 

§ 13. &pa : cf. note 4, 2, 15. 

§ 14. els : cf. note 1, 7, 1. 

§ 15. ecpao-av, sc. ol Qvvoi. The Thynians affirmed this in their 
threats. 

§16. MaKearios : from MaKecrros, or Ma/acr-ros in Elis. o/crw/cat-* 

Sena appears to he too small a number. Ktih. conjectures out® nal irsv- 

T't}KOVTa. 

§ 17. oTricrOev . . . tols irikras : casting their targets around behind them. 
It is conjectured that they may have been fastened on -with straps, and 
hence, in leaping over the fences, some were caught on the stakes. 

§ 18. robs irapaTpexovras . . . o*k6tovs : two statements condensed into 
one, rovs Traparpexovras 7)k6vti£ov, and els rb (pas e/c rod ck6tovs 7}k6u- 

Ti£<3V. 

§ 19. rots ivpcaTois : the first that were ready. ya8ero : became 

aware of what was going on. ifio-fj6ei : tvas coming for assistance. 

§ 20. avT<£ and avr6v refer to Xen. iacai, sc. orrpareveaOaL. 

§ 21. rpnr\affiau, three times as large as before the arrival of the 
Greeks. 

§ 21. SIktjv : satisfaction. On the contrary in 2, 5, 38, it means pun- 
ishment. ex* lv nas ^ ne same subject as vojxifa. 



CHAP. V. 

Seuthes fails to fulfil his engagements with the army, but they continue in 
his service. They finally become dissatisfied with Xenophon, on ac- 
count of the conduct of Seuthes. 

§ 1. inreppdWovo-i : without object as in 6, 5, 7. AeAro : cf. note 

7, 1, 33. Maio-dSov : cf. 7, 2, 32. 

§ 2. 'Hpaic\et87)s . . . iraprjv : from Perinthus ; cf. 7, 4, 2. 

§ 3. roivvv : cf. note 5, 1, 2 ; also § 10 below. nal avBis : even at 

some future time, not now. rots crparrjyots is in apposition with 

TQVTOiS. 

§ 4. rav £evyu>v: Krug. suggests the reading roov fxkv tuxiovik&v &vyS>v. 
- -- - -- irXeiov : i. e. from the booty which he sold. 

§ 5. kavTov = cavTov. The reflexive of the 3d pers. is not unfre- 
quently used by Xen. for that of the 1st or 2d pers. 

§ 8. Tews : up to that time. els . . . TrapaSdbo'eii' : cf. note 3, 1, 9. 

— — not rovro 8iaj8ej8A7]/c6t : had uttered this calumny also. 

§ 9. en izvct) is equivalent to avwrepa, farther upward. <r<pe?s : thi9 

unfrequent word is chiefly confined to indirect narration. 



BOOK VII. CHAP. VI. 38? 

§ 10. au fieWy, crpaT€v<Ta{jX't]v &u : cf. note 5, 1, 9. 

§ 12. Me\ivotpdya>v : doubtless so named from their principal article 

of diet (ixtXivrf). 'XaX/j-vdrjcraos : now called Midia. iK-n'mrovGi : 

cf. note 6, 4, 2. 

§ 13. irp\v SpiaaaOai is explanatory of recos. 

§ 14. fitfiAoi yeypan/.Ui'cu : an important testimony to the traffic In 
books among the Hellenic colonies of the Euxine. ravra : these re- 
gions, as in § 13, Kara, ravra. 

§ 15. de( : continually, on each occasion ; cf. note 4, 1, 7. 



CHAP. VI. 

Xenophon defends his own conduct by a striking presentation of the facts 
in the case. He declines the invitation of Seuthes to remain longer 
with him, and resolves to accompany the army into Asia, where it had 
been invited by the Lacedaemonians to join with them in a war against 
Tissaphernes. 

§ 1. (rrpareveaOai : this was to secure the freedom of the Ionian 
cities. 

§ 2. iirt : cf. note 2, 3, 8. 

§ 3. irapdyeiv ; to introduce them, i. e. the Lacedaemonian embassadors. 
— — — T6 after (pt\os is used to connect this clause with the foregoing. 

§ 4. ris avrjp = tto?os avi]p, what sort of a man. X^P 0V ' wor se than 

if he were not (piKoo'rpari&rrjs. aAA' ^ : an ergo. 

§ 5. apa . . . /i-f) : this question indicates some solicitude. rrjs 

aTraycayys : the gen. denoting in what respect. rov iua&6v : the article 

is used because the subject was mentioned above § 1. 

§ 7. on : cf. note 1, 6, 7. 

§ 8. iirr]K6cf} : cf. note 2, 5, 38. 

§ 9. ovfiev ireiravfieOa : cf. note 4, 2, 4. robs 7]fJ.er4povs ttSvovs : 

lit. our toils, i. e. the results of our toils. 

§ 10. '6 ye Trpcaros Kiywv iyca, at least I the first one speaking, the subj. 
of SokcD. £// = rovrcav a. &Kkos Kal aWos : cf. 1, 5, 12. 

§11. &AAo . . . fxeu : cf. note 1, 7, 6 ; /acV apparently = jxt}v. 

irdvra : every thing, every sort of fortune. — — — c.Tre'rpairofirjv : 7, 1, 4 ; 
7, 2, 8. 

§ 12. '6dev : cf. note 1, 3, 17. For the allusion, cf. 7, 2, 8 et seqq. 

§ 13. oirep . . .. %v is predicated of what follows. 

§ 15. el iiraivu : the pres. indie, is used, because Xen. does not wish 
to indicate his own judgment of the truth of the supposition, but to leave 
that entirely to the army. (Krug.) irepl uv = rovrow irepl a>v. 



388 notes. 

§ 16. 'ixovra : sc. ifie. oTfiai : cf. note 2, 1, 16. eirl tovtcp 

. . . oircos : on this condition, that etc. 

§ 17. irpdrreiv rivd tl : to demand any thing of any one, without signi- 
fying whether it is for one's self or for another. If this latter notion is to 

he added, the mid. irpdrrecrQai is used. (Hert.) fiefiaico = ipireSob, 

confirm, secure. 

§ 18. iroWov 5e?y : to lach mu^h, to be Jar from ; cf. oXiyov SetV 1, 5, 14. 
— ■ — crvj/oide jxoi : lit. knows with me, i. e. knows as well as I. 

§ 19. fx)} Toivvv /X7j5e : a strong denial, no indeed not even etc. 

§ 20. oaco . . . ireviav : lit. by as much more as I should together with this 
man bear the poverty of that time. 

§ 21. rf(xx^v6p.'f\v\ &v is omitted to impart more life to the expression ; 
see Gr. § 260, Rem. 3. (pi\q> ovti : for any one being a friend, limits 

a1a'x i0V ' 

§ 22. ei ye . . . (bvAaicr) : if at least there is any protection to friends. 

iracrav, sc. tyvXaniiv : accus. of cognate meaning with <pvAa£a/j.evous. 

§ 23. ra. ivexvpa : the requisite securities. tovtov depends on kvav- 

t'lqv, in the presence of. 

§ 24. otoiv : gen. of price ; cf. otov 3, 1, 20. 

§ 25. irrl, on the borders of. £y iroXe[xia elvai : sc. avdynri %v. 

§ 26. orq> 5e, connect with ovk fy ^cuV, but there was not to us any force 
with which etc. (rvue<TT7]K6s : regular, organized. 

§ 29. iA7)$afj.fj : cf. note on rb jj.->] Kcnairerpa>Qr\vtxi 1, 3, 2. 

§ 30. jxiaQbv rrjs a<r$aAeias : cf. note 5, 6, 31. tovto . . . irddrj/xa^ 

is this the cruel suffering that you speak of, etc. ? Spoken with bitter 
irony. 

§ 31. ov : sc. airipx ecrOe. 

§ 32. irpbs ineivois : in addition to those things, i. e. in addition to the 
reputation which you have acquired in Asia ; enelvois though plural may 

refer to el ri as collective. rovroov : for those things, dependent on 

Xapw eldeuai and the antecedent of wv. 

§ 33. aTTTJpa from airalpu, I set out. 

§ 34. irpbs Aaice$aijj.oviovs must be connected with SfajSejSA^eyos. 

airoffTpocp-fju : cf. note 2, 4, 22. KaraQi l <xeo'8ai : to secure (to one's self"). 

§ 35. Ka\ ravra iroXv KpeirToaiv ip.avrov : and that too with persons 

far more powerful than myself. irpayjxarev6ixev6s re v/jav, instead of 

Kai oh irpay. 

§ 36. eu re? /xepei: cf. note 3, 4, 23. rpoiraia Papfidpcav : trophies 

commemorating victories over barbarians. edvvdixriv : a recurrence to 

the 1st pers. although 'dvdpa above is 3d pers. irpbs vfias : in respect 

to you, for you. 

§ 87. kcl\ yap ovv : cf. note 1, 9, 8. vfxe7s stands as though icaipbv 



BOOK VII. CHAP. VII. 389 

vofxi(ere followed instead of ttaipbs Soke? vpuv ; another anacoluthon. 



'6ti : because ; spoken with extreme bitterness. -n-Ae'eTe : not con- 
tracted ; cf. note 7, 4, 8. 

§ 38. ov priv : outus i86icei vjx'iv. fj.vr]fxoviKwraroi is ironical. 

outoi : Charminus and Polynicus. 

§ 39. ob r& aid : cf. note 6, 6, 34. ipeorcoPTos e>oD : cf. § 4 above. 

§ 40. Aouaia.TT]5 : cf. note 4, 2, 21. toDto depends on arparriy^aai 

as an accus. of cognate meaning, to lead on this expedition, and of this 
auairpa^ai is epexegetical, to exact from Seuthes etc. 

§ 41. to yiyv6\j.eva : £/*e proceeds. ireTrarai: cf. note on iireiraTO 

1, 9, 19. e^e^a avrov : we shall keep hold cf'him. 

§ 43. ret x w p' ia • c ^ l-i ^' 8* ^ airoppriTcp iroirjadfj.ei'os : under seal 

of secresy. 

§ 44. e\£' ols = eVi Tourots a. avaipei: this word is often used to 

denote the response of an oracle, or other divine response. On the asyn- 
deton, cf. note 1, 3, 20. 



CHAP. VII. 

The army plunders certain Thracian villages belonging to Medosades. In 
reply to the expostulations of Medosades, Xenophon defends the con- 
duct of the army. He is then induced by Medosades to repair again 
to Seuthes ; who is finally persuaded to furnish the means for paying 
the army. 

§ 1. iaK-fjvriaav els : a condensed expression for iiropevOnaav els . . . nal 
iaicfivqaav ev . . . 

§ 3. Mt)S6kov : cf. 7, 2, 32 ; 7, 3, 16. a\e£6/j.e0a is occasionally 

used elsewhere as here for the fut. 

§ 4. Kal airoKptvaaOai : only to reply ; Gr. § 321, Rem. 5. 

§ 6. iyKexo-\ivwfievois : cf. note 7, 2, 21. 

§ 7. vvv Se : this Se is only an emphatic repetition of the Se at the 

beginning of the sentence, now indeed. Kara Kpdros : by force, by right 

of conquest. 

§ 8. oi/x oirws : not only not ; Gr. § 321, 3. (b.) 

§ 10. ti k<xl : cf. note 5, 8, 2. ovSey ip,e . . . cnrodidovs : not even 

having called me in (as an adviser), most admirable men / so that, as J in- 
curred their ill will when I led the army to you, so also now by delivering it up 
(to them, i. e. the Lacedaemonians) / might secure their favor ; ottcos must 
be closely connected in idea with ovSev . . . TrapaKaXeaavres. 

§ 13. auT<j>, i. e. rep "Eevocpuvri : sc. irpoeiirov. curievai e/c rrjs x&P a * 

is epexegetical of o7rep. 



390 NOTES. 

§ 14. &y belongs to airoXaftetv. rh. SiKcua : what they have a right 

to demand. 

§ 15. el fj.lv cv ri e%ets . . . Keyeiy : sc. Aeye S^. exo^er : sc. 

\eyeiy. 

§ 16. robs (plXovs 7]fjuv yeyey/]fieyovs : i. e. the inhabitants of the vil- 
lages in which the Greeks were quartered ; cf. § 1 and 18. 

§ 17. rovrois and rovrovs refer to oi ravra vjjuv Karairpd^avres ', i. e. 

the Greeks. iydevde ap£o/j.e6a : we shall begin from hence, i. e. we shall 

begin with you etc. 

§ 18. ev u>v rrj X^?> ^ n whose country. dirorepa, av ipycpicravrai is 

dependent on einrpetyai, to leave to these men the decision of the question, 
whichever way they shall have decided, whether it was suitable, etc. 

§ 19. ouk e077, sc - eirirpe^at &v. oXeadai : sc. e<py) which is im- 
plied in the connection : irefiireiv on the other hand depends directly on 
e/ceAeue. 

§ 22. irpwTOv fiev : the second reason is given § 27 et seqq. [xera 

robs Sreobs . . . Karacrri]aavra.s : that these persons next to the gods have 
placed you in an eminent position. 

§ 23. roiovra . . . avdpi limits jxeya etvai : to be an important thing for 

such a man. ev aKOveiu vir6, to be well spolcen of by ; vir6 with the gen. 

is used because ev aitoveiv has the force of the pass, voice. cravrSv, 

and Aeyois : a transition from the 3d pers. with which the sentence com- 
menced to the 2d pers. o, rt : in respect to what. 

§ 24. irXavcc/xeuovs : wandering, i. e. failing in their object. croecppo- 

vi^eiv, to render obedient ; corresponds to o~w<ppoveiv (§ 30), to be obedient. 

csAAwj' rb . . . KoAa^eiv : the custom of others to inflict punishment at 

once. 

§ 26. rb Kal . . . Karepyaard/xei/ov: that which also secured to you the 

Tcingdom. rovroov rwv XPW* T03V : f or this money, the money due from 

Seuthes to the soldiers ; gen. of price. 

§ 27. irus jxeya rjyov : does not mean, how important an object you 
deemed it (that would be Sos instead of iroos) ; but how you deemed it an im- 
portant object etc. ; that is, irws qualifies the whole sentence, not simply 
liiya. 

§ 28. apx^Wi as to a beginning, i. e. at all, used with negations. 

§ 29. rfj cfj is here objective, friendship for you. 

§ 30. <ra<ppove?v : cf. note § 24. to npbs ere : in their relations to 

you. aAkovs re . . . irapayevecrdai, depends on vofxl^oiev or some word 

of similar meaning suggested by opSev. • rovrcoy : from these (Greeks) ; 

depends on aKovovras. /xijre . . . re : cf. note 2, 2, 8. 

§ 31. 7]/j.(Zj/ \eupdeyres : inferior to us. aiySvvos fi'f) : cf. note 4, 1, 6. 

avmrpd^wcriv : sc. ot AaKedai[x,6vioi. 



BOOK VII. CHAP. VIII. 391 

§ 35. a\\a ydp : at enim, but you may forsooth say something in reply 
for. ■ iroAv e\arrov, a much less difficult thing. 

§ 36. 6 oplfav : which determines. 

§ 39. iirl to?s crrparidrats : for the sake of the soldiers, i. e. to conciliate 
the soldiers totcards you. 

§ 40. ^tTjSe cbroSiStWos : not even had you offered (it). icanus exovra 

agrees with rd. 

§ 41. irp6s : in comparison with. 

§ 45. 8u>pa : objeet of exetj/. 

§ 4G. airoKeTadai : should be laid up, should be preserved. • viriaxvov- 
uevos ovk iveirlfnrAao'o : were not satisfied in promising, were not xoeary in 
promising. 

§ 47. otl cot 56^ei airodovvcu depends on diSd^eiv, will teach you that it 

shall seem good to you to pay what is due. robs col Trpoe/j.4yovs evepye- 

clav : those who have thrown away a favor on you ; the reference is of course 
fco the Greeks. 

§ 49. avo/xoius . . . ore : not being in the same standing in the army now 
as when etc. ; cf. 5, 4, 21. 

§ 50. ra x u p' ia '• 7, 5, 8. 

§ 53. rovs rwv aSiKrjadyrcou ere dfxripovs : cf. 7, 4, 14 et seqq., and 7, 4, 
20 et seqq. 

§ 54. i£iKvrjrai = il-apiey. rivos raXavrov, whose talent. op' ovk 

&jj.eivoi/, sc. icrri, is it not better etc. irerpovs: a playful allusion to 7, 6, 10. 

§ 55. avroTs : Xen. and his companions. ikdaovras : elsewhere 

Xen. like the other Attic writers uses the fut. |A». iroWtyv . . . alrtav ' 

they received much censure, i. e. for fraud in distributing the money. 

§ 57. ov irpoayei : did not go near, i. e. to Charminus and Polynicus, 

lest he also should incur censure. olKade : brief for &s ofcade airicbv. 

ov ydp irw : cf. Introduc. § 1. 



CHAP. VIII. 

The army crosses over to Lampsacus. Xenophon having taken to himself 
none of the pay for the army, finds himself in want. He proceeds with 
the army to Pergamus and is hospitably entertained by Hellas the wife 
of Gongylus. By her advice he attacks the neighboring castle of Asi- 
tades a Persian, and having got possession of it, obtains a large amount 
of booty. The army is delivered up to Thimbron and incorporated 
with the forces which were raised to prosecute the war against Tissa- 
phernes. 

§ 1. Ad/llanos : a city on the Hellespont N. E. from Abydus ; now called 
Lampsaki. #Atd<nos : from Phlius ("fcAtous), a city between Argolis 



392 NOTES. 

and Achaia^ ■ rod . . . yeypacpSros : these words have been explained 

in different ways, according as ypd<peiv has been taken in the sense to paint 
or to write ; thus, the one who painted in the Lycaeum the dreams, or, the one 
who wrote the (work entitled) dreams in the Lycaeum. 

§ 3. Trapeo-TTjaaTO rhv EvKXeidnu : he placed Euclides near (himself). 

i§wv ra lepd : the soothsayer appears to have drawn the inference 

of Xenophon's destitution from the inferior quality of the victims. ■ 

^ueAA?? : sc. xPVf Jt - ara j — ecreaOat, sc. croi. ah o~avT<£ : you appear in the 

way of yourself i. e. through your own want of care for yourself. 

§ 4. 6 Zeus o MetA. : under this name Zeus was worshipped especially 
at Athens, at the festival called Aidcria. (Thucyd. 1, 126.) 

§ 5, 'Ocppvuiov : a city of Troas, not far from Dardanus. tw ira- 

rpica vSfjLcp seems to be spoken of wAo/cauret. It was not usual to consume 
by fire the whole victim in sacrifices, except in the case of those which 
were offered to Zeus Milichius. 

§ 6. Bion and Euclides were sent by Thimbron. This Euclides is not 

the same as the one mentioned in § 1. irevTrjKovra SapeiKuu : this 

price (not far from $200), appears to have been an ordinary price for a 
good horse. (Hert.) 

§ 7. rrjs Avdias . . . irefiiov : sc. a^iKvovvrai. Q^firjs irediov : called 

also 0^/377. 

§ 8. 'Arpa/AVTTiov : a city opposite Lesbos, on a gulf of the same 
name. Keprovtov : perhaps it should be written Kvroviov ; it corre- 
sponds in situation with the modern Grecian city KvSuviais. £evovrai, 

is hospitably received and entertained ; on the contrary in § 6 ^gvovvtcu T(p 
"Eevocp&vri, they establish friendly relations with Xen. 

§ 9. abr6v, after %<pri, means Xenophon. 

§ 11. re connects XafS&v and deiirwhcras. ^laad^voi : having 

forced themselves into the company. wj kroijAcav : sc. ovtuv. 

§ 12. rrjs rvpcios depends on irepil-. This word often governs the 
gen. in Herod. ; seldom in Attic writers. 

§ 14. iiri : cf. note 1, 2, 15 and 5, 2, 6. oie<pdvf) : impers., an 

opening appeared through. {5ovw6pci) 6j5eAio~Kcp : with an enormous 

spear. 

§ 15. Kofxavia : perhaps a castle in the neighborhood. 'Tpudvioi. 

They dwelt on the eastern coast of the Caspian sea. TreXraaral : in 

apposition with &XX01. Cf. note on &XXo oevopou 1, 5, 5. TiapQhiov 

and ' AiroXXuvla : cities in the neighborhood of Pergamus. 

§ 16. XafiovTes . . . avfipdiroBa : having taken as many oxen and sheep 
and slaves as there were, they drove them away etc. With the position of 

jjXavi/ov, compare that of di^piraaav 1, 2, 26; and airrjei 7, 1, 41. 

ouTw : Kuhn. reads e-n. el . . . airioiev : cf. note 3, 4, 35. 



BOOK VII. CIIAP. VIII. 393 

§ 17. Kal aiir6s : himself also, as well as those mentioned § 15. 

fiia : in spite of, against the will of. UpoKXrjs . . . 6 airb A. : cf. 2, 1, 3, 

§ 18. Kvi<\(f> : in the form of a circle. Thus the arrows of the enemy 
would strike their shields obliquely. Kriig. conjectures that the shields on 

one side of the circle would he carried on the right arm. irp6 : before, 

so as to ward off. 

§ 19. oaov. enough for ; cf. 7, 3, 20. The expression implies that 
there were hut few. 

§ 20. ]xo.KpoTO.Ti\v : sc. 6d6v. rrjs Avdias depends on p.aKpora.T7]v, 

as far as possible into Lydia. els to . . . acpvXaKrelv : so that the enemy 

might not fear on account of the fact that the Greeks were near, but might be 
off their guard, els t6, to the end that, so that. Some editions have *&o-Te. 

§ 21. e7r' avr6v, i. e. e7rl t<£ leuai iir' avr6y. ix<>vo~as : extending, 

seldom thus used. (Kriig.) 

§ 22. airefir) : were fulfilled. ra iepd, the signs discovered in the 
sacrifices. 

§ 23. tov &e6v : tov Ala tov Mei\lx<-ov, § 4 et seqq. § 10. e|cu- 

pera : choice portions cf the booty. 

§ 24. e/c rovrov : in the spring of 399 B. C. 

.§ 25. This section and the following are supposititious. eirfySo- 

fxev : see Introduc. § 6. AvUas . . . Qpvylas. Much rather, Cyrus and 

afterwards Tissaphernes were satraps of these provinces ; cf. 1, 9, 7 and 

2, 5, 11. The same remark is true of Cappadocia. 'Eo"irep?Tai : cf. 

note 4, 7, 18. XaAujSes Kal XaXdaioi : in the Anabasis these are one 

and the same people. KoTrai : not elsewhere mentioned. Hevdrjs 

is improperly mentioned as one of the &pxovres rrjs fSa<n\e<as %^/>as. 

§ 26. &pidfxos : cf. note 2, 2, 6. deKairevre instead of irevTeKaideKa : 

such forms occur only in the later writers. Karafidffews : only to Coty- 

cra, as appears by a comparison with 2, 2, 6 and 5, 5, 4. 



THE ENT). 



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masterpiece of the greatest of Greek tragic poets in a convenient form. No learned 
criticism on the text was needed or has been attempted. The Tauchnitz edition has 
been chiefly followed, and such aid is rendered, in the way of notes, as may assist, 
not render needless, the efforts of the student. Too much help begets indolence, 
too little, despair : the author has striven to present the happy mean. 

Tho inviting appearance of the text and the merit of the commentary have made 
this volume a favorite wherever it has been used. 



Latin Classical Works. 
The Works of Horace. 

WITH ENGLISH NOTES, FOE THE USE OE SCHOOLS AND C0LLEGE8 

BY J. L. LINCOLN", 

PROFESSOR OF THE LATIN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE IN BROWN UNIVERSITY. 

12mo. 575 pages. Price $1 25. 
The text of this edition is mainly that of Orelli, the most important readings of 
other critics Deing given in foot-notes. The volume is introduced with a biographical 
sketch of Horace and a critique on his writings, which enable the student to enter in- 
telligently on his work. Peculiar grammatical constructions, as well as geographical 
and historical allusions, are explained in notes, which are just full enough to aid the 
pupil, to excite him to gain a thorough understanding of the author, and awaken in 
him a taste for philological studies, without taking all labor off his hands. "While the 
chief aim has been to impart a clear idea of Latin Syntax as exhibited in the text, it 
has also been a cherished object to take advantage of the means so variously and richly 
furnished by Horace for promoting the poetical taste and literary culture of the 
student. 

From an article, by Prof. Bahr, of the University of Heidelberg, in the 
Heidelberg Annals of Literature. 

" There are already several American editions of Horace, intended for the use of 
schools; of one of these, which has passed through many editions, and has also been 
widely circulated in England, mention has been formerly made in this journal; but 
that one we may not put upon an equality with the one now before us, inasmuch as 
this has taken a different stand-point, which may serve as a sign of progress in this 
department of study. The editor has, it is true, also intended his work for the use of 
schools, and has sought to adapt it, in all its parts, to such a use ; but still, without los- 
ing sight of this purpose, he has proceeded throughout with more independence. In the 
preparation of the Notes, the editor has faithfully observed the principles (laid down 
in his preface); the explanations of the poet's words commend themselves by a com- 
pressed brevity which limits itself to what is most essential, and by a sharp precision 
of expression ; and references to other passages of the poet, and also to grammars, 
dictionaries, &c, are not wanting. 



SALLUST'S 



Jugurtha and Catiline \f 

WITH NOTES AND A VOCABULAET 
BY NOBLE BUTLER AND MINARD STURGUS. 

12mo. 397 pages. Price $1. 

The editors have spent a vast amount of time and labor in correcting the text, by 
a comparison of the most improved German and English editions. It is* believed that 
this will be found superior to any edition hitherto published in this country. In ac- 
cordance with their chronological order, the "Jugurtha" precedes the " Catiline." 
The Notes are copious and tersely expressed ; they display not only fine scholarship,, 
but (what is quite as necessary in such a book) a practical knowledge of the difficul 
ilea "vhich the student encounters in reading this author, and the aids that he re- 
$ni"»8. The Vocabulary was prepared by the late Wulliam H. G-. Butukb. I* 
will »e found an able and faithful performance. 



Latin Classical "Worfcs. 

Germania and Agricol 



a 



OF CAIUS CpRNELIUS TACITUS, 

WITH NOTES FOE COLLEGES. 
By W. S. TYLER, 

PBOFE8SOR OF THE GKEEK AND LATIN LANGUAGES IN AMHERST COLLEGE. 

12mo. 193 pages. Price 62 Cents. 
Tacitus's account of Germany and life of Agricola are among the most fascinating 
and instructive Latin classics. The present edition has been prepared expressly for 
college classes, by one who knows what they need. In it will be found : 1. A Latin 
text, approved by all the more recent editors. 2. A copious illustration of the gram- 
matical constructions, as well as of the rhetorical and poetical usages peculiar to 
Tacitus. In a writer so concise it has been deemed necessary to pay particular re- 
gard to the connection of thought, and to the particles as the hinges of that connec- 
tion. 3. Constant comparisons of the writer with the authors of the Augustan age, 
for the purpose of indicating the changes which had already been wrought in the 
language of the Eoman people. 4. An embodiment in small compass of the most val- 
uable labors of such recent German critics as Grimm, Giinther, Gruber, Kiessling, 
Dronke, Eoth, Euperti, and "Walther. 

From Prof. Lincoln, of Brown University. 

"I have found the book in daily use with my class of very great servioe, very 
practical, and well suited to the wants of students. I am very much pleased with the 
Life of Tacitus and the Introduction, and indeed with the literary character of the 
book throughout. We shall make the book a part of our Latin course." 



The Hiftories of Tacitus. 

By W. S. TYLER. 
WITH NOTES FOE COLLEGES. 

I 

i2mo. 453 pages. Price SI 25. 

The text of Tacitus is here presented in a form as correct as a comparison of the 
best editions can make it. Notes are appended for the student's use, which contain 
not only the grammatical, but likewise all the geographical, archaeological, and his- 
torical illustrations that are necessary to render the author intelligible. It has been 
the constant aim of the editor to carry students beyond the dry details of grammar 
mid lexicography, and introduce them to a familiar acquaintance and lively sympathy 
with the author and his times. Indexes to the notes, and to the names of persons and 
places, render reference easy. 

From Pkof. Hackett, of Netcton Theological Stminary. 

" The notes appear to me to be even more neat and elegant than those on thd 
Germania and Agricola.' They come as near to such notes as I would be glad Lj 
(Trite myself on a classic, as almost any thing that I have yet seen." 



Latin Classical Works. 
L i n c o 1 n's L i v y. 

SELECTIONS FROM THE EIKST FIVE BOOKS, TOGETHER "WTTII THB 
TWENTY-FIRST AND TWENTY-SECOND BOOKS ENTIEE: WITH 
A PLAN OF ROME, A MAP OF THE PASSAGE OF HANNIBAL, 
AND ENGLISH NOTES FOE THE USE OF SCHOOLS. 

By J. L. LINCOLN, 

PEOFE3SOE OF THE LATIN LANGUAGE AND LITEBATTTEE IN BEOWN UNIVEBSITT. 

12mo. 329 pages. Price $1. 

The publishers believe that in this edition of Livy a want is supplied which has 
been universally felt ; there being previous to this no American edition furnished 
with the requisite aids for the successful study of this Latin author. The text is 
chiefly that of Alsehefski, which is now generally received by the best critics. The 
notes have been prepared with special reference to the grammatical study of the 
language, and the illustration of its forms, constructions, and idioms, as used by 
Livy. They will not be found to foster habits of dependence in the student, by 
supplying indiscriminate translation or unnecessary assistance ; but come to his help 
only in such part.* as it is fair to suppose he cannot master by his own exertions. 
They also embrace all necessary information relating to history, geography, and an- 
tiquities. 

Lincoln's Livy has been highly commended by critics, and is used in nearly all 
the colleges in the country. 

From Peof. Andeeson, of Waterville College. 

"A careful examination of several portions of your work has convinced me that 
for the use of students, it is altogether superior to any edition of Livy with which I 
am acquainted. Among its excellencies you will permit me to name the close atten- 
tion given to particles, to the subjunctive mood, the constant reference to the gram- 
mars, the discrimination of words nearly synonymous, and the care in giving the lo 
c-alities mentioned in the text. The book will be hereafter used in our college." 



-*+♦- 



BEZA'S LATIN VERSION 

OF 

The New Te ft anient. 

12mo. 291 pages. Price 75 cents. 

The now acknowledged propriety of giving students of languages familiar works 
for translation — thus adopting in the schools the mode by which the child first learns 
lo talk — has induced the publication of this new American edition of Beza's Latin 
Version of the New Testament. Ever since its first appearance, this work has kept 
Its place in the general esteem ; while more recent versions have been so 6trongly 
tinged with the peculiar views of the translators as to make them acceptable to par- 
ticular classes only. The editor has exerted himself to render the present edition 
worthy of patronage by its superior accuracy and neatness ; and the publishers flatter 
themselves that the pains bestowed frill insure for it a preference over other editions. 



Latin Classical Works. 
Arnold's Latin Courfe. 

, FIRST AND SECOND LATIN BOOK AND PRACTICAL GRAMMAR 
Eevised and carefully Corrected, by J. A. SPENCEE, D. D. 12mo 

359 pages. Trice 75 cents. 

EI PRACTICAL INTRODUCTION TO LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION. 

Revised and carefully Corrected, by J. A. SPENCEE, D. D. 12mo. 
856 pages. Price $1. 

Ill, CORNELIUS NEPOS. With Questions and Answers, and an Imitativh 
exbrcise on each chapter. "wlth notes by e. a. johnson, prof. of 
Latin in Univ. of New York. New Edition, enlarged, with a Lexicon, 
Historical and Geographical Index, &o. 12mo. 350 pages. Price $1. 

Arnold's Classical Series has attained a circulation almost unparalleled, having 
been introduced into nearly all the leading educational institutions in the United 
States. The secret of this success is, that the author has hit upon the true system of 
teaching the ancient languages. He exhibits them not as dead, but as living tongues, 
and by imitation and repetition, the means which nature herself points out to the 
child learning his mother tongue, he familiarizes the student with the idioms em- 
ployed by the elesrant writers and speakers of antiquity. 

The First and Second Latin Book should be put in the hands of the beginner, who 
will soon acquire from its pages a better idea of the language than could be gained by 
months of study according to the old system. The reason of this is, that every thing 
has a practical bearing, and a principle is no sooner learned than it is applied. The 
pupil is at once set to work on exercises. 

The Prose Composition forms an excellent sequel to the above work, or may b e 
used with any other course. It teaches the art of writing Latin more correctly and 
thoroughly, more easily and pleasantly, than any other work. In it3 pages Latin 
synonymes are carefully illustrated, differences of idiom noted, cautions as to common 
errors impressed on the mind, and every help afforded towards attaining a pure and 
flowing Latin style. 

From ¥i. "Wheeler, Principal Worcester County High School. 

"In the skill with which he sets forth the idiomatic peculiarities, as well as in 
the directness and simplicity with which he states the facts of the ancient languages, 
Mr. Arnold has no superior. I know of no books so admirably adapted to awaken an 
interest in the study of language, or so well fitted to lay the foundation of a correct 
scholarship and refined taste. 1 ' 

From A. B. Russell, Oakland High School. 

"The style in which the books are got up is not their only recommendation. 
With thorough instruction on the part of the teacher using these books as text-hooka, 
I am confident a much more ample return for the time and labor bestowed by our 
youth upon Latin must be secured. The time certainly has come when an advance 
must be made upon the old methods of instruction. I am plad to have a work that 
j romises so many advantages as Arnold's First aad Second Latin Book to begin." 

From C. M. Blakf, Classical Teacher, Philadelphia. 

u I am much pleased with Arnold's Latin Books. A class of my older boys have 
•ist finished the First and Second Book. Tl.ey had studied Latin for a longtime 
efore, but never understood it, they say, as t hey do now." 



Spanish Grammars, 



Ollendorff's Spanish Grammar: 

A New Method of Learning- to Eead, Write, and Speak the Spanish Lan- 
guagk ; with Practical Rules for Spanish Pronunciation, akd Models of 
Social and Commercial Correspondence. 

BY M. VELAZQUEZ AND T. T. SIMONNE. 

12mo. 560 pages. Price $1 — KEY to the Same. Separate vol. Price 75e. 

The admirable system introduced by Ollendorff is applied in this 
volume to the Spanish language. Having received, from the two 
distinguished editors to whom its supervision was intrusted, cor- 
rections, emendations, and additions, which specially adapt it to the 
youth of this country, it is believed to embrace every possible ad- 
vantage for imparting a thorough and practical knowledge of Spanish. 
A course of systematic grammar underlies the whole ; but its de- 
velopment is so gradual and inductive as not to weary the learner. 
Numerous examples of regular and irregular verbs are presented : 
and nothing that can expedite the pupil's progress, in the way of 
explanation and illustration, is omitted. 

Grammar of the Spanish Language ; 

With a History of the Language and Practical Exercises. 

BY M. SCHELE DE VERE. 

12mo. 273 pages. Price $1. 

In this volume are embodied the results of many years experi- 
ence on the part of the author, as Professor of Spanish in the Uni- 
versity of Virginia. It aims to impart a critical knowledge of the 
language by a systematic course of grammar, illustrated with 
appropriate exercises. The author has availed himself of the labors 
c f recent grammarians and critics ; and by condensing his rules and 
principles and rejecting a burdensome superfluity of detail, he has 
brought the whole within comparatively small compass. By pur- 
suing this simple course, the language may be easily and quickly 
mastered, not only for conversational purposes, but for reading it 
fluently and writing it with elegance. 



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